Quasar Foundation Model

Quasar Foundation Models (RoPE Base)

Quasar Foundation Models are SILX AIโ€™s core models designed for long-context reasoning, agentic systems, and persistent memory-based intelligence.

This release is NOT a state-of-the-art final model.
It is a base pretraining model designed specifically for distributed knowledge distillation on Bittensor (SN24 Quasar subnet).

The goal is to create a shared architecture where miners continuously distill knowledge from frontier models (e.g., Qwen, GLM) into Quasar.


โš ๏ธ Important Note

This model is:

  • A base model
  • Pretrained for only a few billion tokens
  • Designed for distillation and scaling, not benchmarking

Performance will improve through iterative subnet training + distillation cycles.


Model Overview

  • Model Name: Quasar 3B (RoPE Base)
  • Organization: SILX AI
  • Architecture: Quasar-RoPE Hybrid Transformer
  • Total Parameters: 3B
  • Active Parameters: ~1B (Mixture-of-Experts)
  • Training Stage: Stage 1 (Base Pretraining)
  • Sequence Length: 16K tokens (RoPE phase)

Training Strategy

Quasar follows a multi-stage training pipeline:

Stage 1 โ€” RoPE Pretraining

  • Train using Rotary Positional Embeddings (RoPE)
  • Context length: 16K tokens
  • Objective: stabilize training and build core reasoning

Stage 2 โ€” Distillation (SN24)

  • Distributed training on Bittensor subnet (SN24)
  • Miners distill knowledge from:
    • Qwen
    • GLM
  • Target: transfer reasoning + capabilities into Quasar

Stage 3 โ€” DroPE Long-Context Training

  • Remove positional embeddings entirely (DroPE phase)
  • Transition to position-free reasoning
  • Train on ultra-long context (up to 5M tokens)

This staged approach allows:

  • Stable early training
  • Efficient knowledge transfer
  • Extreme context scaling without positional bottlenecks

Quasar-RoPE Hybrid Architecture

Quasar is a high-throughput hybrid transformer designed for trillion-token scale training.

It combines:

  • Looped computation
  • Persistent latent memory
  • Hybrid attention mechanisms
  • Stable Mixture-of-Experts routing

1. Looped Transformer Logic

Instead of increasing depth traditionally, Quasar uses looped execution:

  • A fixed set of layers is reused multiple times (num_loops)
  • This multiplies effective depth without increasing VRAM

Key Mechanism:

  • Anchor P (Input Injection):
    • Embedding output is stored as P
    • Injected into the hidden state at every loop
  • Gradient Stabilization:
    • Injection gradients scaled by 1 / num_loops
    • Prevents instability during recirculation

2. Hybrid Layer Composition

Each loop contains a mix of:

Quasar Layers

  • Use Latent Memory Module
  • Handle long-range dependencies
  • Read/write persistent state

GLA Layers (Gated Linear Attention)

  • Fast, RNN-like recurrence
  • Efficient local sequence modeling

3. Persistent Latent Memory

A defining component of Quasar:

  • Memory Slots:

    • Fixed parameter banks (e.g., 128โ€“256 slots)
  • Segment Compression:

    • Tokens grouped into segments (default: 64 tokens)
    • Reduced noise during updates
  • Saliency Gating:

    • Learns which information is important
    • Writes only high-value signals to memory

4. SMEBU (Stability-Maximized Expert Balancing Unit)

Custom Mixture-of-Experts system:

  • Global Bias Buffers

    • Stored outside optimizer
    • Prevent routing collapse
  • Zero-Loop Updates

    • Expert balancing done in vectorized pass
    • No recursive instability
  • Sparse Activation

    • ~1B active parameters per forward pass

5. Technical Specifications

  • Normalization: RMSNorm (Pre-Norm)
  • Positional Encoding: RoPE (theta = 1,000,000)
  • Initialization: Depth-scaled 1/sqrt(2L)
  • Architecture Type: Hybrid Transformer + Memory + MoE

Architecture Overview

Core Data Flow

Token IDs
  โ†“
Embedding Layer
  โ†“
Anchor P Snapshot
  โ†“
โ”Œโ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”
โ”‚ Loop (i < num_loops)                         โ”‚
โ”‚                                              โ”‚
โ”‚   Quasar Block                               โ”‚
โ”‚        โ†“                                     โ”‚
โ”‚   GLA Block                                  โ”‚
โ”‚        โ†“                                     โ”‚
โ”‚   SMEBU MoE                                  โ”‚
โ”‚        โ†“                                     โ”‚
โ”‚   Inject Anchor P (Residual Conditioning)    โ”‚
โ””โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”˜
  โ†“
Next Loop Iteration (state updated)

Final Loop Output
  โ†“
RMSNorm
  โ†“
LM Head
  โ†“
Logits

Latent Memory Update Path

Hidden States
  โ†“
Layer Normalization (RMSNorm)
  โ†“
Segment Compressor
  โ†“
Segment Representation (Z)
  โ†“
  โ”œโ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ†’ Saliency Gate (importance scoring)
  โ”‚                        โ†“
  โ”‚                     Write Signal
  โ”‚                        โ†“
  โ””โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ”€โ†’ Memory Write Operation
                           โ†“
              Persistent Memory Bank (M)
                           โ†“
                  Updated Memory (M')
                           โ†“
                  Memory Read Module
                           โ†“
              Memory-Augmented Hidden State
                           โ†“
                         Output

SMEBU MoE Stability Flow

Router Network
  โ†“
Token Routing Scores
  โ†“
  * Global Bias Buffer (non-trainable stability path)
  โ†“
Top-K Expert Selection
  โ†“
Selected Experts
  โ†“
Expert Output Aggregation
  โ†“
Final MoE Output
  โ†“
Post-Loop Bias Update (vectorized, stabilized)

Intended Use

This model is designed as a foundation base model for the Quasar ecosystem and is primarily intended for:

  • Bittensor SN24 miners participating in distributed training and knowledge distillation
  • Distillation pipelines transferring capabilities from frontier models (e.g., Qwen, GLM)
  • Research on long-context architectures, especially beyond traditional positional encoding limits
  • Agentic system development, where persistent memory and long-horizon reasoning are required

Next Steps

  • Training on SN24 in the coming days
  • Miners distill knowledge into this model
  • Then we go for Run 2 โ€” DroPE training at 5M tokens
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