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scored
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6
CONSTANT_TIME
null
barrett_ct.v
{"a_reg": ["a", "rst", "start"], "cadd": ["Q", "sub"], "cnt": ["W", "rst", "running", "start"], "csub": ["Q", "cadd"], "done": ["W", "cnt", "running"], "prod": ["V", "a_reg"], "r": ["DW", "csub"], "running": ["rst", "start"], "sub": ["a_reg", "tq"], "t": ["K", "prod"], "tq": ["Q", "t"]}
CC-BY-4.0
26
0
19
done
null
[]
null
true
[ "a" ]
null
// barrett_ct — CONSTANT-TIME Barrett modular reduction for Kyber / ML-KEM (q = 3329). This is the REAL, // value-correct Barrett reduce (the same construction as the reference `barrett_reduce`), not a placeholder: // // t = round(v * a / 2^K) with v = round(2^K / q) = 20159, K = 26 (the canonical Kyber constan...
CONSTANT_TIME
7
LEAKY
LEAKY — 'done' depends on a. How each secret reaches it (shortest path first): a ├─ acc └─ done Each arrow is a dependency edge: an assignment, or a condition guarding one. The analysis over-approximates, so a path may be unreachable at run time — read it and decide. That is why it is printed.
barrett_leaky.v
{"acc": ["Q", "a", "rst", "running", "start"], "done": ["Q", "acc", "running"], "r": ["DW", "acc"], "running": ["rst", "start"]}
CC-BY-4.0
12
1
9
done
[{"secret": "a", "observation": "done", "signals": ["a", "acc", "done"], "length": 2}]
[ "a" ]
null
true
[ "a" ]
2
// barrett_leaky — the NON-constant-time counterpart of `barrett_ct`: a naive "reduce by repeated subtraction" // normalization that LOOPS `acc -= Q` until `acc < Q`. This is a real, tempting implementation (no multiplier, // tiny area — a common way people "just reduce mod q") but the NUMBER of iterations, hence the c...
LEAKY
6
CONSTANT_TIME
null
barrett_buggy.v
{"a_reg": ["a", "rst", "start"], "cadd": ["Q", "sub"], "cnt": ["W", "rst", "running", "start"], "csub": ["Q", "cadd"], "done": ["W", "cnt", "running"], "prod": ["V", "a_reg"], "r": ["DW", "csub"], "running": ["rst", "start"], "sub": ["a_reg", "tq"], "t": ["K", "prod"], "tq": ["Q", "t"]}
CC-BY-4.0
26
0
19
done
null
[]
null
true
[ "a" ]
null
// barrett_buggy — a BUGGY Barrett reduction (the WS-B teeth): identical to `barrett_ct.v` except the Barrett // SHIFT is WRONG (K = 25 instead of the canonical 26). The reciprocal constant V = round(2^26/3329) is // calibrated for a 2^26 shift; using 2^25 scales the quotient estimate `t` by ~2x, an error far outside w...
CONSTANT_TIME
6
CONSTANT_TIME
null
ct_cmp.v
{"cnt": ["W", "rst", "running", "start"], "diff": ["W", "cnt", "rst", "running", "start", "xr", "yr"], "done": ["W", "cnt", "running"], "equal": ["diff"], "running": ["rst", "start"], "xr": ["W", "cnt", "rst", "running", "start", "x"], "yr": ["W", "cnt", "rst", "running", "start", "y"]}
CC-BY-4.0
29
0
12
done
null
[]
null
true
[ "x", "y" ]
null
// ct_cmp — CONSTANT-TIME equality/compare that ALWAYS scans all W bits (the memcmp-hardening pattern used // against timing side channels in MAC/tag comparison). It accumulates a difference flag every cycle but never // exits early, so `done = running & (cnt == W)` is a data-oblivious counter — completion timing is in...
CONSTANT_TIME
9
LEAKY
LEAKY — 'done' depends on x, y. How each secret reaches it (shortest path first): x ├─ xr └─ done y ├─ yr └─ done Each arrow is a dependency edge: an assignment, or a condition guarding one. The analysis over-approximates, so a path may be unreachable at run time — read it and decide. That is why it is ...
cmp_leaky.v
{"diff": ["rst", "running", "start", "xr", "yr"], "done": ["diff", "running", "xr", "yr"], "equal": ["diff"], "running": ["rst", "start"], "xr": ["diff", "rst", "running", "start", "x", "yr"], "yr": ["diff", "rst", "running", "start", "xr", "y"]}
CC-BY-4.0
24
10
10
done
[{"secret": "x", "observation": "done", "signals": ["x", "xr", "done"], "length": 2}, {"secret": "x", "observation": "done", "signals": ["x", "xr", "diff", "done"], "length": 3}, {"secret": "x", "observation": "done", "signals": ["x", "xr", "yr", "done"], "length": 3}, {"secret": "x", "observation": "done", "signals": ...
[ "x", "y" ]
null
true
[ "x", "y" ]
2
// cmp_leaky — the LEAKY counterpart of `ct_cmp`: the classic early-exit memcmp that stops at the first // differing bit, so `done` timing leaks the position of the first mismatch (a textbook tag/MAC timing oracle). // Its completion cone contains operand bits, so no operand-free inductive invariant exists and the // s...
LEAKY
8
CONSTANT_TIME
null
ct_div_wide.v
{"a_shift": ["WIDTH", "a", "done_now", "resetn", "running", "start"], "b_reg": ["b", "resetn", "running", "start"], "cnt": ["done_now", "resetn", "running", "start"], "done": ["done_now", "resetn", "running", "start"], "done_now": ["CW", "WIDTH", "cnt", "running"], "ge": ["b_reg", "rem_shifted"], "q": ["done_now", "q_r...
CC-BY-4.0
54
0
19
done
null
[]
null
true
[ "a", "b" ]
null
// ct_div_wide — a parameterized CONSTANT-TIME restoring divider with wipe-on-done, in clean RTL. // // Purpose (SCALE demonstration): the completion signal `done` is a pure function of the iteration COUNTER // (cnt == W), never of the operand data — so the divider runs EXACTLY W fixed cycles regardless of a/b, i.e. //...
CONSTANT_TIME
16
LEAKY
LEAKY — 'done' depends on a, b. How each secret reaches it (shortest path first): a ├─ a_shift ├─ rem_shifted ├─ rem_next ├─ rem_reg ├─ done_now └─ done b ├─ b_reg ├─ rem_next ├─ rem_reg ├─ done_now └─ done Each arrow is a dependency edge: an assignment, or a condition guarding one. The an...
ct_div_leaky.v
{"a_shift": ["WIDTH", "a", "done_now", "resetn", "running", "start"], "b_reg": ["b", "resetn", "running", "start"], "cnt": ["done_now", "resetn", "running", "start"], "done": ["done_now", "resetn", "running", "start"], "done_now": ["CW", "WIDTH", "cnt", "rem_reg", "running"], "ge": ["b_reg", "rem_shifted"], "q": ["done...
CC-BY-4.0
55
8
19
done
[{"secret": "a", "observation": "done", "signals": ["a", "a_shift", "rem_shifted", "rem_next", "rem_reg", "done_now", "done"], "length": 6}, {"secret": "a", "observation": "done", "signals": ["a", "a_shift", "rem_shifted", "ge", "rem_next", "rem_reg", "done_now", "done"], "length": 7}, {"secret": "a", "observation": "d...
[ "a", "b" ]
null
true
[ "a", "b" ]
5
// ct_div_leaky — the LEAKY TWIN of ct_div_wide (the teeth for the constant-time scaling proof). // // IDENTICAL to ct_div_wide EXCEPT the completion `done_now` also fires on an EARLY-EXIT when the running // remainder reaches zero (`rem_reg == 0`). That makes the completion cycle DATA-DEPENDENT: for operands whose // ...
LEAKY
6
CONSTANT_TIME
null
ct_gcd.v
{"a": ["K", "a_in", "b", "iter", "rst", "running", "start"], "b": ["K", "a", "b_in", "iter", "rst", "running", "start"], "done": ["K", "iter", "running"], "gcd_out": ["a"], "iter": ["K", "rst", "running", "start"], "running": ["rst", "start"]}
CC-BY-4.0
24
0
11
done
null
[]
null
true
[ "a_in", "b_in" ]
null
// ct_gcd — fixed-iteration (constant-time) GCD. `done` is a function ONLY of a cycle counter `iter` // that advances unconditionally while running, so completion time is FIXED (K cycles) regardless of the // secret operands — i.e. the timing observable is data-oblivious. The datapath still reduces the secret // operan...
CONSTANT_TIME
9
LEAKY
LEAKY — 'done' depends on a_in, b_in. How each secret reaches it (shortest path first): a_in ├─ a ├─ eq └─ done b_in ├─ b ├─ eq └─ done Each arrow is a dependency edge: an assignment, or a condition guarding one. The analysis over-approximates, so a path may be unreachable at run time — read it and ...
euclid_gcd.v
{"a": ["a_in", "b", "eq", "rst", "running", "start"], "b": ["a", "b_in", "eq", "rst", "running", "start"], "done": ["eq", "running"], "eq": ["a", "b"], "gcd_out": ["a"], "running": ["rst", "start"]}
CC-BY-4.0
19
4
10
done
[{"secret": "a_in", "observation": "done", "signals": ["a_in", "a", "eq", "done"], "length": 3}, {"secret": "a_in", "observation": "done", "signals": ["a_in", "a", "b", "eq", "done"], "length": 4}, {"secret": "b_in", "observation": "done", "signals": ["b_in", "b", "eq", "done"], "length": 3}, {"secret": "b_in", "observ...
[ "a_in", "b_in" ]
null
true
[ "a_in", "b_in" ]
3
// euclid_gcd — subtractive Euclidean GCD. The canonical NON-constant-time datapath: the number of // reduction steps (hence the cycle at which `done` asserts) depends on the SECRET operands, so the // completion time leaks operand structure. This is the negative / found-bug design: a self-composition // proof of timin...
LEAKY
6
CONSTANT_TIME
null
euclid_gcd_repaired.v
{"a": ["K", "a_in", "b", "iter", "rst", "running", "start"], "b": ["K", "a", "b_in", "iter", "rst", "running", "start"], "done": ["K", "iter", "running"], "gcd_out": ["a"], "iter": ["K", "rst", "running", "start"], "running": ["rst", "start"]}
CC-BY-4.0
24
0
11
done
null
[]
null
true
[ "a_in", "b_in" ]
null
// euclid_gcd_repaired — the CERTIFIED REPAIR of `euclid_gcd.v` (WS-C). Generated by applying ONE known // countermeasure class (fixed-trip-count / data-oblivious control) to the leaky design, in response to its // timing-leak counterexample. This is NOT a hand-written ct_gcd: it PRESERVES euclid's own subtractive // r...
CONSTANT_TIME
6
CONSTANT_TIME
null
ct_modmul.v
{"acc": ["W", "ar", "br", "cnt", "rst", "running", "start"], "ar": ["a", "rst", "start"], "br": ["W", "b", "cnt", "rst", "running", "start"], "cnt": ["W", "rst", "running", "start"], "done": ["W", "cnt", "running"], "mr": ["m", "rst", "start"], "result": ["W", "acc"], "running": ["rst", "start"]}
CC-BY-4.0
30
0
14
done
null
[]
null
true
[ "a", "b", "m" ]
null
// ct_modmul — CONSTANT-TIME double-and-add modular multiplication `a*b mod m` (a building block of RSA/ECC // scalar routines). Every cycle it doubles the accumulator and conditionally adds `a`, with a conditional // modular reduction — but the multiplier bit only SELECTS values; it never gates control. Completion // ...
CONSTANT_TIME
6
LEAKY
LEAKY — 'done' depends on b. How each secret reaches it (shortest path first): b ├─ br └─ done Each arrow is a dependency edge: an assignment, or a condition guarding one. The analysis over-approximates, so a path may be unreachable at run time — read it and decide. That is why it is printed.
modmul_leaky.v
{"acc": ["W", "ar", "br", "rst", "running", "start"], "ar": ["a", "rst", "start"], "br": ["b", "rst", "running", "start"], "done": ["br", "running"], "mr": ["m", "rst", "start"], "result": ["W", "acc"], "running": ["rst", "start"]}
CC-BY-4.0
22
1
13
done
[{"secret": "b", "observation": "done", "signals": ["b", "br", "done"], "length": 2}]
[ "b" ]
null
true
[ "a", "b", "m" ]
2
// modmul_leaky — the LEAKY counterpart of `ct_modmul`: it early-exits once the residual multiplier `br` is // zero (skipping the remaining doublings), so `done` timing leaks the multiplier's MSB position. The // completion cone contains operand bits, so the self-composition proof correctly REFUSES to certify it. modul...
LEAKY
6
CONSTANT_TIME
null
ct_mul.v
{"acc": ["W", "cnt", "mcand", "mplier", "rst", "running", "start"], "cnt": ["W", "rst", "running", "start"], "done": ["W", "cnt", "running"], "mcand": ["W", "a", "cnt", "rst", "running", "start"], "mplier": ["W", "b", "cnt", "rst", "running", "start"], "prod": ["acc"], "running": ["rst", "start"]}
CC-BY-4.0
29
0
12
done
null
[]
null
true
[ "a", "b" ]
null
// ct_mul — CONSTANT-TIME shift-add multiplier. Runs EXACTLY W iterations regardless of the operands: // every cycle it conditionally adds the (shifted) multiplicand based on the current multiplier bit, but the // bit only SELECTS a value — it never gates the control. Completion `done = running & (cnt == W)` is a plain...
CONSTANT_TIME
6
LEAKY
LEAKY — 'done' depends on b. How each secret reaches it (shortest path first): b ├─ mplier └─ done Each arrow is a dependency edge: an assignment, or a condition guarding one. The analysis over-approximates, so a path may be unreachable at run time — read it and decide. That is why it is printed.
mul_leaky.v
{"acc": ["mcand", "mplier", "rst", "running", "start"], "done": ["mplier", "running"], "mcand": ["W", "a", "mplier", "rst", "running", "start"], "mplier": ["b", "rst", "running", "start"], "prod": ["acc"], "running": ["rst", "start"]}
CC-BY-4.0
20
1
11
done
[{"secret": "b", "observation": "done", "signals": ["b", "mplier", "done"], "length": 2}]
[ "b" ]
null
true
[ "a", "b" ]
2
// mul_leaky — the LEAKY counterpart of `ct_mul`: it early-exits as soon as the residual multiplier becomes // zero, so `done` fires after a number of cycles equal to the multiplier's MSB position — a timing channel // that leaks the secret operand's bit-length. The completion cone contains operand bits (via `mplier==0...
LEAKY
6
CONSTANT_TIME
null
modexp_ct.v
{"acc": ["W", "cnt", "e", "rst", "running", "sq", "start"], "cnt": ["W", "rst", "running", "start"], "done": ["W", "cnt", "running"], "e": ["W", "cnt", "exp", "rst", "running", "start"], "result": ["acc"], "running": ["rst", "start"], "sq": ["W", "base", "cnt", "rst", "running", "start"]}
CC-BY-4.0
29
0
12
done
null
[]
null
true
[ "base", "exp", "modulus" ]
null
// modexp_ct — CONSTANT-TIME square-and-multiply-ALWAYS modular exponentiation control, the standard RSA // timing-attack countermeasure (the always-multiply / constant-time-exponentiation defense — the exponent // bit never gates control, only selects a value; this is the always-multiply class, distinct from but in th...
CONSTANT_TIME
8
LEAKY
LEAKY — 'done' depends on exp. How each secret reaches it (shortest path first): exp ├─ e └─ done Each arrow is a dependency edge: an assignment, or a condition guarding one. The analysis over-approximates, so a path may be unreachable at run time — read it and decide. That is why it is printed.
modexp_leaky.v
{"acc": ["W", "cnt", "e", "rst", "running", "sq", "start"], "cnt": ["W", "e", "rst", "running", "start"], "done": ["W", "cnt", "e", "running"], "e": ["W", "cnt", "exp", "rst", "running", "start"], "result": ["acc"], "running": ["rst", "start"], "sq": ["W", "base", "cnt", "e", "rst", "running", "start"]}
CC-BY-4.0
32
2
12
done
[{"secret": "exp", "observation": "done", "signals": ["exp", "e", "done"], "length": 2}, {"secret": "exp", "observation": "done", "signals": ["exp", "e", "cnt", "done"], "length": 3}]
[ "exp" ]
null
true
[ "base", "exp", "modulus" ]
2
// modexp_leaky — the NON-constant-time counterpart of `modexp_ct`: a square-and-multiply modular // exponentiation that EARLY-EXITS when the remaining exponent register is all zeros. That is a real, // tempting optimization (skip the trailing zero exponent bits), but it makes the completion cycle — hence // `done` — d...
LEAKY
6
CONSTANT_TIME
null
x25519_fieldmul.v
{"acc": ["W", "ar", "br", "cnt", "rst", "running", "start"], "ar": ["opa", "rst", "start"], "br": ["W", "cnt", "opb", "rst", "running", "start"], "cnt": ["W", "rst", "running", "start"], "done": ["W", "cnt", "running"], "mr": ["modulus", "rst", "start"], "result": ["W", "acc"], "running": ["rst", "start"]}
CC-BY-4.0
30
0
14
done
null
[]
null
true
[ "opa", "opb", "modulus" ]
null
// x25519_fieldmul — CONSTANT-TIME field multiplication `opa * opb mod modulus`, the inner primitive of an // X25519 / Curve25519 Montgomery-ladder step (the field GF(2^255-19), modeled here at a tractable width W). // The completion-channel CT ARGUMENT is width-parametric in structure, BUT this committed RTL is fixed ...
CONSTANT_TIME
6
LEAKY
LEAKY — 'done' depends on opb. How each secret reaches it (shortest path first): opb ├─ br └─ done Each arrow is a dependency edge: an assignment, or a condition guarding one. The analysis over-approximates, so a path may be unreachable at run time — read it and decide. That is why it is printed.
x25519_fieldmul_leaky.v
{"acc": ["W", "ar", "br", "rst", "running", "start"], "ar": ["opa", "rst", "start"], "br": ["opb", "rst", "running", "start"], "done": ["br", "running"], "mr": ["modulus", "rst", "start"], "result": ["W", "acc"], "running": ["rst", "start"]}
CC-BY-4.0
22
1
13
done
[{"secret": "opb", "observation": "done", "signals": ["opb", "br", "done"], "length": 2}]
[ "opb" ]
null
true
[ "opa", "opb", "modulus" ]
2
// x25519_fieldmul_leaky — the LEAKY counterpart of `x25519_fieldmul`: it early-exits once the residual // multiplier `br` is zero, skipping the remaining doublings, so `done` timing leaks the secret multiplier's // most-significant set-bit position (its bit-length). The completion cone therefore contains operand bits,...
LEAKY
null
null
null
barrett_spec.v
{"r": ["a"]}
CC-BY-4.0
1
0
2
null
null
null
null
false
[]
null
// barrett_spec — the PUBLIC golden specification for the Kyber / ML-KEM Barrett reduction (WS-B): the plain // arithmetic contract `r == a mod 3329` over the full 16-bit coefficient domain. This is the FIPS/spec-level // reference the `barrett_ct` datapath is bit-exact to, over ALL 2^16 inputs. Purely combinational — ...
null
null
null
null
alu_unprotected.v
{"_unused": ["a2", "b2", "op2"], "error_flag": [], "out": ["r0"], "r0": ["a", "b", "op"]}
CC-BY-4.0
7
0
10
null
null
null
null
false
[]
null
// alu_unprotected — the UNPROTECTED ALU: same datapath as `parity_alu.v`, but NO fault detection // (`error_flag` hardwired 0). The teeth for WS-A: a single modeled stuck-at in the OUT datapath corrupts `out` // with error_flag never rising, so the golden_faulted 2-safety miter finds an UNDETECTED fault (`differ` SAT)...
null
null
null
null
parity_alu.v
{"error_flag": ["r0", "r1"], "out": ["r0"], "r0": ["a", "b", "op"], "r1": ["a2", "b2", "op2"]}
CC-BY-4.0
9
0
10
null
null
null
null
false
[]
null
// parity_alu — a fault-RESISTANT 4-bit ALU (the PROVEN side of the fault-injection twin, WS-A). // // The datapath `r0 = op(a,b)` is computed TWICE by two structurally-distinct copies (r0 from a/b/op, r1 from // a2/b2/op2) and compared: `error_flag = |(r0 ^ r1)` — a concurrent-error-detection (CED) duplicate-and-compa...
null
null
null
null
parity_alu_singlebit.v
{"error_flag": ["r0", "r1"], "out": ["r0"], "r0": ["a", "b", "op"], "r1": ["a2", "b2", "op2"]}
CC-BY-4.0
9
0
10
null
null
null
null
false
[]
null
// parity_alu_singlebit — a PARTIAL countermeasure (the second WS-A teeth): the duplicate-and-compare covers // only output bits [2:0] and IGNORES bit 3, mirroring `pcpi_div_halfwipe.v` (a countermeasure that protects // only part of the state). A single modeled stuck-at on the bit-3 datapath corrupts `out[3]` while `e...
null
null
null
null
pcpi_div.v
null
ISC
0
0
0
null
null
null
line 70: preprocessor directive is outside the supported Verilog subset ('`ifdef'). Dependencies created by it would be invisible to the cone analysis, so no verdict is returned. Flatten the design to a single module of assign/always statements, or analyse the submodule directly with --module.
false
[]
null
// Vendored standalone copy of picorv32_pcpi_div (the RISC-V DIV/REM co-processor) from // the upstream picorv32 project (ISC license) -- see LICENSE-FIXTURES for full attribution. // Completion is (!quotient_msk && running); quotient_msk is a pure 1<<31 >>1 shift register — so the // completion cycle is data-oblivious...
UNKNOWN
null
null
null
pcpi_div_wiped.v
{"dividend": ["divisor", "instr_div", "instr_rem", "pcpi_rs1", "quotient_msk", "resetn", "running", "start"], "divisor": ["instr_div", "instr_rem", "pcpi_rs2", "quotient_msk", "resetn", "running", "start"], "instr_any_div_rem": ["instr_div", "instr_divu", "instr_rem", "instr_remu"], "instr_div": ["pcpi_insn", "pcpi_rea...
ISC
78
0
22
null
null
null
null
false
[]
null
// WS-7 — no-secret-residue repair of picorv32_pcpi_div. Byte-identical to rtl_ct/pcpi_div.v EXCEPT that on the // completion cycle (`!quotient_msk && running`) the operand-derived scratch registers are ZEROED, so no operand // residue survives past `done`. pcpi_rd is a non-blocking assignment from the PRE-clock quotie...
null
null
null
null
pcpi_div_halfwipe.v
{"dividend": ["divisor", "instr_div", "instr_rem", "pcpi_rs1", "quotient_msk", "resetn", "running", "start"], "divisor": ["instr_div", "instr_rem", "pcpi_rs2", "quotient_msk", "resetn", "running", "start"], "instr_any_div_rem": ["instr_div", "instr_divu", "instr_rem", "instr_remu"], "instr_div": ["pcpi_insn", "pcpi_rea...
ISC
76
0
22
null
null
null
null
false
[]
null
// WS-7 TEETH — a DELIBERATELY INCOMPLETE wipe. Identical to pcpi_div_wiped.v except it clears only `dividend` // and leaves `divisor` holding operand-derived residue at completion. residue_check MUST still REFUSE this // variant: a partial wipe is not no-residue. If this were accepted, the property would be vacuous. m...
null
null
null
null
pcpi_mul.v
null
ISC
0
0
0
null
null
null
line 67: for loop is outside the supported Verilog subset ('for ('). Dependencies created by it would be invisible to the cone analysis, so no verdict is returned. Flatten the design to a single module of assign/always statements, or analyse the submodule directly with --module.
false
[]
null
// Vendored standalone copy of picorv32_pcpi_mul (the RISC-V MUL/MULH co-processor) from // the upstream picorv32 project (ISC license) -- see LICENSE-FIXTURES for full attribution. // Completion is `pcpi_ready <= mul_finish`, and `mul_finish <= mul_counter[6]` where `mul_counter` // is loaded from a fixed constant (63...
UNKNOWN
null
null
null
tb_ct.v
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CC-BY-4.0
0
0
0
null
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line 12: module instantiation is outside the supported Verilog subset ('euclid_gcd EU ('). Dependencies created by it would be invisible to the cone analysis, so no verdict is returned. Flatten the design to a single module of assign/always statements, or analyse the submodule directly with --module.
false
[]
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// Cross-check testbench: does the ACTUAL RTL behave as the hand-authored z3 relation claims? // - euclid_gcd: two secret operand pairs must complete at DIFFERENT cycles (the leak is real in RTL). // - ct_gcd: any secret operand pair must complete at the SAME fixed cycle (constant-time in RTL). // Prints "DONE ...
UNKNOWN