audio audioduration (s) 1.11 10.1 | text stringlengths 12 187 ⌀ | audio_codes sequencelengths 84 758 |
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Printing, in the only sense with which we are at present concerned, differs from most if not from all the arts and crafts represented in the Exhibition | [
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in being comparatively modern. | [
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For although the Chinese took impressions from wood blocks engraved in relief for centuries before the woodcutters of the Netherlands, by a similar process | [
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produced the block books, which were the immediate predecessors of the true printed book, | [
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the invention of movable metal letters in the middle of the fifteenth century may justly be considered as the invention of the art of printing. | [
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And it is worth mention in passing that, as an example of fine typography, | [
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the earliest book printed with movable types, the Gutenberg, or "forty-two line Bible" of about fourteen fifty-five, | [
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has never been surpassed. | [
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Printing, then, for our purpose, may be considered as the art of making books by means of movable types. | [
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Now, as all books not primarily intended as picture-books consist principally of types composed to form letterpress, | [
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it is of the first importance that the letter used should be fine in form; | [
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especially as no more time is occupied, or cost incurred, in casting, setting, or printing beautiful letters | [
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than in the same operations with ugly ones. | [
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And it was a matter of course that in the Middle Ages, when the craftsmen took care that beautiful form should always be a part of their productions whatever they were, | [
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the forms of printed letters should be beautiful, and that their arrangement on the page should be reasonable and a help to the shapeliness of the letters themselves. | [
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The Middle Ages brought calligraphy to perfection, and it was natural therefore | [
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that the forms of printed letters should follow more or less closely those of the written character, and they followed them very closely. | [
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The first books were printed in black letter, i.e. the letter which was a Gothic development of the ancient Roman character, | [
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and which developed more completely and satisfactorily on the side of the "lower-case" than the capital letters; | [
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the "lower-case" being in fact invented in the early Middle Ages. | [
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The earliest book printed with movable type, the aforesaid Gutenberg Bible, is printed in letters which are an exact imitation | [
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... |
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