Allen172/LJSpeech1.1-mimi · Datasets at Hugging Face

filename stringlengths 14 14	transcription stringlengths 5 331	codes sequencelengths 8 8
LJ001-0001.wav	Printing, in the only sense with which we are at present concerned, differs from most if not from all the arts and crafts represented in the Exhibition	[ [ 1698, 1719, 204, 1389, 851, 1772, 186, 1307, 1895, 832, 1633, 771, 648, 1530, 1989, 1574, 1348, 722, 144, 1945, 278, 1109, 29, 611, 46, 622, 628, 1740, 572, 572, 345, 1989, 1676, ...
LJ001-0002.wav	in being comparatively modern.	[ [ 678, 1536, 362, 1057, 389, 1558, 1054, 985, 321, 1839, 902, 1389, 6, 483, 1003, 722, 49, 1407, 653, 283, 1655, 1287, 1120, 1793 ], [ 532, 190, 1875, 1875, 1394, 421, 190, 249, 13...
LJ001-0003.wav	For although the Chinese took impressions from wood blocks engraved in relief for centuries before the woodcutters of the Netherlands, by a similar process	[ [ 2018, 1184, 1992, 178, 455, 1386, 1627, 1612, 883, 1053, 188, 918, 761, 952, 110, 1067, 912, 1015, 1553, 1536, 985, 313, 263, 263, 1807, 2040, 133, 1157, 1931, 1549, 440, 440, 1452, ...
LJ001-0004.wav	produced the block books, which were the immediate predecessors of the true printed book,	[ [ 1698, 170, 54, 1063, 1274, 912, 1259, 1713, 366, 277, 1560, 447, 1188, 571, 571, 1015, 2033, 1602, 636, 797, 1728, 657, 478, 572, 1117, 1657, 1813, 1530, 1781, 1536, 351, 0, 1623, ...
LJ001-0005.wav	the invention of movable metal letters in the middle of the fifteenth century may justly be considered as the invention of the art of printing.	[ [ 1692, 113, 1385, 750, 1109, 443, 1517, 22, 410, 1264, 1722, 1258, 53, 922, 1823, 8, 1881, 1571, 1005, 349, 1026, 1984, 1235, 1655, 212, 1443, 1803, 648, 1686, 1214, 1994, 1005, 410, ...
LJ001-0006.wav	And it is worth mention in passing that, as an example of fine typography,	[ [ 799, 685, 1837, 1810, 579, 803, 1576, 913, 1454, 460, 73, 997, 168, 793, 193, 1881, 1109, 443, 1807, 1172, 125, 926, 985, 456, 456, 2027, 1215, 851, 1772, 186, 1162, 2034, 1814, ...
LJ001-0007.wav	the earliest book printed with movable types, the Gutenberg, or "forty-two line Bible" of about 1455,	[ [ 1692, 1733, 531, 531, 1939, 1567, 1929, 1228, 1238, 1309, 571, 571, 1015, 1327, 141, 980, 1997, 755, 1830, 1830, 622, 622, 628, 1264, 1258, 1258, 922, 1137, 1823, 578, 1081, 371, 527...
LJ001-0008.wav	has never been surpassed.	[ [ 1952, 1037, 888, 697, 812, 615, 155, 1921, 1921, 1299, 1134, 1393, 1910, 456, 1222, 1222, 1222, 280, 1566, 1658, 579, 797, 1793 ], [ 527, 1101, 164, 283, 1107, 632, 559, 1401, 1034, ...
LJ001-0009.wav	Printing, then, for our purpose, may be considered as the art of making books by means of movable types.	[ [ 1698, 1394, 268, 1389, 851, 617, 830, 228, 228, 1810, 872, 1416, 2043, 874, 1341, 1340, 1679, 1910, 313, 1997, 1295, 112, 910, 1566, 205, 797, 797, 1814, 1515, 1098, 1730, 1730, 2016...
LJ001-0010.wav	Now, as all books not primarily intended as picture-books consist principally of types composed to form letterpress,	[ [ 1116, 524, 495, 495, 860, 714, 1987, 1955, 1743, 716, 835, 1022, 1037, 102, 587, 178, 178, 455, 680, 571, 1015, 2033, 1602, 636, 675, 697, 1606, 837, 358, 313, 1370, 1548, 321, 1...
LJ001-0011.wav	it is of the first importance that the letter used should be fine in form;	[ [ 1182, 1454, 460, 1237, 597, 1552, 1721, 531, 159, 1615, 798, 985, 469, 1184, 67, 463, 150, 133, 205, 797, 797, 2039, 1968, 1836, 1294, 1713, 1026, 1984, 1235, 902, 1408, 1293, 70, ...
LJ001-0012.wav	especially as no more time is occupied, or cost incurred, in casting, setting, or printing beautiful letters	[ [ 1138, 1097, 1762, 1577, 263, 2020, 1939, 831, 705, 1733, 1022, 1037, 888, 224, 224, 690, 875, 967, 218, 538, 124, 1892, 460, 102, 1078, 1560, 468, 1043, 631, 1023, 839, 1628, 56, ...
LJ001-0013.wav	than in the same operations with ugly ones.	[ [ 1952, 317, 1948, 648, 1591, 1945, 1354, 921, 535, 1676, 254, 1295, 501, 501, 594, 1807, 2040, 46, 622, 628, 1943, 1943, 1939, 722, 392, 1069, 1663, 1680, 889, 1157, 205, 797, 710 ]...
LJ001-0014.wav	And it was a matter of course that in the Middle Ages, when the craftsmen took care that beautiful form should always be a part of their productions whatever they were,	[ [ 1049, 2035, 1377, 1777, 1872, 382, 382, 1237, 1881, 1899, 1564, 1765, 1767, 1265, 1252, 299, 731, 1894, 1566, 1602, 636, 1051, 1051, 749, 1821, 1479, 1047, 1686, 1214, 1994, 719, 560, ...
LJ001-0015.wav	the forms of printed letters should be beautiful, and that their arrangement on the page should be reasonable and a help to the shapeliness of the letters themselves.	[ [ 1698, 1641, 1406, 299, 1764, 1018, 2014, 1265, 313, 1997, 268, 6, 383, 1984, 1235, 212, 1443, 1602, 1414, 1545, 362, 362, 287, 1077, 1063, 1495, 917, 1525, 1137, 1358, 502, 978, 262,...
LJ001-0016.wav	The Middle Ages brought calligraphy to perfection, and it was natural therefore	[ [ 678, 1214, 1214, 1005, 1003, 560, 1230, 1178, 1451, 1012, 1276, 1960, 1960, 1654, 1705, 349, 755, 109, 1165, 121, 485, 1113, 1242, 285, 11, 654, 313, 1997, 1721, 1580, 1580, 1840, 18...
LJ001-0017.wav	that the forms of printed letters should follow more or less closely those of the written character, and they followed them very closely.	[ [ 799, 2012, 1918, 1552, 1406, 299, 731, 149, 2014, 1265, 313, 1997, 1389, 6, 862, 1136, 1235, 1655, 1443, 1326, 783, 1545, 1721, 408, 1991, 1484, 1348, 8, 690, 875, 875, 944, 1914, ...
LJ001-0018.wav	The first books were printed in black letter, i.e. the letter which was a Gothic development of the ancient Roman character,	[ [ 1698, 1641, 531, 159, 1615, 9, 680, 1015, 984, 984, 1657, 1910, 313, 202, 268, 6, 6, 95, 971, 680, 90, 101, 1445, 1428, 1984, 1235, 774, 774, 518, 1895, 312, 868, 323, 1140, ...
LJ001-0019.wav	and which developed more completely and satisfactorily on the side of the "lower-case" than the capital letters;	[ [ 1049, 2035, 1367, 1740, 572, 327, 479, 1324, 184, 1739, 260, 1339, 1264, 690, 875, 1705, 1054, 858, 1344, 96, 1412, 307, 831, 113, 1299, 1135, 1361, 1235, 80, 1762, 1768, 146, 238, ...
LJ001-0020.wav	the "lower-case" being in fact invented in the early Middle Ages.	[ [ 995, 1102, 1026, 383, 1782, 1519, 1253, 28, 1254, 560, 1877, 1472, 1602, 620, 1057, 1869, 1932, 1437, 1416, 1356, 101, 146, 238, 85, 926, 655, 750, 268, 6, 6, 1173, 1448, 465, 15...
LJ001-0021.wav	The earliest book printed with movable type, the aforesaid Gutenberg Bible, is printed in letters which are an exact imitation	[ [ 1692, 1989, 944, 874, 1567, 1816, 1228, 1756, 9, 571, 571, 1015, 1327, 1640, 313, 1719, 268, 6, 6, 622, 628, 740, 8, 1258, 711, 922, 1137, 1538, 1081, 371, 75, 1108, 1868, 803, ...
LJ001-0022.wav	of the more formal ecclesiastical writing which obtained at that time; this has since been called "missal type,"	[ [ 1698, 597, 1686, 690, 875, 1767, 1721, 1406, 1184, 1764, 1348, 1473, 920, 1705, 1252, 473, 475, 1790, 1929, 1384, 2027, 1215, 798, 1708, 1473, 526, 632, 1322, 1353, 1772, 186, 1895, ...
LJ001-0023.wav	and was in fact the kind of letter used in the many splendid missals, psalters, etc., produced by printing in the fifteenth century.	[ [ 1952, 1804, 997, 1096, 296, 988, 150, 1416, 1768, 1445, 238, 1039, 1483, 2045, 1697, 623, 918, 1347, 410, 1984, 263, 1124, 1293, 1293, 70, 1164, 1443, 1231, 648, 1047, 1686, 1214, 58...
LJ001-0024.wav	But the first Bible actually dated (which also was printed at Maintz by Peter Schoeffer in the year 1462)	[ [ 1027, 2012, 1713, 1721, 531, 159, 128, 1424, 985, 1944, 371, 1457, 711, 1473, 241, 1703, 146, 238, 227, 682, 1825, 722, 170, 251, 560, 1412, 6, 56, 56, 1895, 1607, 2039, 1968, 65...
LJ001-0025.wav	imitates a much freer hand, simpler, rounder, and less spiky, and therefore far pleasanter and easier to read.	[ [ 995, 958, 801, 1730, 111, 807, 501, 1877, 2033, 523, 431, 1407, 546, 327, 1721, 698, 1719, 1395, 1922, 1261, 225, 1903, 1837, 1810, 1680, 1640, 832, 1607, 1743, 48, 269, 1669, 733, ...
LJ001-0026.wav	On the whole the type of this book may be considered the ne-plus-ultra of Gothic type,	[ [ 108, 1239, 1348, 977, 907, 1896, 960, 960, 126, 1895, 486, 2039, 1168, 1971, 419, 578, 221, 124, 499, 1347, 597, 1277, 330, 794, 680, 571, 1015, 619, 863, 1730, 909, 362, 1194, 1...
LJ001-0027.wav	especially as regards the lower-case letters; and type very similar was used during the next fifteen or twenty years not only by Schoeffer,	[ [ 1138, 1967, 1762, 1577, 263, 2020, 307, 831, 1892, 73, 83, 325, 160, 114, 793, 1483, 1713, 349, 383, 1782, 944, 1253, 2046, 560, 743, 438, 1428, 1984, 1655, 774, 212, 1443, 636, ...
LJ001-0028.wav	but by printers in Strasburg, Basle, Paris, Lubeck, and other cities.	[ [ 1698, 2012, 223, 1695, 1639, 313, 1997, 268, 442, 442, 212, 1803, 1803, 1135, 1161, 1414, 1592, 1560, 1215, 1424, 531, 1702, 2009, 56, 1895, 312, 333, 1968, 657, 251, 560, 743, 1790,...
LJ001-0029.wav	But though on the whole, except in Italy, Gothic letter was most often used	[ [ 108, 196, 1338, 1039, 579, 797, 863, 246, 419, 1050, 89, 1729, 1675, 907, 907, 1896, 960, 1358, 126, 978, 1743, 716, 835, 1040, 1040, 930, 784, 85, 95, 125, 1781, 856, 732, 1003,...
LJ001-0030.wav	a very few years saw the birth of Roman character not only in Italy, but in Germany and France.	[ [ 1698, 1917, 1917, 1460, 530, 1721, 1721, 1077, 1063, 386, 1293, 69, 69, 1395, 1702, 1443, 1900, 1032, 269, 292, 653, 455, 1522, 1276, 531, 159, 193, 1347, 539, 1260, 536, 2003, 213, ...
LJ001-0031.wav	In 1465 Sweynheim and Pannartz began printing in the monastery of Subiaco near Rome,	[ [ 613, 1536, 1416, 1406, 1184, 793, 1207, 1113, 957, 1135, 1334, 2038, 1410, 471, 530, 1192, 1192, 839, 999, 1083, 1640, 832, 262, 663, 1544, 48, 269, 1161, 1609, 1808, 535, 813, 1792,...
LJ001-0032.wav	and used an exceedingly beautiful type, which is indeed to look at a transition between Gothic and Roman,	[ [ 678, 1879, 557, 1063, 1274, 1790, 1803, 1369, 1040, 1945, 1945, 1359, 1623, 1932, 1567, 831, 722, 1309, 1077, 1063, 1495, 917, 1137, 1823, 1538, 1081, 218, 1322, 1108, 1868, 1640, 312, ...
LJ001-0033.wav	but which must certainly have come from the study of the twelfth or even the eleventh century MSS.	[ [ 1698, 1249, 1918, 1117, 572, 572, 327, 1264, 1409, 744, 1756, 1756, 1245, 1393, 1393, 463, 463, 1567, 831, 1010, 1849, 1705, 298, 298, 1729, 1549, 440, 440, 1591, 1967, 1161, 833, 12...
LJ001-0034.wav	They printed very few books in this type, three only; but in their very first books in Rome, beginning with the year 1468,	[ [ 613, 223, 313, 1997, 268, 1389, 6, 655, 1917, 1917, 1460, 530, 485, 1077, 887, 680, 571, 1015, 2033, 1803, 926, 1277, 330, 1967, 218, 218, 538, 527, 1868, 1640, 832, 262, 663, 38...
LJ001-0035.wav	they discarded this for a more completely Roman and far less beautiful letter.	[ [ 613, 170, 1830, 1701, 1424, 570, 114, 1610, 1373, 6, 1786, 1277, 910, 1157, 591, 1406, 2043, 874, 8, 690, 875, 1253, 1054, 985, 858, 1344, 96, 307, 722, 1470, 526, 1260, 536, 200...
LJ001-0036.wav	But about the same year Mentelin at Strasburg began to print in a type which is distinctly Roman;	[ [ 108, 145, 1338, 579, 797, 365, 1028, 1156, 1266, 248, 834, 355, 1918, 1967, 1945, 1354, 921, 957, 1293, 69, 69, 1395, 1702, 1677, 518, 1895, 1607, 1607, 657, 7, 1214, 1109, 268, ...
LJ001-0037.wav	and the next year Gunther Zeiner at Augsburg followed suit;	[ [ 678, 1539, 1539, 62, 2038, 984, 912, 1293, 69, 1395, 1677, 1020, 1895, 832, 1968, 1968, 7, 160, 772, 880, 1124, 1624, 199, 199, 673, 188, 610, 774, 1677, 845, 1022, 1862, 1992, 1...
LJ001-0038.wav	while in 1470 at Paris Udalric Gering and his associates turned out the first books printed in France, also in Roman character.	[ [ 108, 371, 826, 1998, 1416, 1406, 1184, 793, 11, 1113, 957, 1135, 1945, 1374, 1374, 268, 1207, 1229, 1966, 1862, 1255, 1343, 456, 1839, 1839, 112, 1566, 205, 797, 797, 2039, 1619, 110...
LJ001-0039.wav	The Roman type of all these printers is similar in character,	[ [ 1698, 539, 1725, 1782, 2003, 213, 994, 603, 1081, 371, 527, 619, 1640, 832, 1696, 1930, 1774, 178, 455, 1513, 475, 1562, 794, 1997, 1109, 268, 212, 1443, 1067, 828, 1967, 1945, 766, ...
LJ001-0040.wav	and is very simple and legible, and unaffectedly designed for use; but it is by no means without beauty.	[ [ 799, 1903, 873, 993, 460, 460, 1012, 1917, 1460, 1460, 144, 1945, 1334, 733, 1490, 1473, 126, 1537, 845, 337, 1377, 383, 854, 1178, 1178, 922, 1137, 1358, 1537, 832, 1743, 716, 855, ...
LJ001-0041.wav	It must be said that it is in no way like the transition type of Subiaco,	[ [ 613, 856, 1011, 1409, 1215, 794, 362, 144, 278, 1361, 1197, 643, 1020, 1895, 1028, 1968, 1836, 1051, 1454, 1454, 607, 460, 828, 1479, 1536, 103, 697, 224, 1348, 1609, 1575, 1828, 862...
LJ001-0042.wav	and though more Roman than that, yet scarcely more like the complete Roman type of the earliest printers of Rome.	[ [ 799, 1539, 1786, 1386, 1348, 690, 875, 505, 539, 1260, 536, 2003, 213, 1786, 1497, 1385, 585, 816, 550, 671, 1039, 1640, 312, 356, 657, 1633, 314, 749, 561, 1945, 1927, 321, 1440, ...
LJ001-0043.wav	A further development of the Roman letter took place at Venice.	[ [ 1698, 1641, 698, 616, 514, 1655, 479, 479, 1417, 184, 1739, 1011, 1531, 268, 1347, 597, 17, 526, 1260, 536, 2003, 877, 1984, 1571, 774, 1677, 518, 1895, 832, 262, 716, 664, 1015, ...
LJ001-0044.wav	John of Spires and his brother Vindelin, followed by Nicholas Jenson, began to print in that city,	[ [ 61, 196, 1597, 1729, 22, 1273, 1945, 334, 1991, 371, 75, 774, 212, 1443, 1803, 300, 482, 1125, 1012, 9, 1276, 1943, 514, 155, 655, 202, 544, 349, 1939, 97, 150, 1852, 1307, 486, ...
LJ001-0045.wav	1469, 1470;	[ [ 2018, 67, 1886, 1207, 1113, 274, 611, 1134, 2038, 2038, 1410, 1113, 885, 104, 157, 839, 1371, 1289, 1307, 832, 1607, 48, 1406, 1184, 967, 603, 1207, 1113, 957, 1135, 278, 1374, 1374,...
LJ001-0046.wav	their type is on the lines of the German and French rather than of the Roman printers.	[ [ 613, 1917, 1440, 967, 1081, 371, 1322, 1868, 548, 1211, 641, 1774, 1902, 1047, 383, 89, 157, 999, 957, 2014, 597, 1713, 1573, 908, 531, 616, 2003, 1948, 1948, 268, 1882, 1721, 1596, ...
LJ001-0047.wav	Of Jenson it must be said that he carried the development of Roman type as far as it can go:	[ [ 108, 1974, 597, 908, 1041, 1109, 29, 1534, 150, 1948, 856, 1011, 1409, 540, 1424, 362, 144, 1134, 278, 1197, 643, 56, 394, 486, 1968, 1098, 1612, 1169, 1169, 28, 1254, 321, 1839, ...
LJ001-0048.wav	his letter is admirably clear and regular, but at least as beautiful as any other Roman type.	[ [ 1138, 460, 1428, 1984, 1235, 1655, 1405, 607, 460, 102, 1508, 1421, 551, 1644, 1405, 922, 922, 831, 831, 1252, 1344, 96, 1395, 774, 1014, 1471, 300, 539, 526, 1146, 1622, 1939, 2036,...
LJ001-0049.wav	After his death in the "fourteen eighties," or at least by 1490, printing in Venice had declined very much;	[ [ 799, 773, 773, 1124, 1922, 1125, 1125, 1751, 201, 529, 10, 1951, 1803, 1047, 1552, 1525, 1184, 67, 603, 1207, 1113, 957, 1781, 1516, 1230, 471, 952, 110, 1067, 1900, 797, 486, 311, ...
LJ001-0050.wav	and though the famous family of Aldus restored its technical excellence, rejecting battered letters,	[ [ 799, 685, 993, 1259, 414, 1766, 246, 1386, 1627, 1552, 1721, 1356, 921, 535, 1228, 1615, 794, 1768, 776, 264, 1567, 1229, 705, 1989, 986, 1992, 178, 178, 1107, 479, 910, 1566, 1602, ...
LJ001-0051.wav	and paying great attention to the "press work" or actual process of printing,	[ [ 799, 1209, 1377, 1259, 574, 251, 921, 1932, 109, 1670, 1670, 1412, 111, 578, 1109, 443, 1807, 1172, 1143, 1066, 272, 366, 313, 1997, 1571, 1424, 1117, 168, 1034, 1327, 803, 486, 1728...
LJ001-0052.wav	yet their type is artistically on a much lower level than Jenson's, and in fact	[ [ 143, 314, 10, 749, 1255, 1746, 12, 967, 1081, 371, 1322, 1043, 460, 42, 513, 967, 603, 1985, 1615, 981, 1708, 307, 722, 983, 117, 8, 1407, 1741, 327, 1428, 383, 1782, 731, 2036, ...
LJ001-0053.wav	they must be considered to have ended the age of fine printing in Italy.	[ [ 613, 1144, 49, 540, 1615, 9, 362, 1194, 1054, 1135, 1134, 1334, 1655, 1655, 2009, 56, 486, 486, 1968, 657, 990, 1488, 376, 1085, 130, 1465, 1256, 544, 6, 1378, 1513, 1966, 560, 5...
LJ001-0054.wav	Jenson, however, had many contemporaries who used beautiful type,	[ [ 61, 1041, 1256, 611, 1534, 150, 813, 1848, 1586, 812, 812, 774, 1677, 518, 394, 2039, 1515, 2022, 1010, 237, 1011, 1881, 584, 471, 1054, 1054, 994, 847, 733, 1295, 1765, 1839, 902, ...
LJ001-0055.wav	some of which -- as, e.g., that of Jacobus Rubeus or Jacques le Rouge -- is scarcely distinguishable from his.	[ [ 472, 1506, 1052, 1052, 410, 410, 1609, 1065, 1065, 1336, 1336, 1259, 1703, 685, 1372, 59, 1067, 1320, 1320, 1196, 2032, 2011, 1333, 908, 952, 1242, 418, 1051, 1051, 1643, 410, 1265, ...
LJ001-0056.wav	It was these great Venetian printers, together with their brethren of Rome, Milan,	[ [ 1182, 1578, 1001, 382, 1251, 1513, 1869, 110, 1012, 573, 109, 1670, 1670, 1106, 1309, 655, 202, 761, 191, 783, 1517, 213, 313, 1997, 268, 268, 774, 1443, 1157, 912, 284, 206, 1943, ...
LJ001-0057.wav	Parma, and one or two other cities, who produced the splendid editions of the Classics, which are one of the great glories of the printer's art,	[ [ 108, 196, 1644, 429, 1841, 562, 1537, 1895, 1703, 864, 1377, 662, 1404, 1620, 1253, 967, 990, 654, 1943, 514, 1858, 55, 1334, 1994, 1229, 110, 1067, 636, 797, 312, 1814, 323, 660, ...
LJ001-0058.wav	and are worthy representatives of the eager enthusiasm for the revived learning of that epoch. By far,	[ [ 799, 1367, 513, 505, 539, 168, 616, 215, 1470, 526, 784, 1295, 951, 252, 1235, 1389, 1389, 6, 1432, 2033, 1602, 636, 797, 1411, 597, 1513, 1530, 2032, 96, 245, 1405, 823, 213, 14...
LJ001-0059.wav	the greater part of these Italian printers, it should be mentioned, were Germans or Frenchmen, working under the influence of Italian opinion and aims.	[ [ 995, 109, 1670, 1891, 1124, 1910, 1056, 114, 1610, 1039, 1259, 410, 597, 1513, 475, 988, 111, 603, 847, 1341, 1998, 113, 985, 313, 1997, 268, 442, 212, 1443, 636, 797, 797, 1607, ...
LJ001-0060.wav	It must be understood that through the whole of the fifteenth and the first quarter of the sixteenth centuries	[ [ 613, 352, 925, 1409, 1215, 794, 1057, 1989, 983, 294, 55, 1762, 1853, 1853, 643, 56, 1895, 1607, 1743, 1656, 1051, 749, 1255, 1255, 1526, 1787, 1075, 272, 977, 907, 1896, 1896, 383, ...
LJ001-0061.wav	the Roman letter was used side by side with the Gothic.	[ [ 1698, 526, 1725, 1399, 2003, 877, 1026, 1984, 1655, 774, 1679, 572, 382, 1092, 386, 1063, 1274, 1562, 2026, 1945, 1506, 371, 1467, 1695, 1695, 1959, 1532, 1506, 1477, 839, 1628, 1187, ...
LJ001-0062.wav	Even in Italy most of the theological and law books were printed in Gothic letter,	[ [ 1692, 1978, 1383, 1948, 926, 125, 1781, 856, 1939, 1825, 705, 582, 832, 1607, 1743, 7, 1883, 1722, 1650, 1615, 1347, 597, 1552, 1356, 485, 1296, 1914, 277, 283, 1741, 981, 1708, 1473...
LJ001-0063.wav	which was generally more formally Gothic than the printing of the German workmen,	[ [ 995, 572, 1001, 382, 2026, 1041, 1041, 132, 1005, 1825, 722, 8, 690, 875, 1721, 1721, 299, 1184, 1348, 1939, 831, 1194, 160, 1477, 1560, 917, 981, 1327, 1640, 312, 868, 868, 657, ...

LJ001-0001.wav

Printing, in the only sense with which we are at present concerned, differs from most if not from all the arts and crafts represented in the Exhibition

[ [ 1698, 1719, 204, 1389, 851, 1772, 186, 1307, 1895, 832, 1633, 771, 648, 1530, 1989, 1574, 1348, 722, 144, 1945, 278, 1109, 29, 611, 46, 622, 628, 1740, 572, 572, 345, 1989, 1676, ...

LJ001-0002.wav

in being comparatively modern.

[ [ 678, 1536, 362, 1057, 389, 1558, 1054, 985, 321, 1839, 902, 1389, 6, 483, 1003, 722, 49, 1407, 653, 283, 1655, 1287, 1120, 1793 ], [ 532, 190, 1875, 1875, 1394, 421, 190, 249, 13...

LJ001-0003.wav

For although the Chinese took impressions from wood blocks engraved in relief for centuries before the woodcutters of the Netherlands, by a similar process

[ [ 2018, 1184, 1992, 178, 455, 1386, 1627, 1612, 883, 1053, 188, 918, 761, 952, 110, 1067, 912, 1015, 1553, 1536, 985, 313, 263, 263, 1807, 2040, 133, 1157, 1931, 1549, 440, 440, 1452, ...

LJ001-0004.wav

produced the block books, which were the immediate predecessors of the true printed book,

[ [ 1698, 170, 54, 1063, 1274, 912, 1259, 1713, 366, 277, 1560, 447, 1188, 571, 571, 1015, 2033, 1602, 636, 797, 1728, 657, 478, 572, 1117, 1657, 1813, 1530, 1781, 1536, 351, 0, 1623, ...

LJ001-0005.wav

the invention of movable metal letters in the middle of the fifteenth century may justly be considered as the invention of the art of printing.

[ [ 1692, 113, 1385, 750, 1109, 443, 1517, 22, 410, 1264, 1722, 1258, 53, 922, 1823, 8, 1881, 1571, 1005, 349, 1026, 1984, 1235, 1655, 212, 1443, 1803, 648, 1686, 1214, 1994, 1005, 410, ...

LJ001-0006.wav

And it is worth mention in passing that, as an example of fine typography,

[ [ 799, 685, 1837, 1810, 579, 803, 1576, 913, 1454, 460, 73, 997, 168, 793, 193, 1881, 1109, 443, 1807, 1172, 125, 926, 985, 456, 456, 2027, 1215, 851, 1772, 186, 1162, 2034, 1814, ...

LJ001-0007.wav

the earliest book printed with movable types, the Gutenberg, or "forty-two line Bible" of about 1455,

[ [ 1692, 1733, 531, 531, 1939, 1567, 1929, 1228, 1238, 1309, 571, 571, 1015, 1327, 141, 980, 1997, 755, 1830, 1830, 622, 622, 628, 1264, 1258, 1258, 922, 1137, 1823, 578, 1081, 371, 527...

LJ001-0008.wav

has never been surpassed.

[ [ 1952, 1037, 888, 697, 812, 615, 155, 1921, 1921, 1299, 1134, 1393, 1910, 456, 1222, 1222, 1222, 280, 1566, 1658, 579, 797, 1793 ], [ 527, 1101, 164, 283, 1107, 632, 559, 1401, 1034, ...

LJ001-0009.wav

Printing, then, for our purpose, may be considered as the art of making books by means of movable types.

[ [ 1698, 1394, 268, 1389, 851, 617, 830, 228, 228, 1810, 872, 1416, 2043, 874, 1341, 1340, 1679, 1910, 313, 1997, 1295, 112, 910, 1566, 205, 797, 797, 1814, 1515, 1098, 1730, 1730, 2016...

LJ001-0010.wav

Now, as all books not primarily intended as picture-books consist principally of types composed to form letterpress,

[ [ 1116, 524, 495, 495, 860, 714, 1987, 1955, 1743, 716, 835, 1022, 1037, 102, 587, 178, 178, 455, 680, 571, 1015, 2033, 1602, 636, 675, 697, 1606, 837, 358, 313, 1370, 1548, 321, 1...

LJ001-0011.wav

it is of the first importance that the letter used should be fine in form;

[ [ 1182, 1454, 460, 1237, 597, 1552, 1721, 531, 159, 1615, 798, 985, 469, 1184, 67, 463, 150, 133, 205, 797, 797, 2039, 1968, 1836, 1294, 1713, 1026, 1984, 1235, 902, 1408, 1293, 70, ...

LJ001-0012.wav

especially as no more time is occupied, or cost incurred, in casting, setting, or printing beautiful letters

[ [ 1138, 1097, 1762, 1577, 263, 2020, 1939, 831, 705, 1733, 1022, 1037, 888, 224, 224, 690, 875, 967, 218, 538, 124, 1892, 460, 102, 1078, 1560, 468, 1043, 631, 1023, 839, 1628, 56, ...

LJ001-0013.wav

than in the same operations with ugly ones.

[ [ 1952, 317, 1948, 648, 1591, 1945, 1354, 921, 535, 1676, 254, 1295, 501, 501, 594, 1807, 2040, 46, 622, 628, 1943, 1943, 1939, 722, 392, 1069, 1663, 1680, 889, 1157, 205, 797, 710 ]...

LJ001-0014.wav

And it was a matter of course that in the Middle Ages, when the craftsmen took care that beautiful form should always be a part of their productions whatever they were,

[ [ 1049, 2035, 1377, 1777, 1872, 382, 382, 1237, 1881, 1899, 1564, 1765, 1767, 1265, 1252, 299, 731, 1894, 1566, 1602, 636, 1051, 1051, 749, 1821, 1479, 1047, 1686, 1214, 1994, 719, 560, ...

LJ001-0015.wav

the forms of printed letters should be beautiful, and that their arrangement on the page should be reasonable and a help to the shapeliness of the letters themselves.

[ [ 1698, 1641, 1406, 299, 1764, 1018, 2014, 1265, 313, 1997, 268, 6, 383, 1984, 1235, 212, 1443, 1602, 1414, 1545, 362, 362, 287, 1077, 1063, 1495, 917, 1525, 1137, 1358, 502, 978, 262,...

LJ001-0016.wav

The Middle Ages brought calligraphy to perfection, and it was natural therefore

[ [ 678, 1214, 1214, 1005, 1003, 560, 1230, 1178, 1451, 1012, 1276, 1960, 1960, 1654, 1705, 349, 755, 109, 1165, 121, 485, 1113, 1242, 285, 11, 654, 313, 1997, 1721, 1580, 1580, 1840, 18...

LJ001-0017.wav

that the forms of printed letters should follow more or less closely those of the written character, and they followed them very closely.

[ [ 799, 2012, 1918, 1552, 1406, 299, 731, 149, 2014, 1265, 313, 1997, 1389, 6, 862, 1136, 1235, 1655, 1443, 1326, 783, 1545, 1721, 408, 1991, 1484, 1348, 8, 690, 875, 875, 944, 1914, ...

LJ001-0018.wav

The first books were printed in black letter, i.e. the letter which was a Gothic development of the ancient Roman character,

[ [ 1698, 1641, 531, 159, 1615, 9, 680, 1015, 984, 984, 1657, 1910, 313, 202, 268, 6, 6, 95, 971, 680, 90, 101, 1445, 1428, 1984, 1235, 774, 774, 518, 1895, 312, 868, 323, 1140, ...

LJ001-0019.wav

and which developed more completely and satisfactorily on the side of the "lower-case" than the capital letters;

[ [ 1049, 2035, 1367, 1740, 572, 327, 479, 1324, 184, 1739, 260, 1339, 1264, 690, 875, 1705, 1054, 858, 1344, 96, 1412, 307, 831, 113, 1299, 1135, 1361, 1235, 80, 1762, 1768, 146, 238, ...

LJ001-0020.wav

the "lower-case" being in fact invented in the early Middle Ages.

[ [ 995, 1102, 1026, 383, 1782, 1519, 1253, 28, 1254, 560, 1877, 1472, 1602, 620, 1057, 1869, 1932, 1437, 1416, 1356, 101, 146, 238, 85, 926, 655, 750, 268, 6, 6, 1173, 1448, 465, 15...

LJ001-0021.wav

The earliest book printed with movable type, the aforesaid Gutenberg Bible, is printed in letters which are an exact imitation

[ [ 1692, 1989, 944, 874, 1567, 1816, 1228, 1756, 9, 571, 571, 1015, 1327, 1640, 313, 1719, 268, 6, 6, 622, 628, 740, 8, 1258, 711, 922, 1137, 1538, 1081, 371, 75, 1108, 1868, 803, ...

LJ001-0022.wav

of the more formal ecclesiastical writing which obtained at that time; this has since been called "missal type,"

[ [ 1698, 597, 1686, 690, 875, 1767, 1721, 1406, 1184, 1764, 1348, 1473, 920, 1705, 1252, 473, 475, 1790, 1929, 1384, 2027, 1215, 798, 1708, 1473, 526, 632, 1322, 1353, 1772, 186, 1895, ...

LJ001-0023.wav

and was in fact the kind of letter used in the many splendid missals, psalters, etc., produced by printing in the fifteenth century.

[ [ 1952, 1804, 997, 1096, 296, 988, 150, 1416, 1768, 1445, 238, 1039, 1483, 2045, 1697, 623, 918, 1347, 410, 1984, 263, 1124, 1293, 1293, 70, 1164, 1443, 1231, 648, 1047, 1686, 1214, 58...

LJ001-0024.wav

But the first Bible actually dated (which also was printed at Maintz by Peter Schoeffer in the year 1462)

[ [ 1027, 2012, 1713, 1721, 531, 159, 128, 1424, 985, 1944, 371, 1457, 711, 1473, 241, 1703, 146, 238, 227, 682, 1825, 722, 170, 251, 560, 1412, 6, 56, 56, 1895, 1607, 2039, 1968, 65...

LJ001-0025.wav

imitates a much freer hand, simpler, rounder, and less spiky, and therefore far pleasanter and easier to read.

[ [ 995, 958, 801, 1730, 111, 807, 501, 1877, 2033, 523, 431, 1407, 546, 327, 1721, 698, 1719, 1395, 1922, 1261, 225, 1903, 1837, 1810, 1680, 1640, 832, 1607, 1743, 48, 269, 1669, 733, ...

LJ001-0026.wav

On the whole the type of this book may be considered the ne-plus-ultra of Gothic type,

[ [ 108, 1239, 1348, 977, 907, 1896, 960, 960, 126, 1895, 486, 2039, 1168, 1971, 419, 578, 221, 124, 499, 1347, 597, 1277, 330, 794, 680, 571, 1015, 619, 863, 1730, 909, 362, 1194, 1...

LJ001-0027.wav

especially as regards the lower-case letters; and type very similar was used during the next fifteen or twenty years not only by Schoeffer,

[ [ 1138, 1967, 1762, 1577, 263, 2020, 307, 831, 1892, 73, 83, 325, 160, 114, 793, 1483, 1713, 349, 383, 1782, 944, 1253, 2046, 560, 743, 438, 1428, 1984, 1655, 774, 212, 1443, 636, ...

LJ001-0028.wav

but by printers in Strasburg, Basle, Paris, Lubeck, and other cities.

[ [ 1698, 2012, 223, 1695, 1639, 313, 1997, 268, 442, 442, 212, 1803, 1803, 1135, 1161, 1414, 1592, 1560, 1215, 1424, 531, 1702, 2009, 56, 1895, 312, 333, 1968, 657, 251, 560, 743, 1790,...

LJ001-0029.wav

But though on the whole, except in Italy, Gothic letter was most often used

[ [ 108, 196, 1338, 1039, 579, 797, 863, 246, 419, 1050, 89, 1729, 1675, 907, 907, 1896, 960, 1358, 126, 978, 1743, 716, 835, 1040, 1040, 930, 784, 85, 95, 125, 1781, 856, 732, 1003,...

LJ001-0030.wav

a very few years saw the birth of Roman character not only in Italy, but in Germany and France.

[ [ 1698, 1917, 1917, 1460, 530, 1721, 1721, 1077, 1063, 386, 1293, 69, 69, 1395, 1702, 1443, 1900, 1032, 269, 292, 653, 455, 1522, 1276, 531, 159, 193, 1347, 539, 1260, 536, 2003, 213, ...

LJ001-0031.wav

In 1465 Sweynheim and Pannartz began printing in the monastery of Subiaco near Rome,

[ [ 613, 1536, 1416, 1406, 1184, 793, 1207, 1113, 957, 1135, 1334, 2038, 1410, 471, 530, 1192, 1192, 839, 999, 1083, 1640, 832, 262, 663, 1544, 48, 269, 1161, 1609, 1808, 535, 813, 1792,...

LJ001-0032.wav

and used an exceedingly beautiful type, which is indeed to look at a transition between Gothic and Roman,

[ [ 678, 1879, 557, 1063, 1274, 1790, 1803, 1369, 1040, 1945, 1945, 1359, 1623, 1932, 1567, 831, 722, 1309, 1077, 1063, 1495, 917, 1137, 1823, 1538, 1081, 218, 1322, 1108, 1868, 1640, 312, ...

LJ001-0033.wav

but which must certainly have come from the study of the twelfth or even the eleventh century MSS.

[ [ 1698, 1249, 1918, 1117, 572, 572, 327, 1264, 1409, 744, 1756, 1756, 1245, 1393, 1393, 463, 463, 1567, 831, 1010, 1849, 1705, 298, 298, 1729, 1549, 440, 440, 1591, 1967, 1161, 833, 12...

LJ001-0034.wav

They printed very few books in this type, three only; but in their very first books in Rome, beginning with the year 1468,

[ [ 613, 223, 313, 1997, 268, 1389, 6, 655, 1917, 1917, 1460, 530, 485, 1077, 887, 680, 571, 1015, 2033, 1803, 926, 1277, 330, 1967, 218, 218, 538, 527, 1868, 1640, 832, 262, 663, 38...

LJ001-0035.wav

they discarded this for a more completely Roman and far less beautiful letter.

[ [ 613, 170, 1830, 1701, 1424, 570, 114, 1610, 1373, 6, 1786, 1277, 910, 1157, 591, 1406, 2043, 874, 8, 690, 875, 1253, 1054, 985, 858, 1344, 96, 307, 722, 1470, 526, 1260, 536, 200...

LJ001-0036.wav

But about the same year Mentelin at Strasburg began to print in a type which is distinctly Roman;

[ [ 108, 145, 1338, 579, 797, 365, 1028, 1156, 1266, 248, 834, 355, 1918, 1967, 1945, 1354, 921, 957, 1293, 69, 69, 1395, 1702, 1677, 518, 1895, 1607, 1607, 657, 7, 1214, 1109, 268, ...

LJ001-0037.wav

and the next year Gunther Zeiner at Augsburg followed suit;

[ [ 678, 1539, 1539, 62, 2038, 984, 912, 1293, 69, 1395, 1677, 1020, 1895, 832, 1968, 1968, 7, 160, 772, 880, 1124, 1624, 199, 199, 673, 188, 610, 774, 1677, 845, 1022, 1862, 1992, 1...

LJ001-0038.wav

while in 1470 at Paris Udalric Gering and his associates turned out the first books printed in France, also in Roman character.

[ [ 108, 371, 826, 1998, 1416, 1406, 1184, 793, 11, 1113, 957, 1135, 1945, 1374, 1374, 268, 1207, 1229, 1966, 1862, 1255, 1343, 456, 1839, 1839, 112, 1566, 205, 797, 797, 2039, 1619, 110...

LJ001-0039.wav

The Roman type of all these printers is similar in character,

[ [ 1698, 539, 1725, 1782, 2003, 213, 994, 603, 1081, 371, 527, 619, 1640, 832, 1696, 1930, 1774, 178, 455, 1513, 475, 1562, 794, 1997, 1109, 268, 212, 1443, 1067, 828, 1967, 1945, 766, ...

LJ001-0040.wav

and is very simple and legible, and unaffectedly designed for use; but it is by no means without beauty.

[ [ 799, 1903, 873, 993, 460, 460, 1012, 1917, 1460, 1460, 144, 1945, 1334, 733, 1490, 1473, 126, 1537, 845, 337, 1377, 383, 854, 1178, 1178, 922, 1137, 1358, 1537, 832, 1743, 716, 855, ...

LJ001-0041.wav

It must be said that it is in no way like the transition type of Subiaco,

[ [ 613, 856, 1011, 1409, 1215, 794, 362, 144, 278, 1361, 1197, 643, 1020, 1895, 1028, 1968, 1836, 1051, 1454, 1454, 607, 460, 828, 1479, 1536, 103, 697, 224, 1348, 1609, 1575, 1828, 862...

LJ001-0042.wav

and though more Roman than that, yet scarcely more like the complete Roman type of the earliest printers of Rome.

[ [ 799, 1539, 1786, 1386, 1348, 690, 875, 505, 539, 1260, 536, 2003, 213, 1786, 1497, 1385, 585, 816, 550, 671, 1039, 1640, 312, 356, 657, 1633, 314, 749, 561, 1945, 1927, 321, 1440, ...

LJ001-0043.wav

A further development of the Roman letter took place at Venice.

[ [ 1698, 1641, 698, 616, 514, 1655, 479, 479, 1417, 184, 1739, 1011, 1531, 268, 1347, 597, 17, 526, 1260, 536, 2003, 877, 1984, 1571, 774, 1677, 518, 1895, 832, 262, 716, 664, 1015, ...

LJ001-0044.wav

John of Spires and his brother Vindelin, followed by Nicholas Jenson, began to print in that city,

[ [ 61, 196, 1597, 1729, 22, 1273, 1945, 334, 1991, 371, 75, 774, 212, 1443, 1803, 300, 482, 1125, 1012, 9, 1276, 1943, 514, 155, 655, 202, 544, 349, 1939, 97, 150, 1852, 1307, 486, ...

LJ001-0045.wav

1469, 1470;

[ [ 2018, 67, 1886, 1207, 1113, 274, 611, 1134, 2038, 2038, 1410, 1113, 885, 104, 157, 839, 1371, 1289, 1307, 832, 1607, 48, 1406, 1184, 967, 603, 1207, 1113, 957, 1135, 278, 1374, 1374,...

LJ001-0046.wav

their type is on the lines of the German and French rather than of the Roman printers.

[ [ 613, 1917, 1440, 967, 1081, 371, 1322, 1868, 548, 1211, 641, 1774, 1902, 1047, 383, 89, 157, 999, 957, 2014, 597, 1713, 1573, 908, 531, 616, 2003, 1948, 1948, 268, 1882, 1721, 1596, ...

LJ001-0047.wav

Of Jenson it must be said that he carried the development of Roman type as far as it can go:

[ [ 108, 1974, 597, 908, 1041, 1109, 29, 1534, 150, 1948, 856, 1011, 1409, 540, 1424, 362, 144, 1134, 278, 1197, 643, 56, 394, 486, 1968, 1098, 1612, 1169, 1169, 28, 1254, 321, 1839, ...

LJ001-0048.wav

his letter is admirably clear and regular, but at least as beautiful as any other Roman type.

[ [ 1138, 460, 1428, 1984, 1235, 1655, 1405, 607, 460, 102, 1508, 1421, 551, 1644, 1405, 922, 922, 831, 831, 1252, 1344, 96, 1395, 774, 1014, 1471, 300, 539, 526, 1146, 1622, 1939, 2036,...

LJ001-0049.wav

After his death in the "fourteen eighties," or at least by 1490, printing in Venice had declined very much;

[ [ 799, 773, 773, 1124, 1922, 1125, 1125, 1751, 201, 529, 10, 1951, 1803, 1047, 1552, 1525, 1184, 67, 603, 1207, 1113, 957, 1781, 1516, 1230, 471, 952, 110, 1067, 1900, 797, 486, 311, ...

LJ001-0050.wav

and though the famous family of Aldus restored its technical excellence, rejecting battered letters,

[ [ 799, 685, 993, 1259, 414, 1766, 246, 1386, 1627, 1552, 1721, 1356, 921, 535, 1228, 1615, 794, 1768, 776, 264, 1567, 1229, 705, 1989, 986, 1992, 178, 178, 1107, 479, 910, 1566, 1602, ...

LJ001-0051.wav

and paying great attention to the "press work" or actual process of printing,

[ [ 799, 1209, 1377, 1259, 574, 251, 921, 1932, 109, 1670, 1670, 1412, 111, 578, 1109, 443, 1807, 1172, 1143, 1066, 272, 366, 313, 1997, 1571, 1424, 1117, 168, 1034, 1327, 803, 486, 1728...

LJ001-0052.wav

yet their type is artistically on a much lower level than Jenson's, and in fact

[ [ 143, 314, 10, 749, 1255, 1746, 12, 967, 1081, 371, 1322, 1043, 460, 42, 513, 967, 603, 1985, 1615, 981, 1708, 307, 722, 983, 117, 8, 1407, 1741, 327, 1428, 383, 1782, 731, 2036, ...

LJ001-0053.wav

they must be considered to have ended the age of fine printing in Italy.

[ [ 613, 1144, 49, 540, 1615, 9, 362, 1194, 1054, 1135, 1134, 1334, 1655, 1655, 2009, 56, 486, 486, 1968, 657, 990, 1488, 376, 1085, 130, 1465, 1256, 544, 6, 1378, 1513, 1966, 560, 5...

LJ001-0054.wav

Jenson, however, had many contemporaries who used beautiful type,

[ [ 61, 1041, 1256, 611, 1534, 150, 813, 1848, 1586, 812, 812, 774, 1677, 518, 394, 2039, 1515, 2022, 1010, 237, 1011, 1881, 584, 471, 1054, 1054, 994, 847, 733, 1295, 1765, 1839, 902, ...

LJ001-0055.wav

some of which -- as, e.g., that of Jacobus Rubeus or Jacques le Rouge -- is scarcely distinguishable from his.

[ [ 472, 1506, 1052, 1052, 410, 410, 1609, 1065, 1065, 1336, 1336, 1259, 1703, 685, 1372, 59, 1067, 1320, 1320, 1196, 2032, 2011, 1333, 908, 952, 1242, 418, 1051, 1051, 1643, 410, 1265, ...

LJ001-0056.wav

It was these great Venetian printers, together with their brethren of Rome, Milan,

[ [ 1182, 1578, 1001, 382, 1251, 1513, 1869, 110, 1012, 573, 109, 1670, 1670, 1106, 1309, 655, 202, 761, 191, 783, 1517, 213, 313, 1997, 268, 268, 774, 1443, 1157, 912, 284, 206, 1943, ...

LJ001-0057.wav

Parma, and one or two other cities, who produced the splendid editions of the Classics, which are one of the great glories of the printer's art,

[ [ 108, 196, 1644, 429, 1841, 562, 1537, 1895, 1703, 864, 1377, 662, 1404, 1620, 1253, 967, 990, 654, 1943, 514, 1858, 55, 1334, 1994, 1229, 110, 1067, 636, 797, 312, 1814, 323, 660, ...

LJ001-0058.wav

and are worthy representatives of the eager enthusiasm for the revived learning of that epoch. By far,

[ [ 799, 1367, 513, 505, 539, 168, 616, 215, 1470, 526, 784, 1295, 951, 252, 1235, 1389, 1389, 6, 1432, 2033, 1602, 636, 797, 1411, 597, 1513, 1530, 2032, 96, 245, 1405, 823, 213, 14...

LJ001-0059.wav

the greater part of these Italian printers, it should be mentioned, were Germans or Frenchmen, working under the influence of Italian opinion and aims.

[ [ 995, 109, 1670, 1891, 1124, 1910, 1056, 114, 1610, 1039, 1259, 410, 597, 1513, 475, 988, 111, 603, 847, 1341, 1998, 113, 985, 313, 1997, 268, 442, 212, 1443, 636, 797, 797, 1607, ...

LJ001-0060.wav

It must be understood that through the whole of the fifteenth and the first quarter of the sixteenth centuries

[ [ 613, 352, 925, 1409, 1215, 794, 1057, 1989, 983, 294, 55, 1762, 1853, 1853, 643, 56, 1895, 1607, 1743, 1656, 1051, 749, 1255, 1255, 1526, 1787, 1075, 272, 977, 907, 1896, 1896, 383, ...

LJ001-0061.wav

the Roman letter was used side by side with the Gothic.

[ [ 1698, 526, 1725, 1399, 2003, 877, 1026, 1984, 1655, 774, 1679, 572, 382, 1092, 386, 1063, 1274, 1562, 2026, 1945, 1506, 371, 1467, 1695, 1695, 1959, 1532, 1506, 1477, 839, 1628, 1187, ...

LJ001-0062.wav

Even in Italy most of the theological and law books were printed in Gothic letter,

[ [ 1692, 1978, 1383, 1948, 926, 125, 1781, 856, 1939, 1825, 705, 582, 832, 1607, 1743, 7, 1883, 1722, 1650, 1615, 1347, 597, 1552, 1356, 485, 1296, 1914, 277, 283, 1741, 981, 1708, 1473...

LJ001-0063.wav

which was generally more formally Gothic than the printing of the German workmen,

[ [ 995, 572, 1001, 382, 2026, 1041, 1041, 132, 1005, 1825, 722, 8, 690, 875, 1721, 1721, 299, 1184, 1348, 1939, 831, 1194, 160, 1477, 1560, 917, 981, 1327, 1640, 312, 868, 868, 657, ...