text: These studies demonstrate a novel and striking insensitivity of arterial endothelium to the effects of TNF and LPS and indicate a dissociation between the ability of HUAECs to upregulate nuclear factor-kappaB and VCAM-1 .

text: These

text: studies

text: demonstrate

text: a

text: novel

text: and

text: striking

text: insensitivity

text: of

text: arterial

text: endothelium

text: to

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: TNF

text: and

text: LPS

text: and

text: indicate

text: a

text: dissociation

text: between

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: HUAECs

text: to

text: upregulate

text: nuclear

text: factor-kappaB

text: and


text: Development during the third instar is much less delayed in the double mutant, with most of the larvae pupariating within 1 d after their heterozygous siblings (Figure 7A).

text: Development

text: during

text: the

text: third

text: instar

text: is

text: much

text: less

text: delayed

text: in

text: the

text: double

text: mutant,

text: with

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: larvae

text: pupariating

text: within

text: d

text: after

text: their

text: heterozygous

text: siblings

text: (Figure


text: However, analysis of deletion mutants localized nearly all of the promoter activity to a short region (-73 to -16) that did not include the cluster of c-Myb sites .

label: CUE

label: SCOPE

text: However,

text: analysis

text: of

text: deletion

text: mutants

text: localized

text: nearly

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: promoter

text: activity

text: to

text: a

text: short

text: region

text: to

text: that

text: did

text: not

text: include

text: the

text: cluster

text: of

text: c-Myb

text: sites


text: Expression of an activated version of N, Ncdc10 [51], led to the activation of Cut and promoted growth in dorsal cells of D-mib2/D-mib3 mutant discs (Figure 8C).

text: Expression

text: of

text: an

text: activated

text: version

text: of

text: N,

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: activation

text: of

text: Cut

text: and

text: promoted

text: growth

text: in

text: dorsal

text: cells

text: of

text: mutant

text: discs

text: (Figure


text: Yet another possibility is that the 23rd amino acid exists but is not encoded by stop codons .

text: Yet

text: another

text: possibility

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: amino

text: acid

text: exists

text: but

text: is

text: not

text: encoded

text: by

text: stop

text: codons


text: An almost identical reaction was obtained when tumor cells from malignant effusions were tested.

text: An

text: almost

text: identical

text: reaction

text: was

text: obtained

text: when

text: tumor

text: cells

text: from

text: malignant

text: effusions

text: were

text: tested.


text: The HLK ensemble method 4 successfully exploits the first key observation above.

text: The

text: HLK

text: ensemble

text: method

text: successfully

text: exploits

text: the

text: first

text: key

text: observation

text: above.


text: Adhesion of human monocytes to P-selectin, the most rapidly expressed endothelial tethering factor, increased the secretion of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by the leukocytes when they were stimulated with platelet-activating factor.

text: Adhesion

text: of

text: human

text: monocytes

text: to

text: P-selectin,

text: the

text: most

text: rapidly

text: expressed

text: endothelial

text: tethering

text: factor,

text: increased

text: the

text: secretion

text: of

text: monocyte

text: chemotactic

text: and

text: tumor

text: necrosis

text: factor-alpha

text: (TNF-alpha)

text: by

text: the

text: leukocytes

text: when

text: they

text: were

text: stimulated

text: with

text: platelet-activating

text: factor.


text: In addition, these proteases were detected in certain subclones of THP-1 and HL-60 cells and in primary monocytes, in each case correlating with the truncated from of p65.

text: In

text: addition,

text: these

text: proteases

text: were

text: detected

text: in

text: certain

text: subclones

text: of

text: and

text: cells

text: and

text: in

text: primary

text: monocytes,

text: in

text: each

text: case

text: correlating

text: with

text: the

text: truncated

text: from

text: of


text: We have previously found that NFKB2(p49/p52) acts in concert with RelA(p65) to stimulate the HIV enhancer in Jurkat T-leukemia cells.

text: We

text: have

text: previously

text: found

text: that

text: acts

text: in

text: concert

text: with

text: to

text: stimulate

text: the

text: HIV

text: enhancer

text: in

text: Jurkat

text: T-leukemia

text: cells.


text: To study the transcription factor requirement in B-cells, different U2 enhancer constructions were transfected into the lymphoid cell line, BJA-B.

text: To

text: study

text: the

text: transcription

text: factor

text: requirement

text: in

text: B-cells,

text: different

text: enhancer

text: constructions

text: were

text: transfected

text: into

text: the

text: lymphoid

text: cell

text: line,

text: BJA-B.


text: This property is also conserved between species.

text: This

text: property

text: is

text: also

text: conserved

text: between

text: species.


text: these observations also suggest a potential mechanism whereby a syphilitic chancre can serve as a cofactor for human immunodeficiency virus transmission .

text: these

text: observations

text: also

text: suggest

text: a

text: potential

text: mechanism

text: whereby

text: a

text: syphilitic

text: chancre

text: can

text: serve

text: as

text: a

text: cofactor

text: for

text: human

text: immunodeficiency

text: virus

text: transmission


text: Aldosterone-specific membrane receptors and rapid non-genomic actions of mineralocorticoids.

text: Aldosterone-specific

text: membrane

text: receptors

text: and

text: rapid

text: non-genomic

text: actions

text: of

text: mineralocorticoids.


text: Sublethal levels of oxidative stress are well known to alter T cell functional responses, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown.

text: Sublethal

text: levels

text: of

text: oxidative

text: stress

text: are

text: well

text: known

text: to

text: alter

text: T

text: cell

text: functional

text: responses,

text: but

text: the

text: underlying

text: mechanisms

text: are

text: unknown.


text: Nevertheless, a specific epitope is uncovered on cytochrome c in Drosophila mitochondria during apoptosis and this may be sufficient to help activate Dark/HAC-1/Dapaf-1 ; and death-inducing stimuli result in an increase in cytochrome c in Drosophila cultured-cell lysates [19,20].

text: Nevertheless,

text: a

text: specific

text: epitope

text: is

text: uncovered

text: on

text: cytochrome

text: c

text: in

text: Drosophila

text: mitochondria

text: during

text: apoptosis

text: and

text: this

text: may

text: be

text: sufficient

text: to

text: help

text: activate

text: and

text: death-inducing

text: stimuli

text: result

text: in

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: cytochrome

text: c

text: in

text: Drosophila

text: cultured-cell

text: lysates


text: Hence, the PRL-induced biphasic expression of the IRF-1 gene appears to be controlled by separate PRL-responsive elements :

text: Hence,

text: the

text: PRL-induced

text: biphasic

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: gene

text: appears

text: to

text: be

text: controlled

text: by

text: separate

text: PRL-responsive

text: elements


text: The specific loss of Ser accumulation into intracellular vesicles (compare [E?] with [B?]) correlated with the elevated levels of Ser seen at the apical cortex of D-mib mutant cells (compare [E] with [B]).

text: The

text: specific

text: loss

text: of

text: Ser

text: accumulation

text: into

text: intracellular

text: vesicles

text: (compare

text: [E?]

text: with

text: [B?])

text: correlated

text: with

text: the

text: elevated

text: levels

text: of

text: Ser

text: seen

text: at

text: the

text: apical

text: cortex

text: of

text: D-mib

text: mutant

text: cells

text: (compare

text: [E]

text: with

text: [B]).


text: Interestingly, apoptosis induced by NF-kappa B suppression, in contrast to that induced by TPEN (N,N,N',N'-tetrakis [2-pyridylmethyl]ethylenediamine) or soluble Fas ligand (CD95), was observed in the absence of active death effector proteases caspase-1-like (IL-1 converting enzyme), caspase-3-like (CPP32/Yama/apopain), and caspase-6-like and without cleavage of caspase-3 substrates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and DNA fragmentation factor-45 .

text: Interestingly,

text: apoptosis

text: induced

text: by

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: suppression,

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: that

text: induced

text: by

text: TPEN

text: (N,N,N',N'-tetrakis

text: or

text: soluble

text: Fas

text: ligand

text: was

text: observed

text: in

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: active

text: death

text: effector

text: proteases

text: converting

text: enzyme),

text: and

text: and

text: without

text: cleavage

text: of

text: substrates

text: poly(ADP-ribose)

text: polymerase

text: and

text: DNA

text: fragmentation


text: We previously demonstrated increased HTLV-1 transcription following CD2 but not CD3 receptor cross-linking .

text: We

text: previously

text: demonstrated

text: increased

text: transcription

text: following

text: but

text: not

text: receptor

text: cross-linking


text: Cytomegalovirus IE gene products significantly enhanced LPS stimulation of IL-6 promoter activity in both IL-6 CAT and IL-6 luciferase assays.

text: Cytomegalovirus

text: IE

text: gene

text: products

text: significantly

text: enhanced

text: LPS

text: stimulation

text: of

text: promoter

text: activity

text: in

text: both

text: CAT

text: and

text: luciferase

text: assays.


text: Signaling through CD40 with soluble CD40 ligand stimulated fibroblast activation, as evidenced by mobilization of nuclear factor-kappaB and by induction of the proinflammatory and chemoattractant cytokines IL-6 and IL-8.

text: Signaling

text: through

text: with

text: soluble

text: ligand

text: stimulated

text: fibroblast

text: activation,

text: as

text: evidenced

text: by

text: mobilization

text: of

text: nuclear

text: factor-kappaB

text: and

text: by

text: induction

text: of

text: the

text: proinflammatory

text: and

text: chemoattractant

text: cytokines

text: and


text: When the EKLF-/- cells were injected into blastocysts, they did not contribute at a detectable level to the mature erythrocyte compartment of the chimeric animals, based on analysis of glucose phosphate isomerase-1 (GPI-1) isozymes and hemoglobins that distinguish ES cell-derived erythrocytes from host blastocyst-derived erythrocytes .

text: When

text: the

text: EKLF-/-

text: cells

text: were

text: injected

text: into

text: blastocysts,

text: they

text: did

text: not

text: contribute

text: at

text: a

text: detectable

text: level

text: to

text: the

text: mature

text: erythrocyte

text: compartment

text: of

text: the

text: chimeric

text: animals,

text: based

text: on

text: analysis

text: of

text: glucose

text: phosphate

text: isozymes

text: and

text: hemoglobins

text: that

text: distinguish

text: ES

text: cell-derived

text: erythrocytes

text: from

text: host

text: blastocyst-derived

text: erythrocytes


text: In exerting their antiproliferative effects, GCS diffuse into target cells where they bind their cytoplasmic receptor, which in turn translocates to the nucleus where it inhibits transcription of cytokine genes through direct binding to the glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), which are located in the promoter region of cytokine genes or , alternatively, through antagonism of the action of transcription factors required for optimal transcriptional activation .

text: In

text: exerting

text: their

text: antiproliferative

text: effects,

text: GCS

text: diffuse

text: into

text: target

text: cells

text: where

text: they

text: bind

text: their

text: cytoplasmic

text: receptor,

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: translocates

text: to

text: the

text: nucleus

text: where

text: it

text: inhibits

text: transcription

text: of

text: cytokine

text: genes

text: through

text: direct

text: binding

text: to

text: the

text: glucocorticoid

text: response

text: elements

text: (GRE),

text: which

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: promoter

text: region

text: of

text: cytokine

text: genes

text: or

text: alternatively,

text: through

text: antagonism

text: of

text: the

text: action

text: of

text: transcription

text: factors

text: required

text: for

text: optimal

text: transcriptional

text: activation


text: These data show that neither NF-kappa B nor AP-1 activation is required for IL-2-mediated survival or cell cycle progression in activated primary human T cells .

text: These

text: data

text: show

text: that

text: neither

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: nor

text: activation

text: is

text: required

text: for

text: survival

text: or

text: cell

text: cycle

text: progression

text: in

text: activated

text: primary

text: human

text: T

text: cells


text: Our analysis also establishes that the activity of the D-mib gene is required for a subset of N signaling events that are distinct from those that require the activity of the neur gene.

text: Our

text: analysis

text: also

text: establishes

text: that

text: the

text: activity

text: of

text: the

text: D-mib

text: gene

text: is

text: required

text: for

text: a

text: subset

text: of

text: N

text: signaling

text: events

text: that

text: are

text: distinct

text: from

text: those

text: that

text: require

text: the

text: activity

text: of

text: the

text: neur

text: gene.


text: The two structurally distinct immunophilin-drug complexes bind to, and inhibit, the phosphatase activity of calcineurin.

text: The

text: two

text: structurally

text: distinct

text: immunophilin-drug

text: complexes

text: bind

text: to,

text: and

text: inhibit,

text: the

text: phosphatase

text: activity

text: of

text: calcineurin.


text: We previously demonstrated that G-CSF activated a distinct Stat3-like protein in immature and mature normal myeloid cells, StatG.

text: We

text: previously

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: G-CSF

text: activated

text: a

text: distinct

text: protein

text: in

text: immature

text: and

text: mature

text: normal

text: myeloid

text: cells,

text: StatG.


text: These findings should be useful for therapeutic strategies and the development of immunosuppressants targeting the CD28 costimulatory pathway .

text: These

text: findings

text: should

text: be

text: useful

text: for

text: therapeutic

text: strategies

text: and

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: immunosuppressants

text: targeting

text: the

text: costimulatory

text: pathway


text: Activity of the kappa B enhancer of the interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain in somatic cell hybrids is accompanied by the nuclear localization of NF-kappa B.

text: Activity

text: of

text: the

text: kappa

text: B

text: enhancer

text: of

text: the

text: receptor

text: alpha

text: chain

text: in

text: somatic

text: cell

text: hybrids

text: is

text: accompanied

text: by

text: the

text: nuclear

text: localization

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B.


text: In the present work, we have investigated the mechanism(s) whereby Tax transactivates the c-sis/PDGF-B proto-oncogene.

text: In

text: the

text: present

text: work,

text: we

text: have

text: investigated

text: the

text: mechanism(s)

text: whereby

text: Tax

text: transactivates

text: the

text: c-sis/PDGF-B

text: proto-oncogene.


text: Alteration of a single serine in the basic domain of the Epstein-Barr virus ZEBRA protein separates its functions of transcriptional activation and disruption of latency.

text: Alteration

text: of

text: a

text: single

text: serine

text: in

text: the

text: basic

text: domain

text: of

text: the

text: Epstein-Barr

text: virus

text: ZEBRA

text: protein

text: separates

text: its

text: functions

text: of

text: transcriptional

text: activation

text: and

text: disruption

text: of

text: latency.


text: In the present study we focused on the pathophysiology of PIH, mainly on the role of mineralocorticoids, reversed blood pressure patterns, and the resulting necessity of continuous monitoring of the preeclamptic mother.

text: In

text: the

text: present

text: study

text: we

text: focused

text: on

text: the

text: pathophysiology

text: of

text: PIH,

text: mainly

text: on

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: mineralocorticoids,

text: reversed

text: blood

text: pressure

text: patterns,

text: and

text: the

text: resulting

text: necessity

text: of

text: continuous

text: monitoring

text: of

text: the

text: preeclamptic

text: mother.


text: To enhance sensitivity of the filters, the whole length of an iORF was used as a BLAST query instead of the partial sequence , and the size of the BLAST database was increased from the 191 nonredundant genomes to the 328 complete genomes in GenomeNet and 246 draft genome sequences downloaded from GenBank in May 2006.

text: To

text: enhance

text: sensitivity

text: of

text: the

text: filters,

text: the

text: whole

text: length

text: of

text: an

text: iORF

text: was

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: BLAST

text: query

text: instead

text: of

text: the

text: partial

text: sequence

text: and

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: BLAST

text: database

text: was

text: increased

text: from

text: the

text: nonredundant

text: genomes

text: to

text: the

text: complete

text: genomes

text: in

text: GenomeNet

text: and

text: draft

text: genome

text: sequences

text: downloaded

text: from

text: GenBank

text: in

text: May


text: All mutants, including one extensively mutagenized strain entirely missing the NF-kappaB and four Spl binding elements , replicated with wild-type kinetics and to a wild-type level in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures in 50 to 100% of the experiments.

text: All

text: mutants,

text: including

text: one

text: extensively

text: mutagenized

text: strain

text: entirely

text: missing

text: the

text: NF-kappaB

text: and

text: four

text: Spl

text: binding

text: elements

text: replicated

text: with

text: wild-type

text: kinetics

text: and

text: to

text: a

text: wild-type

text: level

text: in

text: peripheral

text: blood

text: mononuclear

text: cell

text: cultures

text: in

text: to

text: of

text: the

text: experiments.


text: In other neuroblastoma cell lines, such as SK-N-Be(2), the lack of PMA induction of differentiation was correlated with the lack of NF-kappa B activation .

text: In

text: other

text: neuroblastoma

text: cell

text: lines,

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: PMA

text: induction

text: of

text: differentiation

text: was

text: correlated

text: with

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: activation


text: Overexpression of a phosphorylation-defective form of Rb inhibited Elf-1-dependent transcription during T cell activation.

text: Overexpression

text: of

text: a

text: phosphorylation-defective

text: form

text: of

text: Rb

text: inhibited

text: transcription

text: during

text: T

text: cell

text: activation.


text: These parameters were examined in normal and Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized human B cells and compared with 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3-responsive cells of the T and monocytic lineages.

text: These

text: parameters

text: were

text: examined

text: in

text: normal

text: and

text: Epstein-Barr

text: virus-immortalized

text: human

text: B

text: cells

text: and

text: compared

text: with

text: cells

text: of

text: the

text: T

text: and

text: monocytic

text: lineages.


text: The earliest lesion in the development of an atherosclerotic plaque is the fatty streak.

text: The

text: earliest

text: lesion

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: an

text: atherosclerotic

text: plaque

text: is

text: the

text: fatty

text: streak.


text: In this study, we used the NK cell line NK92 to define the molecular and cellular basis of NK cell-mediated EC activation.

text: In

text: this

text: study,

text: we

text: used

text: the

text: NK

text: cell

text: line

text: to

text: define

text: the

text: molecular

text: and

text: cellular

text: basis

text: of

text: NK

text: cell-mediated

text: EC

text: activation.


text: An enhancer-blocking element between alpha and delta gene segments within the human T cell receptor alpha/delta locus.

text: An

text: enhancer-blocking

text: element

text: between

text: alpha

text: and

text: delta

text: gene

text: segments

text: within

text: the

text: human

text: T

text: cell

text: receptor

text: alpha/delta

text: locus.


text: After submission of our manuscript, additional biochemical evidence favoring evolution of V(D)J recombination from transposable elements was reported [25].

text: After

text: submission

text: of

text: our

text: manuscript,

text: additional

text: biochemical

text: evidence

text: favoring

text: evolution

text: of

text: V(D)J

text: recombination

text: from

text: transposable

text: elements

text: was

text: reported


text: The physiological relevance of this phenomenon is emphasized by similar CD30-mediated effects in naive B cells.

text: The

text: physiological

text: relevance

text: of

text: this

text: phenomenon

text: is

text: emphasized

text: by

text: similar

text: effects

text: in

text: naive

text: B

text: cells.


text: (A) Percentage of pupae (blue bars) and adult flies (purple bars) demonstrating the larval and pupal survival, respectively, of the adgf-a mutant flies rescued by expression of transgenic ADGF-A in different tissues.

text: (A)

text: Percentage

text: of

text: pupae

text: (blue

text: bars)

text: and

text: adult

text: flies

text: (purple

text: bars)

text: demonstrating

text: the

text: larval

text: and

text: pupal

text: survival,

text: respectively,

text: of

text: the

text: adgf-a

text: mutant

text: flies

text: rescued

text: by

text: expression

text: of

text: transgenic

text: ADGF-A

text: in

text: different

text: tissues.


text: The first filter examines protein-likeliness of the iORFs.

text: The

text: first

text: filter

text: examines

text: protein-likeliness

text: of

text: the

text: iORFs.


text: The tax protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 mediates the transactivation of the c-sis/platelet-derived growth factor-B promoter through interactions with the zinc finger transcription factors Sp1 and NGFI-A/Egr-1.

text: The

text: tax

text: protein

text: of

text: human

text: T-cell

text: leukemia

text: virus

text: type

text: mediates

text: the

text: transactivation

text: of

text: the

text: c-sis/platelet-derived

text: growth

text: factor-B

text: promoter

text: through

text: interactions

text: with

text: the

text: zinc

text: finger

text: transcription

text: factors

text: and


text: We present a model for HIV replication in which the viral protease depletes the infected cells of bcl-2, leading to oxidative stress-dependent activation of NF kappa B, a cellular factor required for HIV transcription, and ultimately to cell death.

text: We

text: present

text: a

text: model

text: for

text: HIV

text: replication

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: viral

text: protease

text: depletes

text: the

text: infected

text: cells

text: of

text: leading

text: to

text: oxidative

text: stress-dependent

text: activation

text: of

text: NF

text: kappa

text: B,

text: a

text: cellular

text: factor

text: required

text: for

text: HIV

text: transcription,

text: and

text: ultimately

text: to

text: cell

text: death.


text: Inhibition by IL-10 of proinflammatory cytokine release appears to occur at the level of gene transcription for TNF-alpha and both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally for IL-1beta .

text: Inhibition

text: by

text: of

text: proinflammatory

text: cytokine

text: release

text: appears

text: to

text: occur

text: at

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: gene

text: transcription

text: for

text: TNF-alpha

text: and

text: both

text: transcriptionally

text: and

text: posttranscriptionally

text: for


text: We show that the BR3 sequence contains a novel negative regulatory element located at positions -90 to -79 of the hIL-5 promoter, which binds Oct1, octamer-like, and YY1 nuclear factors.

text: We

text: show

text: that

text: the

text: sequence

text: contains

text: a

text: novel

text: negative

text: regulatory

text: element

text: located

text: at

text: positions

text: to

text: of

text: the

text: promoter,

text: which

text: binds

text: octamer-like,

text: and

text: nuclear

text: factors.


text: Primary ( partial ) cortisol receptor resistance was previously reported in a total of 7 patients and 14 asymptomatic family members.

text: Primary

text: partial

text: cortisol

text: receptor

text: resistance

text: was

text: previously

text: reported

text: in

text: a

text: total

text: of

text: patients

text: and

text: asymptomatic

text: family

text: members.


text: Together, these results show that NF-kappa B controls the expression of I kappa B alpha by means of an inducible autoregulatory pathway.

text: Together,

text: these

text: results

text: show

text: that

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: controls

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: alpha

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: an

text: inducible

text: autoregulatory

text: pathway.


text: We identified a physical interaction between Tax and the HsN3 subunit of the human proteasome.

text: We

text: identified

text: a

text: physical

text: interaction

text: between

text: Tax

text: and

text: the

text: subunit

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: proteasome.


text: These results suggest that the molecular mechanism of HIV inhibition by ascorbate is not mediated via NF-kappa B inhibition , unlike that seen with other antioxidants .

text: These

text: results

text: suggest

text: that

text: the

text: molecular

text: mechanism

text: of

text: HIV

text: inhibition

text: by

text: ascorbate

text: is

text: not

text: mediated

text: via

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: inhibition

text: unlike

text: that

text: seen

text: with

text: other

text: antioxidants


text: The mechanism of corticosteroid resistance in bronchial asthma has been studied by determining the rank order of potency for different corticosteroids in inhibiting the generation of a 3 kD molecule from peripheral blood monocytes isolated from corticosteroid-sensitive (CS) and corticosteroid-resistant (CR) asthmatic subjects, which augments leukotriene B4 (LTB4) generation by human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated by calcium ionophore.

text: The

text: mechanism

text: of

text: corticosteroid

text: resistance

text: in

text: bronchial

text: asthma

text: has

text: been

text: studied

text: by

text: determining

text: the

text: rank

text: order

text: of

text: potency

text: for

text: different

text: corticosteroids

text: in

text: inhibiting

text: the

text: generation

text: of

text: a

text: kD

text: molecule

text: from

text: peripheral

text: blood

text: monocytes

text: isolated

text: from

text: corticosteroid-sensitive

text: (CS)

text: and

text: corticosteroid-resistant

text: (CR)

text: asthmatic

text: subjects,

text: which

text: augments

text: leukotriene

text: generation

text: by

text: human

text: neutrophils

text: (PMN)

text: stimulated

text: by

text: calcium

text: ionophore.


text: While PKC depletion did not alter the NF-kappa B level , treatment of B lymphocytes with H-89 or herbimycin A provoked a decrease in the NF-kappa B level.

text: While

text: PKC

text: depletion

text: did

text: not

text: alter

text: the

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: level

text: treatment

text: of

text: B

text: lymphocytes

text: with

text: or

text: herbimycin

text: A

text: provoked

text: a

text: decrease

text: in

text: the

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: level.


text: The total number is larger than the 4030 unique iPfam pairs in the database because an iPfam pair can be found in structures from several species.

text: The

text: total

text: number

text: is

text: larger

text: than

text: the

text: unique

text: iPfam

text: pairs

text: in

text: the

text: database

text: because

text: an

text: iPfam

text: pair

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: structures

text: from

text: several

text: species.


text: These results indicate that activation of the CREB/ATF pathway by Tax is dispensable for the immortalization of T cells by HTLV-1, whereas activation of the NF-kappaB pathway may be critical .

text: These

text: results

text: indicate

text: that

text: activation

text: of

text: the

text: CREB/ATF

text: pathway

text: by

text: Tax

text: is

text: dispensable

text: for

text: the

text: immortalization

text: of

text: T

text: cells

text: by

text: whereas

text: activation

text: of

text: the

text: NF-kappaB

text: pathway

text: may

text: be

text: critical


text: Accordingly, we selected a prior odds ratio of interaction of 1/400 which is similar to current estimates for yeast and is probably still quite conservative .

text: Accordingly,

text: we

text: selected

text: a

text: prior

text: odds

text: ratio

text: of

text: interaction

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: current

text: estimates

text: for

text: yeast

text: and

text: is

text: probably

text: still

text: quite

text: conservative


text: A marked activation of gamma-promoter activity was also observed with this mutation, suggesting the presence of a repressor .

text: A

text: marked

text: activation

text: of

text: gamma-promoter

text: activity

text: was

text: also

text: observed

text: with

text: this

text: mutation,

text: suggesting

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: a

text: repressor


text: Cells need to distinguish between transient Ca2+ signals that induce events such as muscle contraction, secretion, adhesion and synaptic transmission, and sustained Ca2+ signals that are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation.

text: Cells

text: need

text: to

text: distinguish

text: between

text: transient

text: signals

text: that

text: induce

text: events

text: such

text: as

text: muscle

text: contraction,

text: secretion,

text: adhesion

text: and

text: synaptic

text: transmission,

text: and

text: sustained

text: signals

text: that

text: are

text: involved

text: in

text: cell

text: proliferation

text: and

text: differentiation.


text: Instead of the whole length of the amino acid sequence , a window of 101 residues centered at the inframe stop codon was used as a BLAST query.

text: Instead

text: of

text: the

text: whole

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: amino

text: acid

text: sequence

text: a

text: window

text: of

text: residues

text: centered

text: at

text: the

text: inframe

text: stop

text: codon

text: was

text: used

text: as

text: a

text: BLAST

text: query.


text: The inflammatory mediators lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are potent activators of NF-kappaB.

text: The

text: inflammatory

text: mediators

text: lipopolysaccharide

text: (LPS)

text: and

text: tumor

text: necrosis

text: factor

text: (TNF)

text: are

text: potent

text: activators

text: of

text: NF-kappaB.


text: These four mutations identify the CG5841 gene as D-mib by the following evidence.

text: These

text: four

text: mutations

text: identify

text: the

text: gene

text: as

text: D-mib

text: by

text: the

text: following

text: evidence.


text: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) promoter-reporter gene behavior closely parallels the endogenous gene in response to T cell receptor and costimulatory signals.

text: promoter-reporter

text: gene

text: behavior

text: closely

text: parallels

text: the

text: endogenous

text: gene

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: T

text: cell

text: receptor

text: and

text: costimulatory

text: signals.


text: Using a conservative threshold, our most accurate predictor identifies 37606 human interactions, 32892 (80%) of which are not present in other publicly available large human interaction datasets , thus substantially increasing the coverage of the human interaction map.

text: Using

text: a

text: conservative

text: threshold,

text: our

text: most

text: accurate

text: predictor

text: identifies

text: human

text: interactions,

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: not

text: present

text: in

text: other

text: publicly

text: available

text: large

text: human

text: interaction

text: datasets

text: thus

text: substantially

text: increasing

text: the

text: coverage

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: interaction

text: map.


text: Substitution promoters were then generated where the entire X-box, or only the X1- or X2-boxes of HLA-DRA were replaced with the analogous regions of HLA-DQB.

text: Substitution

text: promoters

text: were

text: then

text: generated

text: where

text: the

text: entire

text: X-box,

text: or

text: only

text: the

text: or

text: of

text: HLA-DRA

text: were

text: replaced

text: with

text: the

text: analogous

text: regions

text: of

text: HLA-DQB.


text: Taken together, these data indicate that the unexpected expression of megakaryocytic genes is a specific property of immortalized cells that cannot be explained only by enhanced expression of Spi-1 and/or Fli-1 genes .

text: Taken

text: together,

text: these

text: data

text: indicate

text: that

text: the

text: unexpected

text: expression

text: of

text: megakaryocytic

text: genes

text: is

text: a

text: specific

text: property

text: of

text: immortalized

text: cells

text: that

text: cannot

text: be

text: explained

text: only

text: by

text: enhanced

text: expression

text: of

text: and/or

text: genes


text: Possible relationship between the changes in IL-1 and GR in aged long-distance runner and its physiological significance are discussed.

text: Possible

text: relationship

text: between

text: the

text: changes

text: in

text: and

text: GR

text: in

text: aged

text: long-distance

text: runner

text: and

text: its

text: physiological

text: significance

text: are

text: discussed.


text: Tax stimulated transcription through NF-kappaB and the cyclic AMP-responsive element-like sequence in the HTLV-1 promoter.

text: Tax

text: stimulated

text: transcription

text: through

text: NF-kappaB

text: and

text: the

text: cyclic

text: AMP-responsive

text: element-like

text: sequence

text: in

text: the

text: promoter.


text: Furthermore, a truncated form of NFAT1 acts as a dominant-negative, reducing IL-4 promoter activity in primed CD4 T cells and confirming the importance of endogenous NFAT to increased IL-4 gene expression by effector T cells.

text: Furthermore,

text: a

text: truncated

text: form

text: of

text: acts

text: as

text: a

text: dominant-negative,

text: reducing

text: promoter

text: activity

text: in

text: primed

text: T

text: cells

text: and

text: confirming

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: endogenous

text: NFAT

text: to

text: increased

text: gene

text: expression

text: by

text: effector

text: T

text: cells.


text: An average of ≈ 16% of interaction entries were lost in the mapping process, either if no sequence was provided with the original entry or if no significant matching sequence could be found in Integr8 .

text: An

text: average

text: of

text: of

text: interaction

text: entries

text: were

text: lost

text: in

text: the

text: mapping

text: process,

text: either

text: if

text: no

text: sequence

text: was

text: provided

text: with

text: the

text: original

text: entry

text: or

text: if

text: no

text: significant

text: matching

text: sequence

text: could

text: be

text: found

text: in


text: We have previously shown that tyloxapol is a potent antioxidant for hydroxyl radicals ( OH).

text: We

text: have

text: previously

text: shown

text: that

text: tyloxapol

text: is

text: a

text: potent

text: antioxidant

text: for

text: hydroxyl

text: radicals

text: OH).


text: The involvement of the CCK(B) receptor in such a stimulation was demonstrated by the inhibiting effect of the selective CCK(B) receptor antagonist PD-135,158.

text: The

text: involvement

text: of

text: the

text: CCK(B)

text: receptor

text: in

text: such

text: a

text: stimulation

text: was

text: demonstrated

text: by

text: the

text: inhibiting

text: effect

text: of

text: the

text: selective

text: CCK(B)

text: receptor

text: antagonist


text: CD30 cross-linking does not alter proliferation of ACH-2 cells and the induction of HIV expression is not mediated by endogenous TNF alpha/beta .

text: cross-linking

text: does

text: not

text: alter

text: proliferation

text: of

text: cells

text: and

text: the

text: induction

text: of

text: HIV

text: expression

text: is

text: not

text: mediated

text: by

text: endogenous

text: TNF

text: alpha/beta


text: These results suggest that peripheral T cells use distinct apoptosis signaling pathways with differential sensitivity to Bcl-2 and interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme family protease inhibitors .

text: These

text: results

text: suggest

text: that

text: peripheral

text: T

text: cells

text: use

text: distinct

text: apoptosis

text: signaling

text: pathways

text: with

text: differential

text: sensitivity

text: to

text: and

text: enzyme

text: family

text: protease

text: inhibitors


text: Activation of IFN-gamma-responsive genes requires tyrosine phosphorylation of the transcriptional factor STAT-1alpha (signal transducer and activator of transcription-1alpha).

text: Activation

text: of

text: IFN-gamma-responsive

text: genes

text: requires

text: tyrosine

text: phosphorylation

text: of

text: the

text: transcriptional

text: factor

text: (signal

text: transducer

text: and

text: activator

text: of


text: Much higher concentrations of other antioxidants--including ascorbic acid, trolox, alpha-tocopherol, butylated hydroxytoluene, and the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton--did not affect the production of these cytokines .

text: Much

text: higher

text: concentrations

text: of

text: other

text: antioxidants--including

text: ascorbic

text: acid,

text: trolox,

text: alpha-tocopherol,

text: butylated

text: hydroxytoluene,

text: and

text: the

text: inhibitor

text: zileuton--did

text: not

text: affect

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: these

text: cytokines


text: Furthermore, GR number failed to normalize after incubation in media alone or IL-2 and IL-4.

text: Furthermore,

text: GR

text: number

text: failed

text: to

text: normalize

text: after

text: incubation

text: in

text: media

text: alone

text: or

text: and


text: The retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) is a nuclear phosphoprotein that regulates cell cycle progression.

text: The

text: retinoblastoma

text: gene

text: product

text: (Rb)

text: is

text: a

text: nuclear

text: phosphoprotein

text: that

text: regulates

text: cell

text: cycle

text: progression.


text: The assessment of synovial lymphocyte reactivity to adenovirus antigen stimulation was undertaken in patients with persistent or recurrent inflammatory arthritis.

text: The

text: assessment

text: of

text: synovial

text: lymphocyte

text: reactivity

text: to

text: adenovirus

text: antigen

text: stimulation

text: was

text: undertaken

text: in

text: patients

text: with

text: persistent

text: or

text: recurrent

text: inflammatory

text: arthritis.


text: One 63-kDa isoform, termed I kappa B gamma-1, which lacks 59 amino acids C-terminal to ankyrin repeat 7 , has a novel 35-amino acid C terminus encoded by an alternative reading frame of the p105 gene.

text: One

text: isoform,

text: termed

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: which

text: lacks

text: amino

text: acids

text: C-terminal

text: to

text: ankyrin

text: repeat

text: has

text: a

text: novel

text: acid

text: C

text: terminus

text: encoded

text: by

text: an

text: alternative

text: reading

text: frame

text: of

text: the

text: gene.


text: Consistent with involvement in the G0/G1 switch, the protein contains potential sites for phosphorylation by protein kinase C and casein kinase II.

text: Consistent

text: with

text: involvement

text: in

text: the

text: switch,

text: the

text: protein

text: contains

text: potential

text: sites

text: for

text: phosphorylation

text: by

text: protein

text: kinase

text: C

text: and

text: casein

text: kinase

text: II.


text: Both signal cascades contribute to the induction of the interleukin 2 (IL-2) gene during T-cell activation.

text: Both

text: signal

text: cascades

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: induction

text: of

text: the

text: interleukin

text: gene

text: during

text: T-cell

text: activation.


text: CONCLUSIONS: Human NK cell membrane-bound LT signals across species via TNFRI, leading to NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and transcription of E-selectin and IL-8, which results in EC activation.

text: CONCLUSIONS:

text: Human

text: NK

text: cell

text: membrane-bound

text: LT

text: signals

text: across

text: species

text: via

text: TNFRI,

text: leading

text: to

text: NF-kappaB

text: nuclear

text: translocation

text: and

text: transcription

text: of

text: E-selectin

text: and

text: which

text: results

text: in

text: EC

text: activation.


text: These results indicate that the adhesion of RA synovial cells to matrices such as hyaluronic acid through CD44 could up-regulate VCAM-1 expression and VCAM-1-mediated adhesion to T cells, which might in turn cause activation of T cells and synovial cells in RA synovitis .

text: These

text: results

text: indicate

text: that

text: the

text: adhesion

text: of

text: RA

text: synovial

text: cells

text: to

text: matrices

text: such

text: as

text: hyaluronic

text: acid

text: through

text: could

text: up-regulate

text: expression

text: and

text: adhesion

text: to

text: T

text: cells,

text: which

text: might

text: in

text: turn

text: cause

text: activation

text: of

text: T

text: cells

text: and

text: synovial

text: cells

text: in

text: RA

text: synovitis


text: Adenosine could serve as a signal for macrophage differentiation , and the lack of adenosine deaminase activity due to the adgf-a mutation could cause precocious differentiation of these cells in mutant larvae .

text: Adenosine

text: could

text: serve

text: as

text: a

text: signal

text: for

text: macrophage

text: differentiation

text: and

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: adenosine

text: deaminase

text: activity

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: adgf-a

text: mutation

text: could

text: cause

text: precocious

text: differentiation

text: of

text: these

text: cells

text: in

text: mutant

text: larvae


text: To determine the functionality of both the C/EBP- and GATA- binding sites, we analyzed whether C/EBPbeta and GATA-1 can stimulate the MBP promoter in the C/EBPbeta and GATA-1 negative Jurkat T-cell line .

text: To

text: determine

text: the

text: functionality

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: C/EBP-

text: and

text: GATA-

text: binding

text: sites,

text: we

text: analyzed

text: whether

text: C/EBPbeta

text: and

text: can

text: stimulate

text: the

text: MBP

text: promoter

text: in

text: the

text: C/EBPbeta

text: and

text: negative

text: Jurkat

text: T-cell

text: line


text: This study examined the role of various cis-acting regulatory elements in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction of the human TNF-alpha promoter in cells of monocytic lineage.

text: This

text: study

text: examined

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: various

text: cis-acting

text: regulatory

text: elements

text: in

text: the

text: lipopolysaccharide

text: (LPS)

text: induction

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: TNF-alpha

text: promoter

text: in

text: cells

text: of

text: monocytic

text: lineage.


text: Rapid nongenomic in vitro effects of aldosterone on intracellular electrolytes, cell volume, and Na(+)-H+ antiport have been found in human mononuclear leukocytes (HML).

text: Rapid

text: nongenomic

text: in

text: vitro

text: effects

text: of

text: aldosterone

text: on

text: intracellular

text: electrolytes,

text: cell

text: volume,

text: and

text: Na(+)-H+

text: antiport

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: human

text: mononuclear

text: leukocytes

text: (HML).


text: However, this mutated NF kappa B promoter was not transactivated during HHV-6 ( GS ) infection or after cotransfection with pZVB70 or pZVB10 .

text: However,

text: this

text: mutated

text: NF

text: kappa

text: B

text: promoter

text: was

text: not

text: transactivated

text: during

text: GS

text: infection

text: or

text: after

text: cotransfection

text: with

text: or


text: The increase in IL-2 gene expression triggered by CD28 involves a kappa B-like sequence in the 5'-regulatory region of the IL-2 promoter, called CD28-responsive element.

text: The

text: increase

text: in

text: gene

text: expression

text: triggered

text: by

text: involves

text: a

text: kappa

text: B-like

text: sequence

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: promoter,

text: called

text: element.


text: Therefore, sets of genes identified from co-expression data may often contain multiple extraneous upstream sequences .

text: Therefore,

text: sets

text: of

text: genes

text: identified

text: from

text: co-expression

text: data

text: may

text: often

text: contain

text: multiple

text: extraneous

text: upstream

text: sequences


text: Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated a strong increase of NF-kappa B DNA binding after triggering of HLA-DR antigens.

text: Electrophoretic

text: mobility

text: shift

text: assays

text: demonstrated

text: a

text: strong

text: increase

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: DNA

text: binding

text: after

text: triggering

text: of

text: HLA-DR

text: antigens.


text: Besides in T-lymphocytes NFAT-1 activity could also be induced in T-lymphocyte-depleted spleen cells and purified B-lymphocytes and requires agents that both release intracellular calcium and activate protein kinase C.

text: Besides

text: in

text: T-lymphocytes

text: activity

text: could

text: also

text: be

text: induced

text: in

text: T-lymphocyte-depleted

text: spleen

text: cells

text: and

text: purified

text: B-lymphocytes

text: and

text: requires

text: agents

text: that

text: both

text: release

text: intracellular

text: calcium

text: and

text: activate

text: protein

text: kinase

text: C.


text: Because previous work has demonstrated that T cells from elderly individuals may display normal proliferative responses when activated via the anti-CD2 pathway , c-jun and jun B mRNA expression was also studied in anti-CD2-activated purified T cells.

text: Because

text: previous

text: work

text: has

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: T

text: cells

text: from

text: elderly

text: individuals

text: may

text: display

text: normal

text: proliferative

text: responses

text: when

text: activated

text: via

text: the

text: pathway

text: c-jun

text: and

text: jun

text: B

text: mRNA

text: expression

text: was

text: also

text: studied

text: in

text: purified

text: T

text: cells.


text: Without NFAT nuclear translocation , the FasL gene is not transcribed .

text: Without

text: NFAT

text: nuclear

text: translocation

text: the

text: FasL

text: gene

text: is

text: not

text: transcribed


text: Biochemical analysis of the region -158/-90 revealed a binding site for transcription factors of the polyomavirus enhancer-binding protein 2/core-binding factor (PEBP2/CBF) family at position -103.

text: Biochemical

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: revealed

text: a

text: binding

text: site

text: for

text: transcription

text: factors

text: of

text: the

text: polyomavirus

text: enhancer-binding

text: protein

text: factor

text: family

text: at

text: position


text: The p21ras small GTP binding proteins participate in signal transduction from cell surface receptors and affect neoplastic transformation and development in many different cell types.

text: The

text: small

text: GTP

text: binding

text: proteins

text: participate

text: in

text: signal

text: transduction

text: from

text: cell

text: surface

text: receptors

text: and

text: affect

text: neoplastic

text: transformation

text: and

text: development

text: in

text: many

text: different

text: cell

text: types.


text: Ξ The total number of known Pfam domains

text: Ξ

text: The

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: known

text: Pfam

text: domains


text: Both parameters and results of the calculation are shown in Table 3.

text: Both

text: parameters

text: and

text: results

text: of

text: the

text: calculation

text: are

text: shown

text: in

text: Table


text: We concluded that CTCF expression and activity is controlled at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.

text: We

text: concluded

text: that

text: CTCF

text: expression

text: and

text: activity

text: is

text: controlled

text: at

text: transcriptional

text: and

text: post-transcriptional

text: levels.


text: A group of coordinately induced protooncogenes, cytoskeletal, and extracellular matrix genes have been termed immediate early response genes, and their induction has been associated with growth factor-stimulated cell proliferation.

text: A

text: group

text: of

text: coordinately

text: induced

text: protooncogenes,

text: cytoskeletal,

text: and

text: extracellular

text: matrix

text: genes

text: have

text: been

text: termed

text: immediate

text: early

text: response

text: genes,

text: and

text: their

text: induction

text: has

text: been

text: associated

text: with

text: growth

text: factor-stimulated

text: cell

text: proliferation.


text: These findings with IkappaBbeta provide a potential mechanism for the constitutive activation of NF-kappaB in Tax-expressing cells .

text: These

text: findings

text: with

text: IkappaBbeta

text: provide

text: a

text: potential

text: mechanism

text: for

text: the

text: constitutive

text: activation

text: of

text: NF-kappaB

text: in

text: Tax-expressing

text: cells


text: Decreased proteasome-mediated degradation in T cells from the elderly: A role in immune senescence.

text: Decreased

text: proteasome-mediated

text: degradation

text: in

text: T

text: cells

text: from

text: the

text: elderly:

text: A

text: role

text: in

text: immune

text: senescence.


text: Bcl-2-mediated drug resistance: inhibition of apoptosis by blocking nuclear factor of activated T lymphocytes (NFAT)-induced Fas ligand transcription.

text: drug

text: resistance:

text: inhibition

text: of

text: apoptosis

text: by

text: blocking

text: nuclear

text: factor

text: of

text: activated

text: T

text: lymphocytes

text: (NFAT)-induced

text: Fas

text: ligand

text: transcription.


text: Even in H. sapiens, where we suspect a positive bias due to the overrepresentation of disease-related proteins in both the PDB and protein interaction databases , 81% of protein interactions do not contain an iPfam domain pair .

text: Even

text: in

text: H.

text: sapiens,

text: where

text: we

text: suspect

text: a

text: positive

text: bias

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: overrepresentation

text: of

text: disease-related

text: proteins

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: PDB

text: and

text: protein

text: interaction

text: databases

text: of

text: protein

text: interactions

text: do

text: not

text: contain

text: an

text: iPfam

text: domain

text: pair


text: CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that aspirin inhibits NF-kappa B mobilization, induction of VCAM-1 and E-selectin, and subsequent monocyte adhesion in endothelial cells stimulated by TNF, thereby providing an additional mechanism for therapeutic effects of aspirin .

text: CONCLUSIONS:

text: Our

text: data

text: suggest

text: that

text: aspirin

text: inhibits

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: mobilization,

text: induction

text: of

text: and

text: E-selectin,

text: and

text: subsequent

text: monocyte

text: adhesion

text: in

text: endothelial

text: cells

text: stimulated

text: by

text: TNF,

text: thereby

text: providing

text: an

text: additional

text: mechanism

text: for

text: therapeutic

text: effects

text: of

text: aspirin


text: Remarkably, 53% of the observed iPfam domain pairs in E. coli are also observed in one of the two eukaryotes, and 107 iPfam domain pairs are even conserved amongst all three species.

text: Remarkably,

text: of

text: the

text: observed

text: iPfam

text: domain

text: pairs

text: in

text: E.

text: coli

text: are

text: also

text: observed

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: eukaryotes,

text: and

text: iPfam

text: domain

text: pairs

text: are

text: even

text: conserved

text: amongst

text: all

text: three

text: species.


text: Expression of tal-1 and GATA-binding proteins during human hematopoiesis.

text: Expression

text: of

text: and

text: GATA-binding

text: proteins

text: during

text: human

text: hematopoiesis.


text: Furthermore, the VitD3- and the PMA-induced CD14 expression was inhibited as a temporal consequence of the RA-induced differentiation.

text: Furthermore,

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: PMA-induced

text: expression

text: was

text: inhibited

text: as

text: a

text: temporal

text: consequence

text: of

text: the

text: RA-induced

text: differentiation.


text: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat quasispecies differ in basal transcription and nuclear factor recruitment in human glial cells and lymphocytes.

text: Human

text: immunodeficiency

text: virus

text: type

text: long

text: terminal

text: repeat

text: quasispecies

text: differ

text: in

text: basal

text: transcription

text: and

text: nuclear

text: factor

text: recruitment

text: in

text: human

text: glial

text: cells

text: and

text: lymphocytes.


text: In this manuscript we have investigated the molecular mechanisms by which T cell lines stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and phytohemagglutin (PHA) display significantly higher levels of NF-kappa B1 encoding transcripts than cells stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha, despite the fact that both stimuli activate NF-kappa B.

text: In

text: this

text: manuscript

text: we

text: have

text: investigated

text: the

text: molecular

text: mechanisms

text: by

text: which

text: T

text: cell

text: lines

text: stimulated

text: with

text: phorbol

text: (PMA)

text: and

text: phytohemagglutin

text: (PHA)

text: display

text: significantly

text: higher

text: levels

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: encoding

text: transcripts

text: than

text: cells

text: stimulated

text: with

text: tumor

text: necrosis

text: factor-alpha,

text: despite

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: both

text: stimuli

text: activate

text: NF-kappa

text: B.


text: Human monocyte binding to fibronectin enhances IFN-gamma-induced early signaling events.

text: Human

text: monocyte

text: binding

text: to

text: fibronectin

text: enhances

text: IFN-gamma-induced

text: early

text: signaling

text: events.


text: After appropriate stimulation, both NF-AT and AP-1 are peculiarly sensitive to the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin.

text: After

text: appropriate

text: stimulation,

text: both

text: NF-AT

text: and

text: are

text: peculiarly

text: sensitive

text: to

text: the

text: protein

text: synthesis

text: inhibitor

text: anisomycin.


text: Recent studies have reported that lymphocytes produce, transport and bind dopamine present in plasma.

text: Recent

text: studies

text: have

text: reported

text: that

text: lymphocytes

text: produce,

text: transport

text: and

text: bind

text: dopamine

text: present

text: in

text: plasma.


text: Many of the predictions in these two datasets concern protein pairs and proteins that are not present in other datasets , suggesting that they cover different regions of the human interaction space .

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: predictions

text: in

text: these

text: two

text: datasets

text: concern

text: protein

text: pairs

text: and

text: proteins

text: that

text: are

text: not

text: present

text: in

text: other

text: datasets

text: suggesting

text: that

text: they

text: cover

text: different

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: interaction

text: space


text: Comparative mapping of SRY in the great apes.

text: Comparative

text: mapping

text: of

text: SRY

text: in

text: the

text: great

text: apes.


text: p50B is able to form heteromeric kappa B-binding complexes with RelB, as well as with p65 and p50, the two subunits of NF-kappa B.

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: form

text: heteromeric

text: kappa

text: B-binding

text: complexes

text: with

text: RelB,

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: with

text: and

text: the

text: two

text: subunits

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B.


text: Steroid-resistant asthma .

text: Steroid-resistant

text: asthma


text: Although the present philosophy of performance comparison implicitly benefits SCOPE, which has no parameters to optimize , it is arguably the most relevant comparison possible for the typical biologist.

text: Although

text: the

text: present

text: philosophy

text: of

text: performance

text: comparison

text: implicitly

text: benefits

text: SCOPE,

text: which

text: has

text: no

text: parameters

text: to

text: optimize

text: it

text: is

text: arguably

text: the

text: most

text: relevant

text: comparison

text: possible

text: for

text: the

text: typical

text: biologist.


text: Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers for 6 hours with 0.2 mmol/L diamide and 1 mmol/L buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) decreased GSH levels and increased the ratio of GSSG to GSH without cell toxicity .

text: Treatment

text: of

text: human

text: umbilical

text: vein

text: endothelial

text: cell

text: (HUVEC)

text: monolayers

text: for

text: hours

text: with

text: mmol/L

text: diamide

text: and

text: mmol/L

text: buthionine

text: sulfoximine

text: (BSO)

text: decreased

text: GSH

text: levels

text: and

text: increased

text: the

text: ratio

text: of

text: GSSG

text: to

text: GSH

text: without

text: cell

text: toxicity


text: Regulation of human epsilon germline transcription: role of B-cell-specific activator protein.

text: Regulation

text: of

text: human

text: epsilon

text: germline

text: transcription:

text: role

text: of

text: B-cell-specific

text: activator

text: protein.


text: To test this hypothesis, light-chain gene structure was examined in pre-B cells transformed by temperature-sensitive mutants of the Abelson virus and in derivatives that survive at the nonpermissive temperature because they express a human BCL-2 gene.

text: To

text: test

text: this

text: hypothesis,

text: light-chain

text: gene

text: structure

text: was

text: examined

text: in

text: pre-B

text: cells

text: transformed

text: by

text: temperature-sensitive

text: mutants

text: of

text: the

text: Abelson

text: virus

text: and

text: in

text: derivatives

text: that

text: survive

text: at

text: the

text: nonpermissive

text: temperature

text: because

text: they

text: express

text: a

text: human

text: gene.


text: The real false positive rate is likely to be smaller , because some iPfam domain pairs might still independently mediate an interaction with a different, possibly unknown , partner protein .

text: The

text: real

text: false

text: positive

text: rate

text: is

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: smaller

text: because

text: some

text: iPfam

text: domain

text: pairs

text: might

text: still

text: independently

text: mediate

text: an

text: interaction

text: with

text: a

text: different,

text: possibly

text: unknown

text: partner

text: protein


text: Also, 69% of 36 TSDs recovered during RAG-mediated intramolecular transpositions were 5 bp in length; of the remaining ones, 28% were 4 bp and 3% were 3 bp long.

text: Also,

text: of

text: TSDs

text: recovered

text: during

text: RAG-mediated

text: intramolecular

text: transpositions

text: were

text: bp

text: in

text: length;

text: of

text: the

text: remaining

text: ones,

text: were

text: bp

text: and

text: were

text: bp

text: long.


text: It is directly implicated in the emergence of the age-related immune deficiency.

text: It

text: is

text: directly

text: implicated

text: in

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: the

text: age-related

text: immune

text: deficiency.


text: An unidentified Ets family protein binds to the EBS overlapping the consensus GAS motif and appears to negatively regulate the human IL-2R alpha promoter .

text: An

text: unidentified

text: Ets

text: family

text: protein

text: binds

text: to

text: the

text: EBS

text: overlapping

text: the

text: consensus

text: GAS

text: motif

text: and

text: appears

text: to

text: negatively

text: regulate

text: the

text: human

text: alpha

text: promoter


text: NAC caused an expected dramatic increase in the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in EC.

text: NAC

text: caused

text: an

text: expected

text: dramatic

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: reduced

text: glutathione

text: (GSH)

text: levels

text: in

text: EC.


text: Serum response factor (SRF) binds to a site adjacent to the NF-kappa B site in the IL-2R enhancer, and both sites together have strong transcriptional activity specifically in T cells.

text: Serum

text: response

text: factor

text: (SRF)

text: binds

text: to

text: a

text: site

text: adjacent

text: to

text: the

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: site

text: in

text: the

text: enhancer,

text: and

text: both

text: sites

text: together

text: have

text: strong

text: transcriptional

text: activity

text: specifically

text: in

text: T

text: cells.


text: MEASUREMENTS : The binding capacity and affinity of the glucocorticoid receptors were measured with dexamethasone as ligand on lymphocytes.

text: MEASUREMENTS

text: The

text: binding

text: capacity

text: and

text: affinity

text: of

text: the

text: glucocorticoid

text: receptors

text: were

text: measured

text: with

text: dexamethasone

text: as

text: ligand

text: on

text: lymphocytes.


text: In vivo, anergy has mainly been studied at the cellular level.

text: In

text: vivo,

text: anergy

text: has

text: mainly

text: been

text: studied

text: at

text: the

text: cellular

text: level.


text: A murine T cell line, EL4, was stimulated with IL-1 with and without pretreatment with different compounds known to influence the cellular redox status .

text: A

text: murine

text: T

text: cell

text: line,

text: was

text: stimulated

text: with

text: with

text: and

text: without

text: pretreatment

text: with

text: different

text: compounds

text: known

text: to

text: influence

text: the

text: cellular

text: redox

text: status


text: Each binding site contributes to the overall activity of the enhancer, however no single element seems absolutely required for activity .

text: Each

text: binding

text: site

text: contributes

text: to

text: the

text: overall

text: activity

text: of

text: the

text: enhancer,

text: however

text: no

text: single

text: element

text: seems

text: absolutely

text: required

text: for

text: activity


text: Using protein-DNA interaction assays we show that the H4 promoter contains two ATF/CREB recognition motifs which interact with CREB, ATF1, and ATF2 but not with ATF4/CREB2 .

text: Using

text: protein-DNA

text: interaction

text: assays

text: we

text: show

text: that

text: the

text: promoter

text: contains

text: two

text: ATF/CREB

text: recognition

text: motifs

text: which

text: interact

text: with

text: CREB,

text: and

text: but

text: not

text: with


text: Type I interferons (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) and type II interferon (IFN-gamma) inhibit induction of these genes by IL-4 and IL-13.

text: Type

text: I

text: interferons

text: (IFN-alpha

text: and

text: IFN-beta)

text: and

text: type

text: II

text: interferon

text: (IFN-gamma)

text: inhibit

text: induction

text: of

text: these

text: genes

text: by

text: and


text: Here we show that the rate of constitutive apoptosis in human neutrophils and eosinophils is greatly accelerated in both a rapid and concentration-dependent manner by the fungal metabolite gliotoxin, but not by its inactive analog methylthiogliotoxin .

text: Here

text: we

text: show

text: that

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: constitutive

text: apoptosis

text: in

text: human

text: neutrophils

text: and

text: eosinophils

text: is

text: greatly

text: accelerated

text: in

text: both

text: a

text: rapid

text: and

text: concentration-dependent

text: manner

text: by

text: the

text: fungal

text: metabolite

text: gliotoxin,

text: but

text: not

text: by

text: its

text: inactive

text: analog

text: methylthiogliotoxin


text: In 5 patients the granulocytes appeared polyclonal and in 1 patient unilateral X inactivation was observed in both granulocytes and T cells.

text: In

text: patients

text: the

text: granulocytes

text: appeared

text: polyclonal

text: and

text: in

text: patient

text: unilateral

text: X

text: inactivation

text: was

text: observed

text: in

text: both

text: granulocytes

text: and

text: T

text: cells.


text: Electrophoretically purified p50 alone can form a protein-DNA complex, but in the mixture, p50 associates preferentially with p65 to form the NF-GM2 complex.

text: Electrophoretically

text: purified

text: alone

text: can

text: form

text: a

text: protein-DNA

text: complex,

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: mixture,

text: associates

text: preferentially

text: with

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: complex.


text: Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is exclusively expressed by activated T and natural killer cells, a function that is tightly controlled both in a lineage-specific and in a stimulation-dependent manner.

text: is

text: exclusively

text: expressed

text: by

text: activated

text: T

text: and

text: natural

text: killer

text: cells,

text: a

text: function

text: that

text: is

text: tightly

text: controlled

text: both

text: in

text: a

text: lineage-specific

text: and

text: in

text: a

text: stimulation-dependent

text: manner.


text: Transcriptional control by META parallels that of several lymphokine genes, being specific to T cells, dependent on their activation, and inhibited by the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine (CsA).

text: Transcriptional

text: control

text: by

text: META

text: parallels

text: that

text: of

text: several

text: lymphokine

text: genes,

text: being

text: specific

text: to

text: T

text: cells,

text: dependent

text: on

text: their

text: activation,

text: and

text: inhibited

text: by

text: the

text: immunosuppressive

text: drug

text: cyclosporine

text: (CsA).


text: Briefly, the first filter assesses protein-likeliness based on the signal of purifying selection, while the second and third filters try to remove adjacent gene pairs using the pattern of BLAST alignments (for details, see Materials and Methods).

text: Briefly,

text: the

text: first

text: filter

text: assesses

text: protein-likeliness

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: signal

text: of

text: purifying

text: selection,

text: while

text: the

text: second

text: and

text: third

text: filters

text: try

text: to

text: remove

text: adjacent

text: gene

text: pairs

text: using

text: the

text: pattern

text: of

text: BLAST

text: alignments

text: (for

text: details,

text: see

text: Materials

text: and

text: Methods).


text: We have previously shown that JAK2 becomes tyrosine-phosphorylated in response to GM-CSF in PMN.

text: We

text: have

text: previously

text: shown

text: that

text: becomes

text: tyrosine-phosphorylated

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: GM-CSF

text: in

text: PMN.


text: Moreover, expression of Neur in dorsal cells, using Ser-GAL4, was sufficient to rescue growth of the wing pouch as well as the expression of Cut in margin cells in D-mib mutant discs (Figure 8D).

text: Moreover,

text: expression

text: of

text: Neur

text: in

text: dorsal

text: cells,

text: using

text: was

text: sufficient

text: to

text: rescue

text: growth

text: of

text: the

text: wing

text: pouch

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: Cut

text: in

text: margin

text: cells

text: in

text: D-mib

text: mutant

text: discs

text: (Figure


text: This peptide potently inhibited NFAT activation and NFAT-dependent expression of endogenous cytokine genes in T cells, without affecting the expression of other cytokines that require calcineurin but not NFAT .

text: This

text: peptide

text: potently

text: inhibited

text: NFAT

text: activation

text: and

text: NFAT-dependent

text: expression

text: of

text: endogenous

text: cytokine

text: genes

text: in

text: T

text: cells,

text: without

text: affecting

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: other

text: cytokines

text: that

text: require

text: calcineurin

text: but

text: not

text: NFAT


text: Surface expression of CD23 was determined by FACS analysis.

text: Surface

text: expression

text: of

text: was

text: determined

text: by

text: FACS

text: analysis.


text: Thereby an alternative type of La mRNA was identified that differed from the known La mRNA due to an exchange of the exon 1.

text: Thereby

text: an

text: alternative

text: type

text: of

text: La

text: mRNA

text: was

text: identified

text: that

text: differed

text: from

text: the

text: known

text: La

text: mRNA

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: exchange

text: of

text: the

text: exon


text: Mutations affecting the 5' guanine residues of the kappa B site were unable to compete for these NF-kappa B-related proteins .

text: Mutations

text: affecting

text: the

text: guanine

text: residues

text: of

text: the

text: kappa

text: B

text: site

text: were

text: unable

text: to

text: compete

text: for

text: these

text: NF-kappa

text: B-related

text: proteins


text: Postoperatively, blood was taken as well in order to compare pre- and postoperative values.

text: Postoperatively,

text: blood

text: was

text: taken

text: as

text: well

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: compare

text: pre-

text: and

text: postoperative

text: values.


text: Treatment of HL-60 eosinophilic sublines with either interleukin-5 or butyric acid increased the expression of GATA-1 mRNA concomitant with the expression of eosinophil-specific genes, whereas levels of GATA-2 mRNA remained relatively constant.

text: Treatment

text: of

text: eosinophilic

text: sublines

text: with

text: either

text: or

text: butyric

text: acid

text: increased

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: mRNA

text: concomitant

text: with

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: eosinophil-specific

text: genes,

text: whereas

text: levels

text: of

text: mRNA

text: remained

text: relatively

text: constant.


text: This raises the possibility that adenosine plays a role in the control of metamorphosis as well as in the response to stress .

text: This

text: raises

text: the

text: possibility

text: that

text: adenosine

text: plays

text: a

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: metamorphosis

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: response

text: to

text: stress


text: The mean number of type I and type II receptors was significantly lower in aged subjects than in controls (respectively, 198 ± 96 and 272 ± 97 receptors/cell for type I, and 1,794 ± 803 and 3,339 ± 918 for type II receptors).

text: The

text: mean

text: number

text: of

text: type

text: I

text: and

text: type

text: II

text: receptors

text: was

text: significantly

text: lower

text: in

text: aged

text: subjects

text: than

text: in

text: controls

text: (respectively,

text: and

text: receptors/cell

text: for

text: type

text: I,

text: and

text: and

text: for

text: type

text: II

text: receptors).


text: However, I(kappa)B(alpha) has also been detected in the nucleus of cell lines and when overexpressed by transient transfection.

text: However,

text: I(kappa)B(alpha)

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: detected

text: in

text: the

text: nucleus

text: of

text: cell

text: lines

text: and

text: when

text: overexpressed

text: by

text: transient

text: transfection.


text: Many of the effects of CD40 are believed to be achieved through altered gene expression .

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: achieved

text: through

text: altered

text: gene

text: expression


text: Independence of the modules

text: Independence

text: of

text: the

text: modules


text: The previous methods also assume that proteins with stop-codon-encoded amino acids will have non-readthrough homologs (i.e., homologous proteins that do not have inframe stop codons) .

text: The

text: previous

text: methods

text: also

text: assume

text: that

text: proteins

text: with

text: stop-codon-encoded

text: amino

text: acids

text: will

text: have

text: non-readthrough

text: homologs

text: (i.e.,

text: homologous

text: proteins

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: inframe

text: stop

text: codons)


text: Motif finding programs rely on a search algorithm to optimize a motif model (an abstract representation of a set of transcription factor binding sites).

text: Motif

text: finding

text: programs

text: rely

text: on

text: a

text: search

text: algorithm

text: to

text: optimize

text: a

text: motif

text: model

text: (an

text: abstract

text: representation

text: of

text: a

text: set

text: of

text: transcription

text: factor

text: binding

text: sites).


text: Overexpression of WT1 in some myeloid cell lines confers resistance to differentiation induction.

text: Overexpression

text: of

text: in

text: some

text: myeloid

text: cell

text: lines

text: confers

text: resistance

text: to

text: differentiation

text: induction.


text: Phenylarsine oxide (PAO), which is described as an inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatase activity, inhibits H2O2 release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as measured by electrochemistry.

text: Phenylarsine

text: oxide

text: (PAO),

text: which

text: is

text: described

text: as

text: an

text: inhibitor

text: of

text: tyrosine

text: phosphatase

text: activity,

text: inhibits

text: release

text: from

text: human

text: peripheral

text: blood

text: mononuclear

text: cells

text: (PBMCs)

text: as

text: measured

text: by

text: electrochemistry.


text: We have pursued our investigation of the role of the CD4 transduction pathway in HIV-induced apoptosis.

text: We

text: have

text: pursued

text: our

text: investigation

text: of

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: transduction

text: pathway

text: in

text: HIV-induced

text: apoptosis.


text: Priming of human monocytes with IFN-gamma resulted in the down regulation of c-fos and c-jun mRNA in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared to the effects of LPS alone.

text: Priming

text: of

text: human

text: monocytes

text: with

text: IFN-gamma

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: down

text: regulation

text: of

text: c-fos

text: and

text: c-jun

text: mRNA

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: stimulation

text: with

text: lipopolysaccharide

text: (LPS)

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: LPS

text: alone.


text: Gel mobility shift assays and transient transfection assays demonstrate that AML1 binds specifically to this site in the blk promoter and this binding site is important for blk promoter activity.

text: Gel

text: mobility

text: shift

text: assays

text: and

text: transient

text: transfection

text: assays

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: binds

text: specifically

text: to

text: this

text: site

text: in

text: the

text: blk

text: promoter

text: and

text: this

text: binding

text: site

text: is

text: important

text: for

text: blk

text: promoter

text: activity.


text: We demonstrate the utility of using primary lymphocyte models to study HTLV-I transcription in the context of cell signaling and suggest that activated PBMC maintain elevated levels of P-CREB, which promote basal HTLV-I transcription and enhance viral persistence in vivo .

text: We

text: demonstrate

text: the

text: utility

text: of

text: using

text: primary

text: lymphocyte

text: models

text: to

text: study

text: HTLV-I

text: transcription

text: in

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: cell

text: signaling

text: and

text: suggest

text: that

text: activated

text: PBMC

text: maintain

text: elevated

text: levels

text: of

text: P-CREB,

text: which

text: promote

text: basal

text: HTLV-I

text: transcription

text: and

text: enhance

text: viral

text: persistence

text: in

text: vivo


text: G. vaginalis lysates activated HIV long-terminal repeat transcription in HIV-infected cells and increased NF-kappaB binding activity, indicating an effect by G. vaginalis on HIV transcription .

text: G.

text: vaginalis

text: lysates

text: activated

text: HIV

text: long-terminal

text: repeat

text: transcription

text: in

text: HIV-infected

text: cells

text: and

text: increased

text: NF-kappaB

text: binding

text: activity,

text: indicating

text: an

text: effect

text: by

text: G.

text: vaginalis

text: on

text: HIV

text: transcription


text: Functional characterization of the murine homolog of the B cell-specific coactivator BOB.1/OBF.1.

text: Functional

text: characterization

text: of

text: the

text: murine

text: homolog

text: of

text: the

text: B

text: cell-specific

text: coactivator


text: The FPR is calculated as the number of false positives predicted divided by the total number of negatives in the test set.

text: The

text: FPR

text: is

text: calculated

text: as

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: false

text: positives

text: predicted

text: divided

text: by

text: the

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: negatives

text: in

text: the

text: test

text: set.


text: Enzymatic assay of alpha-galactosidase in blood leucocytes, skin fibroblasts, Epstein-Barr virus transformed lymphoid cell lines, and hair follicles of the twins and their parents confirmed the heterozygous status of the twins and indicated that Fabry disease had occurred as a result of a de novo mutation .

text: Enzymatic

text: assay

text: of

text: alpha-galactosidase

text: in

text: blood

text: leucocytes,

text: skin

text: fibroblasts,

text: Epstein-Barr

text: virus

text: transformed

text: lymphoid

text: cell

text: lines,

text: and

text: hair

text: follicles

text: of

text: the

text: twins

text: and

text: their

text: parents

text: confirmed

text: the

text: heterozygous

text: status

text: of

text: the

text: twins

text: and

text: indicated

text: that

text: Fabry

text: disease

text: had

text: occurred

text: as

text: a

text: result

text: of

text: a

text: de

text: novo

text: mutation


text: Each of SCOPE's three component algorithms seeks to maximize the same objective function over a different class of motifs.

text: Each

text: of

text: SCOPE's

text: three

text: component

text: algorithms

text: seeks

text: to

text: maximize

text: the

text: same

text: objective

text: function

text: over

text: a

text: different

text: class

text: of

text: motifs.


text: all translocation breakpoints at 11p13 are upstream of the Rhom-2 gene.

text: all

text: translocation

text: breakpoints

text: at

text: are

text: upstream

text: of

text: the

text: gene.


text: Switching gears during T-cell maturation: RANTES and late transcription.

text: Switching

text: gears

text: during

text: T-cell

text: maturation:

text: RANTES

text: and

text: late

text: transcription.


text: In this report the biological properties of the compounds ZK161422 and ZK157202, which are 20-methyl- and 20-methyl-23-eneanalogues, respectively, have been analyzed in comparison with VD.

text: In

text: this

text: report

text: the

text: biological

text: properties

text: of

text: the

text: compounds

text: and

text: which

text: are

text: and

text: respectively,

text: have

text: been

text: analyzed

text: in

text: comparison

text: with

text: VD.


text: Involvement of transcription factor YB-1 in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I basal gene expression.

text: Involvement

text: of

text: transcription

text: factor

text: in

text: human

text: T-cell

text: lymphotropic

text: virus

text: type

text: I

text: basal

text: gene

text: expression.


text: The increased NO production during the second A/R insult reduces PMN adhesion most likely by reducing the intracellular oxidant stress induced by A/R .

text: The

text: increased

text: NO

text: production

text: during

text: the

text: second

text: A/R

text: insult

text: reduces

text: PMN

text: adhesion

text: most

text: likely

text: by

text: reducing

text: the

text: intracellular

text: oxidant

text: stress

text: induced

text: by

text: A/R


text: From each regulon from the SCPD database 15 we selected ten six-mers at random from the upstream sequences and ten six-mers at random from the collection of known binding sites for that regulon.

text: From

text: each

text: regulon

text: from

text: the

text: SCPD

text: database

text: we

text: selected

text: ten

text: six-mers

text: at

text: random

text: from

text: the

text: upstream

text: sequences

text: and

text: ten

text: six-mers

text: at

text: random

text: from

text: the

text: collection

text: of

text: known

text: binding

text: sites

text: for

text: that

text: regulon.


text: DESIGN AND METHODS: The effect of all-trans and 9-cis RA on HIV-1 production in T-lymphoid (H9, CEM) and monocytoid (U937,THP-1) cell lines was measured during acute and chronic infection.

text: DESIGN

text: AND

text: METHODS:

text: The

text: effect

text: of

text: all-trans

text: and

text: RA

text: on

text: production

text: in

text: T-lymphoid

text: CEM)

text: and

text: monocytoid

text: cell

text: lines

text: was

text: measured

text: during

text: acute

text: and

text: chronic

text: infection.


text: Recent studies have revealed that interactions between transcription factors play an important role in regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells.

text: Recent

text: studies

text: have

text: revealed

text: that

text: interactions

text: between

text: transcription

text: factors

text: play

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: regulation

text: of

text: gene

text: expression

text: in

text: eukaryotic

text: cells.


text: This nuclear NF-kappa B was still present when contaminant LPS was removed by ultrafiltration and when serum was omitted.

text: This

text: nuclear

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: was

text: still

text: present

text: when

text: contaminant

text: LPS

text: was

text: removed

text: by

text: ultrafiltration

text: and

text: when

text: serum

text: was

text: omitted.


text: We next tested whether expression of D-mib in dorsal cells is sufficient to rescue the D-mib wing phenotype .

text: We

text: next

text: tested

text: whether

text: expression

text: of

text: D-mib

text: in

text: dorsal

text: cells

text: is

text: sufficient

text: to

text: rescue

text: the

text: D-mib

text: wing

text: phenotype


text: Because CMV is also associated with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans after transplantation, we determined whether CMV induces IL-6 gene expression .

text: Because

text: CMV

text: is

text: also

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: bronchiolitis

text: obliterans

text: after

text: transplantation,

text: we

text: determined

text: whether

text: CMV

text: induces

text: gene

text: expression


text: The replicative form of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA was studied using two lymphoblastoid cell lines, X50-7 and 6F11, which are latently infected by Epstein-Barr virus.

text: The

text: replicative

text: form

text: of

text: Epstein-Barr

text: virus

text: (EBV)

text: DNA

text: was

text: studied

text: using

text: two

text: lymphoblastoid

text: cell

text: lines,

text: and

text: which

text: are

text: latently

text: infected

text: by

text: Epstein-Barr

text: virus.


text: We show here that chronic HIV infection results in both induction of a nuclear factor with antigenic properties indistinguishable from those of NF-kappa B and permanently increased HIV enhancer activity.

text: We

text: show

text: here

text: that

text: chronic

text: HIV

text: infection

text: results

text: in

text: both

text: induction

text: of

text: a

text: nuclear

text: factor

text: with

text: antigenic

text: properties

text: indistinguishable

text: from

text: those

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: and

text: permanently

text: increased

text: HIV

text: enhancer

text: activity.


text: Experiments using inhibitors of protein kinase C, protein kinase A, and tyrosine kinase-dependent pathways revealed that G(Anh)MTetra-induced IL-1 beta and IL-6 mRNA expression involves activation of an H7-inhibitable pathway.

text: Experiments

text: using

text: inhibitors

text: of

text: protein

text: kinase

text: C,

text: protein

text: kinase

text: A,

text: and

text: tyrosine

text: kinase-dependent

text: pathways

text: revealed

text: that

text: G(Anh)MTetra-induced

text: beta

text: and

text: mRNA

text: expression

text: involves

text: activation

text: of

text: an

text: pathway.


text: Regulation of I kappa B alpha and p105 in monocytes and macrophages persistently infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

text: Regulation

text: of

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: alpha

text: and

text: in

text: monocytes

text: and

text: macrophages

text: persistently

text: infected

text: with

text: human

text: immunodeficiency

text: virus.


text: Southern blot hybridization showed that only two and four bands were found in ILT-mat and ATL16T(-) cells, respectively, whereas > 10 bands were detected in other ATL cells.

text: Southern

text: blot

text: hybridization

text: showed

text: that

text: only

text: two

text: and

text: four

text: bands

text: were

text: found

text: in

text: ILT-mat

text: and

text: cells,

text: respectively,

text: whereas

text: bands

text: were

text: detected

text: in

text: other

text: ATL

text: cells.


text: Differential expression and phosphorylation of CTCF, a c-myc transcriptional regulator, during differentiation of human myeloid cells.

text: Differential

text: expression

text: and

text: phosphorylation

text: of

text: CTCF,

text: a

text: c-myc

text: transcriptional

text: regulator,

text: during

text: differentiation

text: of

text: human

text: myeloid

text: cells.


text: Collectively, these results suggest that HOCl should be considered as an oxidative species capable of inducing NF-kappaB in a T-lymphocytic cell line through a transduction mechanism involving ROS, and having a long-distance effect through subsequent TNF-alpha release .

text: Collectively,

text: these

text: results

text: suggest

text: that

text: HOCl

text: should

text: be

text: considered

text: as

text: an

text: oxidative

text: species

text: capable

text: of

text: inducing

text: NF-kappaB

text: in

text: a

text: T-lymphocytic

text: cell

text: line

text: through

text: a

text: transduction

text: mechanism

text: involving

text: ROS,

text: and

text: having

text: a

text: long-distance

text: effect

text: through

text: subsequent

text: TNF-alpha

text: release


text: Using recombinant HBxAg protein, we found HBxAg-specific stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with acute hepatitis B virus infection (6 of 6) and chronic hepatitis B virus infection (6 of 17) but not in healthy individuals .

text: Using

text: recombinant

text: HBxAg

text: protein,

text: we

text: found

text: HBxAg-specific

text: stimulation

text: of

text: peripheral

text: blood

text: mononuclear

text: cells

text: in

text: patients

text: with

text: acute

text: hepatitis

text: B

text: virus

text: infection

text: of

text: and

text: chronic

text: hepatitis

text: B

text: virus

text: infection

text: of

text: but

text: not

text: in

text: healthy

text: individuals


text: The complex on the proximal site (NF kappa B2) appears to be composed of p50 and relB .

text: The

text: complex

text: on

text: the

text: proximal

text: site

text: (NF

text: kappa

text: appears

text: to

text: be

text: composed

text: of

text: and

text: relB


text: New knowledge on the mechanism of steroid resistance may have important implications for the treatment of chronic asthma and other diseases .

text: New

text: knowledge

text: on

text: the

text: mechanism

text: of

text: steroid

text: resistance

text: may

text: have

text: important

text: implications

text: for

text: the

text: treatment

text: of

text: chronic

text: asthma

text: and

text: other

text: diseases


text: The abscissa reflects the number of interactions in each set that contain the same iPfam domain pair.

text: The

text: abscissa

text: reflects

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: interactions

text: in

text: each

text: set

text: that

text: contain

text: the

text: same

text: iPfam

text: domain

text: pair.


text: Native PTF beta, in either protein fractions or a PTF-Oct-1-DNA complex, can be recognized by polyclonal antibodies raised against recombinant PTF beta.

text: Native

text: PTF

text: beta,

text: in

text: either

text: protein

text: fractions

text: or

text: a

text: complex,

text: can

text: be

text: recognized

text: by

text: polyclonal

text: antibodies

text: raised

text: against

text: recombinant

text: PTF

text: beta.


text: Cellular immune and cytokine pathways resulting in tissue factor expression and relevance to septic shock.

text: Cellular

text: immune

text: and

text: cytokine

text: pathways

text: resulting

text: in

text: tissue

text: factor

text: expression

text: and

text: relevance

text: to

text: septic

text: shock.


text: The transcription factor E2F activates the expression of multiple genes involved in cell proliferation, such as c-myc and the dihydrofolate reductase gene.

text: The

text: transcription

text: factor

text: activates

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: multiple

text: genes

text: involved

text: in

text: cell

text: proliferation,

text: such

text: as

text: c-myc

text: and

text: the

text: dihydrofolate

text: reductase

text: gene.


text: To elucidate the role of retinoic acid (RA) in anti-CD40 + interleukin-4 (IL-4)-mediated B-cell activation, the effect of 10(-12) to 10(-6) mol/L RA was studied in anti-CD40 (1 microgram/mL) + IL-4 (5 ng/mL)-mediated proliferation and Ig synthesis by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and B cells in healthy donors.

text: To

text: elucidate

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: retinoic

text: acid

text: (RA)

text: in

text: B-cell

text: activation,

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: to

text: mol/L

text: RA

text: was

text: studied

text: in

text: microgram/mL)

text: ng/mL)-mediated

text: proliferation

text: and

text: Ig

text: synthesis

text: by

text: human

text: peripheral

text: blood

text: mononuclear

text: cells

text: (PBMC)

text: and

text: B

text: cells

text: in

text: healthy

text: donors.


text: Repeated cold-air exposures increase human triiodothyronine (T3) plasma clearance rates.

text: Repeated

text: cold-air

text: exposures

text: increase

text: human

text: triiodothyronine

text: plasma

text: clearance

text: rates.


text: (C) TransibN3_AG family from mosquito.

text: (C)

text: family

text: from

text: mosquito.


text: We observed that Fc gamma RI transcript levels in monoblast-like U937 cells were elevated within 3 hr and peaked 12 hr after exposure to IFN-gamma.

text: We

text: observed

text: that

text: Fc

text: gamma

text: RI

text: transcript

text: levels

text: in

text: monoblast-like

text: cells

text: were

text: elevated

text: within

text: hr

text: and

text: peaked

text: hr

text: after

text: exposure

text: to

text: IFN-gamma.


text: CD30, however, has also been implicated in the induction of apoptotic cell death of lymphocytes.

text: however,

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: implicated

text: in

text: the

text: induction

text: of

text: apoptotic

text: cell

text: death

text: of

text: lymphocytes.


text: Accordingly, the likelihood ratio the transitive module outputs for a given protein pair is independent of the likelihood ratio calculated by the Group A modules for this same protein pair.

text: Accordingly,

text: the

text: likelihood

text: ratio

text: the

text: transitive

text: module

text: outputs

text: for

text: a

text: given

text: protein

text: pair

text: is

text: independent

text: of

text: the

text: likelihood

text: ratio

text: calculated

text: by

text: the

text: Group

text: A

text: modules

text: for

text: this

text: same

text: protein

text: pair.


text: Human peripheral blood monocytes (Mo) constitutively display the beta-chain of the receptor for IL-2, whereas expression of the IL-2R alpha-chain is not constitutive but inducible with IL-2.

text: Human

text: peripheral

text: blood

text: monocytes

text: (Mo)

text: constitutively

text: display

text: the

text: beta-chain

text: of

text: the

text: receptor

text: for

text: whereas

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: alpha-chain

text: is

text: not

text: constitutive

text: but

text: inducible

text: with


text: These sequences were produced and deposited in the GenBank Trace Archive by Department of Energy Joint Genomic Institute (http://www.jgi.doe.gov/).

text: These

text: sequences

text: were

text: produced

text: and

text: deposited

text: in

text: the

text: GenBank

text: Trace

text: Archive

text: by

text: Department

text: of

text: Energy

text: Joint

text: Genomic

text: Institute


text: We have recently shown that both phosphorylation processes require T-cell costimulation.

text: We

text: have

text: recently

text: shown

text: that

text: both

text: phosphorylation

text: processes

text: require

text: T-cell

text: costimulation.


text: We conclude that the kappaB element in the GM-CSF promoter plays a central role in the transcriptional activation of the endogenous GM-CSF gene.

text: We

text: conclude

text: that

text: the

text: kappaB

text: element

text: in

text: the

text: GM-CSF

text: promoter

text: plays

text: a

text: central

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: transcriptional

text: activation

text: of

text: the

text: endogenous

text: GM-CSF

text: gene.


text: Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we show here that the genes encoding the TATA-box binding protein (TBP), TFIIB, TFIIE alpha, TFIIE beta, RAP30, RAP74 and the 62 kDa subunit, of TFIIH are located at the human chromosomal bands 6q26-27, 1p21-22, 3q21-24, 8p12, 13q14, 19p13.3 and 11p14-15.1, respectively.

text: Using

text: fluorescence

text: in

text: situ

text: hybridization

text: (FISH),

text: we

text: show

text: here

text: that

text: the

text: genes

text: encoding

text: the

text: TATA-box

text: binding

text: protein

text: (TBP),

text: TFIIB,

text: TFIIE

text: alpha,

text: TFIIE

text: beta,

text: and

text: the

text: kDa

text: subunit,

text: of

text: TFIIH

text: are

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: human

text: chromosomal

text: bands

text: and

text: respectively.


text: SCOPE may also serve as a complementary approach to the HLK method .

text: SCOPE

text: may

text: also

text: serve

text: as

text: a

text: complementary

text: approach

text: to

text: the

text: HLK

text: method


text: The role of BSAP (Pax-5) in B-cell development.

text: The

text: role

text: of

text: BSAP

text: in

text: B-cell

text: development.


text: In the current studies, IL-2 production by T cells from elderly (mean 78 years) and young (mean 37 years) humans was measured in cultures stimulated with PHA, PHA plus PMA, crosslinked anti-CD3 mAB OKT3 plus PMA, or PMA plus ionomycin.

text: In

text: the

text: current

text: studies,

text: production

text: by

text: T

text: cells

text: from

text: elderly

text: (mean

text: years)

text: and

text: young

text: (mean

text: years)

text: humans

text: was

text: measured

text: in

text: cultures

text: stimulated

text: with

text: PHA,

text: PHA

text: plus

text: PMA,

text: crosslinked

text: mAB

text: plus

text: PMA,

text: or

text: PMA

text: plus

text: ionomycin.


text: The human B29 gene lacks either a TATA or a CAAT box and transcription is initiated at multiple sites.

text: The

text: human

text: gene

text: lacks

text: either

text: a

text: TATA

text: or

text: a

text: CAAT

text: box

text: and

text: transcription

text: is

text: initiated

text: at

text: multiple

text: sites.


text: Following T cell antigen receptor stimulation, SLP-76 and Vav both undergo tyrosine phosphorylation and associate with each other via the SH2 domain of Vav and phosphorylated tyrosines of SLP-76.

text: Following

text: T

text: cell

text: antigen

text: receptor

text: stimulation,

text: and

text: Vav

text: both

text: undergo

text: tyrosine

text: phosphorylation

text: and

text: associate

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: via

text: the

text: domain

text: of

text: Vav

text: and

text: phosphorylated

text: tyrosines

text: of