text: In addition, we demonstrate that the inducible transcriptional activity of the FasL reporter is abolished by specific inhibitors of NF-kappaB activation.

text: In

text: addition,

text: we

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: the

text: inducible

text: transcriptional

text: activity

text: of

text: the

text: FasL

text: reporter

text: is

text: abolished

text: by

text: specific

text: inhibitors

text: of

text: NF-kappaB

text: activation.


text: Activation of NF-kappa B seems to play an important role in the regulation of many proinflammatory cytokine genes , but cannot be the only mechanism , since several cytokine genes lack respective binding sites in their promoter regions .

label: CUE

label: SCOPE

text: Activation

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: seems

text: to

text: play

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: regulation

text: of

text: many

text: proinflammatory

text: cytokine

text: genes

text: but

text: cannot

text: be

text: the

text: only

text: mechanism

text: since

text: several

text: cytokine

text: genes

text: lack

text: respective

text: binding

text: sites

text: in

text: their

text: promoter

text: regions


text: Stimulation of purified T lymphocytes by a combination of monoclonal antibodies directed at CD2 and CD28 adhesion molecules gives rise to a long lasting proliferation in the absence of accessory cells .

text: Stimulation

text: of

text: purified

text: T

text: lymphocytes

text: by

text: a

text: combination

text: of

text: monoclonal

text: antibodies

text: directed

text: at

text: and

text: adhesion

text: molecules

text: gives

text: rise

text: to

text: a

text: long

text: lasting

text: proliferation

text: in

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: accessory

text: cells


text: In conclusion, elevated IFN alpha levels in AIDS-GR may be due to the lack of inhibitory effect of cortisol on IFN alpha production due to cortisol resistance in monocytes .

text: In

text: conclusion,

text: elevated

text: IFN

text: alpha

text: levels

text: in

text: AIDS-GR

text: may

text: be

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: inhibitory

text: effect

text: of

text: cortisol

text: on

text: IFN

text: alpha

text: production

text: due

text: to

text: cortisol

text: resistance

text: in

text: monocytes


text: However, the sensitivity of cells to these agents is not merely governed by the expression of their receptors and the availability of ligand to bind them.

text: However,

text: the

text: sensitivity

text: of

text: cells

text: to

text: these

text: agents

text: is

text: not

text: merely

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: their

text: receptors

text: and

text: the

text: availability

text: of

text: ligand

text: to

text: bind

text: them.


text: A mechanism for the antiinflammatory effects of corticosteroids: the glucocorticoid receptor regulates leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and expression of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1.

text: A

text: mechanism

text: for

text: the

text: antiinflammatory

text: effects

text: of

text: corticosteroids:

text: the

text: glucocorticoid

text: receptor

text: regulates

text: leukocyte

text: adhesion

text: to

text: endothelial

text: cells

text: and

text: expression

text: of

text: endothelial-leukocyte

text: adhesion

text: molecule

text: and

text: intercellular

text: adhesion

text: molecule


text: Alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes are activated when IgE/allergen immune complexes bind to the CD23 receptor, which leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines.

text: Alveolar

text: macrophages

text: and

text: peripheral

text: blood

text: monocytes

text: are

text: activated

text: when

text: IgE/allergen

text: immune

text: complexes

text: bind

text: to

text: the

text: receptor,

text: which

text: leads

text: to

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: inflammatory

text: cytokines.


text: Activation of T lymphocytes induces an NF-kappa B-like binding activity to the B2 site, concomitant with activation of the proenkephalin promoter.

text: Activation

text: of

text: T

text: lymphocytes

text: induces

text: an

text: NF-kappa

text: B-like

text: binding

text: activity

text: to

text: the

text: site,

text: concomitant

text: with

text: activation

text: of

text: the

text: proenkephalin

text: promoter.


text: These data demonstrate that PBMC differentially regulate basal HTLV-I transcription compared with Jurkat T cells, and this differential regulation is due, in part to differential phosphorylation and binding of CREB/ATF-1 to TRE-1 in the HTLV-I promoter.

text: These

text: data

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: PBMC

text: differentially

text: regulate

text: basal

text: HTLV-I

text: transcription

text: compared

text: with

text: Jurkat

text: T

text: cells,

text: and

text: this

text: differential

text: regulation

text: is

text: due,

text: in

text: part

text: to

text: differential

text: phosphorylation

text: and

text: binding

text: of

text: to

text: in

text: the

text: HTLV-I

text: promoter.


text: The underlying mechanisms by which the corresponding genes are transcriptionally initiated after virus infection are still poorly understood.

text: The

text: underlying

text: mechanisms

text: by

text: which

text: the

text: corresponding

text: genes

text: are

text: transcriptionally

text: initiated

text: after

text: virus

text: infection

text: are

text: still

text: poorly

text: understood.


text: We conclude that the serum response of the human TSP 1 gene requires the coordinated function of an SRE- and NF-Y-binding site.

text: We

text: conclude

text: that

text: the

text: serum

text: response

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: TSP

text: gene

text: requires

text: the

text: coordinated

text: function

text: of

text: an

text: SRE-

text: and

text: NF-Y-binding

text: site.


text: Multiple TRAF3 binding sites containing a PXQXT/S core sequence can be identified in the simian EBV LMP1s by an in vitro binding assay.

text: Multiple

text: binding

text: sites

text: containing

text: a

text: PXQXT/S

text: core

text: sequence

text: can

text: be

text: identified

text: in

text: the

text: simian

text: EBV

text: by

text: an

text: in

text: vitro

text: binding

text: assay.


text: Calcineurin acts in synergy with PMA to inactivate I kappa B/MAD3, an inhibitor of NF-kappa B.

text: Calcineurin

text: acts

text: in

text: synergy

text: with

text: PMA

text: to

text: inactivate

text: I

text: kappa

text: an

text: inhibitor

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B.


text: These findings are the first to demonstrate membrane binding of aldosterone being compatible with major aspects of its nongenomic effects.

text: These

text: findings

text: are

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: demonstrate

text: membrane

text: binding

text: of

text: aldosterone

text: being

text: compatible

text: with

text: major

text: aspects

text: of

text: its

text: nongenomic

text: effects.


text: Long-lasting IL-2 receptivity is associated with high-level expression of the inducible IL-2 receptor alpha chain (IL-2R alpha) gene that is regulated at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.

text: Long-lasting

text: receptivity

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: high-level

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: inducible

text: receptor

text: alpha

text: chain

text: alpha)

text: gene

text: that

text: is

text: regulated

text: at

text: both

text: transcriptional

text: and

text: posttranscriptional

text: levels.


text: Positive and negative regulation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promoter activity by AML1-related transcription factor, PEBP2.

text: Positive

text: and

text: negative

text: regulation

text: of

text: granulocyte-macrophage

text: colony-stimulating

text: factor

text: promoter

text: activity

text: by

text: transcription

text: factor,


text: This construction means that SCOPE can only run in a default configuration.

text: This

text: construction

text: means

text: that

text: SCOPE

text: can

text: only

text: run

text: in

text: a

text: default

text: configuration.


text: Furthermore, a mutant E6 motif lost both in vitro binding activity and in vivo enhancer activity.

text: Furthermore,

text: a

text: mutant

text: motif

text: lost

text: both

text: in

text: vitro

text: binding

text: activity

text: and

text: in

text: vivo

text: enhancer

text: activity.


text: In contrast, IFN-alpha/beta rescued T cell clones from apoptosis without active proliferation , and expression of apoptosis-associated proteins tested so far was unaffected.

text: In

text: contrast,

text: IFN-alpha/beta

text: rescued

text: T

text: cell

text: clones

text: from

text: apoptosis

text: without

text: active

text: proliferation

text: and

text: expression

text: of

text: apoptosis-associated

text: proteins

text: tested

text: so

text: far

text: was

text: unaffected.


text: Targeted degradation of c-Fos, but not v-Fos , by a phosphorylation-dependent signal on c-Jun.

text: Targeted

text: degradation

text: of

text: c-Fos,

text: but

text: not

text: v-Fos

text: by

text: a

text: phosphorylation-dependent

text: signal

text: on

text: c-Jun.


text: We also identified Sp1, Sp3, and NGFI-A/Egr-1 as the primary nuclear transcription factors binding to TRE1 which mediate Tax responsiveness.

text: We

text: also

text: identified

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: primary

text: nuclear

text: transcription

text: factors

text: binding

text: to

text: which

text: mediate

text: Tax

text: responsiveness.


text: In T cells and T cell lines, NF-kB is bound to a cytoplasmic proteic inhibitor, the IkB.

text: In

text: T

text: cells

text: and

text: T

text: cell

text: lines,

text: NF-kB

text: is

text: bound

text: to

text: a

text: cytoplasmic

text: proteic

text: inhibitor,

text: the

text: IkB.


text: Shaded regions represent actual protein-coding regions.

text: Shaded

text: regions

text: represent

text: actual

text: protein-coding

text: regions.


text: Kinase assays showed that TNF elicited a rapid but short-lived induction of IKK activity with a 3-fold greater effect on IKK-alpha than on IKK-beta, peaking at 5 min.

text: Kinase

text: assays

text: showed

text: that

text: TNF

text: elicited

text: a

text: rapid

text: but

text: short-lived

text: induction

text: of

text: IKK

text: activity

text: with

text: a

text: greater

text: effect

text: on

text: IKK-alpha

text: than

text: on

text: IKK-beta,

text: peaking

text: at

text: min.


text: In vitro, human B lymphocytes undergo long-term proliferation when activated through CD40, a protein expressed on their cell surface.

text: In

text: vitro,

text: human

text: B

text: lymphocytes

text: undergo

text: long-term

text: proliferation

text: when

text: activated

text: through

text: a

text: protein

text: expressed

text: on

text: their

text: cell

text: surface.


text: By contrast, the binding activity of the NF-kappa(B) and EGR-1 transcription factors was little affected.

text: By

text: contrast,

text: the

text: binding

text: activity

text: of

text: the

text: NF-kappa(B)

text: and

text: transcription

text: factors

text: was

text: little

text: affected.


text: ADA deficiency is accompanied by greatly elevated levels of the ADA substrates adenosine and deoxyadenosine, both of which are biologically active purines that can have a deep impact on cellular physiology.

text: ADA

text: deficiency

text: is

text: accompanied

text: by

text: greatly

text: elevated

text: levels

text: of

text: the

text: ADA

text: substrates

text: adenosine

text: and

text: deoxyadenosine,

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: biologically

text: active

text: purines

text: that

text: can

text: have

text: a

text: deep

text: impact

text: on

text: cellular

text: physiology.


text: The CLE0 sequence interacts with factors, related to a PMA-induced AP-1 and a PMA/A23187-induced NF-AT.

text: The

text: sequence

text: interacts

text: with

text: factors,

text: related

text: to

text: a

text: PMA-induced

text: and

text: a

text: NF-AT.


text: The tyrosine kinase activity in the anti-Itk immunoprecipitate was significantly activated upon these stimulations.

text: The

text: tyrosine

text: kinase

text: activity

text: in

text: the

text: anti-Itk

text: immunoprecipitate

text: was

text: significantly

text: activated

text: upon

text: these

text: stimulations.


text: These results demonstrate that the target tissues of adgf-a mutants are normally responsive to ecdysteroids and that they are probably capable of releasing ecdysteroids , although the level of ecdysteroids might vary .?>

text: These

text: results

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: the

text: target

text: tissues

text: of

text: adgf-a

text: mutants

text: are

text: normally

text: responsive

text: to

text: ecdysteroids

text: and

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: probably

text: capable

text: of

text: releasing

text: ecdysteroids

text: although

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: ecdysteroids

text: might

text: vary


text: Together, these data demonstrate that the IL-4R alpha cytoplasmic domain is sufficient to activate JAK-1 and STAT6 and to induce expression of IL-4 target genes, thus identifying a mechanism by which IL-4 signaling can proceed in the absence of JAK-3 and gamma(c) .

text: Together,

text: these

text: data

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: the

text: alpha

text: cytoplasmic

text: domain

text: is

text: sufficient

text: to

text: activate

text: and

text: and

text: to

text: induce

text: expression

text: of

text: target

text: genes,

text: thus

text: identifying

text: a

text: mechanism

text: by

text: which

text: signaling

text: can

text: proceed

text: in

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: and

text: gamma(c)


text: Our findings suggest that constitutive expression of Bcl-x(L) induced by Tax through the NF-kappaB pathway contributes to the inhibition of apoptosis in CTLL-2 cells after IL-2 deprivation .

text: Our

text: findings

text: suggest

text: that

text: constitutive

text: expression

text: of

text: Bcl-x(L)

text: induced

text: by

text: Tax

text: through

text: the

text: NF-kappaB

text: pathway

text: contributes

text: to

text: the

text: inhibition

text: of

text: apoptosis

text: in

text: cells

text: after

text: deprivation


text: [The value of the clinical test of glucocorticoid receptors of peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease]

text: [The

text: value

text: of

text: the

text: clinical

text: test

text: of

text: glucocorticoid

text: receptors

text: of

text: peripheral

text: blood

text: leukocytes

text: in

text: patients

text: with

text: chronic

text: pulmonary

text: heart

text: disease]


text: The field of motif finding is saturated with a large number of algorithms representing myriad search strategies, objective functions and motif models.

text: The

text: field

text: of

text: motif

text: finding

text: is

text: saturated

text: with

text: a

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: algorithms

text: representing

text: myriad

text: search

text: strategies,

text: objective

text: functions

text: and

text: motif

text: models.


text: In this report we have examined the efficacy of the gold compound AuTG as an inhibitor of HIV replication in latently infected OM10.1 and Ach2 cells.

text: In

text: this

text: report

text: we

text: have

text: examined

text: the

text: efficacy

text: of

text: the

text: gold

text: compound

text: AuTG

text: as

text: an

text: inhibitor

text: of

text: HIV

text: replication

text: in

text: latently

text: infected

text: and

text: cells.


text: Using expression cloning, we identified the first "late" T lymphocyte associated transcription factor and named it "RANTES Factor of Late Activated T Lymphocytes-1" (RFLAT-1).

text: Using

text: expression

text: cloning,

text: we

text: identified

text: the

text: first

text: "late"

text: T

text: lymphocyte

text: associated

text: transcription

text: factor

text: and

text: named

text: it

text: "RANTES

text: Factor

text: of

text: Late

text: Activated

text: T


text: Interaction between NF-kappa B- and serum response factor-binding elements activates an interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain enhancer specifically in T lymphocytes.

text: Interaction

text: between

text: NF-kappa

text: B-

text: and

text: serum

text: response

text: factor-binding

text: elements

text: activates

text: an

text: receptor

text: alpha-chain

text: enhancer

text: specifically

text: in

text: T

text: lymphocytes.


text: This was correlated with an unchanged level of the active form of the cytosolic inhibitor protein IkappaB-alpha.

text: This

text: was

text: correlated

text: with

text: an

text: unchanged

text: level

text: of

text: the

text: active

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: cytosolic

text: inhibitor

text: protein

text: IkappaB-alpha.


text: At least fourteen mammalian caspases have been identified, and they are grouped into two classes on the basis of their proteolytic specificities (reviewed in [6]).

text: At

text: least

text: fourteen

text: mammalian

text: caspases

text: have

text: been

text: identified,

text: and

text: they

text: are

text: grouped

text: into

text: two

text: classes

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: their

text: proteolytic

text: specificities

text: (reviewed

text: in


text: G(Anh)MTetra was found to strongly induce interleukin ( IL ) -1 beta and IL-6 mRNA expression after 2 h and IL-1 beta and IL-6 protein secretion after 48 h of activation.

text: G(Anh)MTetra

text: was

text: found

text: to

text: strongly

text: induce

text: interleukin

text: IL

text: beta

text: and

text: mRNA

text: expression

text: after

text: h

text: and

text: beta

text: and

text: protein

text: secretion

text: after

text: h

text: of

text: activation.


text: Posttranscriptional regulation of macrophage tissue factor expression by antioxidants.

text: Posttranscriptional

text: regulation

text: of

text: macrophage

text: tissue

text: factor

text: expression

text: by

text: antioxidants.


text: The prevalence of DNA aneuploidy was 30 %, overexpression of ER 10 %, and overexpression of EGFR 35 %, in the 206 high risk women whose median 10 year Gail risk (projected probability) of developing breast cancer was 4.5 %.

text: The

text: prevalence

text: of

text: DNA

text: aneuploidy

text: was

text: overexpression

text: of

text: ER

text: and

text: overexpression

text: of

text: EGFR

text: in

text: the

text: high

text: risk

text: women

text: whose

text: median

text: year

text: Gail

text: risk

text: (projected

text: probability)

text: of

text: developing

text: breast

text: cancer

text: was


text: To characterize the human elk-1 promoter, we mapped the transcriptional start site and isolated elk-1-specific genomic phage clones that contained extensive upstream and downstream sequences.

text: To

text: characterize

text: the

text: human

text: promoter,

text: we

text: mapped

text: the

text: transcriptional

text: start

text: site

text: and

text: isolated

text: genomic

text: phage

text: clones

text: that

text: contained

text: extensive

text: upstream

text: and

text: downstream

text: sequences.


text: The pathways leading to activation in lamina propria (LP) T cells are different from peripheral T cells.

text: The

text: pathways

text: leading

text: to

text: activation

text: in

text: lamina

text: propria

text: (LP)

text: T

text: cells

text: are

text: different

text: from

text: peripheral

text: T

text: cells.


text: An important factor to consider when taking the best of multiple runs is the relative size of the search space.

text: An

text: important

text: factor

text: to

text: consider

text: when

text: taking

text: the

text: best

text: of

text: multiple

text: runs

text: is

text: the

text: relative

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: search

text: space.


text: Furthermore, cyclosporin A, but not rapamycin , blocked the synergistic induction of IL-8 expression achieved with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 costimulation.

text: Furthermore,

text: cyclosporin

text: A,

text: but

text: not

text: rapamycin

text: blocked

text: the

text: synergistic

text: induction

text: of

text: expression

text: achieved

text: with

text: and

text: costimulation.


text: When expressed in COS cells, however, NFAT1 is capable of transactivation, but it is not regulated correctly :

text: When

text: expressed

text: in

text: COS

text: cells,

text: however,

text: is

text: capable

text: of

text: transactivation,

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: regulated

text: correctly


text: It also appears that NF-kappaB suppression by RCC-S may contribute to the immunosuppression of host immunity .

text: It

text: also

text: appears

text: that

text: NF-kappaB

text: suppression

text: by

text: RCC-S

text: may

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: immunosuppression

text: of

text: host

text: immunity


text: Responses to these EBV antigens by synovial lymphocytes from several other chronic rheumatoid arthritis patients were readily detectable.

text: Responses

text: to

text: these

text: EBV

text: antigens

text: by

text: synovial

text: lymphocytes

text: from

text: several

text: other

text: chronic

text: rheumatoid

text: arthritis

text: patients

text: were

text: readily

text: detectable.


text: ALF1 transactivated transcription of Akv MLV through the two E(gre) motifs equally, whereas E2A protein required the promoter-proximal E(gre) motif.

text: transactivated

text: transcription

text: of

text: Akv

text: MLV

text: through

text: the

text: two

text: E(gre)

text: motifs

text: equally,

text: whereas

text: protein

text: required

text: the

text: promoter-proximal

text: E(gre)

text: motif.


text: Since the okadaic acid, a potent protein phosphatase inhibitor, prolongs the induction of the binding activity, phosphorylation events are likely to occur .

text: Since

text: the

text: okadaic

text: acid,

text: a

text: potent

text: protein

text: phosphatase

text: inhibitor,

text: prolongs

text: the

text: induction

text: of

text: the

text: binding

text: activity,

text: phosphorylation

text: events

text: are

text: likely

text: to

text: occur


text: We also examined the involvement of other signal transduction pathways.

text: We

text: also

text: examined

text: the

text: involvement

text: of

text: other

text: signal

text: transduction

text: pathways.


text: An NFAT oligonucleotide carrying mutations in the 5' purine-rich part of the NFAT sequence failed to form a complex and to compete with the wild type motif for NFAT complex formation in both T and B cells .

text: An

text: NFAT

text: oligonucleotide

text: carrying

text: mutations

text: in

text: the

text: purine-rich

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: NFAT

text: sequence

text: failed

text: to

text: form

text: a

text: complex

text: and

text: to

text: compete

text: with

text: the

text: wild

text: type

text: motif

text: for

text: NFAT

text: complex

text: formation

text: in

text: both

text: T

text: and

text: B

text: cells


text: GrpL, a Grb2-related adaptor protein, interacts with SLP-76 to regulate nuclear factor of activated T cell activation.

text: GrpL,

text: a

text: adaptor

text: protein,

text: interacts

text: with

text: to

text: regulate

text: nuclear

text: factor

text: of

text: activated

text: T

text: cell

text: activation.


text: The NFAT-luc assay is a useful technique for the rapid, sensitive measurement of CIF or other immunosuppressants with a similar mode of action.

text: The

text: NFAT-luc

text: assay

text: is

text: a

text: useful

text: technique

text: for

text: the

text: rapid,

text: sensitive

text: measurement

text: of

text: CIF

text: or

text: other

text: immunosuppressants

text: with

text: a

text: similar

text: mode

text: of

text: action.


text: B cells were purified from buffy coat preparations of healthy blood donors by positive selection using an anti CD20 monoclonal antibody and a MiniMACS separation unit.

text: B

text: cells

text: were

text: purified

text: from

text: buffy

text: coat

text: preparations

text: of

text: healthy

text: blood

text: donors

text: by

text: positive

text: selection

text: using

text: an

text: anti

text: monoclonal

text: antibody

text: and

text: a

text: MiniMACS

text: separation

text: unit.


text: Receptors for interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6-type cytokines use similar signaling mechanisms for inducing transcription through IL-6 response elements.

text: Receptors

text: for

text: interleukin

text: and

text: cytokines

text: use

text: similar

text: signaling

text: mechanisms

text: for

text: inducing

text: transcription

text: through

text: response

text: elements.


text: An erythroid specific enhancer upstream to the gene encoding the cell-type specific transcription factor GATA-1.

text: An

text: erythroid

text: specific

text: enhancer

text: upstream

text: to

text: the

text: gene

text: encoding

text: the

text: cell-type

text: specific

text: transcription

text: factor


text: The inhibitor also dramatically inhibited monocyte chemotactic activity of and MCP-1 production by the cells.

text: The

text: inhibitor

text: also

text: dramatically

text: inhibited

text: monocyte

text: chemotactic

text: activity

text: of

text: and

text: production

text: by

text: the

text: cells.


text: It is expressed on a subpopulation of macrophages in lymphoid tissues and in chronic inflammation (e.g., during autoimmune diseases).

text: It

text: is

text: expressed

text: on

text: a

text: subpopulation

text: of

text: macrophages

text: in

text: lymphoid

text: tissues

text: and

text: in

text: chronic

text: inflammation

text: (e.g.,

text: during

text: autoimmune

text: diseases).


text: The basic timescale of the evolutionary tree is based on published literature [49–51].

text: The

text: basic

text: timescale

text: of

text: the

text: evolutionary

text: tree

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: published

text: literature


text: Prior studies have identified several elements that contribute to the activity of the IL-2 promoter in the stimulated T cell line, Jurkat.

text: Prior

text: studies

text: have

text: identified

text: several

text: elements

text: that

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: activity

text: of

text: the

text: promoter

text: in

text: the

text: stimulated

text: T

text: cell

text: line,

text: Jurkat.


text: Decreased transcriptional activation by N-terminal deletions of CIITA is correlated directly with their reduced binding to TAFII32.

text: Decreased

text: transcriptional

text: activation

text: by

text: N-terminal

text: deletions

text: of

text: CIITA

text: is

text: correlated

text: directly

text: with

text: their

text: reduced

text: binding

text: to


text: More precisely, the training step consisted of calculating the respective proportions of positive and negative examples that fall into each bin of the feature(s) considered (i.e. that have a particular state).

text: More

text: precisely,

text: the

text: training

text: step

text: consisted

text: of

text: calculating

text: the

text: respective

text: proportions

text: of

text: positive

text: and

text: negative

text: examples

text: that

text: fall

text: into

text: each

text: bin

text: of

text: the

text: feature(s)

text: considered

text: (i.e.

text: that

text: have

text: a

text: particular

text: state).


text: The genes encoding the functionally related hepatocyte nuclear factors HNF-1alpha and HNF-4alpha play a critical role in normal pancreatic beta-cell function.

text: The

text: genes

text: encoding

text: the

text: functionally

text: related

text: hepatocyte

text: nuclear

text: factors

text: and

text: play

text: a

text: critical

text: role

text: in

text: normal

text: pancreatic

text: beta-cell

text: function.


text: Wuchty et al. compared the relationship between this set of predicted interacting domain pairs to the domain coocurrence network 5.

text: Wuchty

text: et

text: al.

text: compared

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: this

text: set

text: of

text: predicted

text: interacting

text: domain

text: pairs

text: to

text: the

text: domain

text: coocurrence

text: network


text: These results show that PEBP2betaMYH11 can impair neutrophil development and provide evidence that alterations of Pebp2 can contribute to the genesis of myelodysplasia.

text: These

text: results

text: show

text: that

text: can

text: impair

text: neutrophil

text: development

text: and

text: provide

text: evidence

text: that

text: alterations

text: of

text: can

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: genesis

text: of

text: myelodysplasia.


text: Lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor binding during depression and after clinical recovery.

text: Lymphocyte

text: glucocorticoid

text: receptor

text: binding

text: during

text: depression

text: and

text: after

text: clinical

text: recovery.


text: This pie chart shows how many iPfam domain pairs were found in PDB structures from each species.

text: This

text: pie

text: chart

text: shows

text: how

text: many

text: iPfam

text: domain

text: pairs

text: were

text: found

text: in

text: PDB

text: structures

text: from

text: each

text: species.


text: Second, expression of D-mib in the dorsal Ser-signaling cells was sufficient to rescue the D-mib mutant wing phenotype.

text: Second,

text: expression

text: of

text: D-mib

text: in

text: the

text: dorsal

text: Ser-signaling

text: cells

text: was

text: sufficient

text: to

text: rescue

text: the

text: D-mib

text: mutant

text: wing

text: phenotype.


text: In the present study, we demonstrate that the HIV-1 DSE can mediate the transcriptional synergy elicited by the combination of Ctx and TNFalpha.

text: In

text: the

text: present

text: study,

text: we

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: the

text: DSE

text: can

text: mediate

text: the

text: transcriptional

text: synergy

text: elicited

text: by

text: the

text: combination

text: of

text: Ctx

text: and

text: TNFalpha.


text: Based on nucleotide sequence requirements and immunoreactivity, we demonstrate that this DNA-protein complex is comprised of the AP-1 components, Fos and Jun.

text: Based

text: on

text: nucleotide

text: sequence

text: requirements

text: and

text: immunoreactivity,

text: we

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: this

text: DNA-protein

text: complex

text: is

text: comprised

text: of

text: the

text: components,

text: Fos

text: and

text: Jun.


text: Further dissection of the 317 base pair region demonstrates that, whereas all 317 base pairs are required for expression in megakaryocytes, only the 5' 62 base pairs are needed for erythroid-specific reporter expression.

text: Further

text: dissection

text: of

text: the

text: base

text: pair

text: region

text: demonstrates

text: that,

text: whereas

text: all

text: base

text: pairs

text: are

text: required

text: for

text: expression

text: in

text: megakaryocytes,

text: only

text: the

text: base

text: pairs

text: are

text: needed

text: for

text: erythroid-specific

text: reporter

text: expression.


text: Furthermore, we evaluated the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) status in mononuclear leukocytes in the 2 groups.

text: Furthermore,

text: we

text: evaluated

text: the

text: mineralocorticoid

text: receptor

text: (MR)

text: status

text: in

text: mononuclear

text: leukocytes

text: in

text: the

text: groups.


text: Similar results were obtained when a construct containing the IL-4 promoter also was used.

text: Similar

text: results

text: were

text: obtained

text: when

text: a

text: construct

text: containing

text: the

text: promoter

text: also

text: was

text: used.


text: Accordingly, we studied the role of NF-kappaB in germline Cepsilon transcription by using two human Burkitt's lymphoma B cell lines, DND39 and DG75.

text: Accordingly,

text: we

text: studied

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: NF-kappaB

text: in

text: germline

text: Cepsilon

text: transcription

text: by

text: using

text: two

text: human

text: Burkitt's

text: lymphoma

text: B

text: cell

text: lines,

text: and


text: Previous studies have suggested that gangliosides have an important role in cell signaling and recognition .

text: Previous

text: studies

text: have

text: suggested

text: that

text: gangliosides

text: have

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: cell

text: signaling

text: and

text: recognition


text: To analyze the regulatory mechanisms controlling p27Kip1 gene expression, we characterized the 5'-flanking region from nt -1609 to +178.

text: To

text: analyze

text: the

text: regulatory

text: mechanisms

text: controlling

text: gene

text: expression,

text: we

text: characterized

text: the

text: region

text: from

text: nt

text: to


text: When isolated PBMC were first cultured for 20 h in the presence of IL-10 on Teflon to prevent adherence, washed to remove IL-10 and then further cultured in plastic dishes for an additional 20 h in the presence of LPS or IL-1beta, an enhanced release of TNF was observed.

text: When

text: isolated

text: PBMC

text: were

text: first

text: cultured

text: for

text: h

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: on

text: Teflon

text: to

text: prevent

text: adherence,

text: washed

text: to

text: remove

text: and

text: then

text: further

text: cultured

text: in

text: plastic

text: dishes

text: for

text: an

text: additional

text: h

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: LPS

text: or

text: an

text: enhanced

text: release

text: of

text: TNF

text: was

text: observed.


text: In addition, dibutyryl cAMP inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, whereas histamine failed to affect proliferation and differentiation of U937 cells .

text: In

text: addition,

text: dibutyryl

text: cAMP

text: inhibited

text: cell

text: growth

text: in

text: a

text: dose-dependent

text: manner,

text: whereas

text: histamine

text: failed

text: to

text: affect

text: proliferation

text: and

text: differentiation

text: of

text: cells


text: Inducible expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is regulated by a cellular transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B).

text: Inducible

text: expression

text: of

text: human

text: immunodeficiency

text: virus

text: (HIV)

text: is

text: regulated

text: by

text: a

text: cellular

text: transcription

text: factor,

text: nuclear

text: factor

text: kappa

text: B

text: (NF-kappa

text: B).


text: We previously demonstrated that both synthetic (Exosurf) and modified natural surfactant (Survanta) downregulated endotoxin-stimulated inflammatory c ytokine mRNA levels and protein products (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF], interleukin-1-beta [IL-1], interleukin-6 [IL-6]) in human alveolar macrophages.

text: We

text: previously

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: both

text: synthetic

text: (Exosurf)

text: and

text: modified

text: natural

text: surfactant

text: (Survanta)

text: downregulated

text: endotoxin-stimulated

text: inflammatory

text: c

text: ytokine

text: mRNA

text: levels

text: and

text: protein

text: products

text: (tumor

text: necrosis

text: factor-alpha

text: [TNF],

text: in

text: human

text: alveolar

text: macrophages.


text: Thus, such unique activation of the inhibitory p50/p50 homodimer by acute ethanol treatment may result in inhibition rather than activation of NF-kappa B-regulated inflammatory cytokine genes .

text: Thus,

text: such

text: unique

text: activation

text: of

text: the

text: inhibitory

text: homodimer

text: by

text: acute

text: ethanol

text: treatment

text: may

text: result

text: in

text: inhibition

text: rather

text: than

text: activation

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B-regulated

text: inflammatory

text: cytokine

text: genes


text: Among the regulatory promoter elements potentially regulating eotaxin gene expression and/or mediating the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs we identified consensus sequences known to interact with nuclear factors like NF-IL6, AP-1, a NF-kappa-B like consensus sequence and gamma-interferon- as well as glucocorticoid response elements.

text: Among

text: the

text: regulatory

text: promoter

text: elements

text: potentially

text: regulating

text: eotaxin

text: gene

text: expression

text: and/or

text: mediating

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: anti-inflammatory

text: drugs

text: we

text: identified

text: consensus

text: sequences

text: known

text: to

text: interact

text: with

text: nuclear

text: factors

text: like

text: a

text: NF-kappa-B

text: like

text: consensus

text: sequence

text: and

text: gamma-interferon-

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: glucocorticoid

text: response

text: elements.


text: At 10 microM, both compounds inhibited IL-2 mRNA and protein levels in the NFAT-1-linked lac-Z transfectants, and in human lymphocytes.

text: At

text: microM,

text: both

text: compounds

text: inhibited

text: mRNA

text: and

text: protein

text: levels

text: in

text: the

text: lac-Z

text: transfectants,

text: and

text: in

text: human

text: lymphocytes.


text: We report the identification and characterization of simple tandem repeat DNA polymorphisms in the genes encoding HNF-3alpha, -3beta, -3gamma, -4gamma, and -6 and the mapping of HNF-6 to chromosome bands 15q21.1-21.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

text: We

text: report

text: the

text: identification

text: and

text: characterization

text: of

text: simple

text: tandem

text: repeat

text: DNA

text: polymorphisms

text: in

text: the

text: genes

text: encoding

text: and

text: and

text: the

text: mapping

text: of

text: to

text: chromosome

text: bands

text: by

text: fluorescence

text: in

text: situ

text: hybridization.


text: Phorbol myristate acetate induced Egr-1 mRNA expression but forskolin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP did not .

text: Phorbol

text: myristate

text: acetate

text: induced

text: mRNA

text: expression

text: but

text: forskolin

text: and

text: dibutyryl

text: cyclic

text: AMP

text: did

text: not


text: The third filter uses co-occurrence of residues around the inframe stop codon as another source of information for screening stop codon readthrough.

text: The

text: third

text: filter

text: uses

text: co-occurrence

text: of

text: residues

text: around

text: the

text: inframe

text: stop

text: codon

text: as

text: another

text: source

text: of

text: information

text: for

text: screening

text: stop

text: codon

text: readthrough.


text: For the Orthology module: YL, YM, YH: yeast low, medium and high scoring bins; FL, FM, FH: fly low, medium and high scoring bins; WL, WM, WH: worm low, medium and high scoring bins; HM and HL: medium and low scoring bins for human protein pairs that have human paralogs; > 1 organism: bin for human protein pairs that have interologs in more than one organism.

text: For

text: the

text: Orthology

text: module:

text: YL,

text: YM,

text: YH:

text: yeast

text: low,

text: medium

text: and

text: high

text: scoring

text: bins;

text: FL,

text: FM,

text: FH:

text: fly

text: low,

text: medium

text: and

text: high

text: scoring

text: bins;

text: WL,

text: WM,

text: WH:

text: worm

text: low,

text: medium

text: and

text: high

text: scoring

text: bins;

text: HM

text: and

text: HL:

text: medium

text: and

text: low

text: scoring

text: bins

text: for

text: human

text: protein

text: pairs

text: that

text: have

text: human

text: paralogs;

text: organism:

text: bin

text: for

text: human

text: protein

text: pairs

text: that

text: have

text: interologs

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: organism.


text: IL-8 secretion was accompanied by accumulation of IL-8 mRNA in the cytosol and by nuclear expression of a kappaB DNA binding activity within 30 minutes.

text: secretion

text: was

text: accompanied

text: by

text: accumulation

text: of

text: mRNA

text: in

text: the

text: cytosol

text: and

text: by

text: nuclear

text: expression

text: of

text: a

text: kappaB

text: DNA

text: binding

text: activity

text: within

text: minutes.


text: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to infect B cells and epithelial cells.

text: Epstein-Barr

text: virus

text: (EBV)

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: infect

text: B

text: cells

text: and

text: epithelial

text: cells.


text: These complexes arise in a developmentally regulated pattern, peaking at the promyelocyte stage, or in cell model systems, appearing soon after the induction of monocytic differentiation.

text: These

text: complexes

text: arise

text: in

text: a

text: developmentally

text: regulated

text: pattern,

text: peaking

text: at

text: the

text: promyelocyte

text: stage,

text: or

text: in

text: cell

text: model

text: systems,

text: appearing

text: soon

text: after

text: the

text: induction

text: of

text: monocytic

text: differentiation.


text: The locus control region of the beta-globin cluster contains five DNase I hypersensitive sites (5'HS1-5) required for locus activation.

text: The

text: locus

text: control

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: beta-globin

text: cluster

text: contains

text: five

text: DNase

text: I

text: hypersensitive

text: sites

text: required

text: for

text: locus

text: activation.


text: The D-mib3 mutant allele is predicted to produce a truncated protein devoid of E3 ubiquitin ligase activity whereas the D-mib4 protein carries a mutation at a conserved position in the second Mib repeat.

text: The

text: mutant

text: allele

text: is

text: predicted

text: to

text: produce

text: a

text: truncated

text: protein

text: devoid

text: of

text: ubiquitin

text: ligase

text: activity

text: whereas

text: the

text: protein

text: carries

text: a

text: mutation

text: at

text: a

text: conserved

text: position

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: Mib

text: repeat.


text: Conversely, several cytokines modulate the levels of HIV expression in infected cells of both T lymphocytic and mononuclear phagocytic lineage.

text: Conversely,

text: several

text: cytokines

text: modulate

text: the

text: levels

text: of

text: HIV

text: expression

text: in

text: infected

text: cells

text: of

text: both

text: T

text: lymphocytic

text: and

text: mononuclear

text: phagocytic

text: lineage.


text: True positive rate versus false positive rate for different estimated posterior odds ratios

text: True

text: positive

text: rate

text: versus

text: false

text: positive

text: rate

text: for

text: different

text: estimated

text: posterior

text: odds

text: ratios


text: Others, such as the general transcription factor TBP (TATA-Binding Protein), require a specific orientation and will only function if bound to motifs on a specific DNA strand 30.

text: Others,

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: general

text: transcription

text: factor

text: TBP

text: (TATA-Binding

text: Protein),

text: require

text: a

text: specific

text: orientation

text: and

text: will

text: only

text: function

text: if

text: bound

text: to

text: motifs

text: on

text: a

text: specific

text: DNA

text: strand


text: The current study examined whether alterations in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding contribute to poor response to glucocorticoid therapy in asthma .

text: The

text: current

text: study

text: examined

text: whether

text: alterations

text: in

text: glucocorticoid

text: receptor

text: (GR)

text: binding

text: contribute

text: to

text: poor

text: response

text: to

text: glucocorticoid

text: therapy

text: in

text: asthma


text: Globin genes are subject to tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific regulation.

text: Globin

text: genes

text: are

text: subject

text: to

text: tissue-specific

text: and

text: developmental

text: stage-specific

text: regulation.


text: In such cases, it is likely that a voting-based ensemble will follow the crowd and fail to find the true binding site .

text: In

text: such

text: cases,

text: it

text: is

text: likely

text: that

text: a

text: voting-based

text: ensemble

text: will

text: follow

text: the

text: crowd

text: and

text: fail

text: to

text: find

text: the

text: true

text: binding

text: site


text: AP-1, the polypeptide product of c-jun, recognizes and binds to specific DNA sequences and stimulates transcription of genes responsive to certain growth factors and phorbol esters such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA).

text: the

text: polypeptide

text: product

text: of

text: c-jun,

text: recognizes

text: and

text: binds

text: to

text: specific

text: DNA

text: sequences

text: and

text: stimulates

text: transcription

text: of

text: genes

text: responsive

text: to

text: certain

text: growth

text: factors

text: and

text: phorbol

text: esters

text: such

text: as

text: (TPA).


text: It has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity in a variety of animal models and more recently to inhibit IL-2 induced signal transduction.

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: possess

text: anti-inflammatory

text: activity

text: in

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: animal

text: models

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: to

text: inhibit

text: induced

text: signal

text: transduction.


text: In this report, we show that following incubation of L540 cells (Hodgkin's disease-derived, T cell-like, CD30+ cells) with the agonistic anti-CD30 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) M44 and M67, two nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B DNA binding activities were induced in nuclear extracts, as determined in gel retardation assays.

text: In

text: this

text: report,

text: we

text: show

text: that

text: following

text: incubation

text: of

text: cells

text: (Hodgkin's

text: disease-derived,

text: T

text: cell-like,

text: cells)

text: with

text: the

text: agonistic

text: monoclonal

text: antibodies

text: (mAb)

text: and

text: two

text: nuclear

text: factor

text: (NF)-kappa

text: B

text: DNA

text: binding

text: activities

text: were

text: induced

text: in

text: nuclear

text: extracts,

text: as

text: determined

text: in

text: gel

text: retardation

text: assays.


text: The sex-determining gene SRY was screened for molecular alteration in an XY sex-reversed female by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique.

text: The

text: sex-determining

text: gene

text: SRY

text: was

text: screened

text: for

text: molecular

text: alteration

text: in

text: an

text: XY

text: sex-reversed

text: female

text: by

text: single-strand

text: conformation

text: polymorphism

text: (SSCP)

text: technique.


text: By multimerizing the regulatory elements of the GM-CSF promoter, we found that one of the target sites for the CN action is the conserved lymphokine element 0 (CLE0), located at positions between -54 and -40.

text: By

text: multimerizing

text: the

text: regulatory

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: GM-CSF

text: promoter,

text: we

text: found

text: that

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: target

text: sites

text: for

text: the

text: CN

text: action

text: is

text: the

text: conserved

text: lymphokine

text: element

text: located

text: at

text: positions

text: between

text: and


text: Furthermore, B cells transfected with a chimeric CD8alpha/IL-4Ralpha receptor, which is expressed on the cell surface as a homodimer, constitutively expressed Cepsilon germline transcripts.

text: Furthermore,

text: B

text: cells

text: transfected

text: with

text: a

text: chimeric

text: receptor,

text: which

text: is

text: expressed

text: on

text: the

text: cell

text: surface

text: as

text: a

text: homodimer,

text: constitutively

text: expressed

text: Cepsilon

text: germline

text: transcripts.


text: We now demonstrate that a forced exogenous expression of the four different isoforms of WT1 in K562 does not affect the differentiation response , as judged by accumulation of hemoglobin in response to hemin or the expression of megakaryocytic cell surface markers in response to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA).

text: We

text: now

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: a

text: forced

text: exogenous

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: different

text: isoforms

text: of

text: in

text: does

text: not

text: affect

text: the

text: differentiation

text: response

text: as

text: judged

text: by

text: accumulation

text: of

text: hemoglobin

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: hemin

text: or

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: megakaryocytic

text: cell

text: surface

text: markers

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: (TPA).


text: Characterization of this cDNA clone revealed that its induction was dependent on LPS activation of THP-1 cells; hence, the name LPS-induced TNF-alpha factor (LITAF).

text: Characterization

text: of

text: this

text: cDNA

text: clone

text: revealed

text: that

text: its

text: induction

text: was

text: dependent

text: on

text: LPS

text: activation

text: of

text: cells;

text: hence,

text: the

text: name

text: LPS-induced

text: TNF-alpha

text: factor

text: (LITAF).


text: We demonstrate here that TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), a recently identified DIL, also activates NFkappaB in lymphoid cell lines in a kinetic similar to TNFalpha.

text: We

text: demonstrate

text: here

text: that

text: TRAIL

text: (TNF-related

text: apoptosis-inducing

text: ligand),

text: a

text: recently

text: identified

text: DIL,

text: also

text: activates

text: NFkappaB

text: in

text: lymphoid

text: cell

text: lines

text: in

text: a

text: kinetic

text: similar

text: to

text: TNFalpha.


text: These data provide the molecular basis for the notion that (1) part of the anti-atherogenic effect of aspirin may be due to the prevention of the adhesion of sensitized T cells to stressed EC ; (2) that part of the atherosclerosis-promoting effect of CyA may be due to its potential as an inducer of Hsp60 expression and its inability to down-regulate adhesion molecule expression on EC ; and (3) that down-regulation of MCP-1 expression by aspirin may result in decreased recruitment of monocytes into the arterial intima beneath stressed EC .

text: These

text: data

text: provide

text: the

text: molecular

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: notion

text: that

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: anti-atherogenic

text: effect

text: of

text: aspirin

text: may

text: be

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: prevention

text: of

text: the

text: adhesion

text: of

text: sensitized

text: T

text: cells

text: to

text: stressed

text: EC

text: that

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: atherosclerosis-promoting

text: effect

text: of

text: CyA

text: may

text: be

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: potential

text: as

text: an

text: inducer

text: of

text: expression

text: and

text: its

text: inability

text: to

text: down-regulate

text: adhesion

text: molecule

text: expression

text: on

text: EC

text: and

text: that

text: down-regulation

text: of

text: expression

text: by

text: aspirin

text: may

text: result

text: in

text: decreased

text: recruitment

text: of

text: monocytes

text: into

text: the

text: arterial

text: intima

text: beneath

text: stressed

text: EC


text: 2. Our study involved a group of 60 male and female subjects who were exposed to MTBE and benzene-contaminated water concentrations up to 76 PPB for MTBE and 14 PPB for benzene, for a period of 5 to 8 years.

text: Our

text: study

text: involved

text: a

text: group

text: of

text: male

text: and

text: female

text: subjects

text: who

text: were

text: exposed

text: to

text: MTBE

text: and

text: benzene-contaminated

text: water

text: concentrations

text: up

text: to

text: PPB

text: for

text: MTBE

text: and

text: PPB

text: for

text: benzene,

text: for

text: a

text: period

text: of

text: to

text: years.


text: The mechanism by which TGF-beta inhibits Ig chain synthesis is unclear although it does not involve inhibition of the binding of NF-kappa B or Oct-2 to their respective target sequences .

text: The

text: mechanism

text: by

text: which

text: TGF-beta

text: inhibits

text: Ig

text: chain

text: synthesis

text: is

text: unclear

text: although

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: involve

text: inhibition

text: of

text: the

text: binding

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: or

text: to

text: their

text: respective

text: target

text: sequences


text: We asked whether dexamethasone (Dex) and cyclosporin A (CsA) inhibit IL-2 gene transcription by interfering with the activity of nuclear proteins that bind to the IL-2 promoter .

text: We

text: asked

text: whether

text: dexamethasone

text: (Dex)

text: and

text: cyclosporin

text: A

text: (CsA)

text: inhibit

text: gene

text: transcription

text: by

text: interfering

text: with

text: the

text: activity

text: of

text: nuclear

text: proteins

text: that

text: bind

text: to

text: the

text: promoter


text: Indeed, most mitochondria released all their cytochrome c within a one minute period in a temperature-independent manner, suggesting that an enzymatic transport mechanism is probably not involved .

text: Indeed,

text: most

text: mitochondria

text: released

text: all

text: their

text: cytochrome

text: c

text: within

text: a

text: one

text: minute

text: period

text: in

text: a

text: temperature-independent

text: manner,

text: suggesting

text: that

text: an

text: enzymatic

text: transport

text: mechanism

text: is

text: probably

text: not

text: involved


text: Binding of HMG-I(Y) elicits structural changes in a silencer of the human beta-globin gene.

text: Binding

text: of

text: HMG-I(Y)

text: elicits

text: structural

text: changes

text: in

text: a

text: silencer

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: beta-globin

text: gene.


text: In contrast to the type I receptor, the type II IL-1R has a small cytoplasmic tail, and it is not clear whether this receptor is a signal-transducing or a regulatory molecule .

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: type

text: I

text: receptor,

text: the

text: type

text: II

text: has

text: a

text: small

text: cytoplasmic

text: tail,

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: clear

text: whether

text: this

text: receptor

text: is

text: a

text: signal-transducing

text: or

text: a

text: regulatory

text: molecule


text: First, we show that persistent HIV infection results in the activation of NF-kappa B not only in monocytic cells but also in macrophages.

text: First,

text: we

text: show

text: that

text: persistent

text: HIV

text: infection

text: results

text: in

text: the

text: activation

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: not

text: only

text: in

text: monocytic

text: cells

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: macrophages.


text: These findings further support our previous observations on the distinct regulation of expression of the human HLA-DQ class II subset, which may be thus controlled at the posttranscriptional level by a CIITA-independent mechanism .

text: These

text: findings

text: further

text: support

text: our

text: previous

text: observations

text: on

text: the

text: distinct

text: regulation

text: of

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: HLA-DQ

text: class

text: II

text: subset,

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: thus

text: controlled

text: at

text: the

text: posttranscriptional

text: level

text: by

text: a

text: CIITA-independent

text: mechanism


text: The detection of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) localized in the cell nucleus can be achieved by the same assay.

text: The

text: detection

text: of

text: estrogen

text: and

text: progesterone

text: receptors

text: (ER

text: and

text: PR)

text: localized

text: in

text: the

text: cell

text: nucleus

text: can

text: be

text: achieved

text: by

text: the

text: same

text: assay.


text: Our results demonstrated that the growth-regulated expression of mammalian MCM5 and MCM6 genes, and presumably other MCM members , is primarily regulated by E2F through binding to multiple E2F sites in the promoters.

text: Our

text: results

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: the

text: growth-regulated

text: expression

text: of

text: mammalian

text: and

text: genes,

text: and

text: presumably

text: other

text: MCM

text: members

text: is

text: primarily

text: regulated

text: by

text: through

text: binding

text: to

text: multiple

text: sites

text: in

text: the

text: promoters.


text: 1) Predictors based on sequence and structure exploit the observation that some pairs of sequence motifs, domains and structural families tend to interact preferentially.

text: Predictors

text: based

text: on

text: sequence

text: and

text: structure

text: exploit

text: the

text: observation

text: that

text: some

text: pairs

text: of

text: sequence

text: motifs,

text: domains

text: and

text: structural

text: families

text: tend

text: to

text: interact

text: preferentially.


text: The Transitive module, which can only be used in combination with other modules, increases substantially the scores and number of interactions predicted.

text: The

text: Transitive

text: module,

text: which

text: can

text: only

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: combination

text: with

text: other

text: modules,

text: increases

text: substantially

text: the

text: scores

text: and

text: number

text: of

text: interactions

text: predicted.


text: These are : helper-inducer (memory) T cells (CD4+CD45R0+CD45RA-CD29highCD11a+), CD20+ B cells, and cytotoxic T cells (CD8+CD56+/CD57+).

text: These

text: are

text: helper-inducer

text: (memory)

text: T

text: cells

text: B

text: cells,

text: and

text: cytotoxic

text: T

text: cells


text: V14Rho binds strongly to protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) in vivo; however, deletion of the CAAX site on V14Rho severely diminished this association.

text: binds

text: strongly

text: to

text: protein

text: kinase

text: Calpha

text: (PKCalpha)

text: in

text: vivo;

text: however,

text: deletion

text: of

text: the

text: CAAX

text: site

text: on

text: severely

text: diminished

text: this

text: association.


text: When such cells are precultured for 2 days with a low dose of LPS (20 ng/ml) followed by stimulation with a high dose of LPS (1 microgram/ml), expression of the TNF gene is minimal, i.e. the cells are tolerant.

text: When

text: such

text: cells

text: are

text: precultured

text: for

text: days

text: with

text: a

text: low

text: dose

text: of

text: LPS

text: ng/ml)

text: followed

text: by

text: stimulation

text: with

text: a

text: high

text: dose

text: of

text: LPS

text: microgram/ml),

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: TNF

text: gene

text: is

text: minimal,

text: i.e.

text: the

text: cells

text: are

text: tolerant.


text: Breast tissue biomarkers which accurately predict breast cancer development within a 10 year period in high risk women are needed but currently not available .

text: Breast

text: tissue

text: biomarkers

text: which

text: accurately

text: predict

text: breast

text: cancer

text: development

text: within

text: a

text: year

text: period

text: in

text: high

text: risk

text: women

text: are

text: needed

text: but

text: currently

text: not

text: available


text: Both upstream and downstream regions of its inframe stop codon were required to be longer than 10 codons.

text: Both

text: upstream

text: and

text: downstream

text: regions

text: of

text: its

text: inframe

text: stop

text: codon

text: were

text: required

text: to

text: be

text: longer

text: than

text: codons.


text: The Fc epsilon RI-gamma chains are expressed in a variety of hematopoietic cells where they play a critical role in signal transduction.

text: The

text: Fc

text: epsilon

text: RI-gamma

text: chains

text: are

text: expressed

text: in

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: hematopoietic

text: cells

text: where

text: they

text: play

text: a

text: critical

text: role

text: in

text: signal

text: transduction.


text: levels of expression from two different REV LTRs correlate with reports of pathogenicity of the respective viruses in vivo.

text: levels

text: of

text: expression

text: from

text: two

text: different

text: REV

text: LTRs

text: correlate

text: with

text: reports

text: of

text: pathogenicity

text: of

text: the

text: respective

text: viruses

text: in

text: vivo.


text: By using the human T-cell line (JPX-9), in which expression of the Tax1 is inducible, we showed that expression of mRNAs for Fra-1, c-Jun, and JunD was also transactivated by Tax1.

text: By

text: using

text: the

text: human

text: T-cell

text: line

text: in

text: which

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: is

text: inducible,

text: we

text: showed

text: that

text: expression

text: of

text: mRNAs

text: for

text: c-Jun,

text: and

text: JunD

text: was

text: also

text: transactivated

text: by


text: This defect was localized to T cells and reverted to normal after 48 h in culture media.

text: This

text: defect

text: was

text: localized

text: to

text: T

text: cells

text: and

text: reverted

text: to

text: normal

text: after

text: h

text: in

text: culture

text: media.


text: The same gene segment was not transcribed in IL-5-nonproducing T cell clones , suggesting that human T cell IL-5 synthesis is regulated at the transcriptional level .

text: The

text: same

text: gene

text: segment

text: was

text: not

text: transcribed

text: in

text: T

text: cell

text: clones

text: suggesting

text: that

text: human

text: T

text: cell

text: synthesis

text: is

text: regulated

text: at

text: the

text: transcriptional

text: level


text: Rather than randomly restarting the same search algorithm or comparing multiple search strategies that all search for the same global optimum (and are potentially vulnerable to the same local optima) , our algorithm assumes that the ""biological significance surface"" primarily consists of three local optima, and that one of these peaks represents the global optimum .

text: Rather

text: than

text: randomly

text: restarting

text: the

text: same

text: search

text: algorithm

text: or

text: comparing

text: multiple

text: search

text: strategies

text: that

text: all

text: search

text: for

text: the

text: same

text: global

text: optimum

text: (and

text: are

text: potentially

text: vulnerable

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: local

text: optima)

text: our

text: algorithm

text: assumes

text: that

text: the

text: ""biological

text: significance

text: surface""

text: primarily

text: consists

text: of

text: three

text: local

text: optima,

text: and

text: that

text: one

text: of

text: these

text: peaks

text: represents

text: the

text: global

text: optimum


text: The two most active NFAT-like elements were located at the center of the DNase I-hypersensitive site.

text: The

text: two

text: most

text: active

text: NFAT-like

text: elements

text: were

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: DNase

text: I-hypersensitive

text: site.


text: RESULTS: With the exception of indomethacin , the used immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agents significantly inhibited T cell proliferation in response to influenza virus antigen in a dose-dependent manner.

text: RESULTS:

text: With

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: indomethacin

text: the

text: used

text: immunosuppressive

text: and

text: anti-inflammatory

text: agents

text: significantly

text: inhibited

text: T

text: cell

text: proliferation

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: influenza

text: virus

text: antigen

text: in

text: a

text: dose-dependent

text: manner.


text: Using in vivo genomic footprinting we identified interactions in B-cell lines at the octamer site and the Y, X1, and X2 boxes.

text: Using

text: in

text: vivo

text: genomic

text: footprinting

text: we

text: identified

text: interactions

text: in

text: B-cell

text: lines

text: at

text: the

text: octamer

text: site

text: and

text: the

text: Y,

text: and

text: boxes.


text: IL-5 is produced mainly by activated T cells, and its expression is regulated at the transcriptional level.

text: is

text: produced

text: mainly

text: by

text: activated

text: T

text: cells,

text: and

text: its

text: expression

text: is

text: regulated

text: at

text: the

text: transcriptional

text: level.


text: Transib TPase in Eukaryotes

text: Transib

text: TPase

text: in

text: Eukaryotes


text: DNase I footprinting of the upstream delta-globin region revealed protected sequences corresponding to consensus binding sites for GATA-1 and BP2.

text: DNase

text: I

text: footprinting

text: of

text: the

text: upstream

text: delta-globin

text: region

text: revealed

text: protected

text: sequences

text: corresponding

text: to

text: consensus

text: binding

text: sites

text: for

text: and


text: It is likely that the constitutive activation of STAT proteins is a part of the events of leukemogenesis .

text: It

text: is

text: likely

text: that

text: the

text: constitutive

text: activation

text: of

text: STAT

text: proteins

text: is

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: events

text: of

text: leukemogenesis


text: In a cotransfection assay, the Tax protein of both HTLV-I and HTLV-II specifically activated transcription from the IL-1alpha promoter in an uninfected Jurkat cell line.

text: In

text: a

text: cotransfection

text: assay,

text: the

text: Tax

text: protein

text: of

text: both

text: HTLV-I

text: and

text: HTLV-II

text: specifically

text: activated

text: transcription

text: from

text: the

text: promoter

text: in

text: an

text: uninfected

text: Jurkat

text: cell

text: line.


text: Dl and Ser were also detected in large intracellular vesicles that probably correspond to multivesicular bodies in that they also stained for hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate [46] (Figure 3B–3C'''???; data not shown).

text: Dl

text: and

text: Ser

text: were

text: also

text: detected

text: in

text: large

text: intracellular

text: vesicles

text: that

text: probably

text: correspond

text: to

text: multivesicular

text: bodies

text: in

text: that

text: they

text: also

text: stained

text: for

text: hepatocyte

text: growth

text: factor-regulated

text: tyrosine

text: kinase

text: substrate

text: (Figure

text: data

text: not

text: shown).


text: Expression of dominant negative N17Rac alsoprevents TCR and p21ras activation of NFAT, but without interfering with the ERK-2 pathway .

text: Expression

text: of

text: dominant

text: negative

text: alsoprevents

text: TCR

text: and

text: activation

text: of

text: NFAT,

text: but

text: without

text: interfering

text: with

text: the

text: pathway


text: IFN-gamma mRNA and protein are expressed predominantly by T cells and large granular lymphocytes.

text: IFN-gamma

text: mRNA

text: and

text: protein

text: are

text: expressed

text: predominantly

text: by

text: T

text: cells

text: and

text: large

text: granular

text: lymphocytes.


text: The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) is a eukaryotic transcription factor.

text: The

text: nuclear

text: factor

text: kappa

text: B

text: (NF-kappa

text: B)

text: is

text: a

text: eukaryotic

text: transcription

text: factor.


text: Rather, IFN-gamma antagonized the effect of IL-4 and suppressed the DC and MGC formation induced by GM-CSF + IL-4 and M-CSF + IL-4, respectively.

text: Rather,

text: IFN-gamma

text: antagonized

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: and

text: suppressed

text: the

text: DC

text: and

text: MGC

text: formation

text: induced

text: by

text: GM-CSF

text: and

text: M-CSF

text: respectively.


text: Selective regulation of IL-5 gene transcription may be useful for treating eosinophlic inflammation .

text: Selective

text: regulation

text: of

text: gene

text: transcription

text: may

text: be

text: useful

text: for

text: treating

text: eosinophlic

text: inflammation


text: IL-2R alpha transcription is at least in part controlled by two positive regulatory regions, PRRI and PRRII.

text: alpha

text: transcription

text: is

text: at

text: least

text: in

text: part

text: controlled

text: by

text: two

text: positive

text: regulatory

text: regions,

text: PRRI

text: and

text: PRRII.


text: Activation of NF-kappa B is induced by prooxidants and several stimuli eliciting oxidative stress, such as cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, UV irradiation and other mediators.

text: Activation

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: is

text: induced

text: by

text: prooxidants

text: and

text: several

text: stimuli

text: eliciting

text: oxidative

text: stress,

text: such

text: as

text: cytokines,

text: lipopolysaccharide,

text: UV

text: irradiation

text: and

text: other

text: mediators.


text: The composition of the induced nuclear NF-kappaB (levels of p50 and RelA proteins) was similar in these cell types.

text: The

text: composition

text: of

text: the

text: induced

text: nuclear

text: NF-kappaB

text: (levels

text: of

text: and

text: RelA

text: proteins)

text: was

text: similar

text: in

text: these

text: cell

text: types.


text: Bar is 40 ?m for (A, D, G), 5 ?m for (B–C? and E–F?), and 10 ?m for (H–J?).

text: Bar

text: is

text: ?m

text: for

text: (A,

text: D,

text: G),

text: ?m

text: for

text: (B–C?

text: and

text: E–F?),

text: and

text: ?m

text: for

text: (H–J?).


text: In addition, IL-13 phosphorylated insulin response substrate-1, IL-4R p140, JAK1, and Tyk2, but not JAK3 kinase .

text: In

text: addition,

text: phosphorylated

text: insulin

text: response

text: and

text: but

text: not

text: kinase


text: We conclude that NF-kappaB is a context-dependent apoptosis regulator.

text: We

text: conclude

text: that

text: NF-kappaB

text: is

text: a

text: context-dependent

text: apoptosis

text: regulator.


text: These predictions provide a likelihood of interaction for over 260 million human protein pairs and lead to the prediction of over 37000 human interactions .

text: These

text: predictions

text: provide

text: a

text: likelihood

text: of

text: interaction

text: for

text: over

text: million

text: human

text: protein

text: pairs

text: and

text: lead

text: to

text: the

text: prediction

text: of

text: over

text: human

text: interactions


text: Glucocorticosteroid receptors on leukocytes of patients with SLE were significantly higher than in healthy controls (4419 ± 306 vs 3369 ± 196, p less than 0.005).

text: Glucocorticosteroid

text: receptors

text: on

text: leukocytes

text: of

text: patients

text: with

text: SLE

text: were

text: significantly

text: higher

text: than

text: in

text: healthy

text: controls

text: vs

text: p

text: less

text: than


text: Astrocytes and glioblastoma cells express novel octamer-DNA binding proteins distinct from the ubiquitous Oct-1 and B cell type Oct-2 proteins.

text: Astrocytes

text: and

text: glioblastoma

text: cells

text: express

text: novel

text: octamer-DNA

text: binding

text: proteins

text: distinct

text: from

text: the

text: ubiquitous

text: and

text: B

text: cell

text: type

text: proteins.


text: Although , the level of MNDA mRNA in primary monocytes is very low it was up-regulated at 6 h following the addition of interferon alpha.

text: Although

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: MNDA

text: mRNA

text: in

text: primary

text: monocytes

text: is

text: very

text: low

text: it

text: was

text: up-regulated

text: at

text: h

text: following

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: interferon

text: alpha.


text: However, mutation of the PU box had no effect in the T-cell line Jurkat , where none of the Spi-1 family members is expressed .

text: However,

text: mutation

text: of

text: the

text: PU

text: box

text: had

text: no

text: effect

text: in

text: the

text: T-cell

text: line

text: Jurkat

text: where

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: members

text: is

text: expressed


text: Injection of SEA to adult mice activates CD4+ T cells expressing certain T-cell receptor (TCR) variable region beta-chain families and induces strong and rapid production of interleukin 2 (IL-2).

text: Injection

text: of

text: SEA

text: to

text: adult

text: mice

text: activates

text: T

text: cells

text: expressing

text: certain

text: T-cell

text: receptor

text: (TCR)

text: variable

text: region

text: beta-chain

text: families

text: and

text: induces

text: strong

text: and

text: rapid

text: production

text: of

text: interleukin


text: We showed here by mobility-shift assay that T-cell lines transformed with the virus contained high levels of AP-1 activities.

text: We

text: showed

text: here

text: by

text: mobility-shift

text: assay

text: that

text: T-cell

text: lines

text: transformed

text: with

text: the

text: virus

text: contained

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: activities.


text: Membrane-associated lymphotoxin on natural killer cells activates endothelial cells via an NF-kappaB-dependent pathway.

text: Membrane-associated

text: lymphotoxin

text: on

text: natural

text: killer

text: cells

text: activates

text: endothelial

text: cells

text: via

text: an

text: NF-kappaB-dependent

text: pathway.


text: Furthermore, while ligand-activated c-erbA/TR accelerated differentiation, unliganded c-erbA/TR effectively blocked differentiation and supported sustained progenitor growth in culture.

text: Furthermore,

text: while

text: ligand-activated

text: c-erbA/TR

text: accelerated

text: differentiation,

text: unliganded

text: c-erbA/TR

text: effectively

text: blocked

text: differentiation

text: and

text: supported

text: sustained

text: progenitor

text: growth

text: in

text: culture.


text: Interferon alpha selectively affects expression of the human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen in late stage cells in the monocytic but not the granulocytic lineage .

text: Interferon

text: alpha

text: selectively

text: affects

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: myeloid

text: cell

text: nuclear

text: differentiation

text: antigen

text: in

text: late

text: stage

text: cells

text: in

text: the

text: monocytic

text: but

text: not

text: the

text: granulocytic

text: lineage


text: Inhibitor (IK) of IFN-gamma induced HLA class II antigens expression also inhibits HLA class II constitutive expression in the human Raji B cell line.

text: Inhibitor

text: (IK)

text: of

text: IFN-gamma

text: induced

text: HLA

text: class

text: II

text: antigens

text: expression

text: also

text: inhibits

text: HLA

text: class

text: II

text: constitutive

text: expression

text: in

text: the

text: human

text: Raji

text: B

text: cell

text: line.


text: The Tax mutants M22 and M47 have previously been demonstrated to selectively abrogate the ability of Tax to activate transcription through the NF-kappaB or CREB/ATF pathway, respectively.

text: The

text: Tax

text: mutants

text: and

text: have

text: previously

text: been

text: demonstrated

text: to

text: selectively

text: abrogate

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: Tax

text: to

text: activate

text: transcription

text: through

text: the

text: NF-kappaB

text: or

text: CREB/ATF

text: pathway,

text: respectively.


text: Nonspecific protein kinase inhibition inhibited NF-kappaB activation and TNF-alpha release, while specific PKC inhibition with Bis had no effect on LPS-induced NF-kappaB DNA binding or TNF-alpha release .

text: Nonspecific

text: protein

text: kinase

text: inhibition

text: inhibited

text: NF-kappaB

text: activation

text: and

text: TNF-alpha

text: release,

text: while

text: specific

text: PKC

text: inhibition

text: with

text: Bis

text: had

text: no

text: effect

text: on

text: LPS-induced

text: NF-kappaB

text: DNA

text: binding

text: or

text: TNF-alpha

text: release


text: Expression of PILOT, a putative transcription factor , requires two signals and is cyclosporin A sensitive in T cells.

text: Expression

text: of

text: PILOT,

text: a

text: putative

text: transcription

text: factor

text: requires

text: two

text: signals

text: and

text: is

text: cyclosporin

text: A

text: sensitive

text: in

text: T

text: cells.


text: For each node (i.e. protein) in the filtered H. sapiens and S. cerevisiae protein interaction network, we calculated its degree, defined as the number of adjacent edges (i.e. interactions).

text: For

text: each

text: node

text: (i.e.

text: protein)

text: in

text: the

text: filtered

text: H.

text: sapiens

text: and

text: S.

text: cerevisiae

text: protein

text: interaction

text: network,

text: we

text: calculated

text: its

text: degree,

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: adjacent

text: edges

text: (i.e.

text: interactions).


text: The inhibition of NF-kappa B by PDTC paralleled with an inhibition of spontaneous cytotoxicity mediated by NK cells.

text: The

text: inhibition

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: by

text: PDTC

text: paralleled

text: with

text: an

text: inhibition

text: of

text: spontaneous

text: cytotoxicity

text: mediated

text: by

text: NK

text: cells.


text: NO production by HUVECs is increased after the second A/R challenge, but not after the first A/R challenge .

text: NO

text: production

text: by

text: HUVECs

text: is

text: increased

text: after

text: the

text: second

text: A/R

text: challenge,

text: but

text: not

text: after

text: the

text: first

text: A/R

text: challenge


text: Their method is applicable not only to stop codon readthrough but also to frameshift.

text: Their

text: method

text: is

text: applicable

text: not

text: only

text: to

text: stop

text: codon

text: readthrough

text: but

text: also

text: to

text: frameshift.


text: As expected, the highest likelihood ratio bins for the Combined module are those representing the highest combinations of the three features separately.

text: As

text: expected,

text: the

text: highest

text: likelihood

text: ratio

text: bins

text: for

text: the

text: Combined

text: module

text: are

text: those

text: representing

text: the

text: highest

text: combinations

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: features

text: separately.


text: A clinically relevant dose (25 mM) of acute ethanol treatment in vitro increased NF-kappa B binding activity in monocytes with a preferential induction of the inhibitory, p50/p50, NF-kappa B/Rel homodimer, and resulted in no induction of the p65/p50 heterodimer .

text: A

text: clinically

text: relevant

text: dose

text: mM)

text: of

text: acute

text: ethanol

text: treatment

text: in

text: vitro

text: increased

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: binding

text: activity

text: in

text: monocytes

text: with

text: a

text: preferential

text: induction

text: of

text: the

text: inhibitory,

text: NF-kappa

text: B/Rel

text: homodimer,

text: and

text: resulted

text: in

text: no

text: induction

text: of

text: the

text: heterodimer


text: It was found that the propagation of the Tat mutants containing wild-type LTRs was less efficient than that of the LTR-modified Tat mutants.

text: It

text: was

text: found

text: that

text: the

text: propagation

text: of

text: the

text: Tat

text: mutants

text: containing

text: wild-type

text: LTRs

text: was

text: less

text: efficient

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: LTR-modified

text: Tat

text: mutants.


text: In this procedure we studied dependence of Ei values on the number of the Transib TPases combined with the GenBank proteins.

text: In

text: this

text: procedure

text: we

text: studied

text: dependence

text: of

text: Ei

text: values

text: on

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: the

text: Transib

text: TPases

text: combined

text: with

text: the

text: GenBank

text: proteins.


text: In the present study we have examined the immune modulating effects of RA on IL-2 mRNA, another important cytokine for B cell immunoglobulin production, the expression of IL-2 receptors on T cells, and the RA nuclear receptors.

text: In

text: the

text: present

text: study

text: we

text: have

text: examined

text: the

text: immune

text: modulating

text: effects

text: of

text: RA

text: on

text: mRNA,

text: another

text: important

text: cytokine

text: for

text: B

text: cell

text: immunoglobulin

text: production,

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: receptors

text: on

text: T

text: cells,

text: and

text: the

text: RA

text: nuclear

text: receptors.


text: As a result, Ca2+ signaling and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT)-driven gene expression are inhibited.

text: As

text: a

text: result,

text: signaling

text: and

text: nuclear

text: factor

text: of

text: activated

text: T

text: cells

text: (NF-AT)-driven

text: gene

text: expression

text: are

text: inhibited.


text: Here, we demonstrate that signaling through the TNF receptor family member, the lymphotoxin-beta (LT-beta) receptor (LT-betaR), also regulates HIV-1 replication.

text: Here,

text: we

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: signaling

text: through

text: the

text: TNF

text: receptor

text: family

text: member,

text: the

text: lymphotoxin-beta

text: (LT-beta)

text: receptor

text: (LT-betaR),

text: also

text: regulates

text: replication.


text: Role of the camp response element site in mediating repression by the upstream regulatory region.

text: Role

text: of

text: the

text: camp

text: response

text: element

text: site

text: in

text: mediating

text: repression

text: by

text: the

text: upstream

text: regulatory

text: region.


text: In this report, we describe the transcriptional regulation of the beta-casein gene by cytokines in T cells.

text: In

text: this

text: report,

text: we

text: describe

text: the

text: transcriptional

text: regulation

text: of

text: the

text: beta-casein

text: gene

text: by

text: cytokines

text: in

text: T

text: cells.


text: To study the functional role of ICSAT, we performed cotransfection experiments with the human embryonal carcinoma cell line N-Tera2.

text: To

text: study

text: the

text: functional

text: role

text: of

text: ICSAT,

text: we

text: performed

text: cotransfection

text: experiments

text: with

text: the

text: human

text: embryonal

text: carcinoma

text: cell

text: line


text: HTLV-1 Tax induces expression of various immediate early serum responsive genes.

text: Tax

text: induces

text: expression

text: of

text: various

text: immediate

text: early

text: serum

text: responsive

text: genes.


text: These TRAF binding domains were shown to be functionally important for the RANK-dependent induction of NF-kappaB and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activities.

text: These

text: TRAF

text: binding

text: domains

text: were

text: shown

text: to

text: be

text: functionally

text: important

text: for

text: the

text: RANK-dependent

text: induction

text: of

text: NF-kappaB

text: and

text: c-Jun

text: kinase

text: activities.


text: Treatment of human erythrocytes with 10 microM sodium orthovanadate (NaOV), an inhibitor of plasma membrane Ca-ATPase and phosphotyrosine phosphatase, decreased parasitemia by 30 %.

text: Treatment

text: of

text: human

text: erythrocytes

text: with

text: microM

text: sodium

text: orthovanadate

text: (NaOV),

text: an

text: inhibitor

text: of

text: plasma

text: membrane

text: Ca-ATPase

text: and

text: phosphotyrosine

text: phosphatase,

text: decreased

text: parasitemia

text: by


text: Sequencing of the genomic region between the exons 1 and 2 showed that the alternative 5'-end is a part of the intron.

text: Sequencing

text: of

text: the

text: genomic

text: region

text: between

text: the

text: exons

text: and

text: showed

text: that

text: the

text: alternative

text: is

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: intron.


text: Here we map the cis-acting elements that mediate interleukin responsiveness of the mouse IL-2R alpha gene using a thymic lymphoma-derived hybridoma (PC60).

text: Here

text: we

text: map

text: the

text: cis-acting

text: elements

text: that

text: mediate

text: interleukin

text: responsiveness

text: of

text: the

text: mouse

text: alpha

text: gene

text: using

text: a

text: thymic

text: lymphoma-derived

text: hybridoma


text: These clones were tested for their recognition of BCR1/25.

text: These

text: clones

text: were

text: tested

text: for

text: their

text: recognition

text: of


text: Using this assay, we have detected NF kappa B in extracts of nuclei from normal human monocytes.

text: Using

text: this

text: assay,

text: we

text: have

text: detected

text: NF

text: kappa

text: B

text: in

text: extracts

text: of

text: nuclei

text: from

text: normal

text: human

text: monocytes.


text: TNF and LPS stimulated vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 surface expression and adhesion of U-937 monocyte-like cells to HUVECs but not to HUAECs .

text: TNF

text: and

text: LPS

text: stimulated

text: vascular

text: cell

text: adhesion

text: molecule

text: surface

text: expression

text: and

text: adhesion

text: of

text: monocyte-like

text: cells

text: to

text: HUVECs

text: but

text: not

text: to

text: HUAECs


text: Brief exposure to fludarabine led to a sustained loss of STAT1, analogous to the prolonged period of immunosuppression induced by exposure to the drug in vivo.

text: Brief

text: exposure

text: to

text: fludarabine

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: sustained

text: loss

text: of

text: analogous

text: to

text: the

text: prolonged

text: period

text: of

text: immunosuppression

text: induced

text: by

text: exposure

text: to

text: the

text: drug

text: in

text: vivo.


text: All human adenoviruses transform rodent cells in vitro, but only cells transformed by serotypes belonging to subgroups A (Ad12) and B (Ad3) are tumorigenic for immunocompetent animals.

text: All

text: human

text: adenoviruses

text: transform

text: rodent

text: cells

text: in

text: vitro,

text: but

text: only

text: cells

text: transformed

text: by

text: serotypes

text: belonging

text: to

text: subgroups

text: A

text: and

text: B

text: are

text: tumorigenic

text: for

text: immunocompetent

text: animals.


text: The GCR binding affinity for budesonide was significantly higher in both groups (i.e., lower dissociation constant) than that obtained for dexamethasone.

text: The

text: GCR

text: binding

text: affinity

text: for

text: budesonide

text: was

text: significantly

text: higher

text: in

text: both

text: groups

text: (i.e.,

text: lower

text: dissociation

text: constant)

text: than

text: that

text: obtained

text: for

text: dexamethasone.


text: 7. Our results suggest that the balance between oxidation of SMX to its toxic metabolites and their reduction is an important protective cellular mechanism .

text: Our

text: results

text: suggest

text: that

text: the

text: balance

text: between

text: oxidation

text: of

text: SMX

text: to

text: its

text: toxic

text: metabolites

text: and

text: their

text: reduction

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: protective

text: cellular

text: mechanism


text: The structural classes of transcription factors are described and basic methods for detection and analysis of transcription factors are detailed.

text: The

text: structural

text: classes

text: of

text: transcription

text: factors

text: are

text: described

text: and

text: basic

text: methods

text: for

text: detection

text: and

text: analysis

text: of

text: transcription

text: factors

text: are

text: detailed.


text: Characterization of the human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen gene promoter.

text: Characterization

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: myeloid

text: cell

text: nuclear

text: differentiation

text: antigen

text: gene

text: promoter.


text: RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted) is a chemoattractant cytokine (chemokine) important in the generation of inflammatory infiltrate and human immunodeficiency virus entry into immune cells.

text: RANTES

text: (Regulated

text: upon

text: Activation,

text: Normal

text: T

text: cell

text: Expressed

text: and

text: Secreted)

text: is

text: a

text: chemoattractant

text: cytokine

text: (chemokine)

text: important

text: in

text: the

text: generation

text: of

text: inflammatory

text: infiltrate

text: and

text: human

text: immunodeficiency

text: virus

text: entry

text: into

text: immune

text: cells.


text: All these phenotypes may result from reduced N signaling .

text: All

text: these

text: phenotypes

text: may

text: result

text: from

text: reduced

text: N

text: signaling


text: Addition of neutralizing anti-TNF-alpha antibodies drastically reduced p24 antigen release and prevented CD4+ cell depletion associated with infection.

text: Addition

text: of

text: neutralizing

text: anti-TNF-alpha

text: antibodies

text: drastically

text: reduced

text: antigen

text: release

text: and

text: prevented

text: cell

text: depletion

text: associated

text: with

text: infection.


text: Hence, induction of cell surface expression of this leukocyte adhesion molecule by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was reduced by 40% in the presence of CsA, and this was reflected by a 29% decrease in neutrophil adhesion.

text: Hence,

text: induction

text: of

text: cell

text: surface

text: expression

text: of

text: this

text: leukocyte

text: adhesion

text: molecule

text: by

text: tumor

text: necrosis

text: factor

text: (TNF)-alpha

text: was

text: reduced

text: by

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: CsA,

text: and

text: this

text: was

text: reflected

text: by

text: a

text: decrease

text: in

text: neutrophil

text: adhesion.


text: We have developed a system to monitor the transcriptional activity of NFAT-1 at the single cell level in whole animals.

text: We

text: have

text: developed

text: a

text: system

text: to

text: monitor

text: the

text: transcriptional

text: activity

text: of

text: at

text: the

text: single

text: cell

text: level

text: in

text: whole

text: animals.


text: PMA- but not TG-induced IL-2R alpha is inhibited by the PKC inhibitor H7, whereas TG- but not PMA-induced IL-2R alpha was inhibited by cholera toxin, forskolin and 1,9-dideoxy forskolin.

text: PMA-

text: but

text: not

text: TG-induced

text: alpha

text: is

text: inhibited

text: by

text: the

text: PKC

text: inhibitor

text: whereas

text: TG-

text: but

text: not

text: PMA-induced

text: alpha

text: was

text: inhibited

text: by

text: cholera

text: toxin,

text: forskolin

text: and

text: forskolin.


text: However, mutation of the AP-1 site markedly diminished both the basal and PMA-activated promoter activity.

text: However,

text: mutation

text: of

text: the

text: site

text: markedly

text: diminished

text: both

text: the

text: basal

text: and

text: PMA-activated

text: promoter

text: activity.


text: To gain a better understanding of the impact of long terminal repeat (LTR) sequence diversity on LTR-directed gene expression in cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and immune system, we amplified and cloned LTRs from proviral DNA in HIV-1-infected peripheral blood.

text: To

text: gain

text: a

text: better

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: impact

text: of

text: long

text: terminal

text: repeat

text: (LTR)

text: sequence

text: diversity

text: on

text: LTR-directed

text: gene

text: expression

text: in

text: cells

text: of

text: the

text: central

text: nervous

text: system

text: (CNS)

text: and

text: immune

text: system,

text: we

text: amplified

text: and

text: cloned

text: LTRs

text: from

text: proviral

text: DNA

text: in

text: peripheral

text: blood.


text: We investigated the clinical significance of glucocorticoid receptor determination in 20 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who afterwards developed nephrotic syndrome.

text: We

text: investigated

text: the

text: clinical

text: significance

text: of

text: glucocorticoid

text: receptor

text: determination

text: in

text: patients

text: with

text: systemic

text: lupus

text: erythematosus

text: (SLE)

text: who

text: afterwards

text: developed

text: nephrotic

text: syndrome.


text: HIV-1 can also establish a latent or persistent infection in some T cell lines that show minimal constitutive virus expression.

text: can

text: also

text: establish

text: a

text: latent

text: or

text: persistent

text: infection

text: in

text: some

text: T

text: cell

text: lines

text: that

text: show

text: minimal

text: constitutive

text: virus

text: expression.


text: Such transcription factors play a key role in the development of the mature T-cell phenotype by functioning as 'master regulators of T-cell differentiation'.

text: Such

text: transcription

text: factors

text: play

text: a

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: mature

text: T-cell

text: phenotype

text: by

text: functioning

text: as

text: 'master

text: regulators

text: of

text: T-cell

text: differentiation'.


text: We propose that the inducible transcription factor binding sites in the 5'-UTR comprise a downstream enhancer domain that can function independent of, or in concert with , the LTR promoter to rapidly increase latent proviral transcription in response to cell activation signals .

text: We

text: propose

text: that

text: the

text: inducible

text: transcription

text: factor

text: binding

text: sites

text: in

text: the

text: comprise

text: a

text: downstream

text: enhancer

text: domain

text: that

text: can

text: function

text: independent

text: of,

text: or

text: in

text: concert

text: with

text: the

text: LTR

text: promoter

text: to

text: rapidly

text: increase

text: latent

text: proviral

text: transcription

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: cell

text: activation

text: signals


text: Although negative regulation by dimethyl sulfoxide takes place even when protein synthesis is inhibited by cycloheximide, the phorbol myristate acetate effect is blocked to some extent only by cycloheximide.

text: Although

text: negative

text: regulation

text: by

text: dimethyl

text: sulfoxide

text: takes

text: place

text: even

text: when

text: protein

text: synthesis

text: is

text: inhibited

text: by

text: cycloheximide,

text: the

text: phorbol

text: myristate

text: acetate

text: effect

text: is

text: blocked

text: to

text: some

text: extent

text: only

text: by

text: cycloheximide.


text: Involvement of a second lymphoid-specific enhancer element in the regulation of immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene expression.

text: Involvement

text: of

text: a

text: second

text: lymphoid-specific

text: enhancer

text: element

text: in

text: the

text: regulation

text: of

text: immunoglobulin

text: heavy-chain

text: gene

text: expression.


text: Moreover, simian virus 40 enhancer activity was blocked by the MnlI-AluI fragment in HeLa cells but not in B cells .

text: Moreover,

text: simian

text: virus

text: enhancer

text: activity

text: was

text: blocked

text: by

text: the

text: MnlI-AluI

text: fragment

text: in

text: HeLa

text: cells

text: but

text: not

text: in

text: B

text: cells


text: Inhibition of RANTES expression did not appear to be secondary to IL-2 inhibition and required binding to the intracellular glucocorticoid receptor .

text: Inhibition

text: of

text: RANTES

text: expression

text: did

text: not

text: appear

text: to

text: be

text: secondary

text: to

text: inhibition

text: and

text: required

text: binding

text: to

text: the

text: intracellular

text: glucocorticoid

text: receptor


text: Therefore, the primary effect of the receptor in glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis correlates with transcriptional repression rather than activation and could be mediated by interference with other transcription factors required for cell survival .

text: Therefore,

text: the

text: primary

text: effect

text: of

text: the

text: receptor

text: in

text: glucocorticoid-mediated

text: apoptosis

text: correlates

text: with

text: transcriptional

text: repression

text: rather

text: than

text: activation

text: and

text: could

text: be

text: mediated

text: by

text: interference

text: with

text: other

text: transcription

text: factors

text: required

text: for

text: cell

text: survival


text: Furthermore, the anatomy of interaction between the MHC class II DRA promoter and corresponding binding factors was analyzed by in vivo DNAse I footprint.

text: Furthermore,

text: the

text: anatomy

text: of

text: interaction

text: between

text: the

text: MHC

text: class

text: II

text: DRA

text: promoter

text: and

text: corresponding

text: binding

text: factors

text: was

text: analyzed

text: by

text: in

text: vivo

text: DNAse

text: I

text: footprint.


text: BASELINE's average score never exceeded that of SCOPE (p

text: BASELINE's

text: average

text: score

text: never

text: exceeded

text: that

text: of

text: SCOPE

text: (p