text: Several criteria indicated that the defect in this cell line influences the activity of an isotype-specific transcription factor .

text: Several

text: criteria

text: indicated

text: that

text: the

text: defect

text: in

text: this

text: cell

text: line

text: influences

text: the

text: activity

text: of

text: an

text: isotype-specific

text: transcription

text: factor


text: Our results demonstrate that short-term incubation of these cells with oxLDL activated p50/p65 containing NF-kappa B dimers and induced the expression of the target gene IL-8.

text: Our

text: results

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: short-term

text: incubation

text: of

text: these

text: cells

text: with

text: oxLDL

text: activated

text: containing

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: dimers

text: and

text: induced

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: target

text: gene


text: S9a at 10 to 100 nM inhibited HIV production as potently as 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), an inhibitor of viral reverse transcriptase.

text: at

text: to

text: nM

text: inhibited

text: HIV

text: production

text: as

text: potently

text: as

text: (AZT),

text: an

text: inhibitor

text: of

text: viral

text: reverse

text: transcriptase.


text: Moreover, whereas both Tax and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) are able to efficiently induce the binding of NF-kappa B to the IL-2R alpha kappa B site, PMA is functionally inactive.

text: Moreover,

text: whereas

text: both

text: Tax

text: and

text: phorbol

text: (PMA)

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: efficiently

text: induce

text: the

text: binding

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: to

text: the

text: alpha

text: kappa

text: B

text: site,

text: PMA

text: is

text: functionally

text: inactive.


text: Both NK- and T-cell subtypes are closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

text: Both

text: NK-

text: and

text: T-cell

text: subtypes

text: are

text: closely

text: associated

text: with

text: Epstein-Barr

text: virus

text: (EBV).


text: Thus, pKS(m) is a measure of how m is localized differently in the regulon than in the genome as a whole.

text: Thus,

text: pKS(m)

text: is

text: a

text: measure

text: of

text: how

text: m

text: is

text: localized

text: differently

text: in

text: the

text: regulon

text: than

text: in

text: the

text: genome

text: as

text: a

text: whole.


text: The closest match to the known SP-1 consensus sequence within the respective region is a TCCCCTCCCCT motif.

text: The

text: closest

text: match

text: to

text: the

text: known

text: consensus

text: sequence

text: within

text: the

text: respective

text: region

text: is

text: a

text: TCCCCTCCCCT

text: motif.


text: The results show that eicosanoid synthesis in material from mammary cancer patients is different from that in benign mammary tissue.

text: The

text: results

text: show

text: that

text: eicosanoid

text: synthesis

text: in

text: material

text: from

text: mammary

text: cancer

text: patients

text: is

text: different

text: from

text: that

text: in

text: benign

text: mammary

text: tissue.


text: Comparison of HTLV-I basal transcription and expression of CREB/ATF-1/CREM family members in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and Jurkat T cells.

text: Comparison

text: of

text: HTLV-I

text: basal

text: transcription

text: and

text: expression

text: of

text: family

text: members

text: in

text: peripheral

text: blood

text: mononuclear

text: cells

text: and

text: Jurkat

text: T

text: cells.


text: PMA treatment, and not retinoic acid treatment of the U937 cells acts in inducing NF-KB expression in the nuclei.

label: CUE

label: SCOPE

text: PMA

text: treatment,

text: and

text: not

text: retinoic

text: acid

text: treatment

text: of

text: the

text: cells

text: acts

text: in

text: inducing

text: NF-KB

text: expression

text: in

text: the

text: nuclei.


text: BACKGROUND: The induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) is mediated by mobilization of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B).

text: BACKGROUND:

text: The

text: induction

text: of

text: vascular

text: cell

text: adhesion

text: and

text: E-selectin

text: by

text: tumor

text: necrosis

text: factor-alpha

text: (TNF)

text: is

text: mediated

text: by

text: mobilization

text: of

text: the

text: transcription

text: factor

text: nuclear

text: factor-kappa

text: B

text: (NF-kappa

text: B).


text: Ei-values greater than 1 are indicated by dashes.

text: Ei-values

text: greater

text: than

text: are

text: indicated

text: by

text: dashes.


text: iPfam coverage is low

text: iPfam

text: coverage

text: is

text: low


text: The differentiation of T cells into functionally diverse subpopulations is controlled in part, by transcriptional activation and silencing; however, little is known in detail about the proteins that influence this developmental process.

text: The

text: differentiation

text: of

text: T

text: cells

text: into

text: functionally

text: diverse

text: subpopulations

text: is

text: controlled

text: in

text: part,

text: by

text: transcriptional

text: activation

text: and

text: silencing;

text: however,

text: little

text: is

text: known

text: in

text: detail

text: about

text: the

text: proteins

text: that

text: influence

text: this

text: developmental

text: process.


text: Using a human TSH receptor (TSH-R) cDNA probe, we investigated TSH-R transcript levels in 13 human thyroid fragments by Northern blot analysis;

text: Using

text: a

text: human

text: TSH

text: receptor

text: (TSH-R)

text: cDNA

text: probe,

text: we

text: investigated

text: TSH-R

text: transcript

text: levels

text: in

text: human

text: thyroid

text: fragments

text: by

text: Northern

text: blot

text: analysis;


text: Our data indicate that decrease of ER level in leukocytes may be related to the pathogenesis of type II diabetes in menopausal period .

text: Our

text: data

text: indicate

text: that

text: decrease

text: of

text: ER

text: level

text: in

text: leukocytes

text: may

text: be

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: pathogenesis

text: of

text: type

text: II

text: diabetes

text: in

text: menopausal

text: period


text: Mutations which abrogated the gene-suppressive activity of NRE gamma prevented RFX1 from binding to NRE gamma.

text: Mutations

text: which

text: abrogated

text: the

text: gene-suppressive

text: activity

text: of

text: NRE

text: gamma

text: prevented

text: from

text: binding

text: to

text: NRE

text: gamma.


text: HIV-1 Vpr suppresses immune activation and apoptosis through regulation of nuclear factor kappa B [see comments]

text: Vpr

text: suppresses

text: immune

text: activation

text: and

text: apoptosis

text: through

text: regulation

text: of

text: nuclear

text: factor

text: kappa

text: B

text: [see

text: comments]


text: We evaluated the expression and DNA binding activity of nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B subunits in human peripheral blood monocytes and in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs).

text: We

text: evaluated

text: the

text: expression

text: and

text: DNA

text: binding

text: activity

text: of

text: nuclear

text: factor

text: (NF)-kappa

text: B

text: subunits

text: in

text: human

text: peripheral

text: blood

text: monocytes

text: and

text: in

text: monocyte-derived

text: macrophages

text: (MDMs).


text: Our method can reassess this assumption in a SECIS-independent way.

text: Our

text: method

text: can

text: reassess

text: this

text: assumption

text: in

text: a

text: SECIS-independent

text: way.


text: The authors used a Chinese prescription--Liuwei Dihuang Pills (LDP) to treat the patients for 2 months.

text: The

text: authors

text: used

text: a

text: Chinese

text: prescription--Liuwei

text: Dihuang

text: Pills

text: (LDP)

text: to

text: treat

text: the

text: patients

text: for

text: months.


text: In this study, a CD40-dependent B cell culture system was used to examine the role of different signal transduction elements.

text: In

text: this

text: study,

text: a

text: B

text: cell

text: culture

text: system

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: examine

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: different

text: signal

text: transduction

text: elements.


text: For each species, we list the size of the proteome as defined in Integr8 and the fraction of this proteome that is represented in the protein interaction sets, followed by the total number of binary protein interactions and the fraction of those that contain an iPfam domain pair.

text: For

text: each

text: species,

text: we

text: list

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: proteome

text: as

text: defined

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: fraction

text: of

text: this

text: proteome

text: that

text: is

text: represented

text: in

text: the

text: protein

text: interaction

text: sets,

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: binary

text: protein

text: interactions

text: and

text: the

text: fraction

text: of

text: those

text: that

text: contain

text: an

text: iPfam

text: domain

text: pair.


text: Regulation of glucocorticoid receptors in human mononuclear cells: effects of glucocorticoid treatment, Cushing 's disease and ketoconazole.

text: Regulation

text: of

text: glucocorticoid

text: receptors

text: in

text: human

text: mononuclear

text: cells:

text: effects

text: of

text: glucocorticoid

text: treatment,

text: Cushing

text: 's

text: disease

text: and

text: ketoconazole.


text: Immunochemical and immunofluorescent staining of thymus sections using specific Abs allowed visualization of nuclear NF-kappa B proteins in both thymocytes and nonthymocyte cells.

text: Immunochemical

text: and

text: immunofluorescent

text: staining

text: of

text: thymus

text: sections

text: using

text: specific

text: Abs

text: allowed

text: visualization

text: of

text: nuclear

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: proteins

text: in

text: both

text: thymocytes

text: and

text: nonthymocyte

text: cells.


text: One possible explanation is functional redundancy with the mouse Neur2 gene .

text: One

text: possible

text: explanation

text: is

text: functional

text: redundancy

text: with

text: the

text: mouse

text: gene


text: The ordinate shows the number of distinct such sets, each defined by a different iPfam domain pair.

text: The

text: ordinate

text: shows

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: distinct

text: such

text: sets,

text: each

text: defined

text: by

text: a

text: different

text: iPfam

text: domain

text: pair.


text: BEAM and SPACER are run independently; PRISM runs on the top 100 motifs output by BEAM.

text: BEAM

text: and

text: SPACER

text: are

text: run

text: independently;

text: PRISM

text: runs

text: on

text: the

text: top

text: motifs

text: output

text: by

text: BEAM.


text: The X box region is critical for directing the expression of class II major histocompatibility complex genes in B lymphocytes.

text: The

text: X

text: box

text: region

text: is

text: critical

text: for

text: directing

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: class

text: II

text: major

text: histocompatibility

text: complex

text: genes

text: in

text: B

text: lymphocytes.


text: These effects were characterized by a marked reduction in CD11b integrin expression on the surface of treated cells.

text: These

text: effects

text: were

text: characterized

text: by

text: a

text: marked

text: reduction

text: in

text: integrin

text: expression

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: treated

text: cells.


text: GM-CSF gene activation in T cells is known to involve the transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B, AP-1, NFAT, and Sp1.

text: GM-CSF

text: gene

text: activation

text: in

text: T

text: cells

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: involve

text: the

text: transcription

text: factors

text: nuclear

text: factor-kappa

text: B,

text: NFAT,

text: and


text: Testing

text: Testing


text: The interleukin-2 (IL-2) promoter consists of several independent T cell receptor (TcR) responsive elements.

text: The

text: promoter

text: consists

text: of

text: several

text: independent

text: T

text: cell

text: receptor

text: (TcR)

text: responsive

text: elements.


text: Additionally, the previous methods cannot effectively discriminate pseudogenes from readthrough genes .

text: Additionally,

text: the

text: previous

text: methods

text: cannot

text: effectively

text: discriminate

text: pseudogenes

text: from

text: readthrough

text: genes


text: The human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is a causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia.

text: The

text: human

text: T-cell

text: leukemia

text: virus

text: type

text: I

text: (HTLV-I)

text: is

text: a

text: causative

text: agent

text: of

text: adult

text: T-cell

text: leukemia.


text: Increased interleukin 2 transcription in murine lymphocytes by ciprofloxacin.

text: Increased

text: interleukin

text: transcription

text: in

text: murine

text: lymphocytes

text: by

text: ciprofloxacin.


text: In contrast, the 1.7-kb IRF-CAT construct was inducible by PRL during both G1 and S phase of the cell cycle.

text: In

text: contrast,

text: the

text: IRF-CAT

text: construct

text: was

text: inducible

text: by

text: PRL

text: during

text: both

text: and

text: S

text: phase

text: of

text: the

text: cell

text: cycle.


text: The cells lines described here should be useful for the delineation of signaling pathways utilized in the selective regulation of gene expression .

text: The

text: cells

text: lines

text: described

text: here

text: should

text: be

text: useful

text: for

text: the

text: delineation

text: of

text: signaling

text: pathways

text: utilized

text: in

text: the

text: selective

text: regulation

text: of

text: gene

text: expression


text: In addition, an inhibitor of PKC blocked both activated ras and phorbol ester stimulation, suggesting a role for ras upstream of PKC .

text: In

text: addition,

text: an

text: inhibitor

text: of

text: PKC

text: blocked

text: both

text: activated

text: ras

text: and

text: phorbol

text: ester

text: stimulation,

text: suggesting

text: a

text: role

text: for

text: ras

text: upstream

text: of

text: PKC


text: IL-2 gene expression and NF-kappa B activation through CD28 requires reactive oxygen production by 5-lipoxygenase.

text: gene

text: expression

text: and

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: activation

text: through

text: requires

text: reactive

text: oxygen

text: production

text: by


text: The interactions of Hsp60-specific T cells with arterial endothelial cells (EC) require expression of both Hsp60 and certain adhesion molecules shown to be induced simultaneously in EC by mechanical and other types of stress.

text: The

text: interactions

text: of

text: T

text: cells

text: with

text: arterial

text: endothelial

text: cells

text: (EC)

text: require

text: expression

text: of

text: both

text: and

text: certain

text: adhesion

text: molecules

text: shown

text: to

text: be

text: induced

text: simultaneously

text: in

text: EC

text: by

text: mechanical

text: and

text: other

text: types

text: of

text: stress.


text: In this study, we demonstrate that HTLV-I Tax can physically associate with p100, the product of the Rel-related NF-kappa B2 gene, both in transfected cells and in HTLV-I-infected leukemic T-cell lines.

text: In

text: this

text: study,

text: we

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: HTLV-I

text: Tax

text: can

text: physically

text: associate

text: with

text: the

text: product

text: of

text: the

text: Rel-related

text: NF-kappa

text: gene,

text: both

text: in

text: transfected

text: cells

text: and

text: in

text: HTLV-I-infected

text: leukemic

text: T-cell

text: lines.


text: Transforming growth factor-beta suppresses human B lymphocyte Ig production by inhibiting synthesis and the switch from the membrane form to the secreted form of Ig mRNA.

text: Transforming

text: growth

text: factor-beta

text: suppresses

text: human

text: B

text: lymphocyte

text: Ig

text: production

text: by

text: inhibiting

text: synthesis

text: and

text: the

text: switch

text: from

text: the

text: membrane

text: form

text: to

text: the

text: secreted

text: form

text: of

text: Ig

text: mRNA.


text: A similar comparison with protease-treated extracts prepared from Jurkat cells demonstrated the presence of the band 1pk activity despite an absence of the native RFX activity.

text: A

text: similar

text: comparison

text: with

text: protease-treated

text: extracts

text: prepared

text: from

text: Jurkat

text: cells

text: demonstrated

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: the

text: band

text: activity

text: despite

text: an

text: absence

text: of

text: the

text: native

text: RFX

text: activity.


text: Therefore, the mechanisms leading to disruption of EBV latency appear to be cell-type specific .

text: Therefore,

text: the

text: mechanisms

text: leading

text: to

text: disruption

text: of

text: EBV

text: latency

text: appear

text: to

text: be

text: cell-type

text: specific


text: In contrast, proviruses carrying mutations in the Sp1 sites were totally defective in terms of replication.

text: In

text: contrast,

text: proviruses

text: carrying

text: mutations

text: in

text: the

text: sites

text: were

text: totally

text: defective

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: replication.


text: We now report on the transcription factors which bind and transactivate this enhancer sequence.

text: We

text: now

text: report

text: on

text: the

text: transcription

text: factors

text: which

text: bind

text: and

text: transactivate

text: this

text: enhancer

text: sequence.


text: 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) interact synergistically to induce monocytic differentiation of U937 histiocytic lymphoma cells.

text: vitamin

text: and

text: (TPA)

text: interact

text: synergistically

text: to

text: induce

text: monocytic

text: differentiation

text: of

text: histiocytic

text: lymphoma

text: cells.


text: Signaling events induced by lipopolysaccharide-activated toll-like receptor 2.

text: Signaling

text: events

text: induced

text: by

text: lipopolysaccharide-activated

text: toll-like

text: receptor


text: RFLAT-1 is a novel, phosphorylated, zinc finger transcription factor that is expressed in T cells 3 days after activation, coincident with RANTES expression.

text: is

text: a

text: novel,

text: phosphorylated,

text: zinc

text: finger

text: transcription

text: factor

text: that

text: is

text: expressed

text: in

text: T

text: cells

text: days

text: after

text: activation,

text: coincident

text: with

text: RANTES

text: expression.


text: These observations establish the importance of different signal transducing pathways leading to CD40 activation of B lymphocytes.

text: These

text: observations

text: establish

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: different

text: signal

text: transducing

text: pathways

text: leading

text: to

text: activation

text: of

text: B

text: lymphocytes.


text: Hence, PPAR can positively or negatively influence TH action depending on TRE structure and THR isotype.

text: Hence,

text: PPAR

text: can

text: positively

text: or

text: negatively

text: influence

text: TH

text: action

text: depending

text: on

text: TRE

text: structure

text: and

text: THR

text: isotype.


text: Fludarabine-induced immunosuppression is associated with inhibition of STAT1 signaling.

text: Fludarabine-induced

text: immunosuppression

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: inhibition

text: of

text: signaling.


text: NF-kappa B was examined as one of the many molecular mechanisms for mediating cell death by MTBE and benzene.

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: was

text: examined

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: many

text: molecular

text: mechanisms

text: for

text: mediating

text: cell

text: death

text: by

text: MTBE

text: and

text: benzene.


text: These data indicate that the expression of CIITA explains the expression or lack of expression of MHC class II in human and mouse T cells respectively .

text: These

text: data

text: indicate

text: that

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: CIITA

text: explains

text: the

text: expression

text: or

text: lack

text: of

text: expression

text: of

text: MHC

text: class

text: II

text: in

text: human

text: and

text: mouse

text: T

text: cells

text: respectively


text: At the most proximal P0 site, NFAT-containing complexes devoid of NFAT2 were readily inducible in the Th1 clones, but hardly or not in the Th2 clones .

text: At

text: the

text: most

text: proximal

text: site,

text: NFAT-containing

text: complexes

text: devoid

text: of

text: were

text: readily

text: inducible

text: in

text: the

text: clones,

text: but

text: hardly

text: or

text: not

text: in

text: the

text: clones


text: Reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat elements are efficient promoters in cells of various species and tissue origin, including human lymphoid cells.

text: Reticuloendotheliosis

text: virus

text: long

text: terminal

text: repeat

text: elements

text: are

text: efficient

text: promoters

text: in

text: cells

text: of

text: various

text: species

text: and

text: tissue

text: origin,

text: including

text: human

text: lymphoid

text: cells.


text: Nuisance parameters are parameters that cannot be precisely defined without knowledge of the true binding sites (such as motif length, number of occurrences and orientation) .

text: Nuisance

text: parameters

text: are

text: parameters

text: that

text: cannot

text: be

text: precisely

text: defined

text: without

text: knowledge

text: of

text: the

text: true

text: binding

text: sites

text: (such

text: as

text: motif

text: length,

text: number

text: of

text: occurrences

text: and

text: orientation)


text: This region contains binding sites for the cAMP response element-binding protein/activation transcription factor (CREB/ATF) and Sp1 families of transcription factors.

text: This

text: region

text: contains

text: binding

text: sites

text: for

text: the

text: cAMP

text: response

text: element-binding

text: protein/activation

text: transcription

text: factor

text: (CREB/ATF)

text: and

text: families

text: of

text: transcription

text: factors.


text: Treatment of SKW 6.4 cells with IL 6 induced a transient and early stimulation of c-fos sense mRNA expression.

text: Treatment

text: of

text: SKW

text: cells

text: with

text: IL

text: induced

text: a

text: transient

text: and

text: early

text: stimulation

text: of

text: c-fos

text: sense

text: mRNA

text: expression.


text: The reactivity of murine monoclonal antibodies, anti-CD4-FITC, anti-CD8-FITC, anti-CD2-FITC and anti-calla-FITC, were analyzed using flow cytometry.

text: The

text: reactivity

text: of

text: murine

text: monoclonal

text: antibodies,

text: and

text: anti-calla-FITC,

text: were

text: analyzed

text: using

text: flow

text: cytometry.


text: We therefore named them adenosine deaminase-related growth factors (ADGFs).

text: We

text: therefore

text: named

text: them

text: adenosine

text: deaminase-related

text: growth

text: factors

text: (ADGFs).


text: This protein-DNA complex comigrated with the complex obtained with the purified human p65 NF-kappa B subunit and binding was inhibited by I kappa B-alpha and -beta proteins.

text: This

text: protein-DNA

text: complex

text: comigrated

text: with

text: the

text: complex

text: obtained

text: with

text: the

text: purified

text: human

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: subunit

text: and

text: binding

text: was

text: inhibited

text: by

text: I

text: kappa

text: B-alpha

text: and

text: -beta

text: proteins.


text: Expression of transcription factor genes after influenza A virus infection.

text: Expression

text: of

text: transcription

text: factor

text: genes

text: after

text: influenza

text: A

text: virus

text: infection.


text: The expression of the p50 and p65 NF-kappa B subunits was also shown to be regulated differentially after exposures to 1.0 and 2.0 Gy.

text: The

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: subunits

text: was

text: also

text: shown

text: to

text: be

text: regulated

text: differentially

text: after

text: exposures

text: to

text: and

text: Gy.


text: A possible signaling role for the Syk tyrosine kinase .

text: A

text: possible

text: signaling

text: role

text: for

text: the

text: Syk

text: tyrosine

text: kinase


text: While several lines of investigation have suggested that NF-kappaB/Rel family members make up the CD28 response complex transcription factor , other work has not supported this conclusion .

text: While

text: several

text: lines

text: of

text: investigation

text: have

text: suggested

text: that

text: NF-kappaB/Rel

text: family

text: members

text: make

text: up

text: the

text: response

text: complex

text: transcription

text: factor

text: other

text: work

text: has

text: not

text: supported

text: this

text: conclusion


text: Here we show that , unexpectedly, expression of another viral immediate-early protein, BRLF1, can disrupt viral latency in an epithelial cell-specific fashion.

text: Here

text: we

text: show

text: that

text: unexpectedly,

text: expression

text: of

text: another

text: viral

text: immediate-early

text: protein,

text: can

text: disrupt

text: viral

text: latency

text: in

text: an

text: epithelial

text: cell-specific

text: fashion.


text: It is tempting to speculate that enhanced NF-kappa B expression caused by free radical production/oxidative stress may modulate liver injury, perhaps through an effect on cytotoxic cytokine synthesis .

text: It

text: is

text: tempting

text: to

text: speculate

text: that

text: enhanced

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: expression

text: caused

text: by

text: free

text: radical

text: production/oxidative

text: stress

text: may

text: modulate

text: liver

text: injury,

text: perhaps

text: through

text: an

text: effect

text: on

text: cytotoxic

text: cytokine

text: synthesis


text: Furthermore, our results suggest that events linked to T-cell activation, in addition to NF-kappa B translocation per se, induce functional interactions of the NF-kappa B complex with the HIV enhancer .

text: Furthermore,

text: our

text: results

text: suggest

text: that

text: events

text: linked

text: to

text: T-cell

text: activation,

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: translocation

text: per

text: se,

text: induce

text: functional

text: interactions

text: of

text: the

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: complex

text: with

text: the

text: HIV

text: enhancer


text: For rats exposed to a natural environmental photic cycle or a 12L : 12D artificial light regime, peak values of hepatic GR were detected between 23:00 and 02:00 h.

text: For

text: rats

text: exposed

text: to

text: a

text: natural

text: environmental

text: photic

text: cycle

text: or

text: a

text: artificial

text: light

text: regime,

text: peak

text: values

text: of

text: hepatic

text: GR

text: were

text: detected

text: between

text: and

text: h.


text: Unfortunately, no roX2 mutations have been recovered yet; they would be important tools for validating the significance of the roX RNAs in vivo .

text: Unfortunately,

text: no

text: mutations

text: have

text: been

text: recovered

text: yet;

text: they

text: would

text: be

text: important

text: tools

text: for

text: validating

text: the

text: significance

text: of

text: the

text: roX

text: RNAs

text: in

text: vivo


text: Accuracy, Sensitivity and Positive Predictive Value

text: Accuracy,

text: Sensitivity

text: and

text: Positive

text: Predictive

text: Value


text: These findings indicate that antisense oligomers to p65 can be used to define the role of NF-kappa B in the activation pathways of neutrophils .

text: These

text: findings

text: indicate

text: that

text: antisense

text: oligomers

text: to

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: define

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: in

text: the

text: activation

text: pathways

text: of

text: neutrophils


text: These results suggest that multiple biochemical pathways are involved in the activation of human T cells by R24 .

text: These

text: results

text: suggest

text: that

text: multiple

text: biochemical

text: pathways

text: are

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: activation

text: of

text: human

text: T

text: cells

text: by


text: The gene contains a proximal functional promoter region (-620 to +34), as well as a powerful enhancer located 3 kb upstream, both of which are involved in the response of the gene to TCR activation.

text: The

text: gene

text: contains

text: a

text: proximal

text: functional

text: promoter

text: region

text: to

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: a

text: powerful

text: enhancer

text: located

text: kb

text: upstream,

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: response

text: of

text: the

text: gene

text: to

text: TCR

text: activation.


text: Expression of mRNA for the GATA-binding proteins in human eosinophils and basophils: potential role in gene transcription.

text: Expression

text: of

text: mRNA

text: for

text: the

text: GATA-binding

text: proteins

text: in

text: human

text: eosinophils

text: and

text: basophils:

text: potential

text: role

text: in

text: gene

text: transcription.


text: At variance, in PAEC incubated with the homologous serum, NF-kappa B was strictly localized in the cell cytoplasm.

text: At

text: variance,

text: in

text: PAEC

text: incubated

text: with

text: the

text: homologous

text: serum,

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: was

text: strictly

text: localized

text: in

text: the

text: cell

text: cytoplasm.


text: This allows us to address a number of questions :: what proportion of each organism's protein interaction network, its interactome, can be attributed to a known domain–domain interaction ?

text: This

text: allows

text: us

text: to

text: address

text: a

text: number

text: of

text: questions

text: what

text: proportion

text: of

text: each

text: organism's

text: protein

text: interaction

text: network,

text: its

text: interactome,

text: can

text: be

text: attributed

text: to

text: a

text: known

text: domain–domain

text: interaction


text: The present review summarizes these findings, with a special focus on our own studies on pluripotent endocrine cultures of rat pancreas.

text: The

text: present

text: review

text: summarizes

text: these

text: findings,

text: with

text: a

text: special

text: focus

text: on

text: our

text: own

text: studies

text: on

text: pluripotent

text: endocrine

text: cultures

text: of

text: rat

text: pancreas.


text: Identification of two novel regulatory elements within the 5'-untranslated region of the human A gamma-globin gene.

text: Identification

text: of

text: two

text: novel

text: regulatory

text: elements

text: within

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: A

text: gamma-globin

text: gene.


text: Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) demonstrated that the -300 region of the IL-1beta promoter, which contains a nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) binding site, contained a functional RBP binding site.

text: Electrophoretic

text: mobility

text: shift

text: assays

text: (EMSAs)

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: promoter,

text: which

text: contains

text: a

text: nuclear

text: factor-kappaB

text: (NF-kappaB)

text: binding

text: site,

text: contained

text: a

text: functional

text: RBP

text: binding

text: site.


text: Costimulation results in the activation of a signaling pathway that leads to the simultaneous induction of the two transcription factors, AP-1 and NF-kappa B.

text: Costimulation

text: results

text: in

text: the

text: activation

text: of

text: a

text: signaling

text: pathway

text: that

text: leads

text: to

text: the

text: simultaneous

text: induction

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: transcription

text: factors,

text: and

text: NF-kappa

text: B.


text: NF-kappa B-dependent induction of the NF-kappa B p50 subunit gene promoter underlies self-perpetuation of human immunodeficiency virus transcription in monocytic cells.

text: NF-kappa

text: B-dependent

text: induction

text: of

text: the

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: subunit

text: gene

text: promoter

text: underlies

text: self-perpetuation

text: of

text: human

text: immunodeficiency

text: virus

text: transcription

text: in

text: monocytic

text: cells.


text: In order to understand the relationship, if any, between expression of GATA-1, response to Epo and erythroid differentiation, we analyzed the expression of GATA-1, Epo-R and globin genes in an Epo-dependent human cell line, UT-7 Epo.

text: In

text: order

text: to

text: understand

text: the

text: relationship,

text: if

text: any,

text: between

text: expression

text: of

text: response

text: to

text: Epo

text: and

text: erythroid

text: differentiation,

text: we

text: analyzed

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: Epo-R

text: and

text: globin

text: genes

text: in

text: an

text: Epo-dependent

text: human

text: cell

text: line,

text: Epo.


text: Evidence for distinct intracellular signaling pathways in CD34+ progenitor to dendritic cell differentiation from a human cell line model.

text: Evidence

text: for

text: distinct

text: intracellular

text: signaling

text: pathways

text: in

text: progenitor

text: to

text: dendritic

text: cell

text: differentiation

text: from

text: a

text: human

text: cell

text: line

text: model.


text: PLB-985 cells represent a bipotential myelomonoblastic cell population capable of either granulocytic or monocytic differentiation after induction with appropriate inducers.

text: cells

text: represent

text: a

text: bipotential

text: myelomonoblastic

text: cell

text: population

text: capable

text: of

text: either

text: granulocytic

text: or

text: monocytic

text: differentiation

text: after

text: induction

text: with

text: appropriate

text: inducers.


text: Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism in obstructive renal disease with transient reduction of lymphocytic aldosterone receptors.

text: Transient

text: pseudohypoaldosteronism

text: in

text: obstructive

text: renal

text: disease

text: with

text: transient

text: reduction

text: of

text: lymphocytic

text: aldosterone

text: receptors.


text: To observe hemocyte morphology, samples were analyzed at least 10 min after the deposition of solution with hemocytes, in order to allow the cells to adhere to the surface of the slide.

text: To

text: observe

text: hemocyte

text: morphology,

text: samples

text: were

text: analyzed

text: at

text: least

text: min

text: after

text: the

text: deposition

text: of

text: solution

text: with

text: hemocytes,

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: allow

text: the

text: cells

text: to

text: adhere

text: to

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: slide.


text: TPA treatment of HL-60 cells in the presence of cycloheximide was associated with superinduction of c-jun transcripts.

text: TPA

text: treatment

text: of

text: cells

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: cycloheximide

text: was

text: associated

text: with

text: superinduction

text: of

text: c-jun

text: transcripts.


text: Interferon-alpha activates multiple STAT proteins and upregulates proliferation-associated IL-2Ralpha, c-myc, and pim-1 genes in human T cells.

text: Interferon-alpha

text: activates

text: multiple

text: STAT

text: proteins

text: and

text: upregulates

text: proliferation-associated

text: c-myc,

text: and

text: genes

text: in

text: human

text: T

text: cells.


text: We find that in the absence of EKLF, while human beta-globin expression is dramatically reduced, gamma-globin transcripts are elevated approximately 5-fold.

text: We

text: find

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: EKLF,

text: while

text: human

text: beta-globin

text: expression

text: is

text: dramatically

text: reduced,

text: gamma-globin

text: transcripts

text: are

text: elevated

text: approximately


text: RP1, a new member of the adenomatous polyposis coli-binding EB1-like gene family, is differentially expressed in activated T cells.

text: a

text: new

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: adenomatous

text: polyposis

text: coli-binding

text: gene

text: family,

text: is

text: differentially

text: expressed

text: in

text: activated

text: T

text: cells.


text: Recent studies show that the Toll signaling pathway, which is already known to be involved in the control of innate immunity of both Drosophila and mammals [34], may also be involved in the control of hemocyte differentiation in the Drosophila larva .

text: Recent

text: studies

text: show

text: that

text: the

text: Toll

text: signaling

text: pathway,

text: which

text: is

text: already

text: known

text: to

text: be

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: innate

text: immunity

text: of

text: both

text: Drosophila

text: and

text: mammals

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: hemocyte

text: differentiation

text: in

text: the

text: Drosophila

text: larva


text: In UCSD-AML1, we have also identified fusion transcripts between the ecotropic viral insertion site I (EVI1) gene in 3q26 and GR6 and between EVI1 and Ribophorin I that maps 30 kb telomeric to GR6 in 3q21.

text: In

text: we

text: have

text: also

text: identified

text: fusion

text: transcripts

text: between

text: the

text: ecotropic

text: viral

text: insertion

text: site

text: I

text: gene

text: in

text: and

text: and

text: between

text: and

text: Ribophorin

text: I

text: that

text: maps

text: kb

text: telomeric

text: to

text: in


text: ML-9 also induced alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity, another monocytic differentiation marker, more rapidly than VD3.

text: also

text: induced

text: alpha-naphthyl

text: acetate

text: esterase

text: (ANAE)

text: activity,

text: another

text: monocytic

text: differentiation

text: marker,

text: more

text: rapidly

text: than


text: While this synergy is present in other cell types, in the monocytic cell line U937 calcineurin is also sufficient to activate NF-kappa B.

text: While

text: this

text: synergy

text: is

text: present

text: in

text: other

text: cell

text: types,

text: in

text: the

text: monocytic

text: cell

text: line

text: calcineurin

text: is

text: also

text: sufficient

text: to

text: activate

text: NF-kappa

text: B.


text: Inhibition of LITAF mRNA expression in THP-1 cells resulted in a reduction of TNF-alpha transcripts.

text: Inhibition

text: of

text: LITAF

text: mRNA

text: expression

text: in

text: cells

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: reduction

text: of

text: TNF-alpha

text: transcripts.


text: We suspect that the C/EBP epsilon promoter/enhancer contains a retinoic acid-response element that is directly stimulated by retinoids .

text: We

text: suspect

text: that

text: the

text: C/EBP

text: epsilon

text: promoter/enhancer

text: contains

text: a

text: retinoic

text: acid-response

text: element

text: that

text: is

text: directly

text: stimulated

text: by

text: retinoids


text: It is also clear from the alignment that the hAT termini do not have any second conserved block , which is expected to be preserved if RSSs have evolved from hAT termini .

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: clear

text: from

text: the

text: alignment

text: that

text: the

text: hAT

text: termini

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: any

text: second

text: conserved

text: block

text: which

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: preserved

text: if

text: RSSs

text: have

text: evolved

text: from

text: hAT

text: termini


text: Stimulation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) gene expression by the cytomegalovirus and HIV-2 transactivator gene.

text: Stimulation

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: immunodeficiency

text: virus

text: type

text: gene

text: expression

text: by

text: the

text: cytomegalovirus

text: and

text: transactivator

text: gene.


text: At low GSSG levels, T cells cannot optimally activate the immunologically important transcription factor NF kappa B , whereas high GSSG levels inhibit the DNA binding activity of NF kappa B.

text: At

text: low

text: GSSG

text: levels,

text: T

text: cells

text: cannot

text: optimally

text: activate

text: the

text: immunologically

text: important

text: transcription

text: factor

text: NF

text: kappa

text: B

text: whereas

text: high

text: GSSG

text: levels

text: inhibit

text: the

text: DNA

text: binding

text: activity

text: of

text: NF

text: kappa

text: B.


text: SCL and related hemopoietic helix-loop-helix transcription factors.

text: SCL

text: and

text: related

text: hemopoietic

text: helix-loop-helix

text: transcription

text: factors.


text: The viral protein Tax induces the activation and nuclear translocalization of transcription factor NF-kappaB, which is proposed to play a crucial role in the transformation of T cells by HTLV-I .

text: The

text: viral

text: protein

text: Tax

text: induces

text: the

text: activation

text: and

text: nuclear

text: translocalization

text: of

text: transcription

text: factor

text: NF-kappaB,

text: which

text: is

text: proposed

text: to

text: play

text: a

text: crucial

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: transformation

text: of

text: T

text: cells

text: by

text: HTLV-I


text: Molecular mechanisms leading to restricted HIV-1 replication may differ between certain cell types .

text: Molecular

text: mechanisms

text: leading

text: to

text: restricted

text: replication

text: may

text: differ

text: between

text: certain

text: cell

text: types


text: In this paper, we demonstrate that Tax can also activate E2F-mediated transcription independently of p16(INK4A).

text: In

text: this

text: paper,

text: we

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: Tax

text: can

text: also

text: activate

text: transcription

text: independently

text: of


text: A small 95-bp fragment of the TCR alpha control region that contains the TCF-1 alpha binding site juxtaposed between a cAMP-response element ( the CRE or T alpha 1 motif ) and the binding site for a distinct lymphoid-specific protein (TCF-2 alpha) behaved as a potent T-cell-specific enhancer in vivo.

text: A

text: small

text: fragment

text: of

text: the

text: TCR

text: alpha

text: control

text: region

text: that

text: contains

text: the

text: alpha

text: binding

text: site

text: juxtaposed

text: between

text: a

text: cAMP-response

text: element

text: the

text: CRE

text: or

text: T

text: alpha

text: motif

text: and

text: the

text: binding

text: site

text: for

text: a

text: distinct

text: lymphoid-specific

text: protein

text: alpha)

text: behaved

text: as

text: a

text: potent

text: T-cell-specific

text: enhancer

text: in

text: vivo.


text: The data demonstrate that the IL-10R, unlike other members of the interferon receptor family, is highly effective in recruiting the signaling pathways of IL-6-type cytokine receptors.

text: The

text: data

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: the

text: unlike

text: other

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: interferon

text: receptor

text: family,

text: is

text: highly

text: effective

text: in

text: recruiting

text: the

text: signaling

text: pathways

text: of

text: cytokine

text: receptors.


text: In contrast, released TNF-alpha was not responsible for the homotypic aggregation of Ri-I, Ci-I, Sc-I, and Raji cells induced by mAb L243 , and it did not affect the proliferation of B cells investigated .

text: In

text: contrast,

text: released

text: TNF-alpha

text: was

text: not

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: homotypic

text: aggregation

text: of

text: Ri-I,

text: Ci-I,

text: Sc-I,

text: and

text: Raji

text: cells

text: induced

text: by

text: mAb

text: and

text: it

text: did

text: not

text: affect

text: the

text: proliferation

text: of

text: B

text: cells

text: investigated


text: The activation by p59fyn plus PMA was blocked by EGTA and by the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporin A.

text: The

text: activation

text: by

text: plus

text: PMA

text: was

text: blocked

text: by

text: EGTA

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: immunosuppressant

text: drug

text: cyclosporin

text: A.


text: These studies indicate that maximal LPS induction of the TNF-alpha promoter is mediated by concerted participation of at least two separate cis-acting regulatory elements .

text: These

text: studies

text: indicate

text: that

text: maximal

text: LPS

text: induction

text: of

text: the

text: TNF-alpha

text: promoter

text: is

text: mediated

text: by

text: concerted

text: participation

text: of

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: separate

text: cis-acting

text: regulatory

text: elements


text: The likelihood ratios for different values of the neighborhood topology score are shown in Figure 1B.

text: The

text: likelihood

text: ratios

text: for

text: different

text: values

text: of

text: the

text: neighborhood

text: topology

text: score

text: are

text: shown

text: in

text: Figure


text: If confirmed, this effect would have general significance , since in ADA-deficient mice, inflammatory changes in the lungs include an accumulation of activated alveolar macrophages [41], and this could also be mediated by elevated adenosine .

text: If

text: confirmed,

text: this

text: effect

text: would

text: have

text: general

text: significance

text: since

text: in

text: ADA-deficient

text: mice,

text: inflammatory

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: lungs

text: include

text: an

text: accumulation

text: of

text: activated

text: alveolar

text: macrophages

text: and

text: this

text: could

text: also

text: be

text: mediated

text: by

text: elevated

text: adenosine


text: Analysis of the preexisting and nuclear forms of nuclear factor of activated T cells.

text: Analysis

text: of

text: the

text: preexisting

text: and

text: nuclear

text: forms

text: of

text: nuclear

text: factor

text: of

text: activated

text: T

text: cells.


text: Both phosphorylation and proliferation were inhibited by IL-6 neutralizing antibodies.

text: Both

text: phosphorylation

text: and

text: proliferation

text: were

text: inhibited

text: by

text: neutralizing

text: antibodies.


text: Previously we and others showed by targeted gene disruption that the zinc finger gene, erythroid Kruppel-like factor (EKLF), is required for expression of the beta-globin gene in mice, presumably through interaction with a high-affinity binding site in the proximal promoter .

text: Previously

text: we

text: and

text: others

text: showed

text: by

text: targeted

text: gene

text: disruption

text: that

text: the

text: zinc

text: finger

text: gene,

text: erythroid

text: Kruppel-like

text: factor

text: (EKLF),

text: is

text: required

text: for

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: beta-globin

text: gene

text: in

text: mice,

text: presumably

text: through

text: interaction

text: with

text: a

text: high-affinity

text: binding

text: site

text: in

text: the

text: proximal

text: promoter


text: Loss of heterozygosity in PB granulocytes would be masked by the presence of significant numbers of normal granulocytes not derived from the malignant clone .

text: Loss

text: of

text: heterozygosity

text: in

text: PB

text: granulocytes

text: would

text: be

text: masked

text: by

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: significant

text: numbers

text: of

text: normal

text: granulocytes

text: not

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: malignant

text: clone


text: In contrast, monocytes and IFN-U937 cells responded only weakly to red cells sensitized with either anti-D in sera from mothers of babies unaffected by HDN, or with antisera containing high titre antibodies with specificities not normally associated with significantly reduced red cell survival .

text: In

text: contrast,

text: monocytes

text: and

text: cells

text: responded

text: only

text: weakly

text: to

text: red

text: cells

text: sensitized

text: with

text: either

text: anti-D

text: in

text: sera

text: from

text: mothers

text: of

text: babies

text: unaffected

text: by

text: HDN,

text: or

text: with

text: antisera

text: containing

text: high

text: titre

text: antibodies

text: with

text: specificities

text: not

text: normally

text: associated

text: with

text: significantly

text: reduced

text: red

text: cell

text: survival


text: For example, the major complexes in yeast have been predicted by this strategy 25.

text: For

text: example,

text: the

text: major

text: complexes

text: in

text: yeast

text: have

text: been

text: predicted

text: by

text: this

text: strategy


text: This cluster is probably an artifact of close phylogenetic relationship .

text: This

text: cluster

text: is

text: probably

text: an

text: artifact

text: of

text: close

text: phylogenetic

text: relationship


text: A dominant-negative mutant of NF-kappaB p50 that binds DNA but fails to interact with Ets proteins inhibits the synergistic activation of the HIV-1 and HIV-2 enhancers by NF-kappaB (p50 + p65) and Ets-1, suggesting that physical interaction between Ets and NF-kappaB proteins is required for the transcriptional activity of the HIV-1 and HIV-2 enhancers .

text: A

text: dominant-negative

text: mutant

text: of

text: NF-kappaB

text: that

text: binds

text: DNA

text: but

text: fails

text: to

text: interact

text: with

text: Ets

text: proteins

text: inhibits

text: the

text: synergistic

text: activation

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: enhancers

text: by

text: NF-kappaB

text: and

text: suggesting

text: that

text: physical

text: interaction

text: between

text: Ets

text: and

text: NF-kappaB

text: proteins

text: is

text: required

text: for

text: the

text: transcriptional

text: activity

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: enhancers


text: In this paper, we report that cross-linking of CD28 (but not CD2, CD5, LFA-1, or CD7 ) leads to an elevation of c-jun mRNA, with only minimal activation of c-fos expression.

text: In

text: this

text: paper,

text: we

text: report

text: that

text: cross-linking

text: of

text: (but

text: not

text: or

text: leads

text: to

text: an

text: elevation

text: of

text: c-jun

text: mRNA,

text: with

text: only

text: minimal

text: activation

text: of

text: c-fos

text: expression.


text: Cross talk between cell death and cell cycle progression: BCL-2 regulates NFAT-mediated activation.

text: Cross

text: talk

text: between

text: cell

text: death

text: and

text: cell

text: cycle

text: progression:

text: regulates

text: NFAT-mediated

text: activation.


text: This phenomenon has been termed "A/R tolerance."

text: This

text: phenomenon

text: has

text: been

text: termed

text: "A/R

text: tolerance."


text: To assess the sensitivity of our method, the result was compared with a list of prokaryotic selenoproteins reported by Kryukov and Gladyshev 12.

text: To

text: assess

text: the

text: sensitivity

text: of

text: our

text: method,

text: the

text: result

text: was

text: compared

text: with

text: a

text: list

text: of

text: prokaryotic

text: selenoproteins

text: reported

text: by

text: Kryukov

text: and

text: Gladyshev


text: UAS-Dl (gift from M. Muskavith), UAS-Ser (gift from R. Fleming), UAS-Neur (gift from C. Delidakis), UAS-Ncdc10 (gift of T. Klein), Ser-GAL4 lines, and Ser mutant alleles are described in FlyBase (http://flybase.bio.indiana.edu/).

text: UAS-Dl

text: (gift

text: from

text: M.

text: Muskavith),

text: UAS-Ser

text: (gift

text: from

text: R.

text: Fleming),

text: UAS-Neur

text: (gift

text: from

text: C.

text: Delidakis),

text: (gift

text: of

text: T.

text: Klein),

text: lines,

text: and

text: Ser

text: mutant

text: alleles

text: are

text: described

text: in

text: FlyBase


text: (A) Frequencies of the most frequent nucleotides at each position of the consensus sequence of the 5? TIRs of transposons that belong to 20 families of Transib transposons identified in fruit flies and mosquitoes.

text: (A)

text: Frequencies

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: frequent

text: nucleotides

text: at

text: each

text: position

text: of

text: the

text: consensus

text: sequence

text: of

text: the

text: TIRs

text: of

text: transposons

text: that

text: belong

text: to

text: families

text: of

text: Transib

text: transposons

text: identified

text: in

text: fruit

text: flies

text: and

text: mosquitoes.


text: The Sp1 transcription factor binds the CD11b promoter specifically in myeloid cells in vivo and is essential for myeloid-specific promoter activity.

text: The

text: transcription

text: factor

text: binds

text: the

text: promoter

text: specifically

text: in

text: myeloid

text: cells

text: in

text: vivo

text: and

text: is

text: essential

text: for

text: myeloid-specific

text: promoter

text: activity.


text: However, the ES cell system can be used as an alternative until targeted erythroleukemia cells become available .

text: However,

text: the

text: ES

text: cell

text: system

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: an

text: alternative

text: until

text: targeted

text: erythroleukemia

text: cells

text: become

text: available


text: IL13 is unable to activate JAK1 and JAK3 .

text: is

text: unable

text: to

text: activate

text: and


text: A human T lymphoid cell line, PEER, dies by apoptosis in the presence of PMA and calcium ionophore.

text: A

text: human

text: T

text: lymphoid

text: cell

text: line,

text: PEER,

text: dies

text: by

text: apoptosis

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: PMA

text: and

text: calcium

text: ionophore.


text: Identification of upstream regulatory elements that repress expression of adult beta-like globin genes in a primitive erythroid environment.

text: Identification

text: of

text: upstream

text: regulatory

text: elements

text: that

text: repress

text: expression

text: of

text: adult

text: beta-like

text: globin

text: genes

text: in

text: a

text: primitive

text: erythroid

text: environment.


text: The number of glucocorticoid receptors (GCR) in peripheral leukocytes was determined by radioligand-binding assay in extrinsic and intrinsic asthmatics.

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: glucocorticoid

text: receptors

text: (GCR)

text: in

text: peripheral

text: leukocytes

text: was

text: determined

text: by

text: radioligand-binding

text: assay

text: in

text: extrinsic

text: and

text: intrinsic

text: asthmatics.


text: Anti-E. chaffeensis antibody complexed with E. chaffeensis significantly enhanced mRNA expression of IL-1beta in THP-1 cells.

text: Anti-E.

text: chaffeensis

text: antibody

text: complexed

text: with

text: E.

text: chaffeensis

text: significantly

text: enhanced

text: mRNA

text: expression

text: of

text: in

text: cells.


text: 1,25(OH)2D3 is known to be produced at sites of granulomatous reactions.

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: be

text: produced

text: at

text: sites

text: of

text: granulomatous

text: reactions.


text: There was a normal increase in ACTH, cortisol, and GH (except in one obese patient) in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, while cortisol production was elevated in three patients.

text: There

text: was

text: a

text: normal

text: increase

text: in

text: ACTH,

text: cortisol,

text: and

text: GH

text: (except

text: in

text: one

text: obese

text: patient)

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: insulin-induced

text: hypoglycemia,

text: while

text: cortisol

text: production

text: was

text: elevated

text: in

text: three

text: patients.


text: We demonstrate here the interaction of RANK with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 both in vitro and in cells.

text: We

text: demonstrate

text: here

text: the

text: interaction

text: of

text: RANK

text: with

text: tumor

text: necrosis

text: factor

text: receptor-associated

text: factors

text: (TRAFs)

text: and

text: both

text: in

text: vitro

text: and

text: in

text: cells.


text: In vitro translated MAD-3 protein was found to specifically inhibit the DNA-binding activity of the p50/p65 NF-kappa B complex but not that of the p50/p50 KBF1 factor or of other DNA-binding proteins .

text: In

text: vitro

text: translated

text: protein

text: was

text: found

text: to

text: specifically

text: inhibit

text: the

text: DNA-binding

text: activity

text: of

text: the

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: complex

text: but

text: not

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: factor

text: or

text: of

text: other

text: DNA-binding

text: proteins


text: Dexamethasone treatment completely blocked 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate induction of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity and elicited an increase in the amount of immunoreactive IkappaB alpha in sensitive 6TG1.1 cells but not in resistant ICR27TK.3 cells .

text: Dexamethasone

text: treatment

text: completely

text: blocked

text: induction

text: of

text: nuclear

text: factor-kappaB

text: (NF-kappaB)

text: activity

text: and

text: elicited

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: immunoreactive

text: IkappaB

text: alpha

text: in

text: sensitive

text: cells

text: but

text: not

text: in

text: resistant

text: cells


text: The mechanism by which eosinophil-specific genes encoding primary and secondary granule proteins (e.g. ECP, EDN, EPO, MBP, and CLC) are expressed and regulated during eosinophilopoiesis is also unknown.

text: The

text: mechanism

text: by

text: which

text: eosinophil-specific

text: genes

text: encoding

text: primary

text: and

text: secondary

text: granule

text: proteins

text: (e.g.

text: ECP,

text: EDN,

text: EPO,

text: MBP,

text: and

text: CLC)

text: are

text: expressed

text: and

text: regulated

text: during

text: eosinophilopoiesis

text: is

text: also

text: unknown.


text: So called costimulatory signals, mediated by other cell surface interactions or soluble cytokines produced by antigen presenting cells, are also required for complete T cell activation.

text: So

text: called

text: costimulatory

text: signals,

text: mediated

text: by

text: other

text: cell

text: surface

text: interactions

text: or

text: soluble

text: cytokines

text: produced

text: by

text: antigen

text: presenting

text: cells,

text: are

text: also

text: required

text: for

text: complete

text: T

text: cell

text: activation.


text: Once the final likelihood ratio of interaction (LRfinal) is calculated for a given protein pair as shown in Figure 1B, it is possible to estimate the posterior odds ratio of interaction by multiplying the final likelihood ratio by the prior odds ratio of interaction .

text: Once

text: the

text: final

text: likelihood

text: ratio

text: of

text: interaction

text: (LRfinal)

text: is

text: calculated

text: for

text: a

text: given

text: protein

text: pair

text: as

text: shown

text: in

text: Figure

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: to

text: estimate

text: the

text: posterior

text: odds

text: ratio

text: of

text: interaction

text: by

text: multiplying

text: the

text: final

text: likelihood

text: ratio

text: by

text: the

text: prior

text: odds

text: ratio

text: of

text: interaction


text: Discussion

text: Discussion


text: Because point mutagenesis cannot distinguish between family members , it is not known which protein activates 5'HS3 .

text: Because

text: point

text: mutagenesis

text: cannot

text: distinguish

text: between

text: family

text: members

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: known

text: which

text: protein

text: activates


text: similarities between IL-4 and IL-13 signaling.

text: similarities

text: between

text: and

text: signaling.


text: Lung instillation of TNF-alpha in alveolar macrophage-depleted rats restored the NF-kappaB activation response in whole lung.

text: Lung

text: instillation

text: of

text: TNF-alpha

text: in

text: alveolar

text: macrophage-depleted

text: rats

text: restored

text: the

text: NF-kappaB

text: activation

text: response

text: in

text: whole

text: lung.


text: LP T cells exhibit enhanced IL-2 secretion when activated through the CD2 pathway.

text: LP

text: T

text: cells

text: exhibit

text: enhanced

text: secretion

text: when

text: activated

text: through

text: the

text: pathway.


text: To circumvent this problem, we developed an alternative procedure which allowed us to show that in neutrophils, LPS and TNFalpha induce a NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity which essentially consists of p50/RelA dimers, and that IFNgamma promotes the binding of STAT1 homodimers to the IFNgamma response region of the FcgammaRI promoter.

text: To

text: circumvent

text: this

text: problem,

text: we

text: developed

text: an

text: alternative

text: procedure

text: which

text: allowed

text: us

text: to

text: show

text: that

text: in

text: neutrophils,

text: LPS

text: and

text: TNFalpha

text: induce

text: a

text: NF-kappaB

text: DNA-binding

text: activity

text: which

text: essentially

text: consists

text: of

text: dimers,

text: and

text: that

text: IFNgamma

text: promotes

text: the

text: binding

text: of

text: homodimers

text: to

text: the

text: IFNgamma

text: response

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: FcgammaRI

text: promoter.


text: Our data have implications for the detection of potentially dysfunctional T cells in patients with cancer .

text: Our

text: data

text: have

text: implications

text: for

text: the

text: detection

text: of

text: potentially

text: dysfunctional

text: T

text: cells

text: in

text: patients

text: with

text: cancer


text: Because sex chromosomes appeared relatively late in evolution, dosage compensation evolved independently in different organisms and is accomplished by distinct mechanisms.

text: Because

text: sex

text: chromosomes

text: appeared

text: relatively

text: late

text: in

text: evolution,

text: dosage

text: compensation

text: evolved

text: independently

text: in

text: different

text: organisms

text: and

text: is

text: accomplished

text: by

text: distinct

text: mechanisms.


text: However, we have found that ICSAT has a different repressive effect from that of IRF-2 or ICSBP in some IFN-responsive reporter constructs.

text: However,

text: we

text: have

text: found

text: that

text: ICSAT

text: has

text: a

text: different

text: repressive

text: effect

text: from

text: that

text: of

text: or

text: ICSBP

text: in

text: some

text: IFN-responsive

text: reporter

text: constructs.


text: HIV-1 expression was activated from J delta K cells by treatment with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), sodium butyrate (NaB), or hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), but not tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) , confirming the role of NF-kappa B in mediating TNF-alpha induction of HIV transcription.

text: expression

text: was

text: activated

text: from

text: J

text: delta

text: K

text: cells

text: by

text: treatment

text: with

text: phorbol

text: myristate

text: acetate

text: (PMA),

text: sodium

text: butyrate

text: (NaB),

text: or

text: hexamethylene

text: bisacetamide

text: (HMBA),

text: but

text: not

text: tumor

text: necrosis

text: factor

text: alpha

text: (TNF-alpha)

text: confirming

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: in

text: mediating

text: TNF-alpha

text: induction

text: of

text: HIV

text: transcription.


text: Here, we demonstrate a novel role for IK in MHC class II expression since over-expression of this protein by stable transfection into human B cells led to a total disappearance of constitutive MHC class II mRNA expression.

text: Here,

text: we

text: demonstrate

text: a

text: novel

text: role

text: for

text: IK

text: in

text: MHC

text: class

text: II

text: expression

text: since

text: over-expression

text: of

text: this

text: protein

text: by

text: stable

text: transfection

text: into

text: human

text: B

text: cells

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: total

text: disappearance

text: of

text: constitutive

text: MHC

text: class

text: II

text: mRNA

text: expression.


text: The adult globin expressing cells displayed more extensive footprints than the fetal globin expressing cells in the 3' regulatory sequences of both the Agamma- and the beta-globin genes, suggesting a role of these 3' elements in beta-globin gene expression .

text: The

text: adult

text: globin

text: expressing

text: cells

text: displayed

text: more

text: extensive

text: footprints

text: than

text: the

text: fetal

text: globin

text: expressing

text: cells

text: in

text: the

text: regulatory

text: sequences

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: Agamma-

text: and

text: the

text: beta-globin

text: genes,

text: suggesting

text: a

text: role

text: of

text: these

text: elements

text: in

text: beta-globin

text: gene

text: expression


text: This boundary is established in first instar larvae and is defined by the apterous expression boundary.

text: This

text: boundary

text: is

text: established

text: in

text: first

text: instar

text: larvae

text: and

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: apterous

text: expression

text: boundary.


text: This differential binding of specific NF-kappa B/Rel subunits is likely to mediate the disparate functions of these two NF-kappa B/Rel binding sites .

text: This

text: differential

text: binding

text: of

text: specific

text: NF-kappa

text: B/Rel

text: subunits

text: is

text: likely

text: to

text: mediate

text: the

text: disparate

text: functions

text: of

text: these

text: two

text: NF-kappa

text: B/Rel

text: binding

text: sites


text: NF-kappaB regulates Fas/APO-1/CD95- and TCR- mediated apoptosis of T lymphocytes.

text: NF-kappaB

text: regulates

text: and

text: TCR-

text: mediated

text: apoptosis

text: of

text: T

text: lymphocytes.


text: The comparisons to other motif finding programs in this study are provided to place SCOPE's performance in the broader context of the motif finding field, particularly when viewed from the standpoint of the practicing "bench" biologist.

text: The

text: comparisons

text: to

text: other

text: motif

text: finding

text: programs

text: in

text: this

text: study

text: are

text: provided

text: to

text: place

text: SCOPE's

text: performance

text: in

text: the

text: broader

text: context

text: of

text: the

text: motif

text: finding

text: field,

text: particularly

text: when

text: viewed

text: from

text: the

text: standpoint

text: of

text: the

text: practicing

text: "bench"

text: biologist.


text: Mononuclear phagocytes play a major role in immune and inflammatory responses.

text: Mononuclear

text: phagocytes

text: play

text: a

text: major

text: role

text: in

text: immune

text: and

text: inflammatory

text: responses.


text: The effects mediated by a combined stimulation of cAMP- and protein kinase C ( PKC ) -dependent pathways have been investigated in different cellular systems, and it has been shown that they may complement each other in activating cell proliferation and differentiation .

text: The

text: effects

text: mediated

text: by

text: a

text: combined

text: stimulation

text: of

text: cAMP-

text: and

text: protein

text: kinase

text: C

text: PKC

text: -dependent

text: pathways

text: have

text: been

text: investigated

text: in

text: different

text: cellular

text: systems,

text: and

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: shown

text: that

text: they

text: may

text: complement

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: activating

text: cell

text: proliferation

text: and

text: differentiation


text: The GR in peripheral blood leukocytes in aged runner was 65 % of the control.

text: The

text: GR

text: in

text: peripheral

text: blood

text: leukocytes

text: in

text: aged

text: runner

text: was

text: of

text: the

text: control.


text: The reduction of IkappaBalpha by DZA is neither involved in IkappaB kinase complex activation nor modulated by the addition of homocysteine .

text: The

text: reduction

text: of

text: IkappaBalpha

text: by

text: DZA

text: is

text: neither

text: involved

text: in

text: IkappaB

text: kinase

text: complex

text: activation

text: nor

text: modulated

text: by

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: homocysteine


text: Mapping of the transcriptional repression domain of the lymphoid-specific transcription factor oct-2A.

text: Mapping

text: of

text: the

text: transcriptional

text: repression

text: domain

text: of

text: the

text: lymphoid-specific

text: transcription

text: factor


text: In contrast, CAT gene expression directed by a multimer of the OCT-1 proximal ( OCT-1p ) -binding site was equivalent in patient and controls.

text: In

text: contrast,

text: CAT

text: gene

text: expression

text: directed

text: by

text: a

text: multimer

text: of

text: the

text: proximal

text: -binding

text: site

text: was

text: equivalent

text: in

text: patient

text: and

text: controls.


text: The critical region of THR beta was mapped to 3 amino acids in the distal box of the DNA binding domain.

text: The

text: critical

text: region

text: of

text: THR

text: beta

text: was

text: mapped

text: to

text: amino

text: acids

text: in

text: the

text: distal

text: box

text: of

text: the

text: DNA

text: binding

text: domain.


text: Regulation of sialoadhesin expression on rat macrophages.

text: Regulation

text: of

text: sialoadhesin

text: expression

text: on

text: rat

text: macrophages.


text: Moreover, D-mib binds Ser (E. C. Lai, F. Roegiers, X. Qin, R. Le Borgne, F. Schweisguth, et al., unpublished data) and regulates Ser signaling (this study).

text: Moreover,

text: D-mib

text: binds

text: Ser

text: (E.

text: C.

text: Lai,

text: F.

text: Roegiers,

text: X.

text: Qin,

text: R.

text: Le

text: Borgne,

text: F.

text: Schweisguth,

text: et

text: al.,

text: unpublished

text: data)

text: and

text: regulates

text: Ser

text: signaling

text: (this

text: study).


text: When 18C7 was incubated with MR before aldosterone or progesterone, the antibody inhibited 75-80% of the binding.

text: When

text: was

text: incubated

text: with

text: MR

text: before

text: aldosterone

text: or

text: progesterone,

text: the

text: antibody

text: inhibited

text: of

text: the

text: binding.


text: Discussion

text: Discussion


text: Overexpression of Bcl-2 in tumor cells blocks apoptosis induced by many stimuli, but inhibition of Fas-mediated killing has not been consistently observed .

text: Overexpression

text: of

text: in

text: tumor

text: cells

text: blocks

text: apoptosis

text: induced

text: by

text: many

text: stimuli,

text: but

text: inhibition

text: of

text: Fas-mediated

text: killing

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: consistently

text: observed


text: Taken together, these findings suggest that vincristine resistance confers insensitivity to TPA-induced differentiation and can include defects in PKC-mediated signaling events and induction of jun/fos early response gene expression .

text: Taken

text: together,

text: these

text: findings

text: suggest

text: that

text: vincristine

text: resistance

text: confers

text: insensitivity

text: to

text: TPA-induced

text: differentiation

text: and

text: can

text: include

text: defects

text: in

text: PKC-mediated

text: signaling

text: events

text: and

text: induction

text: of

text: jun/fos

text: early

text: response

text: gene

text: expression


text: High affinity aldosterone binding to plasma membrane rich fractions from mononuclear leukocytes: is there a membrane receptor for mineralocorticoids?

text: High

text: affinity

text: aldosterone

text: binding

text: to

text: plasma

text: membrane

text: rich

text: fractions

text: from

text: mononuclear

text: leukocytes:

text: is

text: there

text: a

text: membrane

text: receptor

text: for

text: mineralocorticoids?


text: In addition to the wild-type B cell line Raji, two class II transcriptional mutant cell lines, SJO and RJ2.2.5, and Jurkat, a class II negative T cell line, were examined.

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: wild-type

text: B

text: cell

text: line

text: Raji,

text: two

text: class

text: II

text: transcriptional

text: mutant

text: cell

text: lines,

text: SJO

text: and

text: and

text: Jurkat,

text: a

text: class

text: II

text: negative

text: T

text: cell

text: line,

text: were

text: examined.


text: Both normal and malignant cells contain gangliosides as important cell membrane constituents that, after being shed, may influence cells of the immune system .

text: Both

text: normal

text: and

text: malignant

text: cells

text: contain

text: gangliosides

text: as

text: important

text: cell

text: membrane

text: constituents

text: that,

text: after

text: being

text: shed,

text: may

text: influence

text: cells

text: of

text: the

text: immune

text: system


text: [Regulatory effect of insulin on glucocorticoid receptor in human peripheral leukocytes]

text: [Regulatory

text: effect

text: of

text: insulin

text: on

text: glucocorticoid

text: receptor

text: in

text: human

text: peripheral

text: leukocytes]


text: These observations suggest that the germinal center reaction provides unique activation signals to B cells that allow for continued, high-level BCL-6 expression .

text: These

text: observations

text: suggest

text: that

text: the

text: germinal

text: center

text: reaction

text: provides

text: unique

text: activation

text: signals

text: to

text: B

text: cells

text: that

text: allow

text: for

text: continued,

text: high-level

text: expression


text: We have previously found a cis-acting region spanning the GM-CSF promoter region (positions -95 to +27) that confers inducibility to reporter genes in transient transfection assays.

text: We

text: have

text: previously

text: found

text: a

text: cis-acting

text: region

text: spanning

text: the

text: GM-CSF

text: promoter

text: region

text: (positions

text: to

text: that

text: confers

text: inducibility

text: to

text: reporter

text: genes

text: in

text: transient

text: transfection

text: assays.


text: The effect of interferon alpha on the MNDA mRNA is also observed in the cell lines HL-60, U937, and THP-1.

text: The

text: effect

text: of

text: interferon

text: alpha

text: on

text: the

text: MNDA

text: mRNA

text: is

text: also

text: observed

text: in

text: the

text: cell

text: lines

text: and


text: STAT1 activity was evident on the STAT binding sequences (SBE) present in the promoters of genes which are up-regulated during monocyte to macrophage maturation such as FcgammaRI and ICAM-1, and in the promoter of the transcription factor IFN regulatory factor-1.

text: activity

text: was

text: evident

text: on

text: the

text: STAT

text: binding

text: sequences

text: (SBE)

text: present

text: in

text: the

text: promoters

text: of

text: genes

text: which

text: are

text: up-regulated

text: during

text: monocyte

text: to

text: macrophage

text: maturation

text: such

text: as

text: FcgammaRI

text: and

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: promoter

text: of

text: the

text: transcription

text: factor

text: IFN

text: regulatory


text: The coordinated production of all blood cells from a common stem cell is a highly regulated process involving successive stages of commitment and differentiation.

text: The

text: coordinated

text: production

text: of

text: all

text: blood

text: cells

text: from

text: a

text: common

text: stem

text: cell

text: is

text: a

text: highly

text: regulated

text: process

text: involving

text: successive

text: stages

text: of

text: commitment

text: and

text: differentiation.


text: Here we show that a large fraction of T cells infiltrating affected joints from a patient with chronic rheumatoid arthritis recognizes two EBV transactivators (BZLF1 and BMLF1) in a major histocompatibility complex-restricted fashion.

text: Here

text: we

text: show

text: that

text: a

text: large

text: fraction

text: of

text: T

text: cells

text: infiltrating

text: affected

text: joints

text: from

text: a

text: patient

text: with

text: chronic

text: rheumatoid

text: arthritis

text: recognizes

text: two

text: EBV

text: transactivators

text: and

text: in

text: a

text: major

text: histocompatibility

text: complex-restricted

text: fashion.


text: Analysis at the phenotype and genetic level showed that lack of CD5 expression was due neither to segregation of human autosome 11, on which the CD5 gene has been mapped, nor to deletion of the CD5 structural gene .

text: Analysis

text: at

text: the

text: phenotype

text: and

text: genetic

text: level

text: showed

text: that

text: lack

text: of

text: expression

text: was

text: due

text: neither

text: to

text: segregation

text: of

text: human

text: autosome

text: on

text: which

text: the

text: gene

text: has

text: been

text: mapped,

text: nor

text: to

text: deletion

text: of

text: the

text: structural

text: gene


text: The v-erb A protein has sustained two amino acid alterations within its DNA-binding domain relative to that of c-erb A, one of which, at serine 61, is known to be important for v-erb A function in the neoplastic cell.

text: The

text: v-erb

text: A

text: protein

text: has

text: sustained

text: two

text: amino

text: acid

text: alterations

text: within

text: its

text: DNA-binding

text: domain

text: relative

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: c-erb

text: A,

text: one

text: of

text: which,

text: at

text: serine

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: be

text: important

text: for

text: v-erb

text: A

text: function

text: in

text: the

text: neoplastic

text: cell.


text: HIV1 infection of human monocytes and macrophages promotes induction or translocation of NF-KB-related factors.

text: infection

text: of

text: human

text: monocytes

text: and

text: macrophages

text: promotes

text: induction

text: or

text: translocation

text: of

text: NF-KB-related

text: factors.


text: This study was designed to determine whether changes in endothelial cell glutathione (GSH) or oxidized glutathione (GSSG) can alter neutrophil adhesivity and to define the molecular mechanism that underlies this GSSG/GSH-induced adhesion response.

text: This

text: study

text: was

text: designed

text: to

text: determine

text: whether

text: changes

text: in

text: endothelial

text: cell

text: glutathione

text: (GSH)

text: or

text: oxidized

text: glutathione

text: (GSSG)

text: can

text: alter

text: neutrophil

text: adhesivity

text: and

text: to

text: define

text: the

text: molecular

text: mechanism

text: that

text: underlies

text: this

text: GSSG/GSH-induced

text: adhesion

text: response.


text: In C. elegans and Drosophila, several proteins with different molecular functions involved in dosage compensation have been identified.

text: In

text: C.

text: elegans

text: and

text: Drosophila,

text: several

text: proteins

text: with

text: different

text: molecular

text: functions

text: involved

text: in

text: dosage

text: compensation

text: have

text: been

text: identified.


text: However, examination of proteasome activity in these T cells using fluorogenic peptide assays revealed a significant age-related decline in chymotryptic activity.

text: However,

text: examination

text: of

text: proteasome

text: activity

text: in

text: these

text: T

text: cells

text: using

text: fluorogenic

text: peptide

text: assays

text: revealed

text: a

text: significant

text: age-related

text: decline

text: in

text: chymotryptic

text: activity.


text: Datasets

text: Datasets


text: This difference in gene regulation suggests distinct biological roles in the control of cell proliferation for the respective proteins .

text: This

text: difference

text: in

text: gene

text: regulation

text: suggests

text: distinct

text: biological

text: roles

text: in

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: cell

text: proliferation

text: for

text: the

text: respective

text: proteins


text: Stimulation of U1 cells by LPS alone induced minimal levels of HIV expression, which was significantly enhanced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).

text: Stimulation

text: of

text: cells

text: by

text: LPS

text: alone

text: induced

text: minimal

text: levels

text: of

text: HIV

text: expression,

text: which

text: was

text: significantly

text: enhanced

text: by

text: granulocyte-macrophage

text: colony-stimulating

text: factor

text: (GM-CSF).


text: First, as we mentioned previously, there is no significant sequence identity between hAT TPases and RAG1, even if one employs a PSI-BLAST search with most relaxed parameters (i.e., E no filters , no composition-based statistics ).

text: First,

text: as

text: we

text: mentioned

text: previously,

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: significant

text: sequence

text: identity

text: between

text: hAT

text: TPases

text: and

text: even

text: if

text: one

text: employs

text: a

text: PSI-BLAST

text: search

text: with

text: most

text: relaxed

text: parameters

text: (i.e.,

text: E

text: no

text: filters

text: no

text: composition-based

text: statistics


text: 2 . Various physiologic concentrations of DEX, ISO, or PGE2 were added at the time of initiation of the cultures and subsequent proliferation of the unstimulated T cells was determined.

text: Various

text: physiologic

text: concentrations

text: of

text: DEX,

text: ISO,

text: or

text: were

text: added

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: initiation

text: of

text: the

text: cultures

text: and

text: subsequent

text: proliferation

text: of

text: the

text: unstimulated

text: T

text: cells

text: was

text: determined.


text: We provide evidence that several NF-kappaB complexes are constitutively found in the nuclei of thymocytes either freshly isolated from the thymus or maintained in coculture with autologous or heterologous TEC.

text: We

text: provide

text: evidence

text: that

text: several

text: NF-kappaB

text: complexes

text: are

text: constitutively

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: nuclei

text: of

text: thymocytes

text: either

text: freshly

text: isolated

text: from

text: the

text: thymus

text: or

text: maintained

text: in

text: coculture

text: with

text: autologous

text: or

text: heterologous

text: TEC.


text: Molecular analysis of the alpha-galactosidase A gene permitted the identification of an as yet undescribed point mutation at position 10182 of exon 5 which causes an Asp to Asn substitution at codon 231.

text: Molecular

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: alpha-galactosidase

text: A

text: gene

text: permitted

text: the

text: identification

text: of

text: an

text: as

text: yet

text: undescribed

text: point

text: mutation

text: at

text: position

text: of

text: exon

text: which

text: causes

text: an

text: Asp

text: to

text: Asn

text: substitution

text: at

text: codon


text: And analysis of the human genomic sequence is sure to lead to a better understanding of the number of mammalian homologs for the various components of the cell death pathway.

text: And

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: genomic

text: sequence

text: is

text: sure

text: to

text: lead

text: to

text: a

text: better

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: mammalian

text: homologs

text: for

text: the

text: various

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: cell

text: death

text: pathway.


text: Since a common pathological finding in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated diseases is the infiltration of HTLV-1-infected T lymphocytes into various organs, we have looked for the profile of adhesion molecules expressed by HTLV-1-transformed T cells.

text: Since

text: a

text: common

text: pathological

text: finding

text: in

text: human

text: T-cell

text: leukemia

text: virus

text: type

text: diseases

text: is

text: the

text: infiltration

text: of

text: T

text: lymphocytes

text: into

text: various

text: organs,

text: we

text: have

text: looked

text: for

text: the

text: profile

text: of

text: adhesion

text: molecules

text: expressed

text: by

text: T

text: cells.


text: Assembled D. melanogaster sequences were downloaded from the Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project at http://www.fruitfly.org/sequence/download.html on 17 February 2004.

text: Assembled

text: D.

text: melanogaster

text: sequences

text: were

text: downloaded

text: from

text: the

text: Berkeley

text: Drosophila

text: Genome

text: Project

text: at

text: on

text: February


text: The right side of the curve illustrates the number of interactions that are predicted above likelihood ratios of 400 and more.

text: The

text: right

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: curve

text: illustrates

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: interactions

text: that

text: are

text: predicted

text: above

text: likelihood

text: ratios

text: of

text: and

text: more.


text: Expression of the Tat protein of HIV1 in human promonocytic U937 cells.

text: Expression

text: of

text: the

text: Tat

text: protein

text: of

text: in

text: human

text: promonocytic

text: cells.


text: Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of human leukemic cells is caused by the repressive function of the glucocorticoid receptor.

text: Glucocorticoid-induced

text: apoptosis

text: of

text: human

text: leukemic

text: cells

text: is

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: repressive

text: function

text: of

text: the

text: glucocorticoid

text: receptor.


text: Overall, our data indicate that Calphostin C prevents the transcription of the IL-1beta gene thereby inhibiting protein synthesis .

text: Overall,

text: our

text: data

text: indicate

text: that

text: Calphostin

text: C

text: prevents

text: the

text: transcription

text: of

text: the

text: gene

text: thereby

text: inhibiting

text: protein

text: synthesis


text: This shift is apparently not caused by a recruitment phenomenon , because in FCS+ culture, the total number of colonies is not significantly modified by RA addition.

text: This

text: shift

text: is

text: apparently

text: not

text: caused

text: by

text: a

text: recruitment

text: phenomenon

text: because

text: in

text: FCS+

text: culture,

text: the

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: colonies

text: is

text: not

text: significantly

text: modified

text: by

text: RA

text: addition.


text: The results of reporter gene analyses revealed that the insulin gene promoter is more sensitive to glycation than the control beta-actin gene promoter; approximately 50 and 80% of the insulin gene promoter activity was lost when the cells were kept for 3 d in the presence of 40 and 60 mM D-ribose, respectively.

text: The

text: results

text: of

text: reporter

text: gene

text: analyses

text: revealed

text: that

text: the

text: insulin

text: gene

text: promoter

text: is

text: more

text: sensitive

text: to

text: glycation

text: than

text: the

text: control

text: beta-actin

text: gene

text: promoter;

text: approximately

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: insulin

text: gene

text: promoter

text: activity

text: was

text: lost

text: when

text: the

text: cells

text: were

text: kept

text: for

text: d

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: and

text: mM

text: D-ribose,

text: respectively.


text: In addition, in vitro differentiation of monocytes to a macrophage-like cell resulted in decreased amounts of REF-1.

text: In

text: addition,

text: in

text: vitro

text: differentiation

text: of

text: monocytes

text: to

text: a

text: macrophage-like

text: cell

text: resulted

text: in

text: decreased

text: amounts

text: of


text: These results provide the first direct evidence that both CsA-sensitive transcription factors, NFATp and NFATc, are expressed in human NK cells, and that their activation and/or expression can be regulated in primary cells by a single stimulus, that, in the case of CD16 in NK cells, results in early activation of NFATp and subsequently induced expression of NFATc mRNA.

text: These

text: results

text: provide

text: the

text: first

text: direct

text: evidence

text: that

text: both

text: CsA-sensitive

text: transcription

text: factors,

text: NFATp

text: and

text: NFATc,

text: are

text: expressed

text: in

text: human

text: NK

text: cells,

text: and

text: that

text: their

text: activation

text: and/or

text: expression

text: can

text: be

text: regulated

text: in

text: primary

text: cells

text: by

text: a

text: single

text: stimulus,

text: that,

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: in

text: NK

text: cells,

text: results

text: in

text: early

text: activation

text: of

text: NFATp

text: and

text: subsequently

text: induced

text: expression

text: of

text: NFATc

text: mRNA.


text: Using this antibody, we isolated and sequenced a human cDNA clone encoding a protein that was identical to the mammalian 27-kDa heat shock protein (HSP27), a protein of uncertain function that is known to be phosphorylated to several forms and to be transcriptionally induced by estrogen.

text: Using

text: this

text: antibody,

text: we

text: isolated

text: and

text: sequenced

text: a

text: human

text: cDNA

text: clone

text: encoding

text: a

text: protein

text: that

text: was

text: identical

text: to

text: the

text: mammalian

text: heat

text: shock

text: protein

text: a

text: protein

text: of

text: uncertain

text: function

text: that

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: be

text: phosphorylated

text: to

text: several

text: forms

text: and

text: to

text: be

text: transcriptionally

text: induced

text: by

text: estrogen.


text: The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) family of transcription factors regulates genes involved in inflammation, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation.

text: The

text: nuclear

text: factor-kappa

text: B

text: (NF-kappaB)

text: family

text: of

text: transcription

text: factors

text: regulates

text: genes

text: involved

text: in

text: inflammation,

text: cell

text: proliferation,

text: and

text: cell

text: differentiation.


text: Because leukocyte-mediated tissue damage is an important component of the pathologic picture in ischemia/reperfusion, we have sought mechanisms by which PMNs are directed into hypoxic tissue.

text: Because

text: leukocyte-mediated

text: tissue

text: damage

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: pathologic

text: picture

text: in

text: ischemia/reperfusion,

text: we

text: have

text: sought

text: mechanisms

text: by

text: which

text: PMNs

text: are

text: directed

text: into

text: hypoxic

text: tissue.


text: All cells tested express TAFII105 mRNA, but only B cells contain significant levels of protein associated with TFIID.

text: All

text: cells

text: tested

text: express

text: mRNA,

text: but

text: only

text: B

text: cells

text: contain

text: significant

text: levels

text: of

text: protein

text: associated

text: with

text: TFIID.


text: Maximal LPS induction of the TF promoter required the two AP-1 sites and the kappa B site within the LPS response element.

text: Maximal

text: LPS

text: induction

text: of

text: the

text: TF

text: promoter

text: required

text: the

text: two

text: sites

text: and

text: the

text: kappa

text: B

text: site

text: within

text: the

text: LPS

text: response

text: element.


text: Instead, they form tight complexes with two different classes of abundant cytosolic receptors called immunophilins upon entering the cell, and consequently inhibit their peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase activities.

text: Instead,

text: they

text: form

text: tight

text: complexes

text: with

text: two

text: different

text: classes

text: of

text: abundant

text: cytosolic

text: receptors

text: called

text: immunophilins

text: upon

text: entering

text: the

text: cell,

text: and

text: consequently

text: inhibit

text: their

text: peptidyl

text: prolyl

text: cis-trans

text: isomerase

text: activities.


text: The likelihood ratio of interaction for a given state is simply the ratio of the proportion of all positives that have that state divided by the proportion of all negatives that have that same state.

text: The

text: likelihood

text: ratio

text: of

text: interaction

text: for

text: a

text: given

text: state

text: is

text: simply

text: the

text: ratio

text: of

text: the

text: proportion

text: of

text: all

text: positives

text: that

text: have

text: that

text: state

text: divided

text: by

text: the

text: proportion

text: of

text: all

text: negatives

text: that

text: have

text: that

text: same

text: state.


text: When freshly isolated, highly enriched (> 98%) T cells are examined for IFN-gamma responsiveness;

text: When

text: freshly

text: isolated,

text: highly

text: enriched

text: T

text: cells

text: are

text: examined

text: for

text: IFN-gamma

text: responsiveness;


text: This recognition does not require any of the known roX RNAs .

text: This

text: recognition

text: does

text: not

text: require

text: any

text: of

text: the

text: known

text: roX

text: RNAs


text: Finally, two other domains, located at positions -460 and -510, interact with proteins that are only present in megakaryocytic cells.

text: Finally,

text: two

text: other

text: domains,

text: located

text: at

text: positions

text: and

text: interact

text: with

text: proteins

text: that

text: are

text: only

text: present

text: in

text: megakaryocytic

text: cells.


text: Inhibition of T cell signaling by mitogen-activated protein kinase-targeted hematopoietic tyrosine phosphatase (HePTP).

text: Inhibition

text: of

text: T

text: cell

text: signaling

text: by

text: mitogen-activated

text: protein

text: kinase-targeted

text: hematopoietic

text: tyrosine

text: phosphatase

text: (HePTP).


text: To examine the factors controlling vascular-specific expression of PECAM-1, we cloned the 5'-flanking region of the PECAM-1 gene and analyzed its transcriptional activity.

text: To

text: examine

text: the

text: factors

text: controlling

text: vascular-specific

text: expression

text: of

text: we

text: cloned

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: gene

text: and

text: analyzed

text: its

text: transcriptional

text: activity.


text: The process of activation involves calcium mobilization, activation of protein kinase C (PKC), and phosphorylation of tyrosine kinases.

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: activation

text: involves

text: calcium

text: mobilization,

text: activation

text: of

text: protein

text: kinase

text: C

text: (PKC),

text: and

text: phosphorylation

text: of

text: tyrosine

text: kinases.


text: The same agents induce transcription from the interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain and interleukin-2 genes, depending on promoter elements that bind the inducible transcription factor NF-kappa B (or an NF-kappa B-like factor).

text: The

text: same

text: agents

text: induce

text: transcription

text: from

text: the

text: receptor

text: alpha-chain

text: and

text: genes,

text: depending

text: on

text: promoter

text: elements

text: that

text: bind

text: the

text: inducible

text: transcription

text: factor

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: (or

text: an

text: NF-kappa

text: B-like

text: factor).


text: To ensure statistical validity and avoid such a bias, we developed a simple Bonferroni-like correction, which penalized every proposed motif proportional to its length and degree of degeneracy, resulting in a modest improvement of 8% in SCOPE's accuracy.

text: To

text: ensure

text: statistical

text: validity

text: and

text: avoid

text: such

text: a

text: bias,

text: we

text: developed

text: a

text: simple

text: Bonferroni-like

text: correction,

text: which

text: penalized

text: every

text: proposed

text: motif

text: proportional

text: to

text: its

text: length

text: and

text: degree

text: of

text: degeneracy,

text: resulting

text: in

text: a

text: modest

text: improvement

text: of

text: in

text: SCOPE's

text: accuracy.


text: These cells had properties of both natural killer (NK) and pre-T cells.

text: These

text: cells

text: had

text: properties

text: of

text: both

text: natural

text: killer

text: (NK)

text: and

text: pre-T

text: cells.


text: During the differentiation process of cells from the monocytic cell line THP-1 we observed a transient transcriptional upregulation of a human carboxylesterase analyzed by means of Northern blots.

text: During

text: the

text: differentiation

text: process

text: of

text: cells

text: from

text: the

text: monocytic

text: cell

text: line

text: we

text: observed

text: a

text: transient

text: transcriptional

text: upregulation

text: of

text: a

text: human

text: carboxylesterase

text: analyzed

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: Northern

text: blots.