text: Two explanations for hyporesponsiveness of the human iNOS promoter to LPS ± IFN-gamma were found: (1) multiple inactivating nucleotide substitutions in the human counterpart of the enhancer element that has been shown to regulate LPS/IFN-gamma induced expression of the mouse iNOS gene; and (2) and absence of one or more nuclear factors in human macrophages (e.g., an LPS-inducible nuclear factor-kappa B/Rel complex) , that is (are) required for maximal expression of the gene.

text: Two

text: explanations

text: for

text: hyporesponsiveness

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: iNOS

text: promoter

text: to

text: LPS

text: IFN-gamma

text: were

text: found:

text: multiple

text: inactivating

text: nucleotide

text: substitutions

text: in

text: the

text: human

text: counterpart

text: of

text: the

text: enhancer

text: element

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: regulate

text: LPS/IFN-gamma

text: induced

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: mouse

text: iNOS

text: gene;

text: and

text: and

text: absence

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: nuclear

text: factors

text: in

text: human

text: macrophages

text: (e.g.,

text: an

text: LPS-inducible

text: nuclear

text: factor-kappa

text: B/Rel

text: complex)

text: that

text: is

text: (are)

text: required

text: for

text: maximal

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: gene.


text: Because of the efficient binding of TG by surrogate receptors on non-T cells, we assessed the ability of such cells to present TG to T cells.

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: efficient

text: binding

text: of

text: TG

text: by

text: surrogate

text: receptors

text: on

text: non-T

text: cells,

text: we

text: assessed

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: such

text: cells

text: to

text: present

text: TG

text: to

text: T

text: cells.


text: The lancelet RAG1L_BF protein is encoded by several overlapping WGS trace sequences (for example, GenBank Trace Archive identification numbers 543943730, 538583629).

text: The

text: lancelet

text: protein

text: is

text: encoded

text: by

text: several

text: overlapping

text: WGS

text: trace

text: sequences

text: (for

text: example,

text: GenBank

text: Trace

text: Archive

text: identification

text: numbers


text: Arguably, systematic parameter optimization for each of these programs may well yield higher accuracy scores than those reported here .

text: Arguably,

text: systematic

text: parameter

text: optimization

text: for

text: each

text: of

text: these

text: programs

text: may

text: well

text: yield

text: higher

text: accuracy

text: scores

text: than

text: those

text: reported

text: here


text: The electrophoretic mobility shift assay with extracts of COS cells expressing GATA-binding proteins showed that GATA-4 has the highest binding affinity to the -70 GATA site among the three GATA-binding proteins.

text: The

text: electrophoretic

text: mobility

text: shift

text: assay

text: with

text: extracts

text: of

text: COS

text: cells

text: expressing

text: GATA-binding

text: proteins

text: showed

text: that

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: binding

text: affinity

text: to

text: the

text: GATA

text: site

text: among

text: the

text: three

text: GATA-binding

text: proteins.


text: The rate of mitochondrial release of cytochrome c in mammalian cells undergoing apoptosis was recently measured and found to be rapid [18].

text: The

text: rate

text: of

text: mitochondrial

text: release

text: of

text: cytochrome

text: c

text: in

text: mammalian

text: cells

text: undergoing

text: apoptosis

text: was

text: recently

text: measured

text: and

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: rapid


text: Interaction between the stage selector element (SSE) in the proximal gamma-globin promoter and hypersensitivity site 2 in the locus control region partly mediates the competitive silencing of the beta-globin promoter in the fetal developmental stage.

text: Interaction

text: between

text: the

text: stage

text: selector

text: element

text: (SSE)

text: in

text: the

text: proximal

text: gamma-globin

text: promoter

text: and

text: hypersensitivity

text: site

text: in

text: the

text: locus

text: control

text: region

text: partly

text: mediates

text: the

text: competitive

text: silencing

text: of

text: the

text: beta-globin

text: promoter

text: in

text: the

text: fetal

text: developmental

text: stage.


text: This factor is present in an active form in a variety of cell types but is apparently unable to bind to the endogenous Ig heavy chain enhancer in non-B cells , perhaps due to a non-permissive chromatin structure of the Ig heavy chain locus .

label: SCOPE

label: CUE

text: This

text: factor

text: is

text: present

text: in

text: an

text: active

text: form

text: in

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: cell

text: types

text: but

text: is

text: apparently

text: unable

text: to

text: bind

text: to

text: the

text: endogenous

text: Ig

text: heavy

text: chain

text: enhancer

text: in

text: non-B

text: cells

text: perhaps

text: due

text: to

text: a

text: non-permissive

text: chromatin

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: Ig

text: heavy

text: chain

text: locus


text: ISG15 mRNA accumulation in U937 cells is not detectable before 6 h of IFN-alpha treatment , peaks at 24 h, and requires protein synthesis.

text: mRNA

text: accumulation

text: in

text: cells

text: is

text: not

text: detectable

text: before

text: h

text: of

text: IFN-alpha

text: treatment

text: peaks

text: at

text: h,

text: and

text: requires

text: protein

text: synthesis.


text: [Changes in leucocytic estrogen receptor levels in patients with climacteric syndrome and therapeutic effect of liuwei dihuang pills]

text: [Changes

text: in

text: leucocytic

text: estrogen

text: receptor

text: levels

text: in

text: patients

text: with

text: climacteric

text: syndrome

text: and

text: therapeutic

text: effect

text: of

text: liuwei

text: dihuang

text: pills]


text: The role of the viral trans-activator Tax protein in the induction of VCAM-1 was first indicated by the detection of this adhesion molecule on Jurkat T-cell clones stably expressing the tax gene.

text: The

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: viral

text: trans-activator

text: Tax

text: protein

text: in

text: the

text: induction

text: of

text: was

text: first

text: indicated

text: by

text: the

text: detection

text: of

text: this

text: adhesion

text: molecule

text: on

text: Jurkat

text: T-cell

text: clones

text: stably

text: expressing

text: the

text: tax

text: gene.


text: Using a fragment of K protein as bait in the yeast two-hybrid screen, we isolated a cDNA that encodes a protein whose primary structure has extensive similarity to the Drosophila melanogaster extra sex combs (esc) gene product, Esc, a putative silencer of homeotic genes.

text: Using

text: a

text: fragment

text: of

text: K

text: protein

text: as

text: bait

text: in

text: the

text: yeast

text: two-hybrid

text: screen,

text: we

text: isolated

text: a

text: cDNA

text: that

text: encodes

text: a

text: protein

text: whose

text: primary

text: structure

text: has

text: extensive

text: similarity

text: to

text: the

text: Drosophila

text: melanogaster

text: extra

text: sex

text: combs

text: (esc)

text: gene

text: product,

text: Esc,

text: a

text: putative

text: silencer

text: of

text: homeotic

text: genes.


text: Altogether these data indicate that , in 7TD1 cells, IL-6 controls junB transcription in a biphasic fashion by means of two separate transduction pathways .

text: Altogether

text: these

text: data

text: indicate

text: that

text: in

text: cells,

text: controls

text: junB

text: transcription

text: in

text: a

text: biphasic

text: fashion

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: two

text: separate

text: transduction

text: pathways


text: Upon cotransfection into non-T cells, TCF-1 could transactivate through its cognate motif .

text: Upon

text: cotransfection

text: into

text: non-T

text: cells,

text: could

text: transactivate

text: through

text: its

text: cognate

text: motif


text: Moreover, since inhibition of protein synthesis leads to accumulation of I kappa B alpha/MAD-3 mRNA without stimulating I kappa B alpha/MAD-3 gene transcription , we suggest that low cytoplasmic levels of I kappa B alpha/MAD-3 mRNA are maintained by a translation-dependent degradation mechanism .

text: Moreover,

text: since

text: inhibition

text: of

text: protein

text: synthesis

text: leads

text: to

text: accumulation

text: of

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: mRNA

text: without

text: stimulating

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: gene

text: transcription

text: we

text: suggest

text: that

text: low

text: cytoplasmic

text: levels

text: of

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: mRNA

text: are

text: maintained

text: by

text: a

text: translation-dependent

text: degradation

text: mechanism


text: CD2, but not CD3 , cross-linking increased cAMP detected by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) approximately fourfold.

text: but

text: not

text: cross-linking

text: increased

text: cAMP

text: detected

text: by

text: competitive

text: enzyme-linked

text: immunosorbent

text: assay

text: (ELISA)

text: approximately

text: fourfold.


text: By analyzing the lancelet WGS traces, we also found that the lancelet genome encodes five different proteins similar to the N-terminal domain of RAG1 (BLASTP E values in searches against all GenBank proteins were in a range of 10-14–10-7).

text: By

text: analyzing

text: the

text: lancelet

text: WGS

text: traces,

text: we

text: also

text: found

text: that

text: the

text: lancelet

text: genome

text: encodes

text: five

text: different

text: proteins

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: N-terminal

text: domain

text: of

text: (BLASTP

text: E

text: values

text: in

text: searches

text: against

text: all

text: GenBank

text: proteins

text: were

text: in

text: a

text: range

text: of


text: Calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, is the FK-506- and CsA-sensitive enzyme required for TcR mediated activation of the IL-2 promoter.

text: Calcineurin,

text: a

text: protein

text: phosphatase,

text: is

text: the

text: and

text: CsA-sensitive

text: enzyme

text: required

text: for

text: TcR

text: mediated

text: activation

text: of

text: the

text: promoter.


text: Similarly, none of SCOPE's component algorithms outperformed the other ten programs on this dataset by a statistically significant margin .

text: Similarly,

text: of

text: SCOPE's

text: component

text: algorithms

text: outperformed

text: the

text: other

text: ten

text: programs

text: on

text: this

text: dataset

text: by

text: a

text: statistically

text: significant

text: margin


text: this factor, termed IL-6 kappa B binding factor II, appears to contain the c-Rel homodimer and preferentially recognizes several IL-6 kappa B-related kappa B motifs .

text: this

text: factor,

text: termed

text: kappa

text: B

text: binding

text: factor

text: II,

text: appears

text: to

text: contain

text: the

text: c-Rel

text: homodimer

text: and

text: preferentially

text: recognizes

text: several

text: kappa

text: B-related

text: kappa

text: B

text: motifs


text: We have constructed an HIV-1 genome carrying the cDNA of a proteolysis-resistant nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitor (IkappaB-alphaS32/36A) in the nef region.

text: We

text: have

text: constructed

text: an

text: genome

text: carrying

text: the

text: cDNA

text: of

text: a

text: proteolysis-resistant

text: nuclear

text: factor-kappaB

text: inhibitor

text: in

text: the

text: nef

text: region.


text: The ATRA-induced expression of IRF-1, an activator of transcription and repressor of transformation, may be one of the molecular mechanisms of ATRA-induced growth inhibition, and the basis for the synergistic actions of ATRA and IFNs in myeloid leukemia cells .

text: The

text: ATRA-induced

text: expression

text: of

text: an

text: activator

text: of

text: transcription

text: and

text: repressor

text: of

text: transformation,

text: may

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: molecular

text: mechanisms

text: of

text: ATRA-induced

text: growth

text: inhibition,

text: and

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: synergistic

text: actions

text: of

text: ATRA

text: and

text: IFNs

text: in

text: myeloid

text: leukemia

text: cells


text: AP-1 has been shown to behave as a redox-sensitive transcription factor that can be activated by both oxidant and antioxidant stimuli.

text: has

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: behave

text: as

text: a

text: redox-sensitive

text: transcription

text: factor

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: activated

text: by

text: both

text: oxidant

text: and

text: antioxidant

text: stimuli.


text: The CCAAT element present in reverse orientation in this promoter region of the ferritin H-chain gene is necessary for binding and for gene activity, since a single point mutation is able to abolish the binding of HRF and the transcriptional activity in transfected cells.

text: The

text: CCAAT

text: element

text: present

text: in

text: reverse

text: orientation

text: in

text: this

text: promoter

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: ferritin

text: H-chain

text: gene

text: is

text: necessary

text: for

text: binding

text: and

text: for

text: gene

text: activity,

text: since

text: a

text: single

text: point

text: mutation

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: abolish

text: the

text: binding

text: of

text: HRF

text: and

text: the

text: transcriptional

text: activity

text: in

text: transfected

text: cells.


text: We have previously described a mutant B lymphoblastoid cell line, Clone-13, that expresses HLA-DQ in the absence of HLA-DR and -DP .

text: We

text: have

text: previously

text: described

text: a

text: mutant

text: B

text: lymphoblastoid

text: cell

text: line,

text: that

text: expresses

text: HLA-DQ

text: in

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: HLA-DR

text: and

text: -DP


text: Several other transcription factors including NF-IL-6, AP-1, AP-2, GR, CREB, Oct-1, and Sp-1 are not affected by IL-10 .

text: Several

text: other

text: transcription

text: factors

text: including

text: GR,

text: CREB,

text: and

text: are

text: not

text: affected

text: by


text: Here we demonstrate complete correlation between the expression pattern of the CD19 gene and the B-cell-specific transcription factor BSAP in a large panel of B-lymphoid cell lines.

text: Here

text: we

text: demonstrate

text: complete

text: correlation

text: between

text: the

text: expression

text: pattern

text: of

text: the

text: gene

text: and

text: the

text: B-cell-specific

text: transcription

text: factor

text: BSAP

text: in

text: a

text: large

text: panel

text: of

text: B-lymphoid

text: cell

text: lines.


text: A nondegradable mutant of I kappa B blocked both FasL expression and apoptosis induced by DNA damage but not Fas ligation .

text: A

text: nondegradable

text: mutant

text: of

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: blocked

text: both

text: FasL

text: expression

text: and

text: apoptosis

text: induced

text: by

text: DNA

text: damage

text: but

text: not

text: Fas

text: ligation


text: BCL-6, a POZ/zinc-finger protein, is a sequence-specific transcriptional repressor.

text: a

text: POZ/zinc-finger

text: protein,

text: is

text: a

text: sequence-specific

text: transcriptional

text: repressor.


text: Improvement in urinary protein excretion and in disease activity, which was scored according to the SLE Disease Activity Index system of the University of Toronto, closely related to the glucocorticoid receptor concentrations in MNL isolated from the corresponding patients.

text: Improvement

text: in

text: urinary

text: protein

text: excretion

text: and

text: in

text: disease

text: activity,

text: which

text: was

text: scored

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: SLE

text: Disease

text: Activity

text: Index

text: system

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Toronto,

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: glucocorticoid

text: receptor

text: concentrations

text: in

text: MNL

text: isolated

text: from

text: the

text: corresponding

text: patients.


text: Human erythroid 5-aminolevulinate synthase: promoter analysis and identification of an iron-responsive element in the mRNA.

text: Human

text: erythroid

text: synthase:

text: promoter

text: analysis

text: and

text: identification

text: of

text: an

text: iron-responsive

text: element

text: in

text: the

text: mRNA.


text: In contrast, D-mib4 is a partial loss-of-function allele because flies trans-heterozygous for D-mib4 and any other D-mib null alleles are viable.

text: In

text: contrast,

text: is

text: a

text: partial

text: loss-of-function

text: allele

text: because

text: flies

text: trans-heterozygous

text: for

text: and

text: any

text: other

text: D-mib

text: alleles

text: are

text: viable.


text: Monitoring DPD activity may be important in the management of patients experiencing severe toxicity secondary to FUra chemotherapy .

text: Monitoring

text: DPD

text: activity

text: may

text: be

text: important

text: in

text: the

text: management

text: of

text: patients

text: experiencing

text: severe

text: toxicity

text: secondary

text: to

text: FUra

text: chemotherapy


text: A family of transcriptional activating proteins, the GATA factors, has been shown to bind to a consensus motif through a highly conserved C4 zinc finger DNA binding domain.

text: A

text: family

text: of

text: transcriptional

text: activating

text: proteins,

text: the

text: GATA

text: factors,

text: has

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: bind

text: to

text: a

text: consensus

text: motif

text: through

text: a

text: highly

text: conserved

text: zinc

text: finger

text: DNA

text: binding

text: domain.


text: Activation through the Ca2+/calcineurin pathway is essential to the transcription of many cytokine genes.

text: Activation

text: through

text: the

text: pathway

text: is

text: essential

text: to

text: the

text: transcription

text: of

text: many

text: cytokine

text: genes.


text: However, if there were any hits (E-value not cover the inframe stop codon , the iORF was discarded.

text: However,

text: if

text: there

text: were

text: any

text: hits

text: (E-value

text: not

text: cover

text: the

text: inframe

text: stop

text: codon

text: the

text: iORF

text: was

text: discarded.


text: Intron-exon organization and functional analysis of 5'-flanking region.

text: Intron-exon

text: organization

text: and

text: functional

text: analysis

text: of

text: region.


text: Such a unique sequence would appear to be highly significant , until we consider that we have in effect searched all possible sequences until we found one that is unique.

text: Such

text: a

text: unique

text: sequence

text: would

text: appear

text: to

text: be

text: highly

text: significant

text: until

text: we

text: consider

text: that

text: we

text: have

text: in

text: effect

text: searched

text: all

text: possible

text: sequences

text: until

text: we

text: found

text: one

text: that

text: is

text: unique.


text: Triggering of the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex activates two major signal cascades in T lymphocytes, (i) Ca2+-dependent signal cascades and (ii) protein kinase cascades.

text: Triggering

text: of

text: the

text: T-cell

text: complex

text: activates

text: two

text: major

text: signal

text: cascades

text: in

text: T

text: lymphocytes,

text: (i)

text: signal

text: cascades

text: and

text: (ii)

text: protein

text: kinase

text: cascades.


text: IL-10 profoundly inhibited release of IL-1beta from PBMC stimulated by all three stimuli.

text: profoundly

text: inhibited

text: release

text: of

text: from

text: PBMC

text: stimulated

text: by

text: all

text: three

text: stimuli.


text: However, signal transduction of IL-10 in B cells is poorly understood.

text: However,

text: signal

text: transduction

text: of

text: in

text: B

text: cells

text: is

text: poorly

text: understood.


text: These results indicate that Cu2+ inhibits the release of NF kappa B by blockade of a signal leading to the phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha .

text: These

text: results

text: indicate

text: that

text: inhibits

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: NF

text: kappa

text: B

text: by

text: blockade

text: of

text: a

text: signal

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: phosphorylation

text: of

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: alpha


text: Activation of proenkephalin transcription by JunD is dependent upon a previously characterized cAMP-, phorbol ester- , and Ca(2+)-inducible enhancer, and JunD is shown to bind the enhancer as a homodimer.

text: Activation

text: of

text: proenkephalin

text: transcription

text: by

text: JunD

text: is

text: dependent

text: upon

text: a

text: previously

text: characterized

text: cAMP-,

text: phorbol

text: ester-

text: and

text: enhancer,

text: and

text: JunD

text: is

text: shown

text: to

text: bind

text: the

text: enhancer

text: as

text: a

text: homodimer.


text: In these transfected CL-01 cells, CD40:CD40L engagement and exposure to IL-4 synergistically induced gamma 3 ECS-dependent luciferase reporter gene activation.

text: In

text: these

text: transfected

text: cells,

text: engagement

text: and

text: exposure

text: to

text: synergistically

text: induced

text: gamma

text: ECS-dependent

text: luciferase

text: reporter

text: gene

text: activation.


text: The molecular mechanism by which ATRA increases the nuclear abundance of a functional VDR is still unknown , but our data clearly indicate that the M2 leukemic cell context is only permissive of monocytic differentiation .

text: The

text: molecular

text: mechanism

text: by

text: which

text: ATRA

text: increases

text: the

text: nuclear

text: abundance

text: of

text: a

text: functional

text: VDR

text: is

text: still

text: unknown

text: but

text: our

text: data

text: clearly

text: indicate

text: that

text: the

text: leukemic

text: cell

text: context

text: is

text: only

text: permissive

text: of

text: monocytic

text: differentiation


text: Furthermore, ADT treated Wurzburg cells had significantly higher glutathione levels as compared with untreated cells.

text: Furthermore,

text: ADT

text: treated

text: Wurzburg

text: cells

text: had

text: significantly

text: higher

text: glutathione

text: levels

text: as

text: compared

text: with

text: untreated

text: cells.


text: The enzyme might therefore be a potential target for drug therapy under conditions of active DNA replication .

text: The

text: enzyme

text: might

text: therefore

text: be

text: a

text: potential

text: target

text: for

text: drug

text: therapy

text: under

text: conditions

text: of

text: active

text: DNA

text: replication


text: The Ca(2+)-dependent factor NF-ATp plays a key role in the inducible transcription of both these lymphokine genes.

text: The

text: factor

text: NF-ATp

text: plays

text: a

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: inducible

text: transcription

text: of

text: both

text: these

text: lymphokine

text: genes.


text: Although the assay involves the dramatic loss of red cell production, it should be possible to define important regulatory domains that can then be assayed using less stringent systems, such as cell-free extracts for in vitro transcription .

text: Although

text: the

text: assay

text: involves

text: the

text: dramatic

text: loss

text: of

text: red

text: cell

text: production,

text: it

text: should

text: be

text: possible

text: to

text: define

text: important

text: regulatory

text: domains

text: that

text: can

text: then

text: be

text: assayed

text: using

text: less

text: stringent

text: systems,

text: such

text: as

text: cell-free

text: extracts

text: for

text: in

text: vitro

text: transcription


text: This transcription factor is activated via the selective phosphorylation, ubiquination and degradation of its inhibitor protein I-kB thereby allowing translocation of NF-kappa B into the nucleus where it upregulates the transcription of a variety of adhesion molecules (e.g. ICAM-1, VCAM-1), cytokines (TNF, IL-1, IL-6) and enzymes (iNOS).

text: This

text: transcription

text: factor

text: is

text: activated

text: via

text: the

text: selective

text: phosphorylation,

text: ubiquination

text: and

text: degradation

text: of

text: its

text: inhibitor

text: protein

text: I-kB

text: thereby

text: allowing

text: translocation

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: into

text: the

text: nucleus

text: where

text: it

text: upregulates

text: the

text: transcription

text: of

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: adhesion

text: molecules

text: (e.g.

text: cytokines

text: (TNF,

text: and

text: enzymes

text: (iNOS).


text: These two DNA-protein complexes are composed of at least four host proteins (p50, p55, p75, p85), each of which shares structural similarity with the v-rel oncogene product.

text: These

text: two

text: DNA-protein

text: complexes

text: are

text: composed

text: of

text: at

text: least

text: four

text: host

text: proteins

text: each

text: of

text: which

text: shares

text: structural

text: similarity

text: with

text: the

text: v-rel

text: oncogene

text: product.


text: All patients were characterized by an Addisonian picture (weakness, weight loss, hypotension, hyponatremia, and intense mucocutaneous melanosis).

text: All

text: patients

text: were

text: characterized

text: by

text: an

text: Addisonian

text: picture

text: (weakness,

text: weight

text: loss,

text: hypotension,

text: hyponatremia,

text: and

text: intense

text: mucocutaneous

text: melanosis).


text: The Drosophila homolog is more similar to Apaf-1 than to CED-4: it has the WD repeats found in Apaf-1, which potentially function in binding regulatory proteins such as cytochrome c .

text: The

text: Drosophila

text: homolog

text: is

text: more

text: similar

text: to

text: than

text: to

text: it

text: has

text: the

text: WD

text: repeats

text: found

text: in

text: which

text: potentially

text: function

text: in

text: binding

text: regulatory

text: proteins

text: such

text: as

text: cytochrome

text: c


text: Comparison of the transactivation domains of Stat5 and Stat6 in lymphoid cells and mammary epithelial cells.

text: Comparison

text: of

text: the

text: transactivation

text: domains

text: of

text: and

text: in

text: lymphoid

text: cells

text: and

text: mammary

text: epithelial

text: cells.


text: However, reintroduction of a functional 5-LOX system in these cells allowed ROI production and 5-LOX-dependent NF-kappaB activation.

text: However,

text: reintroduction

text: of

text: a

text: functional

text: system

text: in

text: these

text: cells

text: allowed

text: ROI

text: production

text: and

text: NF-kappaB

text: activation.


text: In contrast, formation of the B1 complex, reflecting the binding of p75 and p85, critically depends upon the more 3' sequences of this enhancer element.

text: In

text: contrast,

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: complex,

text: reflecting

text: the

text: binding

text: of

text: and

text: critically

text: depends

text: upon

text: the

text: more

text: sequences

text: of

text: this

text: enhancer

text: element.


text: Northern blot analysis failed to detect IL-2 mRNA , suggesting that IL-2 may act in a paracrine manner in vivo .

text: Northern

text: blot

text: analysis

text: failed

text: to

text: detect

text: mRNA

text: suggesting

text: that

text: may

text: act

text: in

text: a

text: paracrine

text: manner

text: in

text: vivo


text: We therefore examined the effects of EC on T cell nuclear factors known to regulate IL-2 transcription, including c-jun and c-fos-two components of the transcription factor AP-1, NFAT, and others.

text: We

text: therefore

text: examined

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: EC

text: on

text: T

text: cell

text: nuclear

text: factors

text: known

text: to

text: regulate

text: transcription,

text: including

text: c-jun

text: and

text: c-fos-two

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: transcription

text: factor

text: NFAT,

text: and

text: others.


text: An essential role for NF-kappaB in human CD34(+) bone marrow cell survival.

text: An

text: essential

text: role

text: for

text: NF-kappaB

text: in

text: human

text: bone

text: marrow

text: cell

text: survival.


text: PMA treatment caused a concentration- and time-dependent increase in both c-Fos and Jun immunoreactivity in contrast to cAMP elevation that had only a slight effect.

text: PMA

text: treatment

text: caused

text: a

text: concentration-

text: and

text: time-dependent

text: increase

text: in

text: both

text: c-Fos

text: and

text: Jun

text: immunoreactivity

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: cAMP

text: elevation

text: that

text: had

text: only

text: a

text: slight

text: effect.


text: We have detected a specific nuclear protein complex that binds to the element and show that NF-kappa B1 (p50) is a part of this complex.

text: We

text: have

text: detected

text: a

text: specific

text: nuclear

text: protein

text: complex

text: that

text: binds

text: to

text: the

text: element

text: and

text: show

text: that

text: NF-kappa

text: is

text: a

text: part

text: of

text: this

text: complex.


text: Different elements thus contribute to IL-2 promoter activity in different cells.

text: Different

text: elements

text: thus

text: contribute

text: to

text: promoter

text: activity

text: in

text: different

text: cells.


text: c-myc mRNA expression in minor salivary glands of patients with Sjogren 's syndrome.

text: c-myc

text: mRNA

text: expression

text: in

text: minor

text: salivary

text: glands

text: of

text: patients

text: with

text: Sjogren

text: 's

text: syndrome.


text: The NK-kappa B transcription factor complex is sequestered in the cytoplasm by the inhibitory protein I kappa B-alpha (MAD-3).

text: The

text: NK-kappa

text: B

text: transcription

text: factor

text: complex

text: is

text: sequestered

text: in

text: the

text: cytoplasm

text: by

text: the

text: inhibitory

text: protein

text: I

text: kappa

text: B-alpha


text: Regulatory effects of interleukin-11 during acute lung inflammatory injury.

text: Regulatory

text: effects

text: of

text: during

text: acute

text: lung

text: inflammatory

text: injury.


text: The recent definition of a consensus DNA binding sequence for the Ets family of transcription factors has allowed the identification of potential Ets binding sites in the promoters and enhancers of many inducible T-cell genes.

text: The

text: recent

text: definition

text: of

text: a

text: consensus

text: DNA

text: binding

text: sequence

text: for

text: the

text: Ets

text: family

text: of

text: transcription

text: factors

text: has

text: allowed

text: the

text: identification

text: of

text: potential

text: Ets

text: binding

text: sites

text: in

text: the

text: promoters

text: and

text: enhancers

text: of

text: many

text: inducible

text: T-cell

text: genes.


text: The observed patchy distribution could be caused by horizontal transfers and extinctions of Transib transposons in eukaryotic species .

text: The

text: observed

text: patchy

text: distribution

text: could

text: be

text: caused

text: by

text: horizontal

text: transfers

text: and

text: extinctions

text: of

text: Transib

text: transposons

text: in

text: eukaryotic

text: species


text: Collectively, these data suggest that NFAT can be activated and IL-2 can be produced in a calcineurin independent manner .

text: Collectively,

text: these

text: data

text: suggest

text: that

text: NFAT

text: can

text: be

text: activated

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: produced

text: in

text: a

text: calcineurin

text: independent

text: manner


text: It also suppresses the hemocyte overproliferation and associated defects observed in the hopscotchTumorous-lethal mutant [26].

text: It

text: also

text: suppresses

text: the

text: hemocyte

text: overproliferation

text: and

text: associated

text: defects

text: observed

text: in

text: the

text: hopscotchTumorous-lethal

text: mutant


text: It should be noted however that in the PDB structures, some of the observed domain pairs (Pkinase_Tyr ↔ SH3_1, Pkinase_C ↔ Pkinase and others) are only seen to interact within one protein (intrachain interactions) as opposed to interactions between two distinct proteins (interchain interaction).

text: It

text: should

text: be

text: noted

text: however

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: PDB

text: structures,

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: observed

text: domain

text: pairs

text: Pkinase

text: and

text: others)

text: are

text: only

text: seen

text: to

text: interact

text: within

text: one

text: protein

text: (intrachain

text: interactions)

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: interactions

text: between

text: two

text: distinct

text: proteins

text: (interchain

text: interaction).


text: Cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK506 inhibit the production of IL-2 in T lymphocytes at the level of gene transcription.

text: Cyclosporin

text: A

text: (CsA)

text: and

text: inhibit

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: in

text: T

text: lymphocytes

text: at

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: gene

text: transcription.


text: After weight gain (14 ± 2 to 16 ± 2 kg/m2), receptor numbers were 8421 ± 2126 (pre) and 9011 ± 500 (post) sites/cell, which are not significantly different (P greater than 0.2);

text: After

text: weight

text: gain

text: to

text: receptor

text: numbers

text: were

text: (pre)

text: and

text: (post)

text: sites/cell,

text: which

text: are

text: not

text: significantly

text: different

text: (P

text: greater

text: than


text: In addition, electrophoretic mobility shift and supershift assays revealed that important NF-kappaB binding activity composed of at least p50, p65, and c-Rel NF-kappaB subunits was present in nuclei of CD40-stimulated B cells.

text: In

text: addition,

text: electrophoretic

text: mobility

text: shift

text: and

text: supershift

text: assays

text: revealed

text: that

text: important

text: NF-kappaB

text: binding

text: activity

text: composed

text: of

text: at

text: least

text: and

text: c-Rel

text: NF-kappaB

text: subunits

text: was

text: present

text: in

text: nuclei

text: of

text: B

text: cells.


text: Dexamethasone was added 1 hour before TNFalpha stimulation in the dexamethasone group.

text: Dexamethasone

text: was

text: added

text: hour

text: before

text: TNFalpha

text: stimulation

text: in

text: the

text: dexamethasone

text: group.


text: Furthermore, our study of this mutant provides strong evidence that the fat body disintegration is promoted by the action of hemocytes.

text: Furthermore,

text: our

text: study

text: of

text: this

text: mutant

text: provides

text: strong

text: evidence

text: that

text: the

text: fat

text: body

text: disintegration

text: is

text: promoted

text: by

text: the

text: action

text: of

text: hemocytes.


text: Induction of bcl-2 expression by phosphorylated CREB proteins during B-cell activation and rescue from apoptosis.

text: Induction

text: of

text: expression

text: by

text: phosphorylated

text: CREB

text: proteins

text: during

text: B-cell

text: activation

text: and

text: rescue

text: from

text: apoptosis.


text: Here we demonstrate that the endogenous thyroid hormone receptor alpha (c-erbA/TR-alpha) and the closely related retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR-alpha) play a role in the regulation of normal erythroid differentiation.

text: Here

text: we

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: the

text: endogenous

text: thyroid

text: hormone

text: receptor

text: alpha

text: (c-erbA/TR-alpha)

text: and

text: the

text: closely

text: related

text: retinoic

text: acid

text: receptor

text: alpha

text: (RAR-alpha)

text: play

text: a

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: regulation

text: of

text: normal

text: erythroid

text: differentiation.


text: Furthermore, inhibition by IFN could be blocked by cotreatment with actinomycin D and correlated temporally with induction of the JAK/STAT inhibitory gene, SOCS-1.

text: Furthermore,

text: inhibition

text: by

text: IFN

text: could

text: be

text: blocked

text: by

text: cotreatment

text: with

text: actinomycin

text: D

text: and

text: correlated

text: temporally

text: with

text: induction

text: of

text: the

text: JAK/STAT

text: inhibitory

text: gene,


text: Since the activation of NFAT is MAPK-dependent these findings suggested that the activation of MAPK by Tpl-2 is either independent or only partially dependent on MEK1 and MEK2 .

text: Since

text: the

text: activation

text: of

text: NFAT

text: is

text: MAPK-dependent

text: these

text: findings

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: activation

text: of

text: MAPK

text: by

text: is

text: either

text: independent

text: or

text: only

text: partially

text: dependent

text: on

text: and


text: 1 . This study was designed to investigate the presence of estrogen type I (high affinity, low capacity) and type II (low affinity, high capacity) binding sites in human peripheral blood monocytes and the effects of danazol on these sites .

text: This

text: study

text: was

text: designed

text: to

text: investigate

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: estrogen

text: type

text: I

text: (high

text: affinity,

text: low

text: capacity)

text: and

text: type

text: II

text: (low

text: affinity,

text: high

text: capacity)

text: binding

text: sites

text: in

text: human

text: peripheral

text: blood

text: monocytes

text: and

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: danazol

text: on

text: these

text: sites


text: The original GenBank set included two incomplete Transib TPase-like proteins.

text: The

text: original

text: GenBank

text: set

text: included

text: two

text: incomplete

text: Transib

text: TPase-like

text: proteins.


text: In addition, the combination of a NF kappa B/rel binding site and the STAT6 response element conferred IL-4 inducibility to a heterologous minimal promoter, while the individual sites had no effect .

text: In

text: addition,

text: the

text: combination

text: of

text: a

text: NF

text: kappa

text: B/rel

text: binding

text: site

text: and

text: the

text: response

text: element

text: conferred

text: inducibility

text: to

text: a

text: heterologous

text: minimal

text: promoter,

text: while

text: the

text: individual

text: sites

text: had

text: no

text: effect


text: oriP is essential for EBNA gene promoter activity in Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines.

text: oriP

text: is

text: essential

text: for

text: EBNA

text: gene

text: promoter

text: activity

text: in

text: Epstein-Barr

text: virus-immortalized

text: lymphoblastoid

text: cell

text: lines.


text: To understand the role of NF-kappa B complexes in T cell development and activation, we have generated transgenic mice in which RelA and c-Rel complexes were selectively inhibited in the T-lineage cells by specific expression of a trans-dominant form of I kappa B alpha.

text: To

text: understand

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: complexes

text: in

text: T

text: cell

text: development

text: and

text: activation,

text: we

text: have

text: generated

text: transgenic

text: mice

text: in

text: which

text: RelA

text: and

text: c-Rel

text: complexes

text: were

text: selectively

text: inhibited

text: in

text: the

text: T-lineage

text: cells

text: by

text: specific

text: expression

text: of

text: a

text: trans-dominant

text: form

text: of

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: alpha.


text: The bcl-2 gene, a repressor of lymphocyte death, is perhaps the best understood of the programmed cell death associated genes .

text: The

text: gene,

text: a

text: repressor

text: of

text: lymphocyte

text: death,

text: is

text: perhaps

text: the

text: best

text: understood

text: of

text: the

text: programmed

text: cell

text: death

text: associated

text: genes


text: In contrast to the differential signaling of BW 828 and 9.3 in resting T cells, the two mAbs exhibited a similar pattern of early signaling events in activated T cells and Jurkat cells (p56(lck) activation, association of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with CD28), indicating that the signaling capacity of CD28 changes with activation .

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: differential

text: signaling

text: of

text: BW

text: and

text: in

text: resting

text: T

text: cells,

text: the

text: two

text: mAbs

text: exhibited

text: a

text: similar

text: pattern

text: of

text: early

text: signaling

text: events

text: in

text: activated

text: T

text: cells

text: and

text: Jurkat

text: cells

text: activation,

text: association

text: of

text: phosphatidylinositol

text: with

text: indicating

text: that

text: the

text: signaling

text: capacity

text: of

text: changes

text: with

text: activation


text: Collectively, these findings indicate that A/R elicits a two-phase neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion response that involves transcription-independent and transcription-dependent surface expression of different endothelial cell adhesion molecules .

text: Collectively,

text: these

text: findings

text: indicate

text: that

text: A/R

text: elicits

text: a

text: two-phase

text: neutrophil-endothelial

text: cell

text: adhesion

text: response

text: that

text: involves

text: transcription-independent

text: and

text: transcription-dependent

text: surface

text: expression

text: of

text: different

text: endothelial

text: cell

text: adhesion

text: molecules


text: Aspirin-like drugs (ALD) induce calcium mobilization, an essential component of T cell activation, but do not induce the biosynthesis of IL-2 .

text: Aspirin-like

text: drugs

text: (ALD)

text: induce

text: calcium

text: mobilization,

text: an

text: essential

text: component

text: of

text: T

text: cell

text: activation,

text: but

text: do

text: not

text: induce

text: the

text: biosynthesis

text: of


text: Therefore, the surprisingly high replicative capacity of NF-kappaB and Sp1 binding site mutants of SIVmac is due to unique features or the enhancer/promoter region.

text: Therefore,

text: the

text: surprisingly

text: high

text: replicative

text: capacity

text: of

text: NF-kappaB

text: and

text: binding

text: site

text: mutants

text: of

text: SIVmac

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: unique

text: features

text: or

text: the

text: enhancer/promoter

text: region.


text: Our findings suggest that next to lymphocyte infiltration, active regulatory events in the thyrocyte are responsible for the inverse relation between functional parameters (TSH-R, thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin, and c-fos) and immunological markers (MHC I and II) .

text: Our

text: findings

text: suggest

text: that

text: next

text: to

text: lymphocyte

text: infiltration,

text: active

text: regulatory

text: events

text: in

text: the

text: thyrocyte

text: are

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: inverse

text: relation

text: between

text: functional

text: parameters

text: (TSH-R,

text: thyroid

text: peroxidase,

text: thyroglobulin,

text: and

text: c-fos)

text: and

text: immunological

text: markers

text: (MHC

text: I

text: and

text: II)


text: The cytokines IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and LPS, although unable to induce sialoadhesin expression by themselves , were able to enhance GC-mediated induction of sialoadhesin.

text: The

text: cytokines

text: IFN-beta,

text: IFN-gamma,

text: and

text: LPS,

text: although

text: unable

text: to

text: induce

text: sialoadhesin

text: expression

text: by

text: themselves

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: enhance

text: GC-mediated

text: induction

text: of

text: sialoadhesin.


text: The estimated total number of iPfam domains in all species

text: The

text: estimated

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: iPfam

text: domains

text: in

text: all

text: species


text: HL-60 cells were cultured with 10(-7) mol/L 1,25(OH)2D3 for 24 to 72 hours, and levels of expression of 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor and its RNA were examined.

text: cells

text: were

text: cultured

text: with

text: mol/L

text: for

text: to

text: hours,

text: and

text: levels

text: of

text: expression

text: of

text: receptor

text: and

text: its

text: RNA

text: were

text: examined.


text: A 30-bp sequence in the BMRF1 promoter which contains a Z binding site (a consensus AP-1 site) is sufficient to transfer high-level lymphoid-specific responsiveness to the Z/c-myb combination to a heterologous promoter.

text: A

text: sequence

text: in

text: the

text: promoter

text: which

text: contains

text: a

text: Z

text: binding

text: site

text: (a

text: consensus

text: site)

text: is

text: sufficient

text: to

text: transfer

text: high-level

text: lymphoid-specific

text: responsiveness

text: to

text: the

text: Z/c-myb

text: combination

text: to

text: a

text: heterologous

text: promoter.


text: Conclusion

text: Conclusion


text: Ectopic sensory organs in D-mib mutant flies developed from ectopic sensory organ precursor cells (not shown) .

text: Ectopic

text: sensory

text: organs

text: in

text: D-mib

text: mutant

text: flies

text: developed

text: from

text: ectopic

text: sensory

text: organ

text: precursor

text: cells

text: (not

text: shown)


text: However, for Mycoplasma, only TAA and TAG were used.

text: However,

text: for

text: Mycoplasma,

text: only

text: TAA

text: and

text: TAG

text: were

text: used.


text: Their method is thus similar to ours and applicable to both selenocysteine and pyrrolysine.

text: Their

text: method

text: is

text: thus

text: similar

text: to

text: ours

text: and

text: applicable

text: to

text: both

text: selenocysteine

text: and

text: pyrrolysine.


text: Triflusal and HTB may exert beneficial effects in processes in which de novo COX-2 expression is involved and, in a broader sense, in pathological situations in which genes under nuclear factor-kappaB control are up-regulated .

text: Triflusal

text: and

text: HTB

text: may

text: exert

text: beneficial

text: effects

text: in

text: processes

text: in

text: which

text: de

text: novo

text: expression

text: is

text: involved

text: and,

text: in

text: a

text: broader

text: sense,

text: in

text: pathological

text: situations

text: in

text: which

text: genes

text: under

text: nuclear

text: factor-kappaB

text: control

text: are

text: up-regulated


text: After stimulation, two new kappa B-specific complexes were identified as NF-kappa B p50-p65 heterodimer and putative c-Rel homodimer or c-Rel-p65 heterodimer .

text: After

text: stimulation,

text: two

text: new

text: kappa

text: B-specific

text: complexes

text: were

text: identified

text: as

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: heterodimer

text: and

text: putative

text: c-Rel

text: homodimer

text: or

text: heterodimer


text: Although most Transib families are represented by transposons flanked by TIRs similar to RSS23 (Figure 4A), several families include transposons with 5? and 3? termini similar to RSS12 and RSS23, respectively (Figure 4C).

text: Although

text: most

text: Transib

text: families

text: are

text: represented

text: by

text: transposons

text: flanked

text: by

text: TIRs

text: similar

text: to

text: (Figure

text: several

text: families

text: include

text: transposons

text: with

text: and

text: termini

text: similar

text: to

text: and

text: respectively

text: (Figure


text: Northern blotting experiments indicated that regulation predominantly occurred at the mRNA level .

text: Northern

text: blotting

text: experiments

text: indicated

text: that

text: regulation

text: predominantly

text: occurred

text: at

text: the

text: mRNA

text: level


text: There is a clearly defined and substantial role for free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) in periodontitis, but little research has been performed in this area.

text: There

text: is

text: a

text: clearly

text: defined

text: and

text: substantial

text: role

text: for

text: free

text: radicals

text: or

text: reactive

text: oxygen

text: species

text: (ROS)

text: in

text: periodontitis,

text: but

text: little

text: research

text: has

text: been

text: performed

text: in

text: this

text: area.


text: If any non-readthrough homologs are registered in public sequence databases, a careful annotation process of a newly sequenced genome will be able to detect readthrough genes, even though they may be annotated as pseudogenes .

text: If

text: any

text: non-readthrough

text: homologs

text: are

text: registered

text: in

text: public

text: sequence

text: databases,

text: a

text: careful

text: annotation

text: process

text: of

text: a

text: newly

text: sequenced

text: genome

text: will

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: detect

text: readthrough

text: genes,

text: even

text: though

text: they

text: may

text: be

text: annotated

text: as

text: pseudogenes


text: Since internal sites of oxidant production have been shown to play a key role in the cytokine-stimulated activation of NF-kappa B, and since tyrosine kinase and phosphatase activities are known to be altered by oxidants, these findings suggest that intracellular redox status controls NF-kappa B activation by regulating tyrosine phosphorylation event(s) within the common step of the NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway .

text: Since

text: internal

text: sites

text: of

text: oxidant

text: production

text: have

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: play

text: a

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: cytokine-stimulated

text: activation

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B,

text: and

text: since

text: tyrosine

text: kinase

text: and

text: phosphatase

text: activities

text: are

text: known

text: to

text: be

text: altered

text: by

text: oxidants,

text: these

text: findings

text: suggest

text: that

text: intracellular

text: redox

text: status

text: controls

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: activation

text: by

text: regulating

text: tyrosine

text: phosphorylation

text: event(s)

text: within

text: the

text: common

text: step

text: of

text: the

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: signal

text: transduction

text: pathway


text: NF-kappa B as inducible transcriptional activator of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene.

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: as

text: inducible

text: transcriptional

text: activator

text: of

text: the

text: granulocyte-macrophage

text: colony-stimulating

text: factor

text: gene.


text: Glucocorticoid receptor concentrations in mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) in these patients were comparable with those in both other patients with SLE and healthy persons.

text: Glucocorticoid

text: receptor

text: concentrations

text: in

text: mononuclear

text: leukocytes

text: (MNL)

text: in

text: these

text: patients

text: were

text: comparable

text: with

text: those

text: in

text: both

text: other

text: patients

text: with

text: SLE

text: and

text: healthy

text: persons.


text: It appears that a basal redox equilibrium tending toward oxidation is a prerequisite for full activation of transduction pathways regulating the activity of NF-kappa B-dependent genes .

text: It

text: appears

text: that

text: a

text: basal

text: redox

text: equilibrium

text: tending

text: toward

text: oxidation

text: is

text: a

text: prerequisite

text: for

text: full

text: activation

text: of

text: transduction

text: pathways

text: regulating

text: the

text: activity

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B-dependent

text: genes


text: Apterous activates the expression of the Ser and fringe genes in dorsal cells.

text: Apterous

text: activates

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: Ser

text: and

text: fringe

text: genes

text: in

text: dorsal

text: cells.


text: Induction of TF mRNA expression by LPS tended to be partially reduced by the lysophospholipid.

text: Induction

text: of

text: TF

text: mRNA

text: expression

text: by

text: LPS

text: tended

text: to

text: be

text: partially

text: reduced

text: by

text: the

text: lysophospholipid.


text: In some circumstances, it is more informative to use partial ROC curves (ROCn curves) which illustrate the number of true positives identified by the predictor that score higher than the n highest scoring negatives, plotted for all values from 0 to n.

text: In

text: some

text: circumstances,

text: it

text: is

text: more

text: informative

text: to

text: use

text: partial

text: ROC

text: curves

text: (ROCn

text: curves)

text: which

text: illustrate

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: true

text: positives

text: identified

text: by

text: the

text: predictor

text: that

text: score

text: higher

text: than

text: the

text: n

text: highest

text: scoring

text: negatives,

text: plotted

text: for

text: all

text: values

text: from

text: to

text: n.


text: The NF kappa B independent cis-acting sequences in HIV-1 LTR responsive to T-cell activation.

text: The

text: NF

text: kappa

text: B

text: independent

text: cis-acting

text: sequences

text: in

text: LTR

text: responsive

text: to

text: T-cell

text: activation.


text: To confirm the importance of the three cis-acting elements in the perforin gene expression, point mutation was introduced again to each proximal GC box, EBS, and GT box of PFP5a.

text: To

text: confirm

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: cis-acting

text: elements

text: in

text: the

text: perforin

text: gene

text: expression,

text: point

text: mutation

text: was

text: introduced

text: again

text: to

text: each

text: proximal

text: GC

text: box,

text: EBS,

text: and

text: GT

text: box

text: of


text: Nuclear run-on experiments showed that E3330 decreases transcriptional activation of TNF-alpha gene induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in human peripheral monocytes.

text: Nuclear

text: run-on

text: experiments

text: showed

text: that

text: decreases

text: transcriptional

text: activation

text: of

text: TNF-alpha

text: gene

text: induced

text: by

text: lipopolysaccharide

text: (LPS)

text: stimulation

text: in

text: human

text: peripheral

text: monocytes.


text: The IL-1-induced NF-kappa B DNA nuclear localization is transient and can be prolonged either by an antigen receptor-initiated signal or by inhibiting protein synthesis.

text: The

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: DNA

text: nuclear

text: localization

text: is

text: transient

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: prolonged

text: either

text: by

text: an

text: antigen

text: receptor-initiated

text: signal

text: or

text: by

text: inhibiting

text: protein

text: synthesis.


text: Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in interleukin-8 production by human monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or Mycoplasma fermentans membrane lipoproteins.

text: Involvement

text: of

text: mitogen-activated

text: protein

text: kinase

text: pathways

text: in

text: production

text: by

text: human

text: monocytes

text: and

text: polymorphonuclear

text: cells

text: stimulated

text: with

text: lipopolysaccharide

text: or

text: Mycoplasma

text: fermentans

text: membrane

text: lipoproteins.


text: Recent isolation of the CD11b promoter shows that 92 base pairs (bp) of 5'-flanking DNA are sufficient to direct myeloid-specific expression of a reporter gene.

text: Recent

text: isolation

text: of

text: the

text: promoter

text: shows

text: that

text: base

text: pairs

text: (bp)

text: of

text: DNA

text: are

text: sufficient

text: to

text: direct

text: myeloid-specific

text: expression

text: of

text: a

text: reporter

text: gene.


text: This beneficial effect is mediated, in part, by inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).

text: This

text: beneficial

text: effect

text: is

text: mediated,

text: in

text: part,

text: by

text: inhibition

text: of

text: inflammatory

text: cytokine

text: production,

text: including

text: tumor

text: necrosis

text: factor-alpha

text: (TNF-alpha).


text: Transcriptional activity of p105 is also increased in infected cells and is also mediated by NF-kappa B through a specific kappa B motif.

text: Transcriptional

text: activity

text: of

text: is

text: also

text: increased

text: in

text: infected

text: cells

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: mediated

text: by

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: through

text: a

text: specific

text: kappa

text: B

text: motif.


text: The rate of endogenous cholesterol synthesis in blood lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts from patients with type IIa hyperlipidemia was found to be increased in comparison with healthy donors.

text: The

text: rate

text: of

text: endogenous

text: cholesterol

text: synthesis

text: in

text: blood

text: lymphocytes

text: and

text: skin

text: fibroblasts

text: from

text: patients

text: with

text: type

text: IIa

text: hyperlipidemia

text: was

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: increased

text: in

text: comparison

text: with

text: healthy

text: donors.


text: Western blot analysis showed that N-acetyl-cysteine reduced the accumulation of the 47-kD mature glycoprotein in LPS-treated cells, a finding consistent with the results of the immunofluorescence studies.

text: Western

text: blot

text: analysis

text: showed

text: that

text: N-acetyl-cysteine

text: reduced

text: the

text: accumulation

text: of

text: the

text: mature

text: glycoprotein

text: in

text: LPS-treated

text: cells,

text: a

text: finding

text: consistent

text: with

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: the

text: immunofluorescence

text: studies.


text: To investigate the molecular basis of the mitogenic effect of high molecular weight dextran sulfate (HMDS), monocyte-derived macrophages were transfected with recombinant plasmid containing chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene under the control of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter, which is regulated by transcription factor NF-kappaB.

text: To

text: investigate

text: the

text: molecular

text: basis

text: of

text: the

text: mitogenic

text: effect

text: of

text: high

text: molecular

text: weight

text: dextran

text: sulfate

text: (HMDS),

text: monocyte-derived

text: macrophages

text: were

text: transfected

text: with

text: recombinant

text: plasmid

text: containing

text: chloramphenicol

text: acetyl

text: transferase

text: (CAT)

text: reporter

text: gene

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: long

text: terminal

text: repeat

text: (LTR)

text: promoter,

text: which

text: is

text: regulated

text: by

text: transcription

text: factor

text: NF-kappaB.


text: pIL-5(-511)Luc was transcribed by T-cell hybridomas derived from fusion between IL-5-producing T-cell clones and an IL-5 gene-nonexpressing T-cell line, but not by hybridomas derived from IL-5-nonproducing T-cell clones .

text: was

text: transcribed

text: by

text: T-cell

text: hybridomas

text: derived

text: from

text: fusion

text: between

text: T-cell

text: clones

text: and

text: an

text: gene-nonexpressing

text: T-cell

text: line,

text: but

text: not

text: by

text: hybridomas

text: derived

text: from

text: T-cell

text: clones


text: The 5'-UTR contains binding sites for the transcription factors AP-1, NF-kappaB, NF-AT, IRF, and Sp1.

text: The

text: contains

text: binding

text: sites

text: for

text: the

text: transcription

text: factors

text: NF-kappaB,

text: NF-AT,

text: IRF,

text: and


text: Therefore, we investigated CD2 and CD3 receptor-mediated signalling in primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).

text: Therefore,

text: we

text: investigated

text: and

text: receptor-mediated

text: signalling

text: in

text: primary

text: human

text: peripheral

text: blood

text: mononuclear

text: cells

text: (PBMC).


text: Quantitative assays demonstrated a direct temporal relationship between LMP-1 protein levels and active NF-kappaB during the time course of infection.

text: Quantitative

text: assays

text: demonstrated

text: a

text: direct

text: temporal

text: relationship

text: between

text: protein

text: levels

text: and

text: active

text: NF-kappaB

text: during

text: the

text: time

text: course

text: of

text: infection.


text: Phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein by cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 prevents its interaction with the transcription factor E2F, which subsequently promotes the expression of S phase regulated genes, such as thymidine kinase.

text: Phosphorylation

text: of

text: the

text: retinoblastoma

text: protein

text: by

text: cyclin-dependent

text: kinases

text: and

text: prevents

text: its

text: interaction

text: with

text: the

text: transcription

text: factor

text: which

text: subsequently

text: promotes

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: S

text: phase

text: regulated

text: genes,

text: such

text: as

text: thymidine

text: kinase.


text: Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 9/19 SS patients were found to be defective in their ability to bind an october sequence (Oct-1).

text: Peripheral

text: blood

text: lymphocytes

text: from

text: SS

text: patients

text: were

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: defective

text: in

text: their

text: ability

text: to

text: bind

text: an

text: october

text: sequence


text: Exclusive paternal expression of WT1 was also shown in non-cultured peripheral lymphocytes from the latter two individuals.

text: Exclusive

text: paternal

text: expression

text: of

text: was

text: also

text: shown

text: in

text: non-cultured

text: peripheral

text: lymphocytes

text: from

text: the

text: latter

text: two

text: individuals.


text: AP-1 derived from mature monocytes and astrocytes preferentially interacts with the HTLV-I promoter central 21 bp repeat.

text: derived

text: from

text: mature

text: monocytes

text: and

text: astrocytes

text: preferentially

text: interacts

text: with

text: the

text: HTLV-I

text: promoter

text: central

text: bp

text: repeat.


text: this protein is highly enriched in cell lines of B lymphoid origin as compared to pancreatic beta-cells and fibroblast cells.

text: this

text: protein

text: is

text: highly

text: enriched

text: in

text: cell

text: lines

text: of

text: B

text: lymphoid

text: origin

text: as

text: compared

text: to

text: pancreatic

text: beta-cells

text: and

text: fibroblast

text: cells.


text: A second translocation adjacent to rhombotin was found and at the same position as in the previous example.

text: A

text: second

text: translocation

text: adjacent

text: to

text: rhombotin

text: was

text: found

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: position

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: previous

text: example.


text: Disruption of alpha beta but not of gamma delta T cell development by overexpression of the helix-loop-helix protein Id3 in committed T cell progenitors.

text: Disruption

text: of

text: alpha

text: beta

text: but

text: not

text: of

text: gamma

text: delta

text: T

text: cell

text: development

text: by

text: overexpression

text: of

text: the

text: helix-loop-helix

text: protein

text: in

text: committed

text: T

text: cell

text: progenitors.


text: CNI-1493 blocked neither the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increases in the expression of TNF mRNA nor the translocation of nuclear factor NF-kappa B to the nucleus in macrophages activated by 15 min of LPS stimulation , indicating that CNI-1493 does not interfere with early NF-kappa B-mediated transcriptional regulation of TNF .

text: blocked

text: neither

text: the

text: lipopolysaccharide

text: (LPS)-induced

text: increases

text: in

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: TNF

text: mRNA

text: nor

text: the

text: translocation

text: of

text: nuclear

text: factor

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: to

text: the

text: nucleus

text: in

text: macrophages

text: activated

text: by

text: min

text: of

text: LPS

text: stimulation

text: indicating

text: that

text: does

text: not

text: interfere

text: with

text: early

text: NF-kappa

text: B-mediated

text: transcriptional

text: regulation

text: of

text: TNF


text: Synergistic transactivation of the BMRF1 promoter by the Z/c-myb combination appears to involve direct binding by the Z protein but not the c-myb protein .

text: Synergistic

text: transactivation

text: of

text: the

text: promoter

text: by

text: the

text: Z/c-myb

text: combination

text: appears

text: to

text: involve

text: direct

text: binding

text: by

text: the

text: Z

text: protein

text: but

text: not

text: the

text: c-myb

text: protein


text: To determine whether CIF blocks at the level of IL2 transcription , we introduced reporter plasmids into the human T leukemia cell line Jurkat by transient transfection.

text: To

text: determine

text: whether

text: CIF

text: blocks

text: at

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: transcription

text: we

text: introduced

text: reporter

text: plasmids

text: into

text: the

text: human

text: T

text: leukemia

text: cell

text: line

text: Jurkat

text: by

text: transient

text: transfection.


text: Preassociation of STAT1 with STAT2 and STAT3 in separate signalling complexes prior to cytokine stimulation.

text: Preassociation

text: of

text: with

text: and

text: in

text: separate

text: signalling

text: complexes

text: prior

text: to

text: cytokine

text: stimulation.


text: The pAT 133 gene is immediately induced, with FOS-like kinetics, in human T cells and in fibroblasts.

text: The

text: pAT

text: gene

text: is

text: immediately

text: induced,

text: with

text: FOS-like

text: kinetics,

text: in

text: human

text: T

text: cells

text: and

text: in

text: fibroblasts.


text: The 38-bp consensus TIR of Transib transposons consists of a conserved 5?- CACAATG heptamer separated by a variable 23-bp spacer from an AAAAAAATC-3? nonamer.

text: The

text: consensus

text: TIR

text: of

text: Transib

text: transposons

text: consists

text: of

text: a

text: conserved

text: CACAATG

text: heptamer

text: separated

text: by

text: a

text: variable

text: spacer

text: from

text: an

text: nonamer.


text: Because the translation rate is an important determinant of cell proliferation, we have investigated translation initiation during human myeloid cell differentiation using the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line and the U-937 monoblastic cell line.

text: Because

text: the

text: translation

text: rate

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: determinant

text: of

text: cell

text: proliferation,

text: we

text: have

text: investigated

text: translation

text: initiation

text: during

text: human

text: myeloid

text: cell

text: differentiation

text: using

text: the

text: promyelocytic

text: leukemia

text: cell

text: line

text: and

text: the

text: monoblastic

text: cell

text: line.


text: Taken together, these data demonstrate the existence of an HLA-DQ isotype-specific trans-acting factor, which functions independently of CIITA.

text: Taken

text: together,

text: these

text: data

text: demonstrate

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: an

text: HLA-DQ

text: isotype-specific

text: trans-acting

text: factor,

text: which

text: functions

text: independently

text: of

text: CIITA.


text: Expression of other adhesion molecules such as lymphocyte function associated-antigen-1 (CD11a/CD18) and CD54 were unaffected.

text: Expression

text: of

text: other

text: adhesion

text: molecules

text: such

text: as

text: lymphocyte

text: function

text: and

text: were

text: unaffected.


text: Furthermore, IL-18-induced activation of NF-kappaB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is blocked in MyD88-/- Th1-developing cells.

text: Furthermore,

text: activation

text: of

text: NF-kappaB

text: and

text: c-Jun

text: N-terminal

text: kinase

text: (JNK)

text: is

text: blocked

text: in

text: cells.


text: The stability of c-Fos was found to also be controlled by intracellular signal transduction.

text: The

text: stability

text: of

text: c-Fos

text: was

text: found

text: to

text: also

text: be

text: controlled

text: by

text: intracellular

text: signal

text: transduction.


text: CONCLUSIONS: Human ECs express PPARalpha, a potentially important regulator of atherogenesis through its transcriptional control of VCAM-1 gene expression.

text: CONCLUSIONS:

text: Human

text: ECs

text: express

text: PPARalpha,

text: a

text: potentially

text: important

text: regulator

text: of

text: atherogenesis

text: through

text: its

text: transcriptional

text: control

text: of

text: gene

text: expression.


text: Thymocytes control the CD4 gene differently from mature T lymphocytes.

text: Thymocytes

text: control

text: the

text: gene

text: differently

text: from

text: mature

text: T

text: lymphocytes.


text: To establish a model for 1,25-(OH)2D3 regulation of human monocyte monokine synthesis, three human cell lines (U-937, THP-1, and HL-60) were examined for : 1 ) the presence of functional 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptors; 2 ) the accumulation of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) mRNA and IL-1 beta protein in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS); and 3 ) the regulation of this response by 1,25-(OH)2D3.

text: To

text: establish

text: a

text: model

text: for

text: regulation

text: of

text: human

text: monocyte

text: monokine

text: synthesis,

text: three

text: human

text: cell

text: lines

text: and

text: were

text: examined

text: for

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: functional

text: receptors;

text: the

text: accumulation

text: of

text: beta

text: beta)

text: mRNA

text: and

text: beta

text: protein

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: lipopolysaccharide

text: (LPS);

text: and

text: the

text: regulation

text: of

text: this

text: response

text: by


text: Protein-tyrosine kinase activation is required for lipopolysaccharide induction of interleukin 1beta and NFkappaB activation, but not NFkappaB nuclear translocation .

text: Protein-tyrosine

text: kinase

text: activation

text: is

text: required

text: for

text: lipopolysaccharide

text: induction

text: of

text: interleukin

text: and

text: NFkappaB

text: activation,

text: but

text: not

text: NFkappaB

text: nuclear

text: translocation


text: Transcribed regions are indicated with arrows, and exons are indicated with boxes.

text: Transcribed

text: regions

text: are

text: indicated

text: with

text: arrows,

text: and

text: exons

text: are

text: indicated

text: with

text: boxes.


text: Our results suggest that while transfection analyses offer an adequate approximation of the effects of the LS mutations, the analysis of viral replication using a mutant viral stock presents a more accurate picture, which is sometimes at variance with the transfection results .

text: Our

text: results

text: suggest

text: that

text: while

text: transfection

text: analyses

text: offer

text: an

text: adequate

text: approximation

text: of

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: the

text: LS

text: mutations,

text: the

text: analysis

text: of

text: viral

text: replication

text: using

text: a

text: mutant

text: viral

text: stock

text: presents

text: a

text: more

text: accurate

text: picture,

text: which

text: is

text: sometimes

text: at

text: variance

text: with

text: the

text: transfection

text: results


text: From these results, we can conclude that electrostatic interactions of retinoids with the RAR alpha-LBD play a significant role in ligand binding .

text: From

text: these

text: results,

text: we

text: can

text: conclude

text: that

text: electrostatic

text: interactions

text: of

text: retinoids

text: with

text: the

text: RAR

text: alpha-LBD

text: play

text: a

text: significant

text: role

text: in

text: ligand

text: binding


text: The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) regulates cytokine gene expression in T cells through cis-acting elements located in the promoters of several cytokine genes.

text: The

text: nuclear

text: factor

text: of

text: activated

text: T

text: cells

text: (NFAT)

text: regulates

text: cytokine

text: gene

text: expression

text: in

text: T

text: cells

text: through

text: cis-acting

text: elements

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: promoters

text: of

text: several

text: cytokine

text: genes.


text: The Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is essential for the transformation of B lymphocytes into lymphoblastoid cell lines.

text: The

text: Epstein-Barr

text: virus

text: latent

text: membrane

text: protein

text: is

text: essential

text: for

text: the

text: transformation

text: of

text: B

text: lymphocytes

text: into

text: lymphoblastoid

text: cell

text: lines.


text: LPS-specific Abs thus mediate anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory functions, respectively, by preventing target cell uptake of LPS through mCD14 and augmenting uptake through CR1 or other cell receptors.

text: LPS-specific

text: Abs

text: thus

text: mediate

text: anti-inflammatory

text: and

text: proinflammatory

text: functions,

text: respectively,

text: by

text: preventing

text: target

text: cell

text: uptake

text: of

text: LPS

text: through

text: and

text: augmenting

text: uptake

text: through

text: or

text: other

text: cell

text: receptors.


text: Expression cloning of c-Jun.

text: Expression

text: cloning

text: of

text: c-Jun.


text: Pervanadate activated NF-kappa B, as shown by an increase in DNA-binding activity of this transcription factor.

text: Pervanadate

text: activated

text: NF-kappa

text: B,

text: as

text: shown

text: by

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: DNA-binding

text: activity

text: of

text: this

text: transcription

text: factor.


text: All ER+ and ER- cells tested remained sensitive after treatment with TAM to lysis by LAK cells.

text: All

text: ER+

text: and

text: ER-

text: cells

text: tested

text: remained

text: sensitive

text: after

text: treatment

text: with

text: TAM

text: to

text: lysis

text: by

text: LAK

text: cells.


text: Salicylates have been shown to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced gene transcription via inhibition of NF-kappa B activation by preventing the degradation of NF-kappa B inhibitor " I kappa B ", blocking the translocation of NF-kappa B into the nuclear compartment.

text: Salicylates

text: have

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: inhibit

text: lipopolysaccharide-induced

text: gene

text: transcription

text: via

text: inhibition

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: activation

text: by

text: preventing

text: the

text: degradation

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: inhibitor

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: blocking

text: the

text: translocation

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: into

text: the

text: nuclear

text: compartment.


text: Results

text: Results


text: These studies suggest that antagonism by dexamethasone of endotoxin-induced inflammation is a specific instance of the general biological principle that the glucocorticoid receptor is a hormone-dependent regulator of transcription .

text: These

text: studies

text: suggest

text: that

text: antagonism

text: by

text: dexamethasone

text: of

text: endotoxin-induced

text: inflammation

text: is

text: a

text: specific

text: instance

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: biological

text: principle

text: that

text: the

text: glucocorticoid

text: receptor

text: is

text: a

text: hormone-dependent

text: regulator

text: of

text: transcription


text: Human peripheral B cells became capable of constitutively producing p40 by in vitro transformation with EBV, coincident with the expression of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) of EBV.

text: Human

text: peripheral

text: B

text: cells

text: became

text: capable

text: of

text: constitutively

text: producing

text: by

text: in

text: vitro

text: transformation

text: with

text: EBV,

text: coincident

text: with

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: latent

text: membrane

text: protein

text: of

text: EBV.


text: Lineage-specific expression is controlled at the level of mRNA transcription.

text: Lineage-specific

text: expression

text: is

text: controlled

text: at

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: mRNA

text: transcription.


text: In addition, the presence of an alternative promoter site, which exists within the intron downstream of the exon 1, became evident.

text: In

text: addition,

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: an

text: alternative

text: promoter

text: site,

text: which

text: exists

text: within

text: the

text: intron

text: downstream

text: of

text: the

text: exon

text: became

text: evident.


text: Pb did not activate NF-kappa B in 4 different T cell lines , suggesting that lymphoid cell lines may not be reliable surrogates for the study of transcriptional activation in human T cells .

text: Pb

text: did

text: not

text: activate

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: in

text: different

text: T

text: cell

text: lines

text: suggesting

text: that

text: lymphoid

text: cell

text: lines

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: reliable

text: surrogates

text: for

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: transcriptional

text: activation

text: in

text: human

text: T

text: cells


text: CONCLUSION .

text: CONCLUSION


text: A dramatic increase in the intracellular levels of NF-kappaB subunits c-Rel and NF-kappaB2 p100 and a moderate increase in NF-kappaB2 p52 and RelA(p65) were detected in HIV-1-infected cells, whereas NF-kappaB1 p105/p50 levels were not altered relative to the levels in uninfected cells .

text: A

text: dramatic

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: intracellular

text: levels

text: of

text: NF-kappaB

text: subunits

text: c-Rel

text: and

text: and

text: a

text: moderate

text: increase

text: in

text: and

text: were

text: detected

text: in

text: cells,

text: whereas

text: levels

text: were

text: not

text: altered

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: levels

text: in

text: uninfected

text: cells


text: ICSAT is structurally most closely related to the previously cloned ICSBP, a member of the IFN regulatory factor (IRF) family of proteins that binds to interferon consensus sequences (ICSs) found in many promoters of the IFN-regulated genes.

text: ICSAT

text: is

text: structurally

text: most

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: previously

text: cloned

text: ICSBP,

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: IFN

text: regulatory

text: factor

text: (IRF)

text: family

text: of

text: proteins

text: that

text: binds

text: to

text: interferon

text: consensus

text: sequences

text: (ICSs)

text: found

text: in

text: many

text: promoters

text: of

text: the

text: IFN-regulated

text: genes.


text: Northern blot analysis showed that the cDNA probe hybridized with a 4.5 kb transcript which is highly inducible in murine T cells.

text: Northern

text: blot

text: analysis

text: showed

text: that

text: the

text: cDNA

text: probe

text: hybridized

text: with

text: a

text: kb

text: transcript

text: which

text: is

text: highly

text: inducible

text: in

text: murine

text: T

text: cells.


text: in resting memory T cells the activator is located in the cytoplasm and is inactive, whereas in stimulated cells it is functional in promoting transcription and now resides in the nucleus.

text: in

text: resting

text: memory

text: T

text: cells

text: the

text: activator

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: cytoplasm

text: and

text: is

text: inactive,

text: whereas

text: in

text: stimulated

text: cells

text: it

text: is

text: functional

text: in

text: promoting

text: transcription

text: and

text: now

text: resides

text: in

text: the

text: nucleus.


text: Unlike classical NFkappaB sites, neither the SNE nor the SEE motif responded to phosphatase inhibition by okadaic acid .

text: Unlike

text: classical

text: NFkappaB

text: sites,

text: neither

text: the

text: SNE

text: nor

text: the

text: SEE

text: motif

text: responded

text: to

text: phosphatase

text: inhibition

text: by

text: okadaic

text: acid


text: None of the DNA fragments investigated indicated interaction of EBNA-2 with the DNA via protein-protein interactions.

text: of

text: the

text: DNA

text: fragments

text: investigated

text: indicated

text: interaction

text: of

text: with

text: the

text: DNA

text: via

text: protein-protein

text: interactions.


text: RAG1 Core and V(D)J Recombination Signal Sequences Were Derived from Transib Transposons

text: Core

text: and

text: V(D)J

text: Recombination

text: Signal

text: Sequences

text: Were

text: Derived

text: from

text: Transib

text: Transposons


text: Aclacinomycin (ACLA) and doxorubicin (DOX) were used at subtoxic concentrations to induce erythroid differentiation in the human leukemic cell line K562.

text: Aclacinomycin

text: (ACLA)

text: and

text: doxorubicin

text: (DOX)

text: were

text: used

text: at

text: subtoxic

text: concentrations

text: to

text: induce

text: erythroid

text: differentiation

text: in

text: the

text: human

text: leukemic

text: cell

text: line


text: In the transgenic mice, all the lymphoid tissues examined showed a dramatic reduction in the number of B lymphocytes (B cells).

text: In

text: the

text: transgenic

text: mice,

text: all

text: the

text: lymphoid

text: tissues

text: examined

text: showed

text: a

text: dramatic

text: reduction

text: in

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: B

text: lymphocytes

text: (B

text: cells).


text: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) inhibits B cell Ig secretion and reduces B cell membrane Ig expression.

text: Transforming

text: growth

text: factor-beta

text: (TGF-beta)

text: inhibits

text: B

text: cell

text: Ig

text: secretion

text: and

text: reduces

text: B

text: cell

text: membrane

text: Ig

text: expression.


text: If the Transitive module is not considered , the final likelihood ratios assigned to all protein pairs is the preliminary score (PS).

text: If

text: the

text: Transitive

text: module

text: is

text: not

text: considered

text: the

text: final

text: likelihood

text: ratios

text: assigned

text: to

text: all

text: protein

text: pairs

text: is

text: the

text: preliminary

text: score

text: (PS).


text: NF-AT is thought to consist of two components : a ubiquitous, inducible nuclear component that we have identified as Fos and Jun proteins, and a preexisting, T cell-specific component (NF-ATp) which is the target for the immunosuppressive agents cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK506.

text: NF-AT

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: consist

text: of

text: two

text: components

text: a

text: ubiquitous,

text: inducible

text: nuclear

text: component

text: that

text: we

text: have

text: identified

text: as

text: Fos

text: and

text: Jun

text: proteins,

text: and

text: a

text: preexisting,

text: T

text: cell-specific

text: component

text: (NF-ATp)

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: target

text: for

text: the

text: immunosuppressive

text: agents

text: cyclosporin

text: A

text: (CsA)

text: and


text: Subcloning of the variant NF-kappa B segments into LTR-driven CAT expression vectors confirmed a correlation between promoter activity and replicative/cytopathic capacity.

text: Subcloning

text: of

text: the

text: variant

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: segments

text: into

text: LTR-driven

text: CAT

text: expression

text: vectors

text: confirmed

text: a

text: correlation

text: between

text: promoter

text: activity

text: and

text: replicative/cytopathic

text: capacity.


text: Elf-1 and Stat5 bind to a critical element in a new enhancer of the human interleukin-2 receptor alpha gene [published erratum appears in Mol Cell Biol 1997 Apr;17 ( 4 ):2351]

text: and

text: bind

text: to

text: a

text: critical

text: element

text: in

text: a

text: new

text: enhancer

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: receptor

text: alpha

text: gene

text: [published

text: erratum

text: appears

text: in

text: Mol

text: Cell

text: Biol


text: We delineated an element conferring both DNA binding by the receptor in vitro and 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated repression in vivo to a short 40-bp region encompassing an important positive regulatory element, NF-AT-1, which is bound by a T-cell-specific transcription factor, NFATp, as well as by AP-1.

text: We

text: delineated

text: an

text: element

text: conferring

text: both

text: DNA

text: binding

text: by

text: the

text: receptor

text: in

text: vitro

text: and

text: repression

text: in

text: vivo

text: to

text: a

text: short

text: region

text: encompassing

text: an

text: important

text: positive

text: regulatory

text: element,

text: which

text: is

text: bound

text: by

text: a

text: T-cell-specific

text: transcription

text: factor,

text: NFATp,

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: by


text: Chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of myeloid cells disrupts the autoregulatory control of the NF-kappaB/Rel pathway via enhanced IkappaBalpha degradation.

text: Chronic

text: human

text: immunodeficiency

text: virus

text: type

text: infection

text: of

text: myeloid

text: cells

text: disrupts

text: the

text: autoregulatory

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: NF-kappaB/Rel

text: pathway

text: via

text: enhanced

text: IkappaBalpha

text: degradation.


text: By contrast, elevated levels of Ser expression failed to restore Cut expression and growth of the wing pouch in D-mib2/D-mib3 mutant larvae (Figure 8B).

text: By

text: contrast,

text: elevated

text: levels

text: of

text: Ser

text: expression

text: failed

text: to

text: restore

text: Cut

text: expression

text: and

text: growth

text: of

text: the

text: wing

text: pouch

text: in

text: mutant

text: larvae

text: (Figure


text: Furthermore, an inverse relationship was also observed between the LDL receptor gene expression at the transcriptional level and the binding affinity of this 47 kDa protein factor to the SRE sequence.

text: Furthermore,

text: an

text: inverse

text: relationship

text: was

text: also

text: observed

text: between

text: the

text: LDL

text: receptor

text: gene

text: expression

text: at

text: the

text: transcriptional

text: level

text: and

text: the

text: binding

text: affinity

text: of

text: this

text: kDa

text: protein

text: factor

text: to

text: the

text: SRE

text: sequence.