text: Consistent with post-translational regulation, no change in total level of CREB protein was observed .

text: Consistent

text: with

text: post-translational

text: regulation,

text: no

text: change

text: in

text: total

text: level

text: of

text: CREB

text: protein

text: was

text: observed


text: IL-10 inhibited translocation of NF-kappaB in response to LPS but not the fungal stimuli .

label: CUE

label: SCOPE

text: inhibited

text: translocation

text: of

text: NF-kappaB

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: LPS

text: but

text: not

text: the

text: fungal

text: stimuli


text: However, the cells obtained from IL-2-treated patients did not have low-level constitutive expression of STAT binding factors as did LAK cells.

text: However,

text: the

text: cells

text: obtained

text: from

text: patients

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: low-level

text: constitutive

text: expression

text: of

text: STAT

text: binding

text: factors

text: as

text: did

text: LAK

text: cells.


text: Targeting of the IRF-1 GAS is not confined to activation via CD40 but extends to other stimuli that mimic the CD40 signaling cascade, like TNF-alpha and EBV.

text: Targeting

text: of

text: the

text: GAS

text: is

text: not

text: confined

text: to

text: activation

text: via

text: but

text: extends

text: to

text: other

text: stimuli

text: that

text: mimic

text: the

text: signaling

text: cascade,

text: like

text: TNF-alpha

text: and

text: EBV.


text: The Fc gamma RIC GIRE is homologous to the IFN-gamma activation sequence (GAS) of the guanylate binding protein and to X box elements of class II MHC genes.

text: The

text: Fc

text: gamma

text: RIC

text: GIRE

text: is

text: homologous

text: to

text: the

text: IFN-gamma

text: activation

text: sequence

text: (GAS)

text: of

text: the

text: guanylate

text: binding

text: protein

text: and

text: to

text: X

text: box

text: elements

text: of

text: class

text: II

text: MHC

text: genes.


text: These results show that immunization with synthetic peptides can lead to the elimination of anti-tumor CTL responses .

text: These

text: results

text: show

text: that

text: immunization

text: with

text: synthetic

text: peptides

text: can

text: lead

text: to

text: the

text: elimination

text: of

text: anti-tumor

text: CTL

text: responses


text: The recombinant polypeptide formed sequence-specific complexes with the EBF-binding site in the mb-1 promoter.

text: The

text: recombinant

text: polypeptide

text: formed

text: sequence-specific

text: complexes

text: with

text: the

text: EBF-binding

text: site

text: in

text: the

text: promoter.


text: A thiol antioxidant regulates IgE isotype switching by inhibiting activation of nuclear factor-kappaB.

text: A

text: thiol

text: antioxidant

text: regulates

text: IgE

text: isotype

text: switching

text: by

text: inhibiting

text: activation

text: of

text: nuclear

text: factor-kappaB.


text: However, overexpression of p95vav does not appear to influence TCR-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation or increases in cytoplasmic free calcium .

text: However,

text: overexpression

text: of

text: does

text: not

text: appear

text: to

text: influence

text: TCR-induced

text: protein

text: tyrosine

text: phosphorylation

text: or

text: increases

text: in

text: cytoplasmic

text: free

text: calcium


text: Treatment of T cells with the protein kinase C activator PMA in combination with Ca2+ ionophores mimics this process, and the two agents are often substituted for TCR stimulation, bypassing the TCR.

text: Treatment

text: of

text: T

text: cells

text: with

text: the

text: protein

text: kinase

text: C

text: activator

text: PMA

text: in

text: combination

text: with

text: ionophores

text: mimics

text: this

text: process,

text: and

text: the

text: two

text: agents

text: are

text: often

text: substituted

text: for

text: TCR

text: stimulation,

text: bypassing

text: the

text: TCR.


text: These findings, therefore, could have clinical significance to AIDS patients with malignancies who are undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy .

text: These

text: findings,

text: therefore,

text: could

text: have

text: clinical

text: significance

text: to

text: AIDS

text: patients

text: with

text: malignancies

text: who

text: are

text: undergoing

text: radiotherapy

text: and

text: chemotherapy


text: One of the essential proteins which bound to the enhancer was similar or identical to members of the C/EBP family of transcription factors required for both IL-1- and LPS-specific induction of the IL-6 gene (i.e., the NF-IL6 proteins).

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: essential

text: proteins

text: which

text: bound

text: to

text: the

text: enhancer

text: was

text: similar

text: or

text: identical

text: to

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: C/EBP

text: family

text: of

text: transcription

text: factors

text: required

text: for

text: both

text: and

text: LPS-specific

text: induction

text: of

text: the

text: gene

text: (i.e.,

text: the

text: proteins).


text: In contrast, this receptor mutant showed low levels of xenobiotic response element-binding activity, indicating that the PAS domain may be important for DNA-binding affinity and/or specificity of the receptor .

text: In

text: contrast,

text: this

text: receptor

text: mutant

text: showed

text: low

text: levels

text: of

text: xenobiotic

text: response

text: element-binding

text: activity,

text: indicating

text: that

text: the

text: PAS

text: domain

text: may

text: be

text: important

text: for

text: DNA-binding

text: affinity

text: and/or

text: specificity

text: of

text: the

text: receptor


text: Identification of an ionomycin/cyclosporin A-responsive element within the human T cell receptor gamma enhancer.

text: Identification

text: of

text: an

text: ionomycin/cyclosporin

text: A-responsive

text: element

text: within

text: the

text: human

text: T

text: cell

text: receptor

text: gamma

text: enhancer.


text: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), an oncogenic human herpesvirus, binds to and infects normal human B lymphocytes via CD21, the CR2 complement receptor.

text: Epstein-Barr

text: virus

text: (EBV),

text: an

text: oncogenic

text: human

text: herpesvirus,

text: binds

text: to

text: and

text: infects

text: normal

text: human

text: B

text: lymphocytes

text: via

text: the

text: complement

text: receptor.


text: It was found that the number of ER in the patients was significantly decreased.

text: It

text: was

text: found

text: that

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: ER

text: in

text: the

text: patients

text: was

text: significantly

text: decreased.


text: In addition, Dcp-1 has a substrate specificity that is very similar to that of two effector caspases, mammalian caspase 3 and C. elegans CED-3 [10].

text: In

text: addition,

text: has

text: a

text: substrate

text: specificity

text: that

text: is

text: very

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: two

text: effector

text: caspases,

text: mammalian

text: caspase

text: and

text: C.

text: elegans


text: In contrast, OTF-1-enriched protein fractions did not affect DRA gene transcription although it functionally enhanced the transcription of another gene.

text: In

text: contrast,

text: protein

text: fractions

text: did

text: not

text: affect

text: DRA

text: gene

text: transcription

text: although

text: it

text: functionally

text: enhanced

text: the

text: transcription

text: of

text: another

text: gene.


text: HTLV-1 infection causes an adult T cell leukemia in humans.

text: infection

text: causes

text: an

text: adult

text: T

text: cell

text: leukemia

text: in

text: humans.


text: Both TNF-alpha and NF-kappa B are also involved in the stimulation of the pathway that leads to the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and, hence, antigen presentation to the T cells.

text: Both

text: TNF-alpha

text: and

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: are

text: also

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: stimulation

text: of

text: the

text: pathway

text: that

text: leads

text: to

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: major

text: histocompatibility

text: complex

text: (MHC)

text: class

text: I

text: molecules

text: and,

text: hence,

text: antigen

text: presentation

text: to

text: the

text: T

text: cells.


text: Programmed cell death is a process required for the normal development of an organism.

text: Programmed

text: cell

text: death

text: is

text: a

text: process

text: required

text: for

text: the

text: normal

text: development

text: of

text: an

text: organism.


text: In contrast, ligand activation of c-Kit was unable to induce any of these effects in the same cells .

text: In

text: contrast,

text: ligand

text: activation

text: of

text: c-Kit

text: was

text: unable

text: to

text: induce

text: any

text: of

text: these

text: effects

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: cells


text: The rest is a cluster of TetR-like transcriptional regulators from Methanosarcina acetivorans and M. barkeri.

text: The

text: rest

text: is

text: a

text: cluster

text: of

text: TetR-like

text: transcriptional

text: regulators

text: from

text: Methanosarcina

text: acetivorans

text: and

text: M.

text: barkeri.


text: Targeting the most frequent domain pairs would increase the coverage of databases such as iPfam, shedding more light onto the molecular mechanisms underpinning cellular networks .

text: Targeting

text: the

text: most

text: frequent

text: domain

text: pairs

text: would

text: increase

text: the

text: coverage

text: of

text: databases

text: such

text: as

text: iPfam,

text: shedding

text: more

text: light

text: onto

text: the

text: molecular

text: mechanisms

text: underpinning

text: cellular

text: networks


text: While PKC-dependent pathways sequentially result in the phosphorylation and in an incomplete degradation of IkB alpha in T cell lines, co-activation of Ca(2+)-dependent pathways accelerates the rate of IkB alpha phosphorylation and results in its complete degradation.

text: While

text: PKC-dependent

text: pathways

text: sequentially

text: result

text: in

text: the

text: phosphorylation

text: and

text: in

text: an

text: incomplete

text: degradation

text: of

text: IkB

text: alpha

text: in

text: T

text: cell

text: lines,

text: co-activation

text: of

text: pathways

text: accelerates

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: IkB

text: alpha

text: phosphorylation

text: and

text: results

text: in

text: its

text: complete

text: degradation.


text: Amino acids are shaded on the basis of their physiochemical properties according to the color scheme implemented in Genedoc [43]: Black shading marks hydrophobic residues, blue indicates charged (white font), positively charged (red font), and negatively charged (green font); red indicates proline (blue font) and glycine (green font); gray indicates aliphatic (red font) and aromatic (blue font); green indicates polar (black font) and amphoteric (red font); yellow indicates tiny (blue font) and small (green font).

text: Amino

text: acids

text: are

text: shaded

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: their

text: physiochemical

text: properties

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: color

text: scheme

text: implemented

text: in

text: Genedoc

text: Black

text: shading

text: marks

text: hydrophobic

text: residues,

text: blue

text: indicates

text: charged

text: (white

text: font),

text: positively

text: charged

text: (red

text: font),

text: and

text: negatively

text: charged

text: (green

text: font);

text: red

text: indicates

text: proline

text: (blue

text: font)

text: and

text: glycine

text: (green

text: font);

text: gray

text: indicates

text: aliphatic

text: (red

text: font)

text: and

text: aromatic

text: (blue

text: font);

text: green

text: indicates

text: polar

text: (black

text: font)

text: and

text: amphoteric

text: (red

text: font);

text: yellow

text: indicates

text: tiny

text: (blue

text: font)

text: and

text: small

text: (green

text: font).


text: These syncytia lack activated cells as determined by an absence of staining for Ki-67 cell cycle antigen .

text: These

text: syncytia

text: lack

text: activated

text: cells

text: as

text: determined

text: by

text: an

text: absence

text: of

text: staining

text: for

text: cell

text: cycle

text: antigen


text: Human CD4 lymphocytes specifically recognize a peptide representing the fusion region of the hybrid protein pml/RAR alpha present in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells.

text: Human

text: lymphocytes

text: specifically

text: recognize

text: a

text: peptide

text: representing

text: the

text: fusion

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: hybrid

text: protein

text: pml/RAR

text: alpha

text: present

text: in

text: acute

text: promyelocytic

text: leukemia

text: cells.


text: The Pearson correlation between pairs of modules was estimated by taking 150 samples of 10000 protein pairs each and calculating the Pearson correlation of the likelihood ratios for the two modules considered, for each sample.

text: The

text: Pearson

text: correlation

text: between

text: pairs

text: of

text: modules

text: was

text: estimated

text: by

text: taking

text: samples

text: of

text: protein

text: pairs

text: each

text: and

text: calculating

text: the

text: Pearson

text: correlation

text: of

text: the

text: likelihood

text: ratios

text: for

text: the

text: two

text: modules

text: considered,

text: for

text: each

text: sample.


text: All three cell lines expressed vitamin D receptor and had increased levels of IL-1 beta mRNA in response to LPS.

text: All

text: three

text: cell

text: lines

text: expressed

text: vitamin

text: D

text: receptor

text: and

text: had

text: increased

text: levels

text: of

text: beta

text: mRNA

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: LPS.


text: For example, the ROC50 AUC rises from 0.044 to 0.075 when the Transitive module is added to the Expression-Orthology-Combined predictor, and the number of predictions above a posterior odds ratio of 1 doubles from 15330 to 34780.

text: For

text: example,

text: the

text: AUC

text: rises

text: from

text: to

text: when

text: the

text: Transitive

text: module

text: is

text: added

text: to

text: the

text: Expression-Orthology-Combined

text: predictor,

text: and

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: predictions

text: above

text: a

text: posterior

text: odds

text: ratio

text: of

text: doubles

text: from

text: to


text: Resistance to tumor necrosis factor induced apoptosis in vitro correlates with high metastatic capacity of cells in vivo.

text: Resistance

text: to

text: tumor

text: necrosis

text: factor

text: induced

text: apoptosis

text: in

text: vitro

text: correlates

text: with

text: high

text: metastatic

text: capacity

text: of

text: cells

text: in

text: vivo.


text: This family - with at least 19 members, divided into pro- and anti-apoptotic subgroups - has been largely defined by protein-protein interactions among its members (reviewed in [17]).

text: This

text: family

text: with

text: at

text: least

text: members,

text: divided

text: into

text: pro-

text: and

text: anti-apoptotic

text: subgroups

text: has

text: been

text: largely

text: defined

text: by

text: protein-protein

text: interactions

text: among

text: its

text: members

text: (reviewed

text: in


text: Thus it is clear that the adgf-a mutant is arrested in development due to an effect of the mutation on hormone production from the ring gland.

text: Thus

text: it

text: is

text: clear

text: that

text: the

text: adgf-a

text: mutant

text: is

text: arrested

text: in

text: development

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: effect

text: of

text: the

text: mutation

text: on

text: hormone

text: production

text: from

text: the

text: ring

text: gland.


text: We show that a central core in the kappa E3' enhancer is active at the pre-B-cell stage but is repressed by flanking negative-acting elements.

text: We

text: show

text: that

text: a

text: central

text: core

text: in

text: the

text: kappa

text: enhancer

text: is

text: active

text: at

text: the

text: pre-B-cell

text: stage

text: but

text: is

text: repressed

text: by

text: flanking

text: negative-acting

text: elements.


text: In THP-1 cells, Fc gamma R cross-linking induced NF-kappa B, which is known to bind to the regulatory region of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of HIV-1 and to activate HIV-1 transcription.

text: In

text: cells,

text: Fc

text: gamma

text: R

text: cross-linking

text: induced

text: NF-kappa

text: B,

text: which

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: bind

text: to

text: the

text: regulatory

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: long

text: terminal

text: repeat

text: (LTR)

text: of

text: and

text: to

text: activate

text: transcription.


text: Relief of cyclin A gene transcriptional inhibition during activation of human primary T lymphocytes via CD2 and CD28 adhesion molecules.

text: Relief

text: of

text: cyclin

text: A

text: gene

text: transcriptional

text: inhibition

text: during

text: activation

text: of

text: human

text: primary

text: T

text: lymphocytes

text: via

text: and

text: adhesion

text: molecules.


text: In addition, we demonstrated that the EBNA-1 gene in infected thymocytes was transcribed from the Fp promoter, rather than from the Cp/Wp promoter which is used in latently infected B cells .

text: In

text: addition,

text: we

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: the

text: gene

text: in

text: infected

text: thymocytes

text: was

text: transcribed

text: from

text: the

text: Fp

text: promoter,

text: rather

text: than

text: from

text: the

text: Cp/Wp

text: promoter

text: which

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: latently

text: infected

text: B

text: cells


text: A differentiation-associated pattern of BZLF1 expression was observed, BZ1 reacting with nuclei of the upper spinous layer of the lesion.

text: A

text: differentiation-associated

text: pattern

text: of

text: expression

text: was

text: observed,

text: reacting

text: with

text: nuclei

text: of

text: the

text: upper

text: spinous

text: layer

text: of

text: the

text: lesion.


text: This ability of CIITA to facilitate promoter occupation is undissociable from its transactivation potential.

text: This

text: ability

text: of

text: CIITA

text: to

text: facilitate

text: promoter

text: occupation

text: is

text: undissociable

text: from

text: its

text: transactivation

text: potential.


text: However, a minority of LYSP100 nuclear dots exactly colocalized with PML and SP100.

text: However,

text: a

text: minority

text: of

text: nuclear

text: dots

text: exactly

text: colocalized

text: with

text: PML

text: and


text: We show that the constitutive expression of the T24 Ha-ras oncogene in EBV-immortalized B lymphoblasts was associated with the induction of the interleukin 2 receptor alpha subunit, with an impaired immunoglobulin gene expression, altered adhesion properties and increased survival in serum-free medium.

text: We

text: show

text: that

text: the

text: constitutive

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: Ha-ras

text: oncogene

text: in

text: EBV-immortalized

text: B

text: lymphoblasts

text: was

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: induction

text: of

text: the

text: interleukin

text: receptor

text: alpha

text: subunit,

text: with

text: an

text: impaired

text: immunoglobulin

text: gene

text: expression,

text: altered

text: adhesion

text: properties

text: and

text: increased

text: survival

text: in

text: serum-free

text: medium.


text: Together, these in vivo studies define a critical signal response domain in I kappa B alpha that coordinately controls the biologic activities of I kappa B alpha and NF-kappa B in response to viral and immune stimuli.

text: Together,

text: these

text: in

text: vivo

text: studies

text: define

text: a

text: critical

text: signal

text: response

text: domain

text: in

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: alpha

text: that

text: coordinately

text: controls

text: the

text: biologic

text: activities

text: of

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: alpha

text: and

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: viral

text: and

text: immune

text: stimuli.


text: ADA is not the only adenosine deaminase in mammalian cells .

text: ADA

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: only

text: adenosine

text: deaminase

text: in

text: mammalian

text: cells


text: Background

text: Background


text: In T cells stimulated with purified phytohemagglutinin (PHA-p) and 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) addition of DM to the cultures resulted in a 60 % reduction in IL-2R alpha and a 30 % reduction in IL-2R beta membrane expression compared to T cells cultured in the absence of DM (p

text: In

text: T

text: cells

text: stimulated

text: with

text: purified

text: phytohemagglutinin

text: (PHA-p)

text: and

text: beta-phorbol

text: (PMA)

text: addition

text: of

text: DM

text: to

text: the

text: cultures

text: resulted

text: in

text: a

text: reduction

text: in

text: alpha

text: and

text: a

text: reduction

text: in

text: beta

text: membrane

text: expression

text: compared

text: to

text: T

text: cells

text: cultured

text: in

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: DM

text: (p


text: FK506 and cyclosporin A block translocation of the cytoplasmic component without affecting synthesis of the nuclear subunit .

text: and

text: cyclosporin

text: A

text: block

text: translocation

text: of

text: the

text: cytoplasmic

text: component

text: without

text: affecting

text: synthesis

text: of

text: the

text: nuclear

text: subunit


text: These findings have suggested that cysteine residue ( s ) of NF kappa B might be involved in the DNA-recognition by NF kappa B and that the redox control mechanism mediated by Trx might have a regulatory role in the NF kappa B-mediated gene expression .

text: These

text: findings

text: have

text: suggested

text: that

text: cysteine

text: residue

text: s

text: of

text: NF

text: kappa

text: B

text: might

text: be

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: DNA-recognition

text: by

text: NF

text: kappa

text: B

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: redox

text: control

text: mechanism

text: mediated

text: by

text: Trx

text: might

text: have

text: a

text: regulatory

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: NF

text: kappa

text: B-mediated

text: gene

text: expression


text: Finally, by co-transfection experiments, we study the elements involved in the hGATA-1 transactivation of the R-PK promoter in HeLa cells.

text: Finally,

text: by

text: co-transfection

text: experiments,

text: we

text: study

text: the

text: elements

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: transactivation

text: of

text: the

text: R-PK

text: promoter

text: in

text: HeLa

text: cells.


text: Copyright 1998 Academic Press.

text: Copyright

text: Academic

text: Press.


text: Transfection of EL-4 cells with the IL-4 promoter-reporter constructs carrying mutated P-like elements showed that four P-like elements, CLE0, P, P2 and P4, but not P3 , were required for optimal activation of the IL-4 promoter.

text: Transfection

text: of

text: cells

text: with

text: the

text: promoter-reporter

text: constructs

text: carrying

text: mutated

text: P-like

text: elements

text: showed

text: that

text: four

text: P-like

text: elements,

text: P,

text: and

text: but

text: not

text: were

text: required

text: for

text: optimal

text: activation

text: of

text: the

text: promoter.


text: In EMSAs, this substitution results in a markedly enhanced affinity for sequence-specific complexes exhibiting an AP-1 specificity.

text: In

text: EMSAs,

text: this

text: substitution

text: results

text: in

text: a

text: markedly

text: enhanced

text: affinity

text: for

text: sequence-specific

text: complexes

text: exhibiting

text: an

text: specificity.


text: Transcription-independent turnover of I kappa B alpha during monocyte adherence: implications for a translational component regulating I kappa B alpha/MAD-3 mRNA levels.

text: Transcription-independent

text: turnover

text: of

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: alpha

text: during

text: monocyte

text: adherence:

text: implications

text: for

text: a

text: translational

text: component

text: regulating

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: mRNA

text: levels.


text: The efficacy of the activated LN cells is augmented when the sensitizing tumor is a genetically modified variant (designated D5G6) that secretes granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor.

text: The

text: efficacy

text: of

text: the

text: activated

text: LN

text: cells

text: is

text: augmented

text: when

text: the

text: sensitizing

text: tumor

text: is

text: a

text: genetically

text: modified

text: variant

text: (designated

text: that

text: secretes

text: factor.


text: Suppression of nuclear factor kappa B and CD18-mediated leukocyte adhesion to the corneal endothelium by dexamethasone.

text: Suppression

text: of

text: nuclear

text: factor

text: kappa

text: B

text: and

text: leukocyte

text: adhesion

text: to

text: the

text: corneal

text: endothelium

text: by

text: dexamethasone.


text: The best combination of Group A modules is the predictor consisting of the Expression, Orthology and Combined modules.

text: The

text: best

text: combination

text: of

text: Group

text: A

text: modules

text: is

text: the

text: predictor

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: Expression,

text: Orthology

text: and

text: Combined

text: modules.


text: HIV-1 infection of myeloid cells can lead to the expression of surface receptors associated with cellular activation and/or differentiation that increase the responsiveness of these cells to cytokines secreted by neighboring cells as well as to bacteria or other pathogens .

text: infection

text: of

text: myeloid

text: cells

text: can

text: lead

text: to

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: surface

text: receptors

text: associated

text: with

text: cellular

text: activation

text: and/or

text: differentiation

text: that

text: increase

text: the

text: responsiveness

text: of

text: these

text: cells

text: to

text: cytokines

text: secreted

text: by

text: neighboring

text: cells

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: to

text: bacteria

text: or

text: other

text: pathogens


text: To limit expression of a transduced HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR)-IFNA2 (the new approved nomenclature for IFN genes is used throughout this article) hybrid gene to the HIV-1-infected cells, HIV-1 LTR was modified.

text: To

text: limit

text: expression

text: of

text: a

text: transduced

text: long

text: terminal

text: repeat

text: (the

text: new

text: approved

text: nomenclature

text: for

text: IFN

text: genes

text: is

text: used

text: throughout

text: this

text: article)

text: hybrid

text: gene

text: to

text: the

text: cells,

text: LTR

text: was

text: modified.


text: Indeed, when Tax is coexpressed with the E2F-1 transcription factor in CEM T-cells, which lack expression of p16(INK4A) , it strongly potentiates the E2F-dependent activation of a reporter construct driven by a promoter containing E2F binding sites.

text: Indeed,

text: when

text: Tax

text: is

text: coexpressed

text: with

text: the

text: transcription

text: factor

text: in

text: CEM

text: T-cells,

text: which

text: lack

text: expression

text: of

text: it

text: strongly

text: potentiates

text: the

text: activation

text: of

text: a

text: reporter

text: construct

text: driven

text: by

text: a

text: promoter

text: containing

text: binding

text: sites.


text: A decrease in helicase and DNA-dependent ATPase activities was also observed with the mutated recombinant XPB protein.

text: A

text: decrease

text: in

text: helicase

text: and

text: DNA-dependent

text: ATPase

text: activities

text: was

text: also

text: observed

text: with

text: the

text: mutated

text: recombinant

text: XPB

text: protein.


text: These results suggest that the activation signals in human B cells and monocytes differ following CD40 stimulation .

text: These

text: results

text: suggest

text: that

text: the

text: activation

text: signals

text: in

text: human

text: B

text: cells

text: and

text: monocytes

text: differ

text: following

text: stimulation


text: Phospholipid analyses indicated a selective increase in the lysoPC content of the monocytes after preincubation with the lysophospholipid.

text: Phospholipid

text: analyses

text: indicated

text: a

text: selective

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: lysoPC

text: content

text: of

text: the

text: monocytes

text: after

text: preincubation

text: with

text: the

text: lysophospholipid.


text: In 16HBE human bronchial epithelial cells, IL-8 expression is regulated predominantly by NF-kappaB, and PG490 but not cyclosporin A can completely inhibit expression of IL-8.

text: In

text: human

text: bronchial

text: epithelial

text: cells,

text: expression

text: is

text: regulated

text: predominantly

text: by

text: NF-kappaB,

text: and

text: but

text: not

text: cyclosporin

text: A

text: can

text: completely

text: inhibit

text: expression

text: of


text: Tax co-transfected with reporter constructs into Jurkat cells maximally activated HTLV-I-LTR-CAT and kappa B-fos-CAT and also activated LT-293 to a lesser extent.

text: Tax

text: co-transfected

text: with

text: reporter

text: constructs

text: into

text: Jurkat

text: cells

text: maximally

text: activated

text: HTLV-I-LTR-CAT

text: and

text: kappa

text: B-fos-CAT

text: and

text: also

text: activated

text: to

text: a

text: lesser

text: extent.


text: T-lymphocytes from individuals with filarial inflammatory disease have increased transendothelial migration in vitro.

text: T-lymphocytes

text: from

text: individuals

text: with

text: filarial

text: inflammatory

text: disease

text: have

text: increased

text: transendothelial

text: migration

text: in

text: vitro.


text: Using RT-PCR, IL-1beta was shown to be up-regulated in EBV-transformed LCLs as well as in group III Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines, compared with group I BL cell lines.

text: Using

text: RT-PCR,

text: was

text: shown

text: to

text: be

text: up-regulated

text: in

text: EBV-transformed

text: LCLs

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: group

text: III

text: Burkitt's

text: lymphoma

text: (BL)

text: cell

text: lines,

text: compared

text: with

text: group

text: I

text: BL

text: cell

text: lines.


text: In support of this interpretation, mutation of putative nuclear localization sequences decreased nuclear localization and increased transcriptional activation by membrane-bound DeltaE.

text: In

text: support

text: of

text: this

text: interpretation,

text: mutation

text: of

text: putative

text: nuclear

text: localization

text: sequences

text: decreased

text: nuclear

text: localization

text: and

text: increased

text: transcriptional

text: activation

text: by

text: membrane-bound

text: DeltaE.


text: In this study, c-myc protooncogene mRNA expression in 29 labial minor salivary gland biopsies from patients with primary SS and 15 controls was examined using in situ hybridization histochemistry.

text: In

text: this

text: study,

text: c-myc

text: protooncogene

text: mRNA

text: expression

text: in

text: labial

text: minor

text: salivary

text: gland

text: biopsies

text: from

text: patients

text: with

text: primary

text: SS

text: and

text: controls

text: was

text: examined

text: using

text: in

text: situ

text: hybridization

text: histochemistry.


text: That is, a dominant negative GSK-3beta does not specifically activate Tcf transcription and stimuli (lithium or phytohemagglutinin) that inhibit GSK-3beta activity also do not activate Tcf reporter genes .

text: That

text: is,

text: a

text: dominant

text: negative

text: does

text: not

text: specifically

text: activate

text: Tcf

text: transcription

text: and

text: stimuli

text: (lithium

text: or

text: phytohemagglutinin)

text: that

text: inhibit

text: activity

text: also

text: do

text: not

text: activate

text: Tcf

text: reporter

text: genes


text: Tumor cell lines with a defective retinoblastoma gene are unable to transcribe the HLA class II genes in response to IFN-gamma treatment , and reconstitution of functional Rb rescues IFN-gamma-induced class II gene expression.

text: Tumor

text: cell

text: lines

text: with

text: a

text: defective

text: retinoblastoma

text: gene

text: are

text: unable

text: to

text: transcribe

text: the

text: HLA

text: class

text: II

text: genes

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: IFN-gamma

text: treatment

text: and

text: reconstitution

text: of

text: functional

text: Rb

text: rescues

text: IFN-gamma-induced

text: class

text: II

text: gene

text: expression.


text: However, the inositol phosphate response was stronger for 64.1 than for OKT3.

text: However,

text: the

text: inositol

text: phosphate

text: response

text: was

text: stronger

text: for

text: than

text: for


text: The HB24 mRNA was absent or present at low levels in normal B and T lymphocytes;

text: The

text: mRNA

text: was

text: absent

text: or

text: present

text: at

text: low

text: levels

text: in

text: normal

text: B

text: and

text: T

text: lymphocytes;


text: Comparison of cDNA and genomic sequences reveals a 4-exon structure characteristic of the FOS family of genes.

text: Comparison

text: of

text: cDNA

text: and

text: genomic

text: sequences

text: reveals

text: a

text: structure

text: characteristic

text: of

text: the

text: FOS

text: family

text: of

text: genes.


text: A similar rescue was observed with a YFP::D-mib protein (Figure 7B–7B?)â€ť, indicating that YFP::D-mib is functional .

text: A

text: similar

text: rescue

text: was

text: observed

text: with

text: a

text: YFP::D-mib

text: protein

text: (Figure

text: indicating

text: that

text: YFP::D-mib

text: is

text: functional


text: Antigen receptor signals prolong NF-kappa B-DNA interaction, probably by functionally antagonizing the IL-1-induced synthesis of a protein(s) responsible for the transient NF-kappa B-DNA interaction and consequently synergistically enhance IL-1-induced NF-kappa B-dependent gene transcription.

text: Antigen

text: receptor

text: signals

text: prolong

text: NF-kappa

text: B-DNA

text: interaction,

text: probably

text: by

text: functionally

text: antagonizing

text: the

text: synthesis

text: of

text: a

text: protein(s)

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: transient

text: NF-kappa

text: B-DNA

text: interaction

text: and

text: consequently

text: synergistically

text: enhance

text: NF-kappa

text: B-dependent

text: gene

text: transcription.


text: In fact, IFNs inhibit growth of various normal and transformed cell types.

text: In

text: fact,

text: IFNs

text: inhibit

text: growth

text: of

text: various

text: normal

text: and

text: transformed

text: cell

text: types.


text: Leukocyte integrins are fundamentally important in modulating adhesion to extracellular matrix components and to other cells.

text: Leukocyte

text: integrins

text: are

text: fundamentally

text: important

text: in

text: modulating

text: adhesion

text: to

text: extracellular

text: matrix

text: components

text: and

text: to

text: other

text: cells.


text: Glucocorticosteroids remain the major treatment modality for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but their mechanism of action is unclear.

text: Glucocorticosteroids

text: remain

text: the

text: major

text: treatment

text: modality

text: for

text: systemic

text: lupus

text: erythematosus

text: (SLE),

text: but

text: their

text: mechanism

text: of

text: action

text: is

text: unclear.


text: Although NAC reduced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation in EC as measured by gel-shift assays using an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to the consensus NF-kappa B binding sites of the VCAM-1 gene (VCAM-NF-kappa B), the antioxidant had no appreciable effect when an oligomer corresponding to the consensus NF-kappa B binding site of the E-selectin gene (E-selectin-NF-kappa B) was used .

text: Although

text: NAC

text: reduced

text: nuclear

text: factor-kappa

text: B

text: (NF-kappa

text: B)

text: activation

text: in

text: EC

text: as

text: measured

text: by

text: gel-shift

text: assays

text: using

text: an

text: oligonucleotide

text: probe

text: corresponding

text: to

text: the

text: consensus

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: binding

text: sites

text: of

text: the

text: gene

text: (VCAM-NF-kappa

text: B),

text: the

text: antioxidant

text: had

text: no

text: appreciable

text: effect

text: when

text: an

text: oligomer

text: corresponding

text: to

text: the

text: consensus

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: binding

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: E-selectin

text: gene

text: (E-selectin-NF-kappa

text: B)

text: was

text: used


text: Nuclear run-on experiments showed that THP inhibited transcription of the IL-1 beta gene.

text: Nuclear

text: run-on

text: experiments

text: showed

text: that

text: THP

text: inhibited

text: transcription

text: of

text: the

text: beta

text: gene.


text: Further studies were carried out using differential RNA display (DD).

text: Further

text: studies

text: were

text: carried

text: out

text: using

text: differential

text: RNA

text: display

text: (DD).


text: In parallel, increased levels of transcripts for IP-10, a murine homologue in the chemokine family related to IL-8, were observed in hypoxic lung tissue.

text: In

text: parallel,

text: increased

text: levels

text: of

text: transcripts

text: for

text: a

text: murine

text: homologue

text: in

text: the

text: chemokine

text: family

text: related

text: to

text: were

text: observed

text: in

text: hypoxic

text: lung

text: tissue.


text: Elf-1 binds exclusively to the underphosphorylated form of Rb and fails to bind to Rb mutants derived from patients with retinoblastoma.

text: binds

text: exclusively

text: to

text: the

text: underphosphorylated

text: form

text: of

text: Rb

text: and

text: fails

text: to

text: bind

text: to

text: Rb

text: mutants

text: derived

text: from

text: patients

text: with

text: retinoblastoma.


text: This is most likely due to the presence of the lymphoid-specific OTF-2 factor .

text: This

text: is

text: most

text: likely

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: the

text: lymphoid-specific

text: factor


text: Human myeloid differentiation is accompanied by a decrease in cell proliferation.

text: Human

text: myeloid

text: differentiation

text: is

text: accompanied

text: by

text: a

text: decrease

text: in

text: cell

text: proliferation.


text: Thymocytes, activated peripheral T lymphocytes, or an activated T-cell clone were used as human partners, respectively, in three independent fusions.

text: Thymocytes,

text: activated

text: peripheral

text: T

text: lymphocytes,

text: or

text: an

text: activated

text: T-cell

text: clone

text: were

text: used

text: as

text: human

text: partners,

text: respectively,

text: in

text: three

text: independent

text: fusions.


text: Thus, c-Fos/c-Jun heterodimers might contribute to the repression of DRA gene expression .

text: Thus,

text: c-Fos/c-Jun

text: heterodimers

text: might

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: repression

text: of

text: DRA

text: gene

text: expression


text: Alteration of structural order of human erythrocyte ghost membrane by glucocorticoids and the influence of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 486.

text: Alteration

text: of

text: structural

text: order

text: of

text: human

text: erythrocyte

text: ghost

text: membrane

text: by

text: glucocorticoids

text: and

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: glucocorticoid

text: receptor

text: antagonist

text: RU


text: Furthermore, deletion and mutation analyses of the VCAM-1 promoter performed with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs revealed that Tax was trans activating the VCAM-1 promoter via two NF-kappaB sites present at bp -72 and -57 in the VCAM-1 gene promoter, with both of them being required for the Tax-induced expression of this adhesion molecule.

text: Furthermore,

text: deletion

text: and

text: mutation

text: analyses

text: of

text: the

text: promoter

text: performed

text: with

text: chloramphenicol

text: acetyltransferase

text: constructs

text: revealed

text: that

text: Tax

text: was

text: trans

text: activating

text: the

text: promoter

text: via

text: two

text: NF-kappaB

text: sites

text: present

text: at

text: bp

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: gene

text: promoter,

text: with

text: both

text: of

text: them

text: being

text: required

text: for

text: the

text: Tax-induced

text: expression

text: of

text: this

text: adhesion

text: molecule.


text: Bacterial lipopolysaccharide activates nuclear factor-kappaB through interleukin-1 signaling mediators in cultured human dermal endothelial cells and mononuclear phagocytes.

text: Bacterial

text: lipopolysaccharide

text: activates

text: nuclear

text: factor-kappaB

text: through

text: signaling

text: mediators

text: in

text: cultured

text: human

text: dermal

text: endothelial

text: cells

text: and

text: mononuclear

text: phagocytes.


text: We therefore determined whether corticosteroids suppress inflammation by inhibiting endothelial expression of adhesion molecules for neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) .

text: We

text: therefore

text: determined

text: whether

text: corticosteroids

text: suppress

text: inflammation

text: by

text: inhibiting

text: endothelial

text: expression

text: of

text: adhesion

text: molecules

text: for

text: neutrophils

text: (polymorphonuclear

text: leukocytes)


text: In six of seven patients examined, inhibition of the VLA-4/VCAM-1 pathway resulted in greater than 50% inhibition of transendothelial migration of T-cells.

text: In

text: six

text: of

text: seven

text: patients

text: examined,

text: inhibition

text: of

text: the

text: pathway

text: resulted

text: in

text: greater

text: than

text: inhibition

text: of

text: transendothelial

text: migration

text: of

text: T-cells.


text: These findings highlight the role of thrombin as a potential regulator of T lymphocyte activation.

text: These

text: findings

text: highlight

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: thrombin

text: as

text: a

text: potential

text: regulator

text: of

text: T

text: lymphocyte

text: activation.


text: During the differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells isolated from T cell receptor transgenic mice, GATA-3 gene expression was up-regulated in developing Th2 cells, but was down-regulated in Th1 cells, and antigen- or cAMP-activated Th2 cells (but not Th1 cells ) expressed the GATA-3 protein.

text: During

text: the

text: differentiation

text: of

text: naive

text: T

text: cells

text: isolated

text: from

text: T

text: cell

text: receptor

text: transgenic

text: mice,

text: gene

text: expression

text: was

text: up-regulated

text: in

text: developing

text: cells,

text: but

text: was

text: down-regulated

text: in

text: cells,

text: and

text: antigen-

text: or

text: cAMP-activated

text: cells

text: (but

text: not

text: cells

text: expressed

text: the

text: protein.


text: Akthar et al. [2] turned their focus towards the MOF protein as a potential candidate for interaction with roX2 RNA .

text: Akthar

text: et

text: al.

text: turned

text: their

text: focus

text: towards

text: the

text: MOF

text: protein

text: as

text: a

text: potential

text: candidate

text: for

text: interaction

text: with

text: RNA


text: Thus, we could trace the deficit of the mutant cells to an inefficient NF-kappaB activation, evidencing a relevant role for NF-kappaB in the regulation of FasL expression in activated T cells.

text: Thus,

text: we

text: could

text: trace

text: the

text: deficit

text: of

text: the

text: mutant

text: cells

text: to

text: an

text: inefficient

text: NF-kappaB

text: activation,

text: evidencing

text: a

text: relevant

text: role

text: for

text: NF-kappaB

text: in

text: the

text: regulation

text: of

text: FasL

text: expression

text: in

text: activated

text: T

text: cells.


text: We previously reported that dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic glucocorticoid, causes apoptosis in mature Th cell lines, and that this induction of cell death is prevented by specific cytokines, namely, by IL-2 in Th1 cells and by IL-4 in Th2 cells.

text: We

text: previously

text: reported

text: that

text: dexamethasone

text: (DEX),

text: a

text: synthetic

text: glucocorticoid,

text: causes

text: apoptosis

text: in

text: mature

text: Th

text: cell

text: lines,

text: and

text: that

text: this

text: induction

text: of

text: cell

text: death

text: is

text: prevented

text: by

text: specific

text: cytokines,

text: namely,

text: by

text: in

text: cells

text: and

text: by

text: in

text: cells.


text: We propose that the activation of an NFAT kinase by PDTC could be responsible for the rapid shuttling of the NFAT , therefore transiently converting the sustained transactivation of this transcription factor that occurs during lymphocyte activation , and show that c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) can act by directly phosphorylating NFATp.

text: We

text: propose

text: that

text: the

text: activation

text: of

text: an

text: NFAT

text: kinase

text: by

text: PDTC

text: could

text: be

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: rapid

text: shuttling

text: of

text: the

text: NFAT

text: therefore

text: transiently

text: converting

text: the

text: sustained

text: transactivation

text: of

text: this

text: transcription

text: factor

text: that

text: occurs

text: during

text: lymphocyte

text: activation

text: and

text: show

text: that

text: c-Jun

text: kinase

text: (JNK)

text: can

text: act

text: by

text: directly

text: phosphorylating

text: NFATp.


text: Each empty cell indicates that the corresponding TPase query was not used at the particular stage of PSI-BLAST analysis .

text: Each

text: empty

text: cell

text: indicates

text: that

text: the

text: corresponding

text: TPase

text: query

text: was

text: not

text: used

text: at

text: the

text: particular

text: stage

text: of

text: PSI-BLAST

text: analysis


text: Perhaps murine thymocytes are denied this form of rescue because they shut off IL-2R beta chain expression at an earlier stage or because they may be uncommonly Bcl-2 deficient (cf.

text: Perhaps

text: murine

text: thymocytes

text: are

text: denied

text: this

text: form

text: of

text: rescue

text: because

text: they

text: shut

text: off

text: beta

text: chain

text: expression

text: at

text: an

text: earlier

text: stage

text: or

text: because

text: they

text: may

text: be

text: uncommonly

text: deficient

text: (cf.


text: Pretreatment of NK cells with the antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbarmate (PDTC) leads to the inhibition of NF-kappa B activation but the AP-1 binding to DNA was superinduced.

text: Pretreatment

text: of

text: NK

text: cells

text: with

text: the

text: antioxidant

text: pyrrolidine

text: dithiocarbarmate

text: (PDTC)

text: leads

text: to

text: the

text: inhibition

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: activation

text: but

text: the

text: binding

text: to

text: DNA

text: was

text: superinduced.


text: The role of PtdIns 3-kinase in Ras signaling in T cells has not been explored .

text: The

text: role

text: of

text: PtdIns

text: in

text: Ras

text: signaling

text: in

text: T

text: cells

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: explored


text: In addition, Fli-1 binding of the GPIX Ets site was identified in antibody supershift experiments in nuclear extracts derived from hematopoietic human erythroleukemia cells.

text: In

text: addition,

text: binding

text: of

text: the

text: GPIX

text: Ets

text: site

text: was

text: identified

text: in

text: antibody

text: supershift

text: experiments

text: in

text: nuclear

text: extracts

text: derived

text: from

text: hematopoietic

text: human

text: erythroleukemia

text: cells.


text: We have analysed the effect of mitogenic lectins on c-Fos and c-Jun protein levels as well as on activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding and enhancer activity in Jurkat T-cells.

text: We

text: have

text: analysed

text: the

text: effect

text: of

text: mitogenic

text: lectins

text: on

text: c-Fos

text: and

text: c-Jun

text: protein

text: levels

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: on

text: activator

text: binding

text: and

text: enhancer

text: activity

text: in

text: Jurkat

text: T-cells.


text: Based on the currently available sequence data, we also reconstructed portions of TPases that were missed in previous studies [17] (Materials and Methods; see Figure S2).

text: Based

text: on

text: the

text: currently

text: available

text: sequence

text: data,

text: we

text: also

text: reconstructed

text: portions

text: of

text: TPases

text: that

text: were

text: missed

text: in

text: previous

text: studies

text: (Materials

text: and

text: Methods;

text: see

text: Figure


text: These observations suggest that adherence results in increases of c-fos, c-jun, EGR2, and PDGF(B) mRNA .

text: These

text: observations

text: suggest

text: that

text: adherence

text: results

text: in

text: increases

text: of

text: c-fos,

text: c-jun,

text: and

text: PDGF(B)

text: mRNA


text: These results suggest the possible use of combinations between IFNs and retinoic acid in the cyto-differentiating treatment of APL patients .

text: These

text: results

text: suggest

text: the

text: possible

text: use

text: of

text: combinations

text: between

text: IFNs

text: and

text: retinoic

text: acid

text: in

text: the

text: cyto-differentiating

text: treatment

text: of

text: APL

text: patients


text: The induction of this promoter was confirmed in COS7 cells.

text: The

text: induction

text: of

text: this

text: promoter

text: was

text: confirmed

text: in

text: cells.


text: We identified a cell-type-specific differential response: CREB, CTF, OTF-1, OFT-2, and NF-kappa B genes were strongly induced 1 to 4 hours after influenza A virus infection in the monocytic cell line Mono Mac 6, while in freshly prepared human monocytes no significant changes were detected .

text: We

text: identified

text: a

text: cell-type-specific

text: differential

text: response:

text: CREB,

text: CTF,

text: and

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: genes

text: were

text: strongly

text: induced

text: to

text: hours

text: after

text: influenza

text: A

text: virus

text: infection

text: in

text: the

text: monocytic

text: cell

text: line

text: Mono

text: Mac

text: while

text: in

text: freshly

text: prepared

text: human

text: monocytes

text: no

text: significant

text: changes

text: were

text: detected


text: First, clonal analysis in Drosophila has suggested that dynamin-dependent endocytosis is required not only in signal-receiving cells but also in signal-sending cells to promote N activation [16].

text: First,

text: clonal

text: analysis

text: in

text: Drosophila

text: has

text: suggested

text: that

text: dynamin-dependent

text: endocytosis

text: is

text: required

text: not

text: only

text: in

text: signal-receiving

text: cells

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: signal-sending

text: cells

text: to

text: promote

text: N

text: activation


text: The effect of transmembrane signaling of T cells with ionomycin, and/or sn-1,2 dioctanoyl glycerol, was also determined.

text: The

text: effect

text: of

text: transmembrane

text: signaling

text: of

text: T

text: cells

text: with

text: ionomycin,

text: and/or

text: dioctanoyl

text: glycerol,

text: was

text: also

text: determined.


text: Positive regulators of the lineage-specific transcription factor GATA-1 in differentiating erythroid cells.

text: Positive

text: regulators

text: of

text: the

text: lineage-specific

text: transcription

text: factor

text: in

text: differentiating

text: erythroid

text: cells.


text: IL-2 production by CsA-treated cells is therefore dramatically reduced.

text: production

text: by

text: CsA-treated

text: cells

text: is

text: therefore

text: dramatically

text: reduced.


text: Figure 7 shows the aggregate results of this test, with the SCPD regulons divided into three groups based on SCOPE's accuracy on the true regulon.

text: Figure

text: shows

text: the

text: aggregate

text: results

text: of

text: this

text: test,

text: with

text: the

text: SCPD

text: regulons

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: groups

text: based

text: on

text: SCOPE's

text: accuracy

text: on

text: the

text: true

text: regulon.


text: In contrast to their inhibitory effects on cytokine expression, GCS up-regulate cytokine receptor expression that correlates with enhanced cytokine effects on target cells.

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: their

text: inhibitory

text: effects

text: on

text: cytokine

text: expression,

text: GCS

text: up-regulate

text: cytokine

text: receptor

text: expression

text: that

text: correlates

text: with

text: enhanced

text: cytokine

text: effects

text: on

text: target

text: cells.


text: Both induction of monocyte binding and mRNA levels for M-CSF by MM-LDL were not inhibited in protein kinase C-depleted endothelial cells .

text: Both

text: induction

text: of

text: monocyte

text: binding

text: and

text: mRNA

text: levels

text: for

text: M-CSF

text: by

text: MM-LDL

text: were

text: not

text: inhibited

text: in

text: protein

text: kinase

text: C-depleted

text: endothelial

text: cells


text: The IL-2 gene displays both T cell specific and inducible expression: it is only expressed in CD4+ T cells after antigenic or mitogenic stimulation.

text: The

text: gene

text: displays

text: both

text: T

text: cell

text: specific

text: and

text: inducible

text: expression:

text: it

text: is

text: only

text: expressed

text: in

text: T

text: cells

text: after

text: antigenic

text: or

text: mitogenic

text: stimulation.


text: The three regions concerned are: 1) a region between -73 and -36, which is the minimal element inducible by LPS or TNF-alpha; 2) an element located between -181 and -73, which appeared to regulate the response to IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha negatively ; and 3) a distal element upstream of -224, which was inducible by IFN-gamma alone.

text: The

text: three

text: regions

text: concerned

text: are:

text: a

text: region

text: between

text: and

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: minimal

text: element

text: inducible

text: by

text: LPS

text: or

text: TNF-alpha;

text: an

text: element

text: located

text: between

text: and

text: which

text: appeared

text: to

text: regulate

text: the

text: response

text: to

text: IFN-gamma

text: and

text: TNF-alpha

text: negatively

text: and

text: a

text: distal

text: element

text: upstream

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: inducible

text: by

text: IFN-gamma

text: alone.


text: The J delta 1 segment was correctly spliced to C delta; in addition the four C delta exons were found to be already assembled.

text: The

text: J

text: delta

text: segment

text: was

text: correctly

text: spliced

text: to

text: C

text: delta;

text: in

text: addition

text: the

text: four

text: C

text: delta

text: exons

text: were

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: already

text: assembled.


text: When activated, glucocorticoid receptors form a dimer and bind to DNA after migration into the nucleus.

text: When

text: activated,

text: glucocorticoid

text: receptors

text: form

text: a

text: dimer

text: and

text: bind

text: to

text: DNA

text: after

text: migration

text: into

text: the

text: nucleus.


text: Phorbol esters are required to induce AIM/CD69 cell-surface expression as well as for triggering the proliferation of T cells in conjunction with anti-AIM mAb.

text: Phorbol

text: esters

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: induce

text: cell-surface

text: expression

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: for

text: triggering

text: the

text: proliferation

text: of

text: T

text: cells

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: anti-AIM

text: mAb.


text: Authentic NFAT and NF-kappaB targets did not compete for the META(D+) binding factor(s) .

text: Authentic

text: NFAT

text: and

text: NF-kappaB

text: targets

text: did

text: not

text: compete

text: for

text: the

text: META(D+)

text: binding

text: factor(s)


text: These cells, stimulated by an agonistic monoclonal antibody against CD40 or by transfection with a CD40L expression vector, secreted p40 and showed enhanced p40 mRNA expression.

text: These

text: cells,

text: stimulated

text: by

text: an

text: agonistic

text: monoclonal

text: antibody

text: against

text: or

text: by

text: transfection

text: with

text: a

text: expression

text: vector,

text: secreted

text: and

text: showed

text: enhanced

text: mRNA

text: expression.


text: Red circle: an organism with pyrrolysine, blue; selenocysteine, yellow; both pyrrolysine and selenocysteine, white; neither pyrrolysine nor selenocysteine .

text: Red

text: circle:

text: an

text: organism

text: with

text: pyrrolysine,

text: blue;

text: selenocysteine,

text: yellow;

text: both

text: pyrrolysine

text: and

text: selenocysteine,

text: white;

text: neither

text: pyrrolysine

text: nor

text: selenocysteine


text: Nuclear expression of NF-kappa B occurs after its induced dissociation from its cytoplasmic inhibitor I kappa B alpha.

text: Nuclear

text: expression

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: occurs

text: after

text: its

text: induced

text: dissociation

text: from

text: its

text: cytoplasmic

text: inhibitor

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: alpha.


text: In summary, our results provide compelling evidence that NF-kappaB protects against Fas-mediated death and is likely to be an important regulator of T cell homeostasis and tolerance .

text: In

text: summary,

text: our

text: results

text: provide

text: compelling

text: evidence

text: that

text: NF-kappaB

text: protects

text: against

text: Fas-mediated

text: death

text: and

text: is

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: important

text: regulator

text: of

text: T

text: cell

text: homeostasis

text: and

text: tolerance


text: Hydroxyurea (HU) is an antitumor agent which also induces hemoglobinization during erythroid differentiation.

text: Hydroxyurea

text: (HU)

text: is

text: an

text: antitumor

text: agent

text: which

text: also

text: induces

text: hemoglobinization

text: during

text: erythroid

text: differentiation.


text: Extracellular generation of NO (NO donor) did not effect the hyperadhesion response induced by the initial A/R challenge .

text: Extracellular

text: generation

text: of

text: NO

text: (NO

text: donor)

text: did

text: not

text: effect

text: the

text: hyperadhesion

text: response

text: induced

text: by

text: the

text: initial

text: A/R

text: challenge


text: Later, the expression of the BSAP gene shifts to the fetal liver where it correlates with the onset of B lymphopoiesis.

text: Later,

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: BSAP

text: gene

text: shifts

text: to

text: the

text: fetal

text: liver

text: where

text: it

text: correlates

text: with

text: the

text: onset

text: of

text: B

text: lymphopoiesis.


text: It can be deduced that the erythroid ALAS precursor protein has a molecular weight of 64.6 kd, and is similar in size to the previously isolated human housekeeping ALAS precursor of molecular weight 70.6 kd .

text: It

text: can

text: be

text: deduced

text: that

text: the

text: erythroid

text: ALAS

text: precursor

text: protein

text: has

text: a

text: molecular

text: weight

text: of

text: kd,

text: and

text: is

text: similar

text: in

text: size

text: to

text: the

text: previously

text: isolated

text: human

text: housekeeping

text: ALAS

text: precursor

text: of

text: molecular

text: weight

text: kd


text: Induction of cytokine expression in leukocytes by binding of thrombin-stimulated platelets.

text: Induction

text: of

text: cytokine

text: expression

text: in

text: leukocytes

text: by

text: binding

text: of

text: thrombin-stimulated

text: platelets.


text: Viruses containing the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early enhancer exhibited infectious kinetics similar to that of wild-type HIV in activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes and AA2 cells but replicated less efficiently in H9 and CEM cells.

text: Viruses

text: containing

text: the

text: human

text: cytomegalovirus

text: immediate-early

text: enhancer

text: exhibited

text: infectious

text: kinetics

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: wild-type

text: HIV

text: in

text: activated

text: human

text: peripheral

text: blood

text: lymphocytes

text: and

text: cells

text: but

text: replicated

text: less

text: efficiently

text: in

text: and

text: CEM

text: cells.


text: Moreover, replacement of the DQB X2-box with the DRA X2-box markedly diminished the activity of the DQB promoter in the mutant cell.

text: Moreover,

text: replacement

text: of

text: the

text: DQB

text: with

text: the

text: DRA

text: markedly

text: diminished

text: the

text: activity

text: of

text: the

text: DQB

text: promoter

text: in

text: the

text: mutant

text: cell.


text: Regulation of interferon-gamma gene expression.

text: Regulation

text: of

text: interferon-gamma

text: gene

text: expression.


text: Antiserum specific for NF-kappa B binding proteins, but not c-rel-specific antiserum , disrupted heterodimer complex formation.

text: Antiserum

text: specific

text: for

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: binding

text: proteins,

text: but

text: not

text: c-rel-specific

text: antiserum

text: disrupted

text: heterodimer

text: complex

text: formation.


text: The base exchange at -509 (from the transcription initiation site) in the TGF-beta promoter also linked to elevated total IgE (p

text: The

text: base

text: exchange

text: at

text: (from

text: the

text: transcription

text: initiation

text: site)

text: in

text: the

text: TGF-beta

text: promoter

text: also

text: linked

text: to

text: elevated

text: total

text: IgE

text: (p


text: Interactions determined by high-throughput methods are generally considered to be less reliable than those obtained by low-throughput studies 1314 and as a consequence efforts are also underway to extract evidence for interactions from the literature 151617.

text: Interactions

text: determined

text: by

text: high-throughput

text: methods

text: are

text: generally

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: less

text: reliable

text: than

text: those

text: obtained

text: by

text: low-throughput

text: studies

text: and

text: as

text: a

text: consequence

text: efforts

text: are

text: also

text: underway

text: to

text: extract

text: evidence

text: for

text: interactions

text: from

text: the

text: literature


text: We have tried two different insertions of the Dot-Gal4 construct.

text: We

text: have

text: tried

text: two

text: different

text: insertions

text: of

text: the

text: construct.


text: The two proteins interact with one another through their putative helix-loop-helix motifs and each possesses a distinct domain that dictates transcription activation.

text: The

text: two

text: proteins

text: interact

text: with

text: one

text: another

text: through

text: their

text: putative

text: helix-loop-helix

text: motifs

text: and

text: each

text: possesses

text: a

text: distinct

text: domain

text: that

text: dictates

text: transcription

text: activation.


text: Thus, defective IL-2 gene transcription appears to be due, at least in part, to a selective block in the expression of the AP-1 Fos and Jun family members in anergic T cells .

text: Thus,

text: defective

text: gene

text: transcription

text: appears

text: to

text: be

text: due,

text: at

text: least

text: in

text: part,

text: to

text: a

text: selective

text: block

text: in

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: Fos

text: and

text: Jun

text: family

text: members

text: in

text: anergic

text: T

text: cells


text: Both p105 and p98 were found to form stable complexes with other Rel/NF-kappa B family members, including p65 and c-Rel.

text: Both

text: and

text: were

text: found

text: to

text: form

text: stable

text: complexes

text: with

text: other

text: Rel/NF-kappa

text: B

text: family

text: members,

text: including

text: and

text: c-Rel.


text: Furthermore, the physical interaction of Tax with p100 leads to the inhibition of Tax-induced activation of the HTLV-I and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeats, reflecting p100-mediated cytoplasmic sequestration of the normally nuclearly expressed Tax protein.

text: Furthermore,

text: the

text: physical

text: interaction

text: of

text: Tax

text: with

text: leads

text: to

text: the

text: inhibition

text: of

text: Tax-induced

text: activation

text: of

text: the

text: HTLV-I

text: and

text: human

text: immunodeficiency

text: virus

text: type

text: long

text: terminal

text: repeats,

text: reflecting

text: cytoplasmic

text: sequestration

text: of

text: the

text: normally

text: nuclearly

text: expressed

text: Tax

text: protein.


text: The sea urchin and lancelet proteins are marked by “_SP” and “_BF” following the identification numbers of the corresponding contigs.

text: The

text: sea

text: urchin

text: and

text: lancelet

text: proteins

text: are

text: marked

text: by

text: and

text: following

text: the

text: identification

text: numbers

text: of

text: the

text: corresponding

text: contigs.


text: The results showed that the activity of plasma IL-1 in aged long-distance runner was 209 %, 223 % and 145 % of the control at 14.7-18.7, 3.8-7.0 and 1.5-2.6 KD fractions.

text: The

text: results

text: showed

text: that

text: the

text: activity

text: of

text: plasma

text: in

text: aged

text: long-distance

text: runner

text: was

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: control

text: at

text: and

text: KD

text: fractions.


text: Based on the high specificity of this compound for PKC, we conclude that PKC is necessary for FN-induced IL-1beta protein production.

text: Based

text: on

text: the

text: high

text: specificity

text: of

text: this

text: compound

text: for

text: PKC,

text: we

text: conclude

text: that

text: PKC

text: is

text: necessary

text: for

text: FN-induced

text: protein

text: production.


text: Confirmation of the unique significance of zinc for immune function provides a better understanding of the mechanisms of specific zinc-mediated immune modulation.

text: Confirmation

text: of

text: the

text: unique

text: significance

text: of

text: zinc

text: for

text: immune

text: function

text: provides

text: a

text: better

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: mechanisms

text: of

text: specific

text: zinc-mediated

text: immune

text: modulation.


text: Furthermore, the phosphorylation status of TRAF2 had significant effects on the ability of the protein to bind to CD40, as evidenced by our observations that the CD40 cytoplasmic domain interacted preferentially with underphosphorylated TRAF2 and that phosphatase treatment significantly enhanced the binding of TRAF2 to CD40.

text: Furthermore,

text: the

text: phosphorylation

text: status

text: of

text: had

text: significant

text: effects

text: on

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: the

text: protein

text: to

text: bind

text: to

text: as

text: evidenced

text: by

text: our

text: observations

text: that

text: the

text: cytoplasmic

text: domain

text: interacted

text: preferentially

text: with

text: underphosphorylated

text: and

text: that

text: phosphatase

text: treatment

text: significantly

text: enhanced

text: the

text: binding

text: of

text: to


text: As detailed in Methods, the prior odds ratio for human protein interaction was explored by considering different versions and subsets of human interaction datasets.

text: As

text: detailed

text: in

text: Methods,

text: the

text: prior

text: odds

text: ratio

text: for

text: human

text: protein

text: interaction

text: was

text: explored

text: by

text: considering

text: different

text: versions

text: and

text: subsets

text: of

text: human

text: interaction

text: datasets.


text: Kinetics of nuclear translocation and turnover of the vitamin D receptor in human HL60 leukemia cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes-- coincident rise of DNA-relaxing activity in nuclear extracts.

text: Kinetics

text: of

text: nuclear

text: translocation

text: and

text: turnover

text: of

text: the

text: vitamin

text: D

text: receptor

text: in

text: human

text: leukemia

text: cells

text: and

text: peripheral

text: blood

text: lymphocytes--

text: coincident

text: rise

text: of

text: DNA-relaxing

text: activity

text: in

text: nuclear

text: extracts.


text: Molecular dissection of the B-cell-specific transcription coactivator OCA-B has revealed distinct regions important, respectively, for recruitment to immunoglobulin promoters through interaction with octamer-bound Oct-1 and for subsequent coactivator function.

text: Molecular

text: dissection

text: of

text: the

text: B-cell-specific

text: transcription

text: coactivator

text: OCA-B

text: has

text: revealed

text: distinct

text: regions

text: important,

text: respectively,

text: for

text: recruitment

text: to

text: immunoglobulin

text: promoters

text: through

text: interaction

text: with

text: octamer-bound

text: and

text: for

text: subsequent

text: coactivator

text: function.


text: Epithelial cell-initiated inflammation plays a crucial role in early tissue damage in amebic infection of human intestine.

text: Epithelial

text: cell-initiated

text: inflammation

text: plays

text: a

text: crucial

text: role

text: in

text: early

text: tissue

text: damage

text: in

text: amebic

text: infection

text: of

text: human

text: intestine.


text: We investigated the number and morphology of hemocytes (blood cells) in the hemolymph of the adgf-a late third-instar larvae (Figures 3 and 4).

text: We

text: investigated

text: the

text: number

text: and

text: morphology

text: of

text: hemocytes

text: (blood

text: cells)

text: in

text: the

text: hemolymph

text: of

text: the

text: adgf-a

text: late

text: third-instar

text: larvae

text: (Figures

text: and


text: PMA and TNF alpha induced activation of (NF)-kappa B in human Jurkat T-cells was partially inhibited by ADT (0.1 mM) pretreatment.

text: PMA

text: and

text: TNF

text: alpha

text: induced

text: activation

text: of

text: (NF)-kappa

text: B

text: in

text: human

text: Jurkat

text: T-cells

text: was

text: partially

text: inhibited

text: by

text: ADT

text: mM)

text: pretreatment.


text: This effect required surface expression of the CD45 PTPase and was not observed in CD45-deficient variants of Jurkat cells .

text: This

text: effect

text: required

text: surface

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: PTPase

text: and

text: was

text: not

text: observed

text: in

text: variants

text: of

text: Jurkat

text: cells


text: In addition, the Ets-NF-kappaB/NFAT interaction requires the presence of DNA binding sites for both proteins, as it is abolished by the DNA intercalating agents propidium iodide and ethidium bromide and enhanced by the presence of synthetic oligonucleotides containing binding sites for Ets and NF-kappaB proteins.

text: In

text: addition,

text: the

text: Ets-NF-kappaB/NFAT

text: interaction

text: requires

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: DNA

text: binding

text: sites

text: for

text: both

text: proteins,

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: abolished

text: by

text: the

text: DNA

text: intercalating

text: agents

text: propidium

text: iodide

text: and

text: ethidium

text: bromide

text: and

text: enhanced

text: by

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: synthetic

text: oligonucleotides

text: containing

text: binding

text: sites

text: for

text: Ets

text: and

text: NF-kappaB

text: proteins.


text: The HAT domain of MOF is responsible for histone H4 acetylation, both in vivo and in vitro, as shown by Smith et al. [3].

text: The

text: HAT

text: domain

text: of

text: MOF

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: histone

text: acetylation,

text: both

text: in

text: vivo

text: and

text: in

text: vitro,

text: as

text: shown

text: by

text: Smith

text: et

text: al.


text: Analysis of the p50 and p65 subunits of the NF-kappa B transcription factor complex has revealed that both proteins can interact with related DNA sequences through either homo- or heterodimer formation.

text: Analysis

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: subunits

text: of

text: the

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: transcription

text: factor

text: complex

text: has

text: revealed

text: that

text: both

text: proteins

text: can

text: interact

text: with

text: related

text: DNA

text: sequences

text: through

text: either

text: homo-

text: or

text: heterodimer

text: formation.


text: Cyclosporin A interferes with the inducible degradation of NF-kappa B inhibitors, but not with the processing of p105/NF-kappa B1 in T cells .

text: Cyclosporin

text: A

text: interferes

text: with

text: the

text: inducible

text: degradation

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: inhibitors,

text: but

text: not

text: with

text: the

text: processing

text: of

text: in

text: T

text: cells


text: Mice deficient for the 55 kd tumor necrosis factor receptor are resistant to endotoxic shock, yet succumb to L. monocytogenes infection.

text: Mice

text: deficient

text: for

text: the

text: kd

text: tumor

text: necrosis

text: factor

text: receptor

text: are

text: resistant

text: to

text: endotoxic

text: shock,

text: yet

text: succumb

text: to

text: L.

text: monocytogenes

text: infection.


text: We note that all the motif finders tested, including SCOPE, performed poorly on the Drosophila dataset.

text: We

text: note

text: that

text: all

text: the

text: motif

text: finders

text: tested,

text: including

text: SCOPE,

text: performed

text: poorly

text: on

text: the

text: Drosophila

text: dataset.


text: Human IL-5 promoter/enhancer-luciferase gene construct transfected to T-cell clones was transcribed on either TCR or IL-2R stimulation and was clearly downregulated by dexamethasone, indicating that the approximately 500-bp human IL-5 gene segment located 5' upstream of the coding region contains activation-inducible enhancer elements responsible for the regulation by GC .

text: Human

text: promoter/enhancer-luciferase

text: gene

text: construct

text: transfected

text: to

text: T-cell

text: clones

text: was

text: transcribed

text: on

text: either

text: TCR

text: or

text: stimulation

text: and

text: was

text: clearly

text: downregulated

text: by

text: dexamethasone,

text: indicating

text: that

text: the

text: approximately

text: human

text: gene

text: segment

text: located

text: upstream

text: of

text: the

text: coding

text: region

text: contains

text: activation-inducible

text: enhancer

text: elements

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: regulation

text: by

text: GC


text: In conclusion, we demonstrate that the vitamin E derivative TCP succinate prevents monocytic cell adhesion to cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells by inhibiting the activation of NF-kappa B, further emphasizing the antiatherosclerotic potential of lipid soluble antioxidants.

text: In

text: conclusion,

text: we

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: the

text: vitamin

text: E

text: derivative

text: TCP

text: succinate

text: prevents

text: monocytic

text: cell

text: adhesion

text: to

text: cytokine-stimulated

text: endothelial

text: cells

text: by

text: inhibiting

text: the

text: activation

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B,

text: further

text: emphasizing

text: the

text: antiatherosclerotic

text: potential

text: of

text: lipid

text: soluble

text: antioxidants.


text: Antigen recognition stimulates limited proliferation, whereas infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) results in continual proliferation and the outgrowth of immortal cell lines.

text: Antigen

text: recognition

text: stimulates

text: limited

text: proliferation,

text: whereas

text: infection

text: with

text: Epstein-Barr

text: virus

text: (EBV)

text: results

text: in

text: continual

text: proliferation

text: and

text: the

text: outgrowth

text: of

text: immortal

text: cell

text: lines.


text: Finally, we conclude that this effect of CIITA is cell-type specific, since expression of CIITA is not required for normal occupation of MHC class II promoters in B lymphocytes .

text: Finally,

text: we

text: conclude

text: that

text: this

text: effect

text: of

text: CIITA

text: is

text: cell-type

text: specific,

text: since

text: expression

text: of

text: CIITA

text: is

text: not

text: required

text: for

text: normal

text: occupation

text: of

text: MHC

text: class

text: II

text: promoters

text: in

text: B

text: lymphocytes


text: To test whether the function of ADGF-A in vivo is also dependent on its catalytic activity , we produced two versions of the UAS-ADGF-A construct [18]: one carrying wild-type cDNA of ADGF-A and one carrying an ADGF-A cDNA with a mutation causing a substitution of two amino acids (H386G and A387E) in the catalytic domain [16].

text: To

text: test

text: whether

text: the

text: function

text: of

text: ADGF-A

text: in

text: vivo

text: is

text: also

text: dependent

text: on

text: its

text: catalytic

text: activity

text: we

text: produced

text: two

text: versions

text: of

text: the

text: UAS-ADGF-A

text: construct

text: one

text: carrying

text: wild-type

text: cDNA

text: of

text: ADGF-A

text: and

text: one

text: carrying

text: an

text: ADGF-A

text: cDNA

text: with

text: a

text: mutation

text: causing

text: a

text: substitution

text: of

text: two

text: amino

text: acids

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: catalytic

text: domain


text: In a wide range of cell types, the basal transcriptional activity of the LTR from SIVsmmPBj14 was found to be 2- to 4.5-fold higher than that of an LTR from a non-acutely pathogenic strain.

text: In

text: a

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: cell

text: types,

text: the

text: basal

text: transcriptional

text: activity

text: of

text: the

text: LTR

text: from

text: was

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: to

text: higher

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: an

text: LTR

text: from

text: a

text: non-acutely

text: pathogenic

text: strain.


text: Furthermore, we found that cytoplasmic acidification facilitated NF-kappa B activation by both TNF alpha and PKC, by a mechanism that increases NF-kappa B/I kappa B dissociation without affecting the NF-kappa B translocation step .

text: Furthermore,

text: we

text: found

text: that

text: cytoplasmic

text: acidification

text: facilitated

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: activation

text: by

text: both

text: TNF

text: alpha

text: and

text: PKC,

text: by

text: a

text: mechanism

text: that

text: increases

text: NF-kappa

text: B/I

text: kappa

text: B

text: dissociation

text: without

text: affecting

text: the

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: translocation

text: step


text: neur1F65 mutant clones were generated as previously described [22].

text: mutant

text: clones

text: were

text: generated

text: as

text: previously

text: described


text: The number of crystal cells was not increased and lamellocytes were not detected in crq, adgf-a double mutants (see Figure 3).

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: crystal

text: cells

text: was

text: not

text: increased

text: and

text: lamellocytes

text: were

text: not

text: detected

text: in

text: crq,

text: adgf-a

text: double

text: mutants

text: (see

text: Figure


text: The mechanism of action of DM on IL-2R alpha transcription was examined by determining the mRNA levels of the p50 subunit of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), a transcription factor that stimulates IL-2R alpha gene expression.

text: The

text: mechanism

text: of

text: action

text: of

text: DM

text: on

text: alpha

text: transcription

text: was

text: examined

text: by

text: determining

text: the

text: mRNA

text: levels

text: of

text: the

text: subunit

text: of

text: nuclear

text: factor

text: kappa

text: B

text: (NF-kappa

text: B),

text: a

text: transcription

text: factor

text: that

text: stimulates

text: alpha

text: gene

text: expression.


text: (A–A??) and (D–D??) show apical sections and (B–B??) and (E–E??) show basal sections.

text: (A–A??)

text: and

text: (D–D??)

text: show

text: apical

text: sections

text: and

text: (B–B??)

text: and

text: (E–E??)

text: show

text: basal

text: sections.


text: The Transib superfamily is one of ten superfamilies of DNA transposons detected so far in eukaryotes [17].

text: The

text: Transib

text: superfamily

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: ten

text: superfamilies

text: of

text: DNA

text: transposons

text: detected

text: so

text: far

text: in

text: eukaryotes


text: B lymphocyte stimulation via both CD40 and surface Ig (sIg) receptors substantially induced fra-1 expression, and for both receptors, induction was protein kinase C (PKC) dependent.

text: B

text: lymphocyte

text: stimulation

text: via

text: both

text: and

text: surface

text: Ig

text: (sIg)

text: receptors

text: substantially

text: induced

text: expression,

text: and

text: for

text: both

text: receptors,

text: induction

text: was

text: protein

text: kinase

text: C

text: (PKC)

text: dependent.


text: Southwestern blotting and UV cross-linking studies confirmed that the BAT box binding proteins were Oct-1 and Oct-2.

text: Southwestern

text: blotting

text: and

text: UV

text: cross-linking

text: studies

text: confirmed

text: that

text: the

text: BAT

text: box

text: binding

text: proteins

text: were

text: and


text: No significant differences between EBNA-2-positive and EBNA-2-negative nuclear extracts could be seen in the gel retardation assay under conditions that clearly showed binding of EBNA-2A to the TP1 promoter.

text: No

text: significant

text: differences

text: between

text: and

text: nuclear

text: extracts

text: could

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: the

text: gel

text: retardation

text: assay

text: under

text: conditions

text: that

text: clearly

text: showed

text: binding

text: of

text: to

text: the

text: promoter.


text: High levels of Sp140 mRNA were detected in human spleen and peripheral blood leukocytes, but not other human tissues .

text: High

text: levels

text: of

text: mRNA

text: were

text: detected

text: in

text: human

text: spleen

text: and

text: peripheral

text: blood

text: leukocytes,

text: but

text: not

text: other

text: human

text: tissues


text: We show here that helenalin, and, to a much lesser degree, 11alpha,13-dihydrohelenalin and chamissonolid, inhibit activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB.

text: We

text: show

text: here

text: that

text: helenalin,

text: and,

text: to

text: a

text: much

text: lesser

text: degree,

text: and

text: chamissonolid,

text: inhibit

text: activation

text: of

text: transcription

text: factor

text: NF-kappaB.


text: Northern (RNA) blots of various adult mouse tissues revealed that the levels of expression of both genes were most prominent in the thymus.

text: Northern

text: (RNA)

text: blots

text: of

text: various

text: adult

text: mouse

text: tissues

text: revealed

text: that

text: the

text: levels

text: of

text: expression

text: of

text: both

text: genes

text: were

text: most

text: prominent

text: in

text: the

text: thymus.


text: Abstract

text: Abstract


text: These included both p50/p50 and p50/p65 dimers, recognized by specific antibodies in EMSA.

text: These

text: included

text: both

text: and

text: dimers,

text: recognized

text: by

text: specific

text: antibodies

text: in

text: EMSA.


text: Interestingly, the DEX-mediated IkappaBalpha induction was completely inhibited by IL-2, but not IL-4 , in Th1 cells, while the reverse profile was seen in Th2 cells.

text: Interestingly,

text: the

text: DEX-mediated

text: IkappaBalpha

text: induction

text: was

text: completely

text: inhibited

text: by

text: but

text: not

text: in

text: cells,

text: while

text: the

text: reverse

text: profile

text: was

text: seen

text: in

text: cells.


text: These may partly account for the differential effects of B7 and LFA-3 costimulation on IL-2 expression .

text: These

text: may

text: partly

text: account

text: for

text: the

text: differential

text: effects

text: of

text: and

text: costimulation

text: on

text: expression


text: Switching the cells to the nonpermissive temperature led to a marked increase in globin gene expression and concomitant decrease in expression of Spi-1, Fli-1, and megakaryocytic genes in an erythropoietin-dependent manner.

text: Switching

text: the

text: cells

text: to

text: the

text: nonpermissive

text: temperature

text: led

text: to

text: a

text: marked

text: increase

text: in

text: globin

text: gene

text: expression

text: and

text: concomitant

text: decrease

text: in

text: expression

text: of

text: and

text: megakaryocytic

text: genes

text: in

text: an

text: erythropoietin-dependent

text: manner.


text: The dotted line indicates significance level 0.05 after a correction for multiple testing.

text: The

text: dotted

text: line

text: indicates

text: significance

text: level

text: after

text: a

text: correction

text: for

text: multiple

text: testing.


text: In sum, DM regulates T cell membrane expression of IL-2R by more than one molecular mechanism.

text: In

text: sum,

text: DM

text: regulates

text: T

text: cell

text: membrane

text: expression

text: of

text: by

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: molecular

text: mechanism.


text: We questioned whether or not IL-10 and IL-4 affected the expression of transcription factors that are known to be involved in the control of the IL-6 transcription rate, namely activator protein-1 (AP-1), nuclear factor IL-6 (NF-IL6), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) .

text: We

text: questioned

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: and

text: affected

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: transcription

text: factors

text: that

text: are

text: known

text: to

text: be

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: transcription

text: rate,

text: namely

text: activator

text: nuclear

text: factor

text: and

text: nuclear

text: factor

text: kappa

text: B

text: (NF-kappaB)


text: The gammac chain is a subunit of multiple cytokine receptors (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15), the expression of which is restricted to hematopoietic lineages.

text: The

text: gammac

text: chain

text: is

text: a

text: subunit

text: of

text: multiple

text: cytokine

text: receptors

text: (interleukin

text: and

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: restricted

text: to

text: hematopoietic

text: lineages.


text: Characterization of Grb2-binding proteins in human platelets activated by Fc gamma RIIA cross-linking.

text: Characterization

text: of

text: proteins

text: in

text: human

text: platelets

text: activated

text: by

text: Fc

text: gamma

text: RIIA

text: cross-linking.


text: The finding that dexamethasone has no effect on TPA-induced activation of PKC suggests that this glucocorticoid inhibits signals downstream or parallel to this enzyme .

text: The

text: finding

text: that

text: dexamethasone

text: has

text: no

text: effect

text: on

text: TPA-induced

text: activation

text: of

text: PKC

text: suggests

text: that

text: this

text: glucocorticoid

text: inhibits

text: signals

text: downstream

text: or

text: parallel

text: to

text: this

text: enzyme


text: These results suggest that Oct-2 participates in transcriptional regulation during T-cell activation .

text: These

text: results

text: suggest

text: that

text: participates

text: in

text: transcriptional

text: regulation

text: during

text: T-cell

text: activation


text: Human C/EBP epsilon is a newly cloned gene coding for a CCAAT/enhancer binding protein that may be involved in the regulation of myeloid differentiation .

text: Human

text: C/EBP

text: epsilon

text: is

text: a

text: newly

text: cloned

text: gene

text: coding

text: for

text: a

text: CCAAT/enhancer

text: binding

text: protein

text: that

text: may

text: be

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: regulation

text: of

text: myeloid

text: differentiation


text: NFAT1 possesses two transactivation domains whose sequences are not conserved in the other NFAT-family proteins , and a conserved DNA-binding domain that mediates the recruitment of cooperating nuclear transcription factors even when it is expressed in the absence of other regions of the protein .

text: possesses

text: two

text: transactivation

text: domains

text: whose

text: sequences

text: are

text: not

text: conserved

text: in

text: the

text: other

text: NFAT-family

text: proteins

text: and

text: a

text: conserved

text: DNA-binding

text: domain

text: that

text: mediates

text: the

text: recruitment

text: of

text: cooperating

text: nuclear

text: transcription

text: factors

text: even

text: when

text: it

text: is

text: expressed

text: in

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: other

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: protein


text: Cells were stimulated with endotoxin (LPS, 100 ng/mL) with and without human IL-10 (10 ng/mL) .

text: Cells

text: were

text: stimulated

text: with

text: endotoxin

text: (LPS,

text: ng/mL)

text: with

text: and

text: without

text: human

text: ng/mL)


text: However, inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide anytime during the first 18 h of steroid treatment was as effective in blocking chromatin fragmentation as inhibition for the entire period, suggesting that synthesis of a component with a rapid turnover rate is required .

text: However,

text: inhibition

text: of

text: protein

text: synthesis

text: with

text: cycloheximide

text: anytime

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: h

text: of

text: steroid

text: treatment

text: was

text: as

text: effective

text: in

text: blocking

text: chromatin

text: fragmentation

text: as

text: inhibition

text: for

text: the

text: entire

text: period,

text: suggesting

text: that

text: synthesis

text: of

text: a

text: component

text: with

text: a

text: rapid

text: turnover

text: rate

text: is

text: required


text: This topology feature greatly enhanced the predictions and together with the full-Bayes combined features, made the largest contribution to the predictions.

text: This

text: topology

text: feature

text: greatly

text: enhanced

text: the

text: predictions

text: and

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: full-Bayes

text: combined

text: features,

text: made

text: the

text: largest

text: contribution

text: to

text: the

text: predictions.


text: Addition of KCl resulted in less DNA binding either due to blockage of DNA-receptor complex formation or disruption of the complexes .

text: Addition

text: of

text: KCl

text: resulted

text: in

text: less

text: DNA

text: binding

text: either

text: due

text: to

text: blockage

text: of

text: DNA-receptor

text: complex

text: formation

text: or

text: disruption

text: of

text: the

text: complexes


text: In addition, X-ray activation of HIV-1 LTR in transiently or stably transfected cell lines is inhibited by a potent antioxidant drug, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and by another drug, known for its role in the trapping of growth factors, suramin.

text: In

text: addition,

text: X-ray

text: activation

text: of

text: LTR

text: in

text: transiently

text: or

text: stably

text: transfected

text: cell

text: lines

text: is

text: inhibited

text: by

text: a

text: potent

text: antioxidant

text: drug,

text: pyrrolidine

text: dithiocarbamate

text: and

text: by

text: another

text: drug,

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: trapping

text: of

text: growth

text: factors,

text: suramin.


text: These GATA/ER chimeric factors were shown to be hormone-inducible trans-activating proteins in transient transfection assays.

text: These

text: GATA/ER

text: chimeric

text: factors

text: were

text: shown

text: to

text: be

text: hormone-inducible

text: trans-activating

text: proteins

text: in

text: transient

text: transfection

text: assays.


text: The phenotypic differences observed were attributable, in large part, to changes affecting the viral LTR.

text: The

text: phenotypic

text: differences

text: observed

text: were

text: attributable,

text: in

text: large

text: part,

text: to

text: changes

text: affecting

text: the

text: viral

text: LTR.


text: Induction of immediate early response genes by macrophage colony-stimulating factor in normal human monocytes.

text: Induction

text: of

text: immediate

text: early

text: response

text: genes

text: by

text: macrophage

text: colony-stimulating

text: factor

text: in

text: normal

text: human

text: monocytes.


text: Basic ideas of the prediction method.

text: Basic

text: ideas

text: of

text: the

text: prediction

text: method.


text: Anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and anti-P-selectin antibodies (monoclonal antibodies [mAbs]) attenuated phase-1 neutrophil adhesion, consistent with roles for constitutively expressed ICAM-1 and enhanced surface expression of preformed P-selectin.

text: Anti-intercellular

text: adhesion

text: and

text: anti-P-selectin

text: antibodies

text: (monoclonal

text: antibodies

text: [mAbs])

text: attenuated

text: neutrophil

text: adhesion,

text: consistent

text: with

text: roles

text: for

text: constitutively

text: expressed

text: and

text: enhanced

text: surface

text: expression

text: of

text: preformed

text: P-selectin.


text: In vivo occupancy of this site is observed only in the H9 T-cell line.

text: In

text: vivo

text: occupancy

text: of

text: this

text: site

text: is

text: observed

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: T-cell

text: line.


text: Genetic variation in cytokine promoter regions is postulated to influence susceptibility to infection, but the molecular mechanisms by which such polymorphisms might affect gene regulation are unknown .

text: Genetic

text: variation

text: in

text: cytokine

text: promoter

text: regions

text: is

text: postulated

text: to

text: influence

text: susceptibility

text: to

text: infection,

text: but

text: the

text: molecular

text: mechanisms

text: by

text: which

text: such

text: polymorphisms

text: might

text: affect

text: gene

text: regulation

text: are

text: unknown


text: Nuclear factor kappa B activates proenkephalin transcription in T lymphocytes.

text: Nuclear

text: factor

text: kappa

text: B

text: activates

text: proenkephalin

text: transcription

text: in

text: T

text: lymphocytes.


text: Lastly, we demonstrate a selective inhibition of p24 production by HIV-infected human macrophages when treated with AO to PKC-zeta.

text: Lastly,

text: we

text: demonstrate

text: a

text: selective

text: inhibition

text: of

text: production

text: by

text: HIV-infected

text: human

text: macrophages

text: when

text: treated

text: with

text: AO

text: to

text: PKC-zeta.


text: The double NF-kappaB site identified in the LTR of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) has been demonstrated to be necessary for efficient viral transcription.

text: The

text: double

text: NF-kappaB

text: site

text: identified

text: in

text: the

text: LTR

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: immunodeficiency

text: has

text: been

text: demonstrated

text: to

text: be

text: necessary

text: for

text: efficient

text: viral

text: transcription.


text: A role for retinoic acid during neutrophil maturation has been suggested from a variety of sources .

text: A

text: role

text: for

text: retinoic

text: acid

text: during

text: neutrophil

text: maturation

text: has

text: been

text: suggested

text: from

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: sources


text: No correlation was observed between c-myc mRNA and B lymphocyte monoclonicity or lymphoma .

text: No

text: correlation

text: was

text: observed

text: between

text: c-myc

text: mRNA

text: and

text: B

text: lymphocyte

text: monoclonicity

text: or

text: lymphoma


text: The functional significance of c-Rel involvement in the CD28-responsive complex is demonstrated by transient transfection analysis, where cotransfection of c-Rel augments the level of expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene linked to the CD28-responsive element.

text: The

text: functional

text: significance

text: of

text: c-Rel

text: involvement

text: in

text: the

text: complex

text: is

text: demonstrated

text: by

text: transient

text: transfection

text: analysis,

text: where

text: cotransfection

text: of

text: c-Rel

text: augments

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: expression

text: of

text: a

text: chloramphenicol

text: acetyltransferase

text: reporter

text: gene

text: linked

text: to

text: the

text: element.