text: Proliferation index as a prognostic marker in breast cancer.

text: Proliferation

text: index

text: as

text: a

text: prognostic

text: marker

text: in

text: breast

text: cancer.


text: One base pair change abolishes the T cell-restricted activity of a kB-like proto-enhancer element from the interleukin 2 promoter.

text: One

text: base

text: pair

text: change

text: abolishes

text: the

text: T

text: cell-restricted

text: activity

text: of

text: a

text: kB-like

text: proto-enhancer

text: element

text: from

text: the

text: interleukin

text: promoter.


text: Subsequent studies have revealed that ( i ) cytoplasmic RelA is stably associated not only with I kappa B alpha but also with other ankyrin motif-rich proteins including the products of the NF-kappa B2 (p100) and NF-kappa B1 (p105) genes; ( ii ) in contrast to RelA-I kappa B alpha, RelA-p100 cytoplasmic complexes are not dissociated following tumor necrosis factor alpha activation ; ( iii ) p100 functions as a potent inhibitor of RelA-mediated transcription in vivo; ( iv ) the interaction of RelA and p100 involves the conserved Rel homology domain of both proteins but not the nuclear localization signal of RelA , which is required for I kappa B alpha binding; ( v ) p100 inhibition of RelA function requires the C-terminal ankyrin motif domain, which mediates cytoplasmic retention of RelA; and ( vi ) as observed with I kappa B alpha, nuclear RelA stimulates p100 mRNA and protein expression.

label: CUE

label: SCOPE

text: Subsequent

text: studies

text: have

text: revealed

text: that

text: i

text: cytoplasmic

text: RelA

text: is

text: stably

text: associated

text: not

text: only

text: with

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: alpha

text: but

text: also

text: with

text: other

text: ankyrin

text: motif-rich

text: proteins

text: including

text: the

text: products

text: of

text: the

text: NF-kappa

text: and

text: NF-kappa

text: genes;

text: ii

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: RelA-I

text: kappa

text: B

text: alpha,

text: cytoplasmic

text: complexes

text: are

text: not

text: dissociated

text: following

text: tumor

text: necrosis

text: factor

text: alpha

text: activation

text: iii

text: functions

text: as

text: a

text: potent

text: inhibitor

text: of

text: RelA-mediated

text: transcription

text: in

text: vivo;

text: iv

text: the

text: interaction

text: of

text: RelA

text: and

text: involves

text: the

text: conserved

text: Rel

text: homology

text: domain

text: of

text: both

text: proteins

text: but

text: not

text: the

text: nuclear

text: localization

text: signal

text: of

text: RelA

text: which

text: is

text: required

text: for

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: alpha

text: binding;

text: v

text: inhibition

text: of

text: RelA

text: function

text: requires

text: the

text: C-terminal

text: ankyrin

text: motif

text: domain,

text: which

text: mediates

text: cytoplasmic

text: retention

text: of

text: RelA;

text: and

text: vi

text: as

text: observed

text: with

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: alpha,

text: nuclear

text: RelA

text: stimulates

text: mRNA

text: and

text: protein

text: expression.


text: A 500-bp fragment encompassing this hypersensitive site (nt 4481 to 4982) exhibited transcription-enhancing activity (two- to threefold) when it was cloned in its natural position with respect to the HIV-1 promoter after transient transfection in U937 and CEM cells.

text: A

text: fragment

text: encompassing

text: this

text: hypersensitive

text: site

text: (nt

text: to

text: exhibited

text: transcription-enhancing

text: activity

text: (two-

text: to

text: threefold)

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: cloned

text: in

text: its

text: natural

text: position

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: the

text: promoter

text: after

text: transient

text: transfection

text: in

text: and

text: CEM

text: cells.


text: Transib1_SP is the first Transib transposon identified outside of insect genomes.

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: Transib

text: transposon

text: identified

text: outside

text: of

text: insect

text: genomes.


text: The purified NF-GM2 activated in vitro transcription from the kappa B enhancer, while it failed to stimulate transcription from the GM-CSF promoter harboring the GM2 sequence .

text: The

text: purified

text: activated

text: in

text: vitro

text: transcription

text: from

text: the

text: kappa

text: B

text: enhancer,

text: while

text: it

text: failed

text: to

text: stimulate

text: transcription

text: from

text: the

text: GM-CSF

text: promoter

text: harboring

text: the

text: sequence


text: We used our monoclonal model of germinal center maturation, CL-01 B cells, to investigate the role of CD30 in human B cell differentiation.

text: We

text: used

text: our

text: monoclonal

text: model

text: of

text: germinal

text: center

text: maturation,

text: B

text: cells,

text: to

text: investigate

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: in

text: human

text: B

text: cell

text: differentiation.


text: These findings indicate that MBP is selective among the eosinophil granule proteins as a stimulus for neutrophil IL-8 release and, further, that stimulation of neutrophil IL-8 release by MBP involves both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation .

text: These

text: findings

text: indicate

text: that

text: MBP

text: is

text: selective

text: among

text: the

text: eosinophil

text: granule

text: proteins

text: as

text: a

text: stimulus

text: for

text: neutrophil

text: release

text: and,

text: further,

text: that

text: stimulation

text: of

text: neutrophil

text: release

text: by

text: MBP

text: involves

text: both

text: transcriptional

text: and

text: posttranscriptional

text: regulation


text: RESULTS: A human IL-5 promoter/enhancer-luciferase gene construct, pIL-5(-511)Luc, was transcribed on activation of IL-5-producing T-cell clones, but not IL-5-nonproducing clones .

text: RESULTS:

text: A

text: human

text: promoter/enhancer-luciferase

text: gene

text: construct,

text: was

text: transcribed

text: on

text: activation

text: of

text: T-cell

text: clones,

text: but

text: not

text: clones


text: Identification of nucleotide sequences that regulate transcription of the MCF13 murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat in activated T cells.

text: Identification

text: of

text: nucleotide

text: sequences

text: that

text: regulate

text: transcription

text: of

text: the

text: murine

text: leukemia

text: virus

text: long

text: terminal

text: repeat

text: in

text: activated

text: T

text: cells.


text: We propose a model in which binding of a myeloid-specific factor (PU.1) allows a general factor (Sp1) to bind in a tissue-specific fashion thereby contributing to the myeloid-specific expression of CD11b .

text: We

text: propose

text: a

text: model

text: in

text: which

text: binding

text: of

text: a

text: myeloid-specific

text: factor

text: allows

text: a

text: general

text: factor

text: to

text: bind

text: in

text: a

text: tissue-specific

text: fashion

text: thereby

text: contributing

text: to

text: the

text: myeloid-specific

text: expression

text: of


text: When cloned in multiple copies this so-called TCEd (distal T cell element) acts as an inducible proto-enhancer element in E14 T lymphoma cells, but not in HeLa cells .

text: When

text: cloned

text: in

text: multiple

text: copies

text: this

text: so-called

text: TCEd

text: (distal

text: T

text: cell

text: element)

text: acts

text: as

text: an

text: inducible

text: proto-enhancer

text: element

text: in

text: T

text: lymphoma

text: cells,

text: but

text: not

text: in

text: HeLa

text: cells


text: Signal transduction abnormalities in T lymphocytes from patients with advanced renal carcinoma: clinical relevance and effects of cytokine therapy.

text: Signal

text: transduction

text: abnormalities

text: in

text: T

text: lymphocytes

text: from

text: patients

text: with

text: advanced

text: renal

text: carcinoma:

text: clinical

text: relevance

text: and

text: effects

text: of

text: cytokine

text: therapy.


text: Higher concentrations of A beta(25-35) were effective by themselves in inducing NF-kappa B activation, both in the N9 microglial cell line and in rat primary microglia, as well as in human monocytes.

text: Higher

text: concentrations

text: of

text: A

text: were

text: effective

text: by

text: themselves

text: in

text: inducing

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: activation,

text: both

text: in

text: the

text: microglial

text: cell

text: line

text: and

text: in

text: rat

text: primary

text: microglia,

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: human

text: monocytes.


text: The efficacy of o,o'-bismyristoyl thiamine disulfide (BMT) was examined in detail against HIV-1 laboratory isolates (HTLV-IIIB, JRFL, and MN), primary isolates (KMT and KMO), and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac251) in vitro.

text: The

text: efficacy

text: of

text: o,o'-bismyristoyl

text: thiamine

text: disulfide

text: (BMT)

text: was

text: examined

text: in

text: detail

text: against

text: laboratory

text: isolates

text: (HTLV-IIIB,

text: JRFL,

text: and

text: MN),

text: primary

text: isolates

text: (KMT

text: and

text: KMO),

text: and

text: simian

text: immunodeficiency

text: virus

text: in

text: vitro.


text: Various other homologs for cell death genes, including three additional caspase-like sequences and a second Bcl-2 family member have been identified in the Drosophila genome sequence [7] and will undoubtedly be published in the near future.

text: Various

text: other

text: homologs

text: for

text: cell

text: death

text: genes,

text: including

text: three

text: additional

text: caspase-like

text: sequences

text: and

text: a

text: second

text: family

text: member

text: have

text: been

text: identified

text: in

text: the

text: Drosophila

text: genome

text: sequence

text: and

text: will

text: undoubtedly

text: be

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: near

text: future.


text: The peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand activated transcription factors, plays a key role in the anti-diabetic actions of the thiazolidinediones (TZDs).

text: The

text: peroxisome-proliferator

text: activated

text: receptor

text: gamma

text: (PPARgamma),

text: a

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: nuclear

text: receptor

text: superfamily

text: of

text: ligand

text: activated

text: transcription

text: factors,

text: plays

text: a

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: anti-diabetic

text: actions

text: of

text: the

text: thiazolidinediones

text: (TZDs).


text: Activity of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family with associated phosphorylation of c-Jun Y-peptide was markedly diminished in TPA-treated HL-60/vinc cells, but not in response to okadaic acid .

text: Activity

text: of

text: the

text: mitogen-activated

text: protein

text: kinase

text: family

text: with

text: associated

text: phosphorylation

text: of

text: c-Jun

text: Y-peptide

text: was

text: markedly

text: diminished

text: in

text: TPA-treated

text: cells,

text: but

text: not

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: okadaic

text: acid


text: The inverse relation between high density lipoprotein (HDL) and atherosclerotic events may in part be due to enzymes associated with HDL that destroy the biologically active lipids generated in LDL .

text: The

text: inverse

text: relation

text: between

text: high

text: density

text: lipoprotein

text: (HDL)

text: and

text: atherosclerotic

text: events

text: may

text: in

text: part

text: be

text: due

text: to

text: enzymes

text: associated

text: with

text: HDL

text: that

text: destroy

text: the

text: biologically

text: active

text: lipids

text: generated

text: in

text: LDL


text: This protein, previously identified by its binding to the Ig kappa 3' enhancer and the Ig heavy chain mu E1 site, thus also appears to be quite important in the regulation of MHC class II gene expression .

text: This

text: protein,

text: previously

text: identified

text: by

text: its

text: binding

text: to

text: the

text: Ig

text: kappa

text: enhancer

text: and

text: the

text: Ig

text: heavy

text: chain

text: mu

text: site,

text: thus

text: also

text: appears

text: to

text: be

text: quite

text: important

text: in

text: the

text: regulation

text: of

text: MHC

text: class

text: II

text: gene

text: expression


text: One of the cellular targets of the trans-activating effects of Tax is the NF-kappa B/Rel family of transcription factors, pleiotropic regulators of immunoregulatory, cytokine and viral gene expression.

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: cellular

text: targets

text: of

text: the

text: trans-activating

text: effects

text: of

text: Tax

text: is

text: the

text: NF-kappa

text: B/Rel

text: family

text: of

text: transcription

text: factors,

text: pleiotropic

text: regulators

text: of

text: immunoregulatory,

text: cytokine

text: and

text: viral

text: gene

text: expression.


text: Initial experiments indicated that a 50% decrease in VDR levels was associated with a 2-fold increase in cell proliferation and a similar rise in c-myc mRNA expression .

text: Initial

text: experiments

text: indicated

text: that

text: a

text: decrease

text: in

text: VDR

text: levels

text: was

text: associated

text: with

text: a

text: increase

text: in

text: cell

text: proliferation

text: and

text: a

text: similar

text: rise

text: in

text: c-myc

text: mRNA

text: expression


text: CD40/CD40 ligand interactions play a key role in the immune responses of B lymphocytes, monocytes, and dendritic cells.

text: ligand

text: interactions

text: play

text: a

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: immune

text: responses

text: of

text: B

text: lymphocytes,

text: monocytes,

text: and

text: dendritic

text: cells.


text: We also provide evidence for the functional relationship between the cyclin-like UDG gene product and E2F.

text: We

text: also

text: provide

text: evidence

text: for

text: the

text: functional

text: relationship

text: between

text: the

text: cyclin-like

text: UDG

text: gene

text: product

text: and


text: The underlying signaling pathways appear to be different from those utilized by TNF-alpha, a better characterized cytokine that induces the transcription of immediate-early genes .

text: The

text: underlying

text: signaling

text: pathways

text: appear

text: to

text: be

text: different

text: from

text: those

text: utilized

text: by

text: TNF-alpha,

text: a

text: better

text: characterized

text: cytokine

text: that

text: induces

text: the

text: transcription

text: of

text: immediate-early

text: genes


text: Furthermore, these core regions of the enhancer and promoter each encompass closely linked binding sites for CBF, AP-1, and NFATp.

text: Furthermore,

text: these

text: core

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: enhancer

text: and

text: promoter

text: each

text: encompass

text: closely

text: linked

text: binding

text: sites

text: for

text: CBF,

text: and

text: NFATp.


text: The IFN-dependent increase in RAR(alpha) levels and the enhancing effect of the cytokine on retinoid-dependent granulocytic markers expression may be a characteristic of PML-RAR positive cells , since the phenomena are not observed in HL-60 promyelocytes .

text: The

text: IFN-dependent

text: increase

text: in

text: RAR(alpha)

text: levels

text: and

text: the

text: enhancing

text: effect

text: of

text: the

text: cytokine

text: on

text: retinoid-dependent

text: granulocytic

text: markers

text: expression

text: may

text: be

text: a

text: characteristic

text: of

text: PML-RAR

text: positive

text: cells

text: since

text: the

text: phenomena

text: are

text: not

text: observed

text: in

text: promyelocytes


text: c-Jun protein isolated from phorbol ester-induced cells did not target c-Fos for degradation , which suggests that c-Fos is transiently stabilized after stimulation of cell growth .

text: c-Jun

text: protein

text: isolated

text: from

text: phorbol

text: ester-induced

text: cells

text: did

text: not

text: target

text: c-Fos

text: for

text: degradation

text: which

text: suggests

text: that

text: c-Fos

text: is

text: transiently

text: stabilized

text: after

text: stimulation

text: of

text: cell

text: growth


text: We have identified a negative regulatory element located in the region between -685 and -395.

text: We

text: have

text: identified

text: a

text: negative

text: regulatory

text: element

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: between

text: and


text: Taken together, our data suggest that two interactive mechanisms regulate monocytic I kappa B alpha/MAD-3 mRNA levels .

text: Taken

text: together,

text: our

text: data

text: suggest

text: that

text: two

text: interactive

text: mechanisms

text: regulate

text: monocytic

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: mRNA

text: levels


text: In addition, both SCL and GATA-1 undergo coordinate modulation during chemically induced erythroid differentiation of mouse erythroleukemia cells and are down-modulated during myeloid differentiation of human K562 cells, thus implying a role for SCL in erythroid differentiation events .

text: In

text: addition,

text: both

text: SCL

text: and

text: undergo

text: coordinate

text: modulation

text: during

text: chemically

text: induced

text: erythroid

text: differentiation

text: of

text: mouse

text: erythroleukemia

text: cells

text: and

text: are

text: down-modulated

text: during

text: myeloid

text: differentiation

text: of

text: human

text: cells,

text: thus

text: implying

text: a

text: role

text: for

text: SCL

text: in

text: erythroid

text: differentiation

text: events


text: Each of the 35-bp insertion sites corresponds to two 14-bp and 13-bp DNA fragments flanking a genomic hAT element at its 5? and 3? termini; one of the 8-bp TSDs (flanking the 3? terminus of a transposon) was excluded in each case.

text: Each

text: of

text: the

text: insertion

text: sites

text: corresponds

text: to

text: two

text: and

text: DNA

text: fragments

text: flanking

text: a

text: genomic

text: hAT

text: element

text: at

text: its

text: and

text: termini;

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: TSDs

text: (flanking

text: the

text: terminus

text: of

text: a

text: transposon)

text: was

text: excluded

text: in

text: each

text: case.


text: Upon cellular activation, I kappa B alpha is phosphorylated, polyubiquitinated, and degraded in the proteasome.

text: Upon

text: cellular

text: activation,

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: alpha

text: is

text: phosphorylated,

text: polyubiquitinated,

text: and

text: degraded

text: in

text: the

text: proteasome.


text: In addition, T cell proliferation was completely resistant to the actions of the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA).

text: In

text: addition,

text: T

text: cell

text: proliferation

text: was

text: completely

text: resistant

text: to

text: the

text: actions

text: of

text: the

text: immunosuppressant

text: cyclosporin

text: A

text: (CsA).


text: We report the identification of a T cell-specific transcription factor, TCF-1, binding to this element.

text: We

text: report

text: the

text: identification

text: of

text: a

text: T

text: cell-specific

text: transcription

text: factor,

text: binding

text: to

text: this

text: element.


text: Immunosuppressant PG490 (triptolide) inhibits T-cell interleukin-2 expression at the level of purine-box/nuclear factor of activated T-cells and NF-kappaB transcriptional activation.

text: Immunosuppressant

text: (triptolide)

text: inhibits

text: T-cell

text: expression

text: at

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: purine-box/nuclear

text: factor

text: of

text: activated

text: T-cells

text: and

text: NF-kappaB

text: transcriptional

text: activation.


text: Hence, the expression of LAZ3/BCL6 does not correlate to malignancy , but reflects the origin of B cells from the germinal centers.

text: Hence,

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: does

text: not

text: correlate

text: to

text: malignancy

text: but

text: reflects

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: B

text: cells

text: from

text: the

text: germinal

text: centers.


text: In fibroblasts from patients with hereditary hypercholesteremia of homozygous type the number of glucocorticoid receptors did not exceed 10 % of their content in normal cells .

text: In

text: fibroblasts

text: from

text: patients

text: with

text: hereditary

text: hypercholesteremia

text: of

text: homozygous

text: type

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: glucocorticoid

text: receptors

text: did

text: not

text: exceed

text: of

text: their

text: content

text: in

text: normal

text: cells


text: In contrast, AP-1 generation was inhibited by wortmannin and was also variably sensitive to chloroquine.

text: In

text: contrast,

text: generation

text: was

text: inhibited

text: by

text: wortmannin

text: and

text: was

text: also

text: variably

text: sensitive

text: to

text: chloroquine.


text: To produce a UAS-ADGF-Amyc construct, the ADGF-A fragment was amplified (by ProofStart from pOT2 vector) using the following primers: 5?- AATCTCGAGCTCATCATGTCGCCAGTCATC-3? (5? end with XhoI tail) and 5?- TATCTAGATCGATCCGTTGACTGGGGG-3? (3? end with XbaI tail).

text: To

text: produce

text: a

text: UAS-ADGF-Amyc

text: construct,

text: the

text: ADGF-A

text: fragment

text: was

text: amplified

text: (by

text: ProofStart

text: from

text: vector)

text: using

text: the

text: following

text: primers:

text: end

text: with

text: XhoI

text: tail)

text: and

text: end

text: with

text: XbaI

text: tail).


text: Analysis of the high-throughput datasets has shown that they overlap very little with each other, suggesting that their coverage is low .

text: Analysis

text: of

text: the

text: high-throughput

text: datasets

text: has

text: shown

text: that

text: they

text: overlap

text: very

text: little

text: with

text: each

text: other,

text: suggesting

text: that

text: their

text: coverage

text: is

text: low


text: ADT, a pro-glutathione antioxidant, was observed to be capable of modulating NF-kappa B activation.

text: ADT,

text: a

text: pro-glutathione

text: antioxidant,

text: was

text: observed

text: to

text: be

text: capable

text: of

text: modulating

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: activation.


text: This was followed by a gradual decline to the basal level by 24 h.

text: This

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: a

text: gradual

text: decline

text: to

text: the

text: basal

text: level

text: by

text: h.


text: The palindromic site (site B) recognized by this protein is related to the palindromic binding sites of members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor family.

text: The

text: palindromic

text: site

text: (site

text: B)

text: recognized

text: by

text: this

text: protein

text: is

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: palindromic

text: binding

text: sites

text: of

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: steroid/thyroid

text: hormone

text: receptor

text: family.


text: Constitutive expression of 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor RNA was detected in various kinds of hematopoietic cells, including macrophages and activated T lymphocytes, as well as in cell lines KG-1 (myeloblasts), HL-60 (promyelocytes), ML-3 (myelomonoblasts), U937, THP-1 (monoblasts), K562 (erythroblasts), and S-LB1 (HTLV-1-transfected T lymphocytes).

text: Constitutive

text: expression

text: of

text: receptor

text: RNA

text: was

text: detected

text: in

text: various

text: kinds

text: of

text: hematopoietic

text: cells,

text: including

text: macrophages

text: and

text: activated

text: T

text: lymphocytes,

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: cell

text: lines

text: (myeloblasts),

text: (promyelocytes),

text: (myelomonoblasts),

text: (monoblasts),

text: (erythroblasts),

text: and

text: T

text: lymphocytes).


text: Background

text: Background


text: Immunodepletion studies show that PTF beta is required for transcription of both classes of snRNA genes in vitro.

text: Immunodepletion

text: studies

text: show

text: that

text: PTF

text: beta

text: is

text: required

text: for

text: transcription

text: of

text: both

text: classes

text: of

text: snRNA

text: genes

text: in

text: vitro.


text: It is possible that the CRE site is responsible for induction of bcl-2 expression in other cell types, particularly those in which protein kinase C is involved .

text: It

text: is

text: possible

text: that

text: the

text: CRE

text: site

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: induction

text: of

text: expression

text: in

text: other

text: cell

text: types,

text: particularly

text: those

text: in

text: which

text: protein

text: kinase

text: C

text: is

text: involved


text: In this paper we have investigated the role of Egr-1 in B cell growth regulation by examining the gene expression in a panel of B cell lines, including both EBV genome negative and EBV carrying cell lines.

text: In

text: this

text: paper

text: we

text: have

text: investigated

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: in

text: B

text: cell

text: growth

text: regulation

text: by

text: examining

text: the

text: gene

text: expression

text: in

text: a

text: panel

text: of

text: B

text: cell

text: lines,

text: including

text: both

text: EBV

text: genome

text: negative

text: and

text: EBV

text: carrying

text: cell

text: lines.


text: We furthermore demonstrate that this process involves activation of the transcription factor NF-chi B and, to a lesser extent, of NF-IL6, while the activity of the transcription factor AP-1, shown to otherwise confer IL-6 inducibility, appeared to be unaffected by LTB4 .

text: We

text: furthermore

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: this

text: process

text: involves

text: activation

text: of

text: the

text: transcription

text: factor

text: NF-chi

text: B

text: and,

text: to

text: a

text: lesser

text: extent,

text: of

text: while

text: the

text: activity

text: of

text: the

text: transcription

text: factor

text: shown

text: to

text: otherwise

text: confer

text: inducibility,

text: appeared

text: to

text: be

text: unaffected

text: by


text: Suppression of the adgf-a Mutant Phenotype by Mutations in Other Genes

text: Suppression

text: of

text: the

text: adgf-a

text: Mutant

text: Phenotype

text: by

text: Mutations

text: in

text: Other

text: Genes


text: The Th2-type cytokines, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13), induce expression of a distinct subset of genes in human monocytes, including FcepsilonRIIb (CD23), 15-lipoxygenase, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), and type I and type II IL-1 receptors (IL-1R).

text: The

text: cytokines,

text: and

text: induce

text: expression

text: of

text: a

text: distinct

text: subset

text: of

text: genes

text: in

text: human

text: monocytes,

text: including

text: FcepsilonRIIb

text: receptor

text: antagonist

text: and

text: type

text: I

text: and

text: type

text: II

text: receptors


text: In previous work, we have shown that the parasite induces constitutive activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, by inducing the constitutive degradation of its cytoplasmic inhibitors.

text: In

text: previous

text: work,

text: we

text: have

text: shown

text: that

text: the

text: parasite

text: induces

text: constitutive

text: activation

text: of

text: the

text: transcription

text: factor

text: NF-kappaB,

text: by

text: inducing

text: the

text: constitutive

text: degradation

text: of

text: its

text: cytoplasmic

text: inhibitors.


text: In addition to the assembled contigs, Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center (http://www.hgsc.bcm.tmc.edu) produced an approximately 8-Gb set of short unassembled WGS sequences, called “traces”, which cover nearly the entire sea urchin genome.

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: assembled

text: contigs,

text: Baylor

text: College

text: of

text: Medicine,

text: Human

text: Genome

text: Sequencing

text: Center

text: produced

text: an

text: approximately

text: set

text: of

text: short

text: unassembled

text: WGS

text: sequences,

text: called

text: “traces”,

text: which

text: cover

text: nearly

text: the

text: entire

text: sea

text: urchin

text: genome.


text: Detailed structural analysis of the first 12 cDNAs (HZF 1-10) and a partial characterization of HZF 11-42 revealed that a common feature of human Kruppel-related zinc finger proteins is the presence of tandem arrays of zinc fingers ranging in number from 3 to over 20 that are preferentially located in the carboxy-terminal regions of the proteins.

text: Detailed

text: structural

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: cDNAs

text: (HZF

text: and

text: a

text: partial

text: characterization

text: of

text: HZF

text: revealed

text: that

text: a

text: common

text: feature

text: of

text: human

text: Kruppel-related

text: zinc

text: finger

text: proteins

text: is

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: tandem

text: arrays

text: of

text: zinc

text: fingers

text: ranging

text: in

text: number

text: from

text: to

text: over

text: that

text: are

text: preferentially

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: carboxy-terminal

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: proteins.


text: These data show that the detection of upregulated p50 homodimers in LPS tolerant cells is dependent on subtle differences in the sequence of the DNA binding motif.

text: These

text: data

text: show

text: that

text: the

text: detection

text: of

text: upregulated

text: homodimers

text: in

text: LPS

text: tolerant

text: cells

text: is

text: dependent

text: on

text: subtle

text: differences

text: in

text: the

text: sequence

text: of

text: the

text: DNA

text: binding

text: motif.


text: Nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent induction of interleukin-8 gene expression by tumor necrosis factor alpha: evidence for an antioxidant sensitive activating pathway distinct from nuclear translocation.

text: Nuclear

text: factor-kappaB-dependent

text: induction

text: of

text: gene

text: expression

text: by

text: tumor

text: necrosis

text: factor

text: alpha:

text: evidence

text: for

text: an

text: antioxidant

text: sensitive

text: activating

text: pathway

text: distinct

text: from

text: nuclear

text: translocation.


text: We have investigated whether this antigen is a target structure for human T-lymphocytes .

text: We

text: have

text: investigated

text: whether

text: this

text: antigen

text: is

text: a

text: target

text: structure

text: for

text: human

text: T-lymphocytes


text: By immunocytochemistry, 25 ± 7% of the human neutrophils were shown to express immunoreactive GH, whereas eosinophils were negative.

text: By

text: immunocytochemistry,

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: neutrophils

text: were

text: shown

text: to

text: express

text: immunoreactive

text: GH,

text: whereas

text: eosinophils

text: were

text: negative.


text: Enhanced turnover of IkappaBalpha and the accumulation of NF-kappaB/Rel proteins may contribute to the chronically activated state of HIV-1-infected cells .

text: Enhanced

text: turnover

text: of

text: IkappaBalpha

text: and

text: the

text: accumulation

text: of

text: NF-kappaB/Rel

text: proteins

text: may

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: chronically

text: activated

text: state

text: of

text: cells


text: The inhibiting effect of IL-4 was slightly more pronounced than that of IL-10.

text: The

text: inhibiting

text: effect

text: of

text: was

text: slightly

text: more

text: pronounced

text: than

text: that

text: of


text: The results (Figure 7A) clearly demonstrate that the adgf-a mutant larvae are responsive to ecdysone and that this treatment restores the pupariation frequency to almost wild-type level.

text: The

text: results

text: (Figure

text: clearly

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: the

text: adgf-a

text: mutant

text: larvae

text: are

text: responsive

text: to

text: ecdysone

text: and

text: that

text: this

text: treatment

text: restores

text: the

text: pupariation

text: frequency

text: to

text: almost

text: wild-type

text: level.


text: Extensive analysis of the flanks failed to show any hallmarks of putative transposons that might be associated with this RAG1-like protein , and we did not find any evidence indicating that other RAG1 core–like proteins are encoded by transposable elements (Figure 5).

text: Extensive

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: flanks

text: failed

text: to

text: show

text: any

text: hallmarks

text: of

text: putative

text: transposons

text: that

text: might

text: be

text: associated

text: with

text: this

text: protein

text: and

text: we

text: did

text: not

text: find

text: any

text: evidence

text: indicating

text: that

text: other

text: core–like

text: proteins

text: are

text: encoded

text: by

text: transposable

text: elements

text: (Figure


text: These findings establish that Rel can function as an activator or repressor of gene expression and is required by T lymphocytes for production of IL-3 and GM-CSF.

text: These

text: findings

text: establish

text: that

text: Rel

text: can

text: function

text: as

text: an

text: activator

text: or

text: repressor

text: of

text: gene

text: expression

text: and

text: is

text: required

text: by

text: T

text: lymphocytes

text: for

text: production

text: of

text: and

text: GM-CSF.


text: Furthermore, we investigated the processes involved in persistent activation of NF-kappa B.

text: Furthermore,

text: we

text: investigated

text: the

text: processes

text: involved

text: in

text: persistent

text: activation

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B.


text: Our results therefore show that allele loss on chromosome 20q in polycythemia vera does not commonly involve mitotic recombination or chromosome loss and that microsatellite instability is a rare event in this disorder.

text: Our

text: results

text: therefore

text: show

text: that

text: allele

text: loss

text: on

text: chromosome

text: in

text: polycythemia

text: vera

text: does

text: not

text: commonly

text: involve

text: mitotic

text: recombination

text: or

text: chromosome

text: loss

text: and

text: that

text: microsatellite

text: instability

text: is

text: a

text: rare

text: event

text: in

text: this

text: disorder.


text: We here summarize evidence that thymic atrophy induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) can be mediated, at least in part, by damage to extrathymic T-cell precursors in bone marrow and fetal liver.

text: We

text: here

text: summarize

text: evidence

text: that

text: thymic

text: atrophy

text: induced

text: by

text: (TCDD)

text: can

text: be

text: mediated,

text: at

text: least

text: in

text: part,

text: by

text: damage

text: to

text: extrathymic

text: T-cell

text: precursors

text: in

text: bone

text: marrow

text: and

text: fetal

text: liver.


text: Six proteins are essential for this process and they associate with the X chromosomes; four of them are related to factors involved in chromosome condensation during mitosis in other systems.

text: Six

text: proteins

text: are

text: essential

text: for

text: this

text: process

text: and

text: they

text: associate

text: with

text: the

text: X

text: chromosomes;

text: four

text: of

text: them

text: are

text: related

text: to

text: factors

text: involved

text: in

text: chromosome

text: condensation

text: during

text: mitosis

text: in

text: other

text: systems.


text: The protein-tyrosine kinase ZAP-70 is implicated, together with the Src kinase p56(lck), in controlling the early steps of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling cascade.

text: The

text: protein-tyrosine

text: kinase

text: is

text: implicated,

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: Src

text: kinase

text: in

text: controlling

text: the

text: early

text: steps

text: of

text: the

text: T-cell

text: antigen

text: receptor

text: (TCR)

text: signaling

text: cascade.


text: We now show that an analogous cell-cycle-regulated phosphorylation of Id3 alters the specificity of Id3 for abrogating both E-box-dependent bHLH homo- or heterodimer complex formation in vitro and E-box-dependent reporter gene function in vivo.

text: We

text: now

text: show

text: that

text: an

text: analogous

text: cell-cycle-regulated

text: phosphorylation

text: of

text: alters

text: the

text: specificity

text: of

text: for

text: abrogating

text: both

text: E-box-dependent

text: bHLH

text: homo-

text: or

text: heterodimer

text: complex

text: formation

text: in

text: vitro

text: and

text: E-box-dependent

text: reporter

text: gene

text: function

text: in

text: vivo.


text: Stimulation of neutrophil interleukin-8 production by eosinophil granule major basic protein.

text: Stimulation

text: of

text: neutrophil

text: production

text: by

text: eosinophil

text: granule

text: major

text: basic

text: protein.


text: We have isolated a human cDNA clone encoding a zinc finger protein (NF-E1) that binds to the negative-acting segment of the kappa E3' enhancer.

text: We

text: have

text: isolated

text: a

text: human

text: cDNA

text: clone

text: encoding

text: a

text: zinc

text: finger

text: protein

text: that

text: binds

text: to

text: the

text: negative-acting

text: segment

text: of

text: the

text: kappa

text: enhancer.


text: Expression of LAZ3/BCL6 in follicular center (FC) B cells of reactive lymph nodes and FC-derived non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

text: Expression

text: of

text: in

text: follicular

text: center

text: (FC)

text: B

text: cells

text: of

text: reactive

text: lymph

text: nodes

text: and

text: FC-derived

text: non-Hodgkin

text: lymphomas.


text: The addition of anti-CD28 mAb to anti-CD3-stimulated cells markedly increased IL-2 production in both cell types, but levels of IL-2 in neonatal T cells remained clearly lower than those of adult T cells (respective mean values: 385 ± 109 pg/ml and 4494 ± 1199 pg/ml).

text: The

text: addition

text: of

text: mAb

text: to

text: cells

text: markedly

text: increased

text: production

text: in

text: both

text: cell

text: types,

text: but

text: levels

text: of

text: in

text: neonatal

text: T

text: cells

text: remained

text: clearly

text: lower

text: than

text: those

text: of

text: adult

text: T

text: cells

text: (respective

text: mean

text: values:

text: pg/ml

text: and

text: pg/ml).


text: Rather, tyrosine phosphorylation was shown to be directly involved in mediating CD40-dependent signals.

text: Rather,

text: tyrosine

text: phosphorylation

text: was

text: shown

text: to

text: be

text: directly

text: involved

text: in

text: mediating

text: signals.


text: O-side chain-specific mAb concurrently enhanced complement-dependent LPS uptake by monocytes through complement receptor-1 (CR1) and uptake by CHO-CD14 cells involving another heat-labile serum factor(s) and cell-associated recognition molecule(s).

text: O-side

text: chain-specific

text: mAb

text: concurrently

text: enhanced

text: complement-dependent

text: LPS

text: uptake

text: by

text: monocytes

text: through

text: complement

text: and

text: uptake

text: by

text: cells

text: involving

text: another

text: heat-labile

text: serum

text: factor(s)

text: and

text: cell-associated

text: recognition

text: molecule(s).


text: We conclude that tyloxapol is potentially useful as a new antiinflammatory therapy for CF lung disease , and could possibly promote clearance of secretions in the CF airway .

text: We

text: conclude

text: that

text: tyloxapol

text: is

text: potentially

text: useful

text: as

text: a

text: new

text: antiinflammatory

text: therapy

text: for

text: CF

text: lung

text: disease

text: and

text: could

text: possibly

text: promote

text: clearance

text: of

text: secretions

text: in

text: the

text: CF

text: airway


text: In conclusion, the long-term regulation of transcription factor gene expression in non-proliferating cells seems to be of minor importance after influenza infection since in apoptosisprone cells an immediate availability of transcription factor proteins is required.

text: In

text: conclusion,

text: the

text: long-term

text: regulation

text: of

text: transcription

text: factor

text: gene

text: expression

text: in

text: non-proliferating

text: cells

text: seems

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: minor

text: importance

text: after

text: influenza

text: infection

text: since

text: in

text: apoptosisprone

text: cells

text: an

text: immediate

text: availability

text: of

text: transcription

text: factor

text: proteins

text: is

text: required.


text: Processing of the precursor of NF-kappa B by the HIV-1 protease during acute infection.

text: Processing

text: of

text: the

text: precursor

text: of

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: by

text: the

text: protease

text: during

text: acute

text: infection.


text: Antibodies.

text: Antibodies.


text: Direct interaction of hematopoietic transcription factors PU.1 and GATA-1: functional antagonism in erythroid cells.

text: Direct

text: interaction

text: of

text: hematopoietic

text: transcription

text: factors

text: and

text: functional

text: antagonism

text: in

text: erythroid

text: cells.


text: We analyzed the activation of STATs in primary human T and NK cells by a variety of specific cytokines.

text: We

text: analyzed

text: the

text: activation

text: of

text: STATs

text: in

text: primary

text: human

text: T

text: and

text: NK

text: cells

text: by

text: a

text: variety

text: of

text: specific

text: cytokines.


text: We demonstrate that 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] enhances the replication of monocyte- and lymphocyte-tropic strains of HIV-1 up to 10,000-fold in monocyte cell lines, peripheral blood monocytes, and unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

text: We

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: enhances

text: the

text: replication

text: of

text: monocyte-

text: and

text: lymphocyte-tropic

text: strains

text: of

text: up

text: to

text: in

text: monocyte

text: cell

text: lines,

text: peripheral

text: blood

text: monocytes,

text: and

text: unfractionated

text: peripheral

text: blood

text: mononuclear

text: cells.


text: As a homodimer JunB is unable to bind the enhancer ; however in the presence of c-Fos, high-affinity binding is observed.

text: As

text: a

text: homodimer

text: JunB

text: is

text: unable

text: to

text: bind

text: the

text: enhancer

text: however

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: c-Fos,

text: high-affinity

text: binding

text: is

text: observed.


text: These studies revealed that the major protein in extracts of PMN activated by G-CSF to bind the high-affinity serum-inducible element (hSIE) is a 72-kDa protein that cross-reacts with Stat3 monoclonal antibody, which we have designated Stat3gamma.

text: These

text: studies

text: revealed

text: that

text: the

text: major

text: protein

text: in

text: extracts

text: of

text: PMN

text: activated

text: by

text: G-CSF

text: to

text: bind

text: the

text: high-affinity

text: serum-inducible

text: element

text: (hSIE)

text: is

text: a

text: protein

text: that

text: cross-reacts

text: with

text: monoclonal

text: antibody,

text: which

text: we

text: have

text: designated


text: To dissect the molecular basis for the unusually persistent transcription of the IL-2R alpha gene, we analyzed nuclear NF-kappa B binding to a radiolabeled IL-2R alpha kappa B-specific oligonucleotide probe during the time course of CD2 + CD28 activation.

text: To

text: dissect

text: the

text: molecular

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: unusually

text: persistent

text: transcription

text: of

text: the

text: alpha

text: gene,

text: we

text: analyzed

text: nuclear

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: binding

text: to

text: a

text: radiolabeled

text: alpha

text: kappa

text: B-specific

text: oligonucleotide

text: probe

text: during

text: the

text: time

text: course

text: of

text: activation.


text: These responses were completely blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

text: These

text: responses

text: were

text: completely

text: blocked

text: by

text: tyrosine

text: kinase

text: inhibitors.


text: We further demonstrate that M-CSF increases c-fos mRNA levels in human monocytes through control at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.

text: We

text: further

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: M-CSF

text: increases

text: c-fos

text: mRNA

text: levels

text: in

text: human

text: monocytes

text: through

text: control

text: at

text: both

text: the

text: transcriptional

text: and

text: posttranscriptional

text: levels.


text: Differences in LTR sequence also resulted in differences in transcription factor recruitment to cis-acting sites within the U3 region of the LTR, as demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays.

text: Differences

text: in

text: LTR

text: sequence

text: also

text: resulted

text: in

text: differences

text: in

text: transcription

text: factor

text: recruitment

text: to

text: cis-acting

text: sites

text: within

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: LTR,

text: as

text: demonstrated

text: by

text: electrophoretic

text: mobility

text: shift

text: assays.


text: The effects of selenium were specific for NF-kappa B, since the activity of the transcription factor AP-1 was not suppressed .

text: The

text: effects

text: of

text: selenium

text: were

text: specific

text: for

text: NF-kappa

text: B,

text: since

text: the

text: activity

text: of

text: the

text: transcription

text: factor

text: was

text: not

text: suppressed


text: The number of GCR in the patients was greatly increased when these patients were treated with oxygen (P

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: GCR

text: in

text: the

text: patients

text: was

text: greatly

text: increased

text: when

text: these

text: patients

text: were

text: treated

text: with

text: oxygen

text: (P


text: One clone (C3/5, CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(-)) was selected for further analysis.

text: One

text: clone

text: was

text: selected

text: for

text: further

text: analysis.


text: These results demonstrate the selective role of GATA-4 in the transcriptional regulation of the IL-5 gene in a circumstance where multiple members of the GATA-binding proteins are expressed.

text: These

text: results

text: demonstrate

text: the

text: selective

text: role

text: of

text: in

text: the

text: transcriptional

text: regulation

text: of

text: the

text: gene

text: in

text: a

text: circumstance

text: where

text: multiple

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: GATA-binding

text: proteins

text: are

text: expressed.


text: In the present study, we investigated the induction mechanism of SAA gene in THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells which play a critical role in the development of atherosclerotic fatty streak and plaque formation.

text: In

text: the

text: present

text: study,

text: we

text: investigated

text: the

text: induction

text: mechanism

text: of

text: SAA

text: gene

text: in

text: monocyte/macrophage

text: cells

text: which

text: play

text: a

text: critical

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: atherosclerotic

text: fatty

text: streak

text: and

text: plaque

text: formation.


text: Using either a p50- or p65-selected kappa B motif, which displayed differential binding with respect to the other protein, little to no binding was observed with the heterodimeric NF-kappa B complex.

text: Using

text: either

text: a

text: or

text: kappa

text: B

text: motif,

text: which

text: displayed

text: differential

text: binding

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: the

text: other

text: protein,

text: little

text: to

text: no

text: binding

text: was

text: observed

text: with

text: the

text: heterodimeric

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: complex.


text: In addition, over-expression of STAT2 by transfection of the cDNA prevented apoptosis of the T cell clones.

text: In

text: addition,

text: over-expression

text: of

text: by

text: transfection

text: of

text: the

text: cDNA

text: prevented

text: apoptosis

text: of

text: the

text: T

text: cell

text: clones.


text: The parallel induction of I kappa B alpha synthesis may allow for the continuous presence of a cytoplasmic reservoir of p50/RelA(p65) complexes that are readily available for inducer-mediated stimulation .

text: The

text: parallel

text: induction

text: of

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: alpha

text: synthesis

text: may

text: allow

text: for

text: the

text: continuous

text: presence

text: of

text: a

text: cytoplasmic

text: reservoir

text: of

text: complexes

text: that

text: are

text: readily

text: available

text: for

text: inducer-mediated

text: stimulation


text: Similar to its effect on IL-2 production, cyclosporin A inhibited the induction of NF-MATp35.

text: Similar

text: to

text: its

text: effect

text: on

text: production,

text: cyclosporin

text: A

text: inhibited

text: the

text: induction

text: of


text: DNA taken from families with an asthmatic proband was examined for base exchanges by single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP).

text: DNA

text: taken

text: from

text: families

text: with

text: an

text: asthmatic

text: proband

text: was

text: examined

text: for

text: base

text: exchanges

text: by

text: single-stranded

text: conformational

text: polymorphism

text: (SSCP).


text: In contrast, neither the RA-stimulated, RARE-mediated transcription nor the induced RAR-beta expression was suppressed by VitD3 , suggesting that VitD3 selectively inhibited the retinoid-induced differentiation program but not the RARE-mediated signal .

text: In

text: contrast,

text: neither

text: the

text: RA-stimulated,

text: RARE-mediated

text: transcription

text: nor

text: the

text: induced

text: RAR-beta

text: expression

text: was

text: suppressed

text: by

text: suggesting

text: that

text: selectively

text: inhibited

text: the

text: retinoid-induced

text: differentiation

text: program

text: but

text: not

text: the

text: RARE-mediated

text: signal


text: T cell activation results in high levels of HIV replication and is thought to be one mechanism leading to the conversion from latent to active viral infection .

text: T

text: cell

text: activation

text: results

text: in

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: HIV

text: replication

text: and

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: mechanism

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: conversion

text: from

text: latent

text: to

text: active

text: viral

text: infection


text: GFP-stained fat body was observed in living, etherized larvae in PBS solution on a standard microscopic slide with a coverslip under a fluorescence microscope.

text: GFP-stained

text: fat

text: body

text: was

text: observed

text: in

text: living,

text: etherized

text: larvae

text: in

text: PBS

text: solution

text: on

text: a

text: standard

text: microscopic

text: slide

text: with

text: a

text: coverslip

text: under

text: a

text: fluorescence

text: microscope.


text: There was, however, a significant difference in the amounts of the nuclear protein, REF-1 (which regulates AP-1 DNA binding by altering the redox status of FOS and JUN proteins), in alveolar macrophages compared with monocytes.

text: There

text: was,

text: however,

text: a

text: significant

text: difference

text: in

text: the

text: amounts

text: of

text: the

text: nuclear

text: protein,

text: (which

text: regulates

text: DNA

text: binding

text: by

text: altering

text: the

text: redox

text: status

text: of

text: FOS

text: and

text: JUN

text: proteins),

text: in

text: alveolar

text: macrophages

text: compared

text: with

text: monocytes.


text: Various modes of basic helix-loop-helix protein-mediated regulation of murine leukemia virus transcription in lymphoid cell lines.

text: Various

text: modes

text: of

text: basic

text: helix-loop-helix

text: protein-mediated

text: regulation

text: of

text: murine

text: leukemia

text: virus

text: transcription

text: in

text: lymphoid

text: cell

text: lines.


text: A novel B cell-restricted activity, required for high levels of octamer/Oct-dependent transcription from an immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) promoter, was detected in an in vitro system consisting of HeLa cell-derived extracts complemented with fractionated B cell nuclear proteins.

text: A

text: novel

text: B

text: cell-restricted

text: activity,

text: required

text: for

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: octamer/Oct-dependent

text: transcription

text: from

text: an

text: immunoglobulin

text: heavy

text: chain

text: (IgH)

text: promoter,

text: was

text: detected

text: in

text: an

text: in

text: vitro

text: system

text: consisting

text: of

text: HeLa

text: cell-derived

text: extracts

text: complemented

text: with

text: fractionated

text: B

text: cell

text: nuclear

text: proteins.


text: Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by combination of a novel inhibitor of TNF-alpha with AZT.

text: Inhibition

text: of

text: replication

text: by

text: combination

text: of

text: a

text: novel

text: inhibitor

text: of

text: TNF-alpha

text: with

text: AZT.


text: Functional analyses of DNA fragments containing the TATA element and the identification of a DNase I-hypersensitive chromatin site (HS 1) in close proximity to the TATA box suggest that the identified TATA motif is important for elk-1 transcription in vivo .

text: Functional

text: analyses

text: of

text: DNA

text: fragments

text: containing

text: the

text: TATA

text: element

text: and

text: the

text: identification

text: of

text: a

text: DNase

text: I-hypersensitive

text: chromatin

text: site

text: (HS

text: in

text: close

text: proximity

text: to

text: the

text: TATA

text: box

text: suggest

text: that

text: the

text: identified

text: TATA

text: motif

text: is

text: important

text: for

text: transcription

text: in

text: vivo


text: Although the overlap between the LR400 dataset and the HPRD-derived positive training set is below 10% as shown in Figure 6C, the proportion of interactions common to these two sets is not equally distributed for all posterior odds ratios of interaction values .

text: Although

text: the

text: overlap

text: between

text: the

text: dataset

text: and

text: the

text: HPRD-derived

text: positive

text: training

text: set

text: is

text: below

text: as

text: shown

text: in

text: Figure

text: the

text: proportion

text: of

text: interactions

text: common

text: to

text: these

text: two

text: sets

text: is

text: not

text: equally

text: distributed

text: for

text: all

text: posterior

text: odds

text: ratios

text: of

text: interaction

text: values


text: We propose that BEAD-1 functions as a boundary that separates the TCR alpha/delta locus into distinct regulatory domains controlled by Edelta and the TCR alpha enhancer, and that it prevents Edelta from opening the chromatin of the TCR alpha joining gene segments for VDJ recombination at an early stage of T cell development .

text: We

text: propose

text: that

text: functions

text: as

text: a

text: boundary

text: that

text: separates

text: the

text: TCR

text: alpha/delta

text: locus

text: into

text: distinct

text: regulatory

text: domains

text: controlled

text: by

text: Edelta

text: and

text: the

text: TCR

text: alpha

text: enhancer,

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: prevents

text: Edelta

text: from

text: opening

text: the

text: chromatin

text: of

text: the

text: TCR

text: alpha

text: joining

text: gene

text: segments

text: for

text: VDJ

text: recombination

text: at

text: an

text: early

text: stage

text: of

text: T

text: cell

text: development


text: Here we investigated the role and involvement of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) signal transducer molecules in LPS signaling in human dermal microvessel endothelial cells (HDMEC) and THP-1 monocytic cells.

text: Here

text: we

text: investigated

text: the

text: role

text: and

text: involvement

text: of

text: and

text: tumor

text: necrosis

text: factor

text: (TNF-alpha)

text: signal

text: transducer

text: molecules

text: in

text: LPS

text: signaling

text: in

text: human

text: dermal

text: microvessel

text: endothelial

text: cells

text: (HDMEC)

text: and

text: monocytic

text: cells.


text: The probable regulatory point was the cytoplasmic IkappaB inhibitor:

text: The

text: probable

text: regulatory

text: point

text: was

text: the

text: cytoplasmic

text: IkappaB

text: inhibitor:


text: All tumor cell lines from the B-cell lineage and a few from the T-cell lineage express Oct-2.

text: All

text: tumor

text: cell

text: lines

text: from

text: the

text: B-cell

text: lineage

text: and

text: a

text: few

text: from

text: the

text: T-cell

text: lineage

text: express


text: This cDNA clone was isolated by expression cDNA cloning, and encodes the human c-Jun protein, which together with c-Fos forms the heterodimeric activator protein-1 transcription complex.

text: This

text: cDNA

text: clone

text: was

text: isolated

text: by

text: expression

text: cDNA

text: cloning,

text: and

text: encodes

text: the

text: human

text: c-Jun

text: protein,

text: which

text: together

text: with

text: c-Fos

text: forms

text: the

text: heterodimeric

text: activator

text: transcription

text: complex.


text: When a therapy proves effective, do clinicians truly know how it works?

text: When

text: a

text: therapy

text: proves

text: effective,

text: do

text: clinicians

text: truly

text: know

text: how

text: it

text: works?


text: An inhibitory, "dominant-negative," form of the calcineurin catalytic (A) subunit was prepared, which lacks the calmodulin-binding domain, autoinhibitory domain and most of its catalytic core but possesses the regulatory (B) subunit binding domain.

text: An

text: inhibitory,

text: "dominant-negative,"

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: calcineurin

text: catalytic

text: (A)

text: subunit

text: was

text: prepared,

text: which

text: lacks

text: the

text: calmodulin-binding

text: domain,

text: autoinhibitory

text: domain

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: catalytic

text: core

text: but

text: possesses

text: the

text: regulatory

text: (B)

text: subunit

text: binding

text: domain.


text: Both are located in the particulate fraction following platelet activation and are also able to bind to a GST-construct containing the SH2 and SH3 domains of phospholipase C gamma 1.

text: Both

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: particulate

text: fraction

text: following

text: platelet

text: activation

text: and

text: are

text: also

text: able

text: to

text: bind

text: to

text: a

text: GST-construct

text: containing

text: the

text: and

text: domains

text: of

text: phospholipase

text: C

text: gamma


text: A flowchart of the prediction procedure.

text: A

text: flowchart

text: of

text: the

text: prediction

text: procedure.


text: That PKC-zeta is specific in regulating NF-kappa B is concluded from the inability of PKC-zeta(mut) to interfere with the basal or phorbol myristate acetate-inducible CREB- or AP1-dependent transcriptional activity.

text: That

text: PKC-zeta

text: is

text: specific

text: in

text: regulating

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: is

text: concluded

text: from

text: the

text: inability

text: of

text: PKC-zeta(mut)

text: to

text: interfere

text: with

text: the

text: basal

text: or

text: phorbol

text: myristate

text: acetate-inducible

text: CREB-

text: or

text: transcriptional

text: activity.


text: The small GTP-binding protein Rho potentiates AP-1 transcription in T cells.

text: The

text: small

text: GTP-binding

text: protein

text: Rho

text: potentiates

text: transcription

text: in

text: T

text: cells.


text: Thus, our analysis identified both complete and partial D-mib loss-of-function alleles.

text: Thus,

text: our

text: analysis

text: identified

text: both

text: complete

text: and

text: partial

text: D-mib

text: loss-of-function

text: alleles.


text: PGG-Glucan, a soluble beta-(1,6)-branched beta-(1,3)-linked glucose homopolymer derived from the cell wall of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is an immunomodulator which enhances leukocyte anti-infective activity and enhances myeloid and megakaryocyte progenitor proliferation.

text: PGG-Glucan,

text: a

text: soluble

text: glucose

text: homopolymer

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: cell

text: wall

text: of

text: the

text: yeast

text: Saccharomyces

text: cerevisiae,

text: is

text: an

text: immunomodulator

text: which

text: enhances

text: leukocyte

text: anti-infective

text: activity

text: and

text: enhances

text: myeloid

text: and

text: megakaryocyte

text: progenitor

text: proliferation.


text: (A and A?) D-mib (green) is detected in all cells of the wing imaginal disc.

text: (A

text: and

text: A?)

text: D-mib

text: (green)

text: is

text: detected

text: in

text: all

text: cells

text: of

text: the

text: wing

text: imaginal

text: disc.


text: the number of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid binding sites grows in hypertensive patients.

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: glucocorticoid

text: and

text: mineralocorticoid

text: binding

text: sites

text: grows

text: in

text: hypertensive

text: patients.


text: These cells are deficient in FasL expression and apoptosis induced upon TCR triggering, although their cytokine (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) production is normal.

text: These

text: cells

text: are

text: deficient

text: in

text: FasL

text: expression

text: and

text: apoptosis

text: induced

text: upon

text: TCR

text: triggering,

text: although

text: their

text: cytokine

text: and

text: IFN-gamma)

text: production

text: is

text: normal.


text: No evidence for inflammatory cytokine production was obtained under these conditions .

text: No

text: evidence

text: for

text: inflammatory

text: cytokine

text: production

text: was

text: obtained

text: under

text: these

text: conditions


text: However, when HL60R cells were transduced with a functional copy of the RAR alpha gene, RA induced a 10-fold increase in E3 mRNA levels.

text: However,

text: when

text: cells

text: were

text: transduced

text: with

text: a

text: functional

text: copy

text: of

text: the

text: RAR

text: alpha

text: gene,

text: RA

text: induced

text: a

text: increase

text: in

text: mRNA

text: levels.


text: We demonstrate that charybdotoxin inhibits the ligand-induced transient membrane hyperpolarization in B and T cells in a dose-dependent fashion, without affecting changes in cytosolic Ca2+ .

text: We

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: charybdotoxin

text: inhibits

text: the

text: ligand-induced

text: transient

text: membrane

text: hyperpolarization

text: in

text: B

text: and

text: T

text: cells

text: in

text: a

text: dose-dependent

text: fashion,

text: without

text: affecting

text: changes

text: in

text: cytosolic


text: Nuclear appearance of a factor that binds the CD28 response element within the interleukin-2 enhancer correlates with interleukin-2 production.

text: Nuclear

text: appearance

text: of

text: a

text: factor

text: that

text: binds

text: the

text: response

text: element

text: within

text: the

text: enhancer

text: correlates

text: with

text: production.


text: Electrophoretic mobility shift and methylation interference analyses demonstrated that EBS1 and EBS2 are essential for the formation of the NFAT-1 and NFIL-2B nuclear protein complexes.

text: Electrophoretic

text: mobility

text: shift

text: and

text: methylation

text: interference

text: analyses

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: and

text: are

text: essential

text: for

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: nuclear

text: protein

text: complexes.


text: The nuclear factor NF-AT (ref. 1) is induced in T cells stimulated through the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex, and is required for interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene induction.

text: The

text: nuclear

text: factor

text: NF-AT

text: (ref.

text: is

text: induced

text: in

text: T

text: cells

text: stimulated

text: through

text: the

text: T-cell

text: complex,

text: and

text: is

text: required

text: for

text: gene

text: induction.


text: Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors inhibit phorbol myristate acetate and cytokine-induced HIV-1 expression chronically infected U1 cells.

text: Soluble

text: tumor

text: necrosis

text: factor

text: receptors

text: inhibit

text: phorbol

text: myristate

text: acetate

text: and

text: cytokine-induced

text: expression

text: chronically

text: infected

text: cells.


text: Contrary to the idea that protein kinase C is involved in TCR-mediated activation of NF-kappaB, high doses of staurosporine did not interfere with activation of NF-kappaB by PHA , while the same dose of staurosporine completely blocked activation by PMA.

text: Contrary

text: to

text: the

text: idea

text: that

text: protein

text: kinase

text: C

text: is

text: involved

text: in

text: TCR-mediated

text: activation

text: of

text: NF-kappaB,

text: high

text: doses

text: of

text: staurosporine

text: did

text: not

text: interfere

text: with

text: activation

text: of

text: NF-kappaB

text: by

text: PHA

text: while

text: the

text: same

text: dose

text: of

text: staurosporine

text: completely

text: blocked

text: activation

text: by

text: PMA.


text: It is assumed that binding interfaces, too, are conserved evolutionary modules that are reused between proteins of different functions and retained during evolution 23.

text: It

text: is

text: assumed

text: that

text: binding

text: interfaces,

text: too,

text: are

text: conserved

text: evolutionary

text: modules

text: that

text: are

text: reused

text: between

text: proteins

text: of

text: different

text: functions

text: and

text: retained

text: during

text: evolution


text: DNase I footprinting identified several protected areas including Sp1, Sp1/AP-2, and cAMP response element (CRE) binding sites within the 201-bp core promoter region and Sp1, NRE-2a, TCF-1/LEF-1, and Sp1/NF-AT binding sites in the upstream regulatory region.

text: DNase

text: I

text: footprinting

text: identified

text: several

text: protected

text: areas

text: including

text: and

text: cAMP

text: response

text: element

text: (CRE)

text: binding

text: sites

text: within

text: the

text: core

text: promoter

text: region

text: and

text: and

text: binding

text: sites

text: in

text: the

text: upstream

text: regulatory

text: region.


text: By examining in vitro-differentiated embryonic stem cells, we showed previously that in the absence of GATA-1 , committed erythroid precursors fail to complete maturation and instead undergo apoptosis.

text: By

text: examining

text: in

text: vitro-differentiated

text: embryonic

text: stem

text: cells,

text: we

text: showed

text: previously

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: committed

text: erythroid

text: precursors

text: fail

text: to

text: complete

text: maturation

text: and

text: instead

text: undergo

text: apoptosis.


text: To demonstrate a direct link between changes in the phosphorylation pattern of I kappa B alpha with NF-kappa B activation, we immunoprecipitated I kappa B alpha after varying times of hypoxic exposure and found that its tyrosine phosphorylation status increased during hypoxic exposure.

text: To

text: demonstrate

text: a

text: direct

text: link

text: between

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: phosphorylation

text: pattern

text: of

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: alpha

text: with

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: activation,

text: we

text: immunoprecipitated

text: I

text: kappa

text: B

text: alpha

text: after

text: varying

text: times

text: of

text: hypoxic

text: exposure

text: and

text: found

text: that

text: its

text: tyrosine

text: phosphorylation

text: status

text: increased

text: during

text: hypoxic

text: exposure.


text: Together, our data show that bcl-xL is essential for normal erythroid development and suggest a regulatory hierarchy in which bcl-xL is a critical downstream effector of GATA-1 and erythropoietin-mediated signals .

text: Together,

text: our

text: data

text: show

text: that

text: bcl-xL

text: is

text: essential

text: for

text: normal

text: erythroid

text: development

text: and

text: suggest

text: a

text: regulatory

text: hierarchy

text: in

text: which

text: bcl-xL

text: is

text: a

text: critical

text: downstream

text: effector

text: of

text: and

text: erythropoietin-mediated

text: signals


text: This paper provides a brief review of immune properties currently attributed to calcitriol.

text: This

text: paper

text: provides

text: a

text: brief

text: review

text: of

text: immune

text: properties

text: currently

text: attributed

text: to

text: calcitriol.


text: Stable transfectants of HB24 were established that expressed high levels of HB24 mRNA and possessed an altered phenotype suggestive of activated T cells .

text: Stable

text: transfectants

text: of

text: were

text: established

text: that

text: expressed

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: mRNA

text: and

text: possessed

text: an

text: altered

text: phenotype

text: suggestive

text: of

text: activated

text: T

text: cells


text: Replacement of the two AP-1 sites with intrinsically bent DNA partially restored LPS induction, suggesting an additional structural role for the AP-1 sites .

text: Replacement

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: sites

text: with

text: intrinsically

text: bent

text: DNA

text: partially

text: restored

text: LPS

text: induction,

text: suggesting

text: an

text: additional

text: structural

text: role

text: for

text: the

text: sites


text: A second class of key apoptotic regulators in Drosophila is the IAP family.

text: A

text: second

text: class

text: of

text: key

text: apoptotic

text: regulators

text: in

text: Drosophila

text: is

text: the

text: IAP

text: family.


text: NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis identified the 140-kDa surface antigen for mAb J393 as CD43/leukosialin, the major sialoglycoprotein of leukocytes.

text: amino

text: acid

text: sequence

text: analysis

text: identified

text: the

text: surface

text: antigen

text: for

text: mAb

text: as

text: the

text: major

text: sialoglycoprotein

text: of

text: leukocytes.


text: Much attention has recently focused on the observation that UV light can activate the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

text: Much

text: attention

text: has

text: recently

text: focused

text: on

text: the

text: observation

text: that

text: UV

text: light

text: can

text: activate

text: the

text: long

text: terminal

text: repeat

text: (LTR)

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: immunodeficiency

text: virus

text: (HIV).


text: NAC was effective in inhibiting mature C epsilon transcription and IgE synthesis in the T cell-independent culture system.

text: NAC

text: was

text: effective

text: in

text: inhibiting

text: mature

text: C

text: epsilon

text: transcription

text: and

text: IgE

text: synthesis

text: in

text: the

text: T

text: cell-independent

text: culture

text: system.


text: In addition, we provide evidence for a decrease in basal transcription activity in vitro.

text: In

text: addition,

text: we

text: provide

text: evidence

text: for

text: a

text: decrease

text: in

text: basal

text: transcription

text: activity

text: in

text: vitro.


text: UAS-D-mib and UAS-YFP::D-mib lines were generated via standard P-element transformation.

text: UAS-D-mib

text: and

text: UAS-YFP::D-mib

text: lines

text: were

text: generated

text: via

text: standard

text: P-element

text: transformation.


text: It also primes cells to become IL-2 responsive and thereby prepares the second phase, in which IL-2 induces a 100-fold further increase in IL-2R alpha transcripts.

text: It

text: also

text: primes

text: cells

text: to

text: become

text: responsive

text: and

text: thereby

text: prepares

text: the

text: second

text: phase,

text: in

text: which

text: induces

text: a

text: further

text: increase

text: in

text: alpha

text: transcripts.


text: The cumulative distribution of accuracy shows that SCOPE had the most high-scoring motifs at every level (Figure 5b).

text: The

text: cumulative

text: distribution

text: of

text: accuracy

text: shows

text: that

text: SCOPE

text: had

text: the

text: most

text: high-scoring

text: motifs

text: at

text: every

text: level

text: (Figure


text: We then examined D-mib subcellular distribution in epithelial cells located along the edge of the wing discs because cross-sectional imaging affords better resolution along the apical-basal axis.

text: We

text: then

text: examined

text: D-mib

text: subcellular

text: distribution

text: in

text: epithelial

text: cells

text: located

text: along

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: wing

text: discs

text: because

text: cross-sectional

text: imaging

text: affords

text: better

text: resolution

text: along

text: the

text: apical-basal

text: axis.


text: On the other hand, only one of the apparently nonfunctional sequence motifs was bound with factors in vivo.

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand,

text: only

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: apparently

text: nonfunctional

text: sequence

text: motifs

text: was

text: bound

text: with

text: factors

text: in

text: vivo.


text: The alignments were computed using ClustalW, and the figures were generated using Jalview.

text: The

text: alignments

text: were

text: computed

text: using

text: ClustalW,

text: and

text: the

text: figures

text: were

text: generated

text: using

text: Jalview.


text: The closest Drosophila homolog of the vertebrate mib gene is the predicted gene CG5841, D-mib [18].

text: The

text: closest

text: Drosophila

text: homolog

text: of

text: the

text: vertebrate

text: mib

text: gene

text: is

text: the

text: predicted

text: gene

text: D-mib


text: Several DNA-binding complexes were detected on RAREs in undifferentiated cells.

text: Several

text: DNA-binding

text: complexes

text: were

text: detected

text: on

text: RAREs

text: in

text: undifferentiated

text: cells.


text: Human RXR alpha was significantly expressed in U937 and THP-1 cells, weakly expressed in H9 cells and not detectable in CEM cells .

text: Human

text: RXR

text: alpha

text: was

text: significantly

text: expressed

text: in

text: and

text: cells,

text: weakly

text: expressed

text: in

text: cells

text: and

text: not

text: detectable

text: in

text: CEM

text: cells


text: It has been known that RAG1-mediated transposition in vitro, both intermolecular and intramolecular, is most frequently accompanied by 5-bp TSDs [12,13].

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: known

text: that

text: transposition

text: in

text: vitro,

text: both

text: intermolecular

text: and

text: intramolecular,

text: is

text: most

text: frequently

text: accompanied

text: by

text: TSDs


text: Since these latter compounds were known to activate NF-kappa B translocation in a redox-sensitive way, we have demonstrated that NF-kappa B activation by PMA was resistant to antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and sensitive to kinase inhibitors staurosporine and H7 while activation by H2O2 or TNF-alpha were not .

text: Since

text: these

text: latter

text: compounds

text: were

text: known

text: to

text: activate

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: translocation

text: in

text: a

text: redox-sensitive

text: way,

text: we

text: have

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: NF-kappa

text: B

text: activation

text: by

text: PMA

text: was

text: resistant

text: to

text: antioxidant

text: N-acetyl-L-cysteine

text: (NAC)

text: and

text: sensitive

text: to

text: kinase

text: inhibitors

text: staurosporine

text: and

text: while

text: activation

text: by

text: or

text: TNF-alpha

text: were

text: not


text: We do not compare our predictions to this dataset because such a threshold of TP/FP > 1 does not correspond to a posterior odds threshold > 1 .

text: We

text: do

text: not

text: compare

text: our

text: predictions

text: to

text: this

text: dataset

text: because

text: such

text: a

text: threshold

text: of

text: TP/FP

text: does

text: not

text: correspond

text: to

text: a

text: posterior

text: odds

text: threshold


text: In striking contrast to the mouse Ig heavy-chain enhancer, in which the octamer motif acts as a B-cell-specific enhancer element, the human enhancer contains an octamerlike sequence with one base substitution which bound octamer-binding proteins with only very low affinity and showed no enhancer activity of its own .

text: In

text: striking

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: mouse

text: Ig

text: heavy-chain

text: enhancer,

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: octamer

text: motif

text: acts

text: as

text: a

text: B-cell-specific

text: enhancer

text: element,

text: the

text: human

text: enhancer

text: contains

text: an

text: octamerlike

text: sequence

text: with

text: one

text: base

text: substitution

text: which

text: bound

text: octamer-binding

text: proteins

text: with

text: only

text: very

text: low

text: affinity

text: and

text: showed

text: no

text: enhancer

text: activity

text: of

text: its

text: own


text: Oligonucleotides containing the consensus GRE were the most efficient competitors, and fragments containing regulatory sequences from glucocorticoid-repressible genes were somewhat competitive, whereas single stranded oligonucleotides were unable to compete for mouse mammary tumor virus-long terminal repeat DNA binding , except when competitor was present at extremely high concentrations.

text: Oligonucleotides

text: containing

text: the

text: consensus

text: GRE

text: were

text: the

text: most

text: efficient

text: competitors,

text: and

text: fragments

text: containing

text: regulatory

text: sequences

text: from

text: glucocorticoid-repressible

text: genes

text: were

text: somewhat

text: competitive,

text: whereas

text: single

text: stranded

text: oligonucleotides

text: were

text: unable

text: to

text: compete

text: for

text: mouse

text: mammary

text: tumor

text: virus-long

text: terminal

text: repeat

text: DNA

text: binding

text: except

text: when

text: competitor

text: was

text: present

text: at

text: extremely

text: high

text: concentrations.


text: This induction of monocytic differentiation was associated with transient increases in c-jun mRNA levels, which were maximal at 6 h.

text: This

text: induction

text: of

text: monocytic

text: differentiation

text: was

text: associated

text: with

text: transient

text: increases

text: in

text: c-jun

text: mRNA

text: levels,

text: which

text: were

text: maximal

text: at

text: h.


text: IkappaBalpha was degraded normally following stimulation in both normal controls and T cells from RCC patients.

text: IkappaBalpha

text: was

text: degraded

text: normally

text: following

text: stimulation

text: in

text: both

text: normal

text: controls

text: and

text: T

text: cells

text: from

text: RCC

text: patients.


text: Unexpectedly, the presence of nuclear I(kappa)B(alpha) did not inhibit NF-kappaB binding to DNA and this phenomenon was not due to the presence of IkappaBbeta at the nuclear level .

text: Unexpectedly,

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: nuclear

text: I(kappa)B(alpha)

text: did

text: not

text: inhibit

text: NF-kappaB

text: binding

text: to

text: DNA

text: and

text: this

text: phenomenon

text: was

text: not

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: IkappaBbeta

text: at

text: the

text: nuclear

text: level


text: Our investigation led us to compare the influence of different training sets on the prediction accuracy.

text: Our

text: investigation

text: led

text: us

text: to

text: compare

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: different

text: training

text: sets

text: on

text: the

text: prediction

text: accuracy.


text: MBP stimulated 2-fold increases in IL-8 messenger RNA (mRNA) after 1 and 3 h of incubation, which were blocked by pretreatment with actinomycin D.

text: MBP

text: stimulated

text: increases

text: in

text: messenger

text: RNA

text: (mRNA)

text: after

text: and

text: h

text: of

text: incubation,

text: which

text: were

text: blocked

text: by

text: pretreatment

text: with

text: actinomycin

text: D.


text: LPS-induced activation of NF-kappaB-responsive reporter gene was not inhibited by IL-1 receptor antagonist .

text: LPS-induced

text: activation

text: of

text: NF-kappaB-responsive

text: reporter

text: gene

text: was

text: not

text: inhibited

text: by

text: receptor

text: antagonist


text: High levels of Ser in dorsal cells activate N in trans in ventral cells and suppress N activation in cis in dorsal cells, whereas Fringe modifies N in dorsal cells such that dorsal cells located at the D-V boundary respond to Dl.

text: High

text: levels

text: of

text: Ser

text: in

text: dorsal

text: cells

text: activate

text: N

text: in

text: trans

text: in

text: ventral

text: cells

text: and

text: suppress

text: N

text: activation

text: in

text: cis

text: in

text: dorsal

text: cells,

text: whereas

text: Fringe

text: modifies

text: N

text: in

text: dorsal

text: cells

text: such

text: that

text: dorsal

text: cells

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: D-V

text: boundary

text: respond

text: to

text: Dl.


text: The three proteins encoded by these genes have no significant homology to any other known proteins except for a small stretch of similarity at the amino terminus that is shared by all three but no other known proteins .

text: The

text: three

text: proteins

text: encoded

text: by

text: these

text: genes

text: have

text: no

text: significant

text: homology

text: to

text: any

text: other

text: known

text: proteins

text: except

text: for

text: a

text: small

text: stretch

text: of

text: similarity

text: at

text: the

text: amino

text: terminus

text: that

text: is

text: shared

text: by

text: all

text: three

text: but

text: no

text: other

text: known

text: proteins


text: Finally, a novel positive regulatory element has been mapped in the IL-3 promoter between nucleotide -180 and -210 that leads to increased expression in T cells.

text: Finally,

text: a

text: novel

text: positive

text: regulatory

text: element

text: has

text: been

text: mapped

text: in

text: the

text: promoter

text: between

text: nucleotide

text: and

text: that

text: leads

text: to

text: increased

text: expression

text: in

text: T

text: cells.


text: Unknown candidates in the predicted clusters

text: Unknown

text: candidates

text: in

text: the

text: predicted

text: clusters


text: We observed no change in membrane structural order with RU 486 up to a concentration of 10(-4) M .

text: We

text: observed

text: no

text: change

text: in

text: membrane

text: structural

text: order

text: with

text: RU

text: up

text: to

text: a

text: concentration

text: of

text: M


text: Further insight into a possible mechanism for IAP function was recently gained when IAPs were observed to have ubiquitin ligase activity [51,52].

text: Further

text: insight

text: into

text: a

text: possible

text: mechanism

text: for

text: IAP

text: function

text: was

text: recently

text: gained

text: when

text: IAPs

text: were

text: observed

text: to

text: have

text: ubiquitin

text: ligase

text: activity


text: Using magnetic beads with attached DNA containing the Escherichia coli lac operator, fusion proteins comprising the DNA-binding lac repressor could be affinity-purified and recovered by gentle elution conditions, such as with a lactose analogue or by enzymatic means using either deoxyribonuclease (DNase) or restriction endonucleases .

text: Using

text: magnetic

text: beads

text: with

text: attached

text: DNA

text: containing

text: the

text: Escherichia

text: coli

text: lac

text: operator,

text: fusion

text: proteins

text: comprising

text: the

text: DNA-binding

text: lac

text: repressor

text: could

text: be

text: affinity-purified

text: and

text: recovered

text: by

text: gentle

text: elution

text: conditions,

text: such

text: as

text: with

text: a

text: lactose

text: analogue

text: or

text: by

text: enzymatic

text: means

text: using

text: either

text: deoxyribonuclease

text: (DNase)

text: or

text: restriction

text: endonucleases


text: Accessory molecules play a crucial role in the development of the T cell response to antigenic challenge.

text: Accessory

text: molecules

text: play

text: a

text: crucial

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: T

text: cell

text: response

text: to

text: antigenic

text: challenge.


text: Aging is classically accompanied by a dysregulation of the immunologic machinery.

text: Aging

text: is

text: classically

text: accompanied

text: by

text: a

text: dysregulation

text: of

text: the

text: immunologic

text: machinery.


text: A similar process of hemocyte differentiation and release from the lymph glands normally takes place at the onset of metamorphosis, when pupal macrophages remove histolyzing tissues.

text: A

text: similar

text: process

text: of

text: hemocyte

text: differentiation

text: and

text: release

text: from

text: the

text: lymph

text: glands

text: normally

text: takes

text: place

text: at

text: the

text: onset

text: of

text: metamorphosis,

text: when

text: pupal

text: macrophages

text: remove

text: histolyzing

text: tissues.


text: Finally, recombinant GHF-1 interacted directly with c-Jun but not c-Fos proteins .

text: Finally,

text: recombinant

text: interacted

text: directly

text: with

text: c-Jun

text: but

text: not

text: c-Fos

text: proteins


text: In addition, competitive single-cell RT-PCR was used to assay CD34 mRNA transcripts in sibling CD34(+) CD38(-) cells differentiating in unilineage erythroid cultures: this analysis allowed us to semiquantitate the gradual downmodulation of CD34 mRNA from progenitor cells through their differentiating erythroid progeny.

text: In

text: addition,

text: competitive

text: single-cell

text: RT-PCR

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: assay

text: mRNA

text: transcripts

text: in

text: sibling

text: cells

text: differentiating

text: in

text: unilineage

text: erythroid

text: cultures:

text: this

text: analysis

text: allowed

text: us

text: to

text: semiquantitate

text: the

text: gradual

text: downmodulation

text: of

text: mRNA

text: from

text: progenitor

text: cells

text: through

text: their

text: differentiating

text: erythroid

text: progeny.


text: Engagement of surface immunoglobulin on mature B cells leads to rescue from apoptosis and to proliferation.

text: Engagement

text: of

text: surface

text: immunoglobulin

text: on

text: mature

text: B

text: cells

text: leads

text: to

text: rescue

text: from

text: apoptosis

text: and

text: to

text: proliferation.


text: (a) Average and standard error of sensitivity and PPV for each program on all 78 regulons

text: (a)

text: Average

text: and

text: standard

text: error

text: of

text: sensitivity

text: and

text: PPV

text: for

text: each

text: program

text: on

text: all

text: regulons


text: Thus, these experiments demonstrate that EBNA2 interacts with an EBNA2 responsive cis-element of the TP1 promoter.

text: Thus,

text: these

text: experiments

text: demonstrate

text: that

text: interacts

text: with

text: an

text: responsive

text: cis-element

text: of

text: the

text: promoter.


text: Immunoblot analysis showed that the p50 subunit was constitutively expressed in monocytes and MDMs.

text: Immunoblot

text: analysis

text: showed

text: that

text: the

text: subunit

text: was

text: constitutively

text: expressed

text: in

text: monocytes

text: and

text: MDMs.


text: However, it remains unclear how this viral protein induces a persistent rather than transient NF-kappaB response .

text: However,

text: it

text: remains

text: unclear

text: how

text: this

text: viral

text: protein

text: induces

text: a

text: persistent

text: rather

text: than

text: transient

text: NF-kappaB

text: response


text: HeLa cells stably or transiently transfected with mutant CIITA constructs showed up to 99% suppression of MHC class II antigen induction by IFN-gamma and marked suppression of HLA-DRA mRNA expression.

text: HeLa

text: cells

text: stably

text: or

text: transiently

text: transfected

text: with

text: mutant

text: CIITA

text: constructs

text: showed

text: up

text: to

text: suppression

text: of

text: MHC

text: class

text: II

text: antigen

text: induction

text: by

text: IFN-gamma

text: and

text: marked

text: suppression

text: of

text: HLA-DRA

text: mRNA

text: expression.


text: RNA from control resting cells contained low to undetectable levels of c-jun, fibronectin receptor, and actin mRNA.

text: RNA

text: from

text: control

text: resting

text: cells

text: contained

text: low

text: to

text: undetectable

text: levels

text: of

text: c-jun,

text: fibronectin

text: receptor,

text: and

text: actin

text: mRNA.


text: While inducing CD14 expression, VitD3 concomitantly suppressed the basal, PMA-, and RA-inducible CD23 expression in a dose-dependent manner.

text: While

text: inducing

text: expression,

text: concomitantly

text: suppressed

text: the

text: basal,

text: PMA-,

text: and

text: RA-inducible

text: expression

text: in

text: a

text: dose-dependent

text: manner.


text: We conclude that fetal nucleated blood cells constitutively express important genes for cytokine regulation and are able to increase intracellular accumulation of the mRNAs for these factors in response to anti-CD3 stimulation.

text: We

text: conclude

text: that

text: fetal

text: nucleated

text: blood

text: cells

text: constitutively

text: express

text: important

text: genes

text: for

text: cytokine

text: regulation

text: and

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: increase

text: intracellular

text: accumulation

text: of

text: the

text: mRNAs

text: for

text: these

text: factors

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: stimulation.


text: These data shed light on the biochemical and molecular mechanisms regulating human granulocyte apoptosis and, in particular, indicate that the transcription factor NF-kappaB plays a crucial role in regulating the physiological cell death pathway in granulocytes .

text: These

text: data

text: shed

text: light

text: on

text: the

text: biochemical

text: and

text: molecular

text: mechanisms

text: regulating

text: human

text: granulocyte

text: apoptosis

text: and,

text: in

text: particular,

text: indicate

text: that

text: the

text: transcription

text: factor

text: NF-kappaB

text: plays

text: a

text: crucial

text: role

text: in

text: regulating

text: the

text: physiological

text: cell

text: death

text: pathway

text: in

text: granulocytes


text: IL-1 signaling is commonly accompanied by oxidative processes and is thought to be subject to redox regulation .

text: signaling

text: is

text: commonly

text: accompanied

text: by

text: oxidative

text: processes

text: and

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: subject

text: to

text: redox

text: regulation


text: The type I interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) is capable of transducing a signal resulting in promoter activation in T cells.

text: The

text: type

text: I

text: receptor

text: is

text: capable

text: of

text: transducing

text: a

text: signal

text: resulting

text: in

text: promoter

text: activation

text: in

text: T

text: cells.


text: In this study, we examined seven EBV-positive gastric carcinoma tissues for viral gene expression at the mRNA level, from which studies on the EBV oncogenicity in human epithelial cells will benefit.

text: In

text: this

text: study,

text: we

text: examined

text: seven

text: EBV-positive

text: gastric

text: carcinoma

text: tissues

text: for

text: viral

text: gene

text: expression

text: at

text: the

text: mRNA

text: level,

text: from

text: which

text: studies

text: on

text: the

text: EBV

text: oncogenicity

text: in

text: human

text: epithelial

text: cells

text: will

text: benefit.


text: the induced p53 was transcriptionally active.

text: the

text: induced

text: was

text: transcriptionally

text: active.


text: This result implies that development of anti-E. chaffeensis antibody in patients can result in the production of major proinflammatory cytokines, which may play an important role in the pathophysiology of ehrlichiosis and immune responses to it .

text: This

text: result

text: implies

text: that

text: development

text: of

text: anti-E.

text: chaffeensis

text: antibody

text: in

text: patients

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: major

text: proinflammatory

text: cytokines,

text: which

text: may

text: play

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: pathophysiology

text: of

text: ehrlichiosis

text: and

text: immune

text: responses

text: to

text: it


text: Two pyrrole-imidazole polyamides were designed to bind DNA sequences immediately adjacent to binding sites for the transcription factors Ets-1, lymphoid-enhancer binding factor 1, and TATA-box binding protein.

text: Two

text: pyrrole-imidazole

text: polyamides

text: were

text: designed

text: to

text: bind

text: DNA

text: sequences

text: immediately

text: adjacent

text: to

text: binding

text: sites

text: for

text: the

text: transcription

text: factors

text: lymphoid-enhancer

text: binding

text: factor

text: and

text: TATA-box

text: binding

text: protein.


text: An upstream segment contains tandem dinucleotide repeats (CT)19/(CA)16.

text: An

text: upstream

text: segment

text: contains

text: tandem

text: dinucleotide

text: repeats


text: An autocrine mechanism of growth could be hypothesized only for the 2 patients whose cells expressed both the M-CSF and FMS genes .

text: An

text: autocrine

text: mechanism

text: of

text: growth

text: could

text: be

text: hypothesized

text: only

text: for

text: the

text: patients

text: whose

text: cells

text: expressed

text: both

text: the

text: M-CSF

text: and

text: FMS

text: genes


text: The precocious metamorphic changes that appear to occur in response to elevated adenosine in the adgf-a mutant larvae lead to the suggestion that adenosine may act as a regulatory signal for these processes during normal development .

text: The

text: precocious

text: metamorphic

text: changes

text: that

text: appear

text: to

text: occur

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: elevated

text: adenosine

text: in

text: the

text: adgf-a

text: mutant

text: larvae

text: lead

text: to

text: the

text: suggestion

text: that

text: adenosine

text: may

text: act

text: as

text: a

text: regulatory

text: signal

text: for

text: these

text: processes

text: during

text: normal

text: development


text: The maintenance of lymphocyte homeostasis by apoptosis is a critical regulatory mechanism in the normal immune system.

text: The

text: maintenance

text: of

text: lymphocyte

text: homeostasis

text: by

text: apoptosis

text: is

text: a

text: critical

text: regulatory

text: mechanism

text: in

text: the

text: normal

text: immune

text: system.


text: Interestingly, treatment of purified HIV-TF1 by phosphatase greatly reduced its DNA-binding activity, suggesting that phosphorylation of HIV-TF1 was essential for DNA binding .

text: Interestingly,

text: treatment

text: of

text: purified

text: by

text: phosphatase

text: greatly

text: reduced

text: its

text: DNA-binding

text: activity,

text: suggesting

text: that

text: phosphorylation

text: of

text: was

text: essential

text: for

text: DNA

text: binding


text: Site-directed mutagenesis of these cis elements demonstrated that Cp activity is highly dependent on the presence of a properly positioned CCAAT box, with the dependence on the distal CCAAT box apparent only when the proximal CCAAT box was deleted or mutated.

text: Site-directed

text: mutagenesis

text: of

text: these

text: cis

text: elements

text: demonstrated

text: that

text: Cp

text: activity

text: is

text: highly

text: dependent

text: on

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: a

text: properly

text: positioned

text: CCAAT

text: box,

text: with

text: the

text: dependence

text: on

text: the

text: distal

text: CCAAT

text: box

text: apparent

text: only

text: when

text: the

text: proximal

text: CCAAT

text: box

text: was

text: deleted

text: or

text: mutated.


text: Previously, the “RAG transposon” hypothesis was open to challenge by alternative models of convergent evolution.

text: Previously,

text: the

text: “RAG

text: transposon”

text: hypothesis

text: was

text: open

text: to

text: challenge

text: by

text: alternative

text: models

text: of

text: convergent

text: evolution.