






import math

def    UpperCamelCase						(	_A,   _A			):






						"""simple docstring"""







						if initial_intensity < 0:
												raise ValueError("""The value of intensity cannot be negative"""			)
												# handling of negative values of initial intensity
						if angle < 0 or angle > 360:
												raise ValueError("""In Malus Law, the angle is in the range 0-360 degrees"""			)
												# handling of values out of allowed range
						return initial_intensity * (math.cos(math.radians(_A			)			) ** 2)


if __name__ == "__main__":
		import doctest

		doctest.testmod(name="malus_law")








def    UpperCamelCase						(	_A			):






						"""simple docstring"""







						if not isinstance(_A,   _A			) or number < 0:
												raise ValueError("""Input must be a non-negative integer"""			)

						__magic_name__      :       str       						= 0
						while number:
												# This way we arrive at next set bit (next 1) instead of looping
												# through each bit and checking for 1s hence the
												# loop won't run 32 times it will only run the number of `1` times
												number &= number - 1
												count += 1
						return count


if __name__ == "__main__":
		import doctest

		doctest.testmod()
