"""simple docstring"""
import math





def 				lowerCAmelCase__      (     _UpperCamelCase    :			Tuple	,     _UpperCamelCase    :			Union[str, Any]   )   ->			Optional[Any]:





						"""simple docstring"""






						return math.pow(_UpperCamelCase	,     2   ) - a





def 				lowerCAmelCase__      (     _UpperCamelCase    :			Optional[int]   )   ->			str:





						"""simple docstring"""






						return 2 * x





def 				lowerCAmelCase__      (     _UpperCamelCase    :			str   )   ->			Optional[Any]:





						"""simple docstring"""






						snake_case        =     2.0

						while start <= a:
												snake_case        =     math.pow(_UpperCamelCase	,     2   )

						return start





def 				lowerCAmelCase__      (     _UpperCamelCase    :			Dict	,     _UpperCamelCase    :			Dict = 9_9_9_9	,     _UpperCamelCase    :			List[Any] = 0.00_00_00_00_00_00_01   )   ->			Optional[Any]:





						"""simple docstring"""






						if a < 0:
												raise ValueError('math domain error'   )

						snake_case        =     get_initial_point(_UpperCamelCase   )

						for _ in range(_UpperCamelCase   ):
												snake_case        =     value
												snake_case        =     value - fx(_UpperCamelCase	,     _UpperCamelCase   ) / fx_derivative(_UpperCamelCase   )
												if abs(prev_value - value   ) < tolerance:
																		return value

						return value


if __name__ == "__main__":
					from doctest import testmod

					testmod()



"""simple docstring"""
from __future__ import annotations

from typing import Any



class 					lowerCAmelCase_      (     lowerCAmelCase   ):



				"""simple docstring"""
				pass





class 					lowerCAmelCase_      :



				"""simple docstring"""

				def __init__(			self						,      lowerCAmelCase      ):






										"""simple docstring"""

										snake_case        =     data
										snake_case        =     None

				def __iter__(			self      ):






										"""simple docstring"""

										snake_case        =     self
										snake_case        =     []
										while node:
																if node in visited:
																						raise ContainsLoopError
																visited.append(lowerCAmelCase      )
																yield node.data
																snake_case        =     node.next_node

				@property
				def 						snake_case	(			self      ):






										"""simple docstring"""

										try:
																list(self      )
																return False
										except ContainsLoopError:
																return True


if __name__ == "__main__":
					SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   =					Node(1)
					SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   =					Node(2)
					SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   =					Node(3)
					SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   =					Node(4)
					print(root_node.has_loop)  # False
					SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   =					root_node.next_node
					print(root_node.has_loop)  # True

					SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   =					Node(5)
					SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   =					Node(6)
					SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   =					Node(5)
					SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   =					Node(6)
					print(root_node.has_loop)  # False

					SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE__   =					Node(1)
					print(root_node.has_loop)  # False


