




"""simple docstring"""


from __future__ import annotations

from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator
from dataclasses import dataclass

A_      =    (3, 9, -11, 0, 7, 5, 1, -1)
A_      =    (4, 6, 2, 0, 8, 10, 3, -2)





@dataclass
class  lowercase:







 '''simple docstring'''





 lowercase__			 = 42
 lowercase__			 = 42







class  lowercase:







 '''simple docstring'''





 def __init__(    self:		Union[str, Any],				a_:		Iterable[int]		):




   '''simple docstring'''



   _snake_case							:		Node | None								=  None
   for i in sorted(a_,				reverse=a_		):
     _snake_case							:		Any								=  Node(a_,				self.head		)


 def __iter__(    self:		str		):




   '''simple docstring'''



   _snake_case							:		Optional[Any]								=  self.head
   while node:
     yield node.data
     _snake_case							:		Any								=  node.next_node


 def __len__(    self:		Optional[int]		):




   '''simple docstring'''



   return sum(1 for _ in self		)


 def __str__(    self:		str		):




   '''simple docstring'''



   return " -> ".join([str(a_		) for node in self]		)







def  UpperCAmelCase__	(snake_case__							: SortedLinkedList		,       snake_case__							: SortedLinkedList   ):
  """simple docstring"""

  return SortedLinkedList(list(snake_case__   ) + list(snake_case__   )   )


if __name__ == "__main__":
     import doctest

     doctest.testmod()
     A_      =    SortedLinkedList
     print(merge_lists(SSL(test_data_odd), SSL(test_data_even)))








"""simple docstring"""


from __future__ import annotations

from math import gcd


def  UpperCAmelCase__	(snake_case__							: int		,       snake_case__							: int = 2		,       snake_case__							: int = 1		,       snake_case__							: int = 3		,       ):
  """simple docstring"""

  if num < 2:
    raise ValueError("""The input value cannot be less than 2"""   )

  # Because of the relationship between ``f(f(x))`` and ``f(x)``, this
  # algorithm struggles to find factors that are divisible by two.
  # As a workaround, we specifically check for two and even inputs.
  #   See: https://math.stackexchange.com/a/2856214/165820
  if num > 2 and num % 2 == 0:
    return 2

  # Pollard's Rho algorithm requires a function that returns pseudorandom
  # values between 0 <= X < ``num``.  It doesn't need to be random in the
  # sense that the output value is cryptographically secure or difficult
  # to calculate, it only needs to be random in the sense that all output
  # values should be equally likely to appear.
  # For this reason, Pollard suggested using ``f(x) = (x**2 - 1) % num``
  # However, the success of Pollard's algorithm isn't guaranteed and is
  # determined in part by the initial seed and the chosen random function.
  # To make retries easier, we will instead use ``f(x) = (x**2 + C) % num``
  # where ``C`` is a value that we can modify between each attempt.
  def rand_fn(snake_case__							: int		,       snake_case__							: int		,       snake_case__							: int   ) -> int:
    return (pow(snake_case__		,       2   ) + step) % modulus

  for _ in range(snake_case__   ):
    # These track the position within the cycle detection logic.
    _snake_case							:		Optional[int]								=  seed
    _snake_case							:		str								=  seed

    while True:
      # At each iteration, the tortoise moves one step and the hare moves two.
      _snake_case							:		Any								=  rand_fn(snake_case__		,       snake_case__		,       snake_case__   )
      _snake_case							:		Optional[Any]								=  rand_fn(snake_case__		,       snake_case__		,       snake_case__   )
      _snake_case							:		int								=  rand_fn(snake_case__		,       snake_case__		,       snake_case__   )

      # At some point both the tortoise and the hare will enter a cycle whose
      # length ``p`` is a divisor of ``num``.  Once in that cycle, at some point
      # the tortoise and hare will end up on the same value modulo ``p``.
      # We can detect when this happens because the position difference between
      # the tortoise and the hare will share a common divisor with ``num``.
      _snake_case							:		str								=  gcd(hare - tortoise		,       snake_case__   )

      if divisor == 1:
        # No common divisor yet, just keep searching.
        continue
      else:
        # We found a common divisor!
        if divisor == num:
          # Unfortunately, the divisor is ``num`` itself and is useless.
          break
        else:
          # The divisor is a nontrivial factor of ``num``!
          return divisor

        # If we made it here, then this attempt failed.
        # We need to pick a new starting seed for the tortoise and hare
        # in addition to a new step value for the random function.
        # To keep this example implementation deterministic, the
        # new values will be generated based on currently available
        # values instead of using something like ``random.randint``.

        # We can use the hare's position as the new seed.
        # This is actually what Richard Brent's the "optimized" variant does.
    _snake_case							:		Union[str, Any]								=  hare

    # The new step value for the random function can just be incremented.
    # At first the results will be similar to what the old function would
    # have produced, but the value will quickly diverge after a bit.
    step += 1

  # We haven't found a divisor within the requested number of attempts.
  # We were unlucky or ``num`` itself is actually prime.
  return None


if __name__ == "__main__":
     import argparse

     A_      =    argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument(
         '''num''',
         type=int,
         help='''The value to find a divisor of''',
     )
     parser.add_argument(
         '''--attempts''',
         type=int,
         default=3,
         help='''The number of attempts before giving up''',
     )
     A_      =    parser.parse_args()

     A_      =    pollard_rho(args.num, attempts=args.attempts)
     if divisor is None:
          print(F'''{args.num} is probably prime''')
     else:
          A_      =    args.num // divisor
          print(F'''{args.num} = {divisor} * {quotient}''')


