

import datetime
import platform
import subprocess
from typing import Optional, Tuple, Union

import numpy as np

def       a__					(		UpperCAmelCase							:      bytes    ,			UpperCAmelCase							:      int      )  ->						np.array:
		UpperCAmelCase	:							Optional[Any]						=			f'''{sampling_rate}'''
		UpperCAmelCase	:							List[Any]						=			'''1'''
		UpperCAmelCase	:							Optional[Any]						=			'''f32le'''
		UpperCAmelCase	:							List[Any]						=			[
		    '''ffmpeg''',
		    '''-i''',
		    '''pipe:0''',
		    '''-ac''',
		    ac,
		    '''-ar''',
		    ar,
		    '''-f''',
		    format_for_conversion,
		    '''-hide_banner''',
		    '''-loglevel''',
		    '''quiet''',
		    '''pipe:1''',
		]

		try:
				with subprocess.Popen(UpperCAmelCase    ,			stdin=subprocess.PIPE    ,			stdout=subprocess.PIPE      ) as ffmpeg_process:
						UpperCAmelCase	:							Dict						=			ffmpeg_process.communicate(UpperCAmelCase      )
		except FileNotFoundError as error:
				raise ValueError('''ffmpeg was not found but is required to load audio files from filename'''      ) from error
		UpperCAmelCase	:							Optional[int]						=			output_stream[0]
		UpperCAmelCase	:							Tuple						=			np.frombuffer(UpperCAmelCase    ,			np.floataa      )
		if audio.shape[0] == 0:
				raise ValueError('''Malformed soundfile'''      )
		return audio

def       a__					(		UpperCAmelCase							:      int    ,			UpperCAmelCase							:      float    ,			UpperCAmelCase							:      str = "f32le"    ,			)  ->						List[str]:
		UpperCAmelCase	:							Tuple						=			f'''{sampling_rate}'''
		UpperCAmelCase	:							Optional[int]						=			'''1'''
		if format_for_conversion == "s16le":
				UpperCAmelCase	:							Optional[Any]						=			2
		elif format_for_conversion == "f32le":
				UpperCAmelCase	:							List[str]						=			4
		else:
				raise ValueError(f'''Unhandled format `{format_for_conversion}`. Please use `s16le` or `f32le`'''      )

		UpperCAmelCase	:							int						=			platform.system()
		if system == "Linux":
				UpperCAmelCase	:							Any						=			'''alsa'''
				UpperCAmelCase	:							Tuple						=			'''default'''
		elif system == "Darwin":
				UpperCAmelCase	:							Optional[int]						=			'''avfoundation'''
				UpperCAmelCase	:							Tuple						=			''':0'''
		elif system == "Windows":
				UpperCAmelCase	:							List[str]						=			'''dshow'''
				UpperCAmelCase	:							Tuple						=			'''default'''

		UpperCAmelCase	:							Union[str, Any]						=			[
		    '''ffmpeg''',
		    '''-f''',
		    format_,
		    '''-i''',
		    input_,
		    '''-ac''',
		    ac,
		    '''-ar''',
		    ar,
		    '''-f''',
		    format_for_conversion,
		    '''-fflags''',
		    '''nobuffer''',
		    '''-hide_banner''',
		    '''-loglevel''',
		    '''quiet''',
		    '''pipe:1''',
		]
		UpperCAmelCase	:							Union[str, Any]						=			int(round(sampling_rate * chunk_length_s      )      ) * size_of_sample
		UpperCAmelCase	:							Dict						=			_ffmpeg_stream(UpperCAmelCase    ,			UpperCAmelCase      )
		for item in iterator:
				yield item

def       a__					(		UpperCAmelCase							:      int    ,			UpperCAmelCase							:      float    ,			UpperCAmelCase							:      Optional[int] = None    ,			UpperCAmelCase							:      Optional[Union[Tuple[float, float], float]] = None    ,			UpperCAmelCase							:      str = "f32le"    ,			)  ->						Union[str, Any]:
		if stream_chunk_s is not None:
				UpperCAmelCase	:							List[str]						=			stream_chunk_s
		else:
				UpperCAmelCase	:							List[Any]						=			chunk_length_s

		UpperCAmelCase	:							Union[str, Any]						=			ffmpeg_microphone(UpperCAmelCase    ,			UpperCAmelCase    ,			format_for_conversion=UpperCAmelCase      )
		if format_for_conversion == "s16le":
				UpperCAmelCase	:							Any						=			np.intaa
				UpperCAmelCase	:							str						=			2
		elif format_for_conversion == "f32le":
				UpperCAmelCase	:							Any						=			np.floataa
				UpperCAmelCase	:							int						=			4
		else:
				raise ValueError(f'''Unhandled format `{format_for_conversion}`. Please use `s16le` or `f32le`'''      )

		if stride_length_s is None:
				UpperCAmelCase	:							Tuple						=			chunk_length_s / 6
		UpperCAmelCase	:							Dict						=			int(round(sampling_rate * chunk_length_s      )      ) * size_of_sample
		if isinstance(UpperCAmelCase    ,			(int, float)      ):
				UpperCAmelCase	:							str						=			[stride_length_s, stride_length_s]

		UpperCAmelCase	:							Dict						=			int(round(sampling_rate * stride_length_s[0]      )      ) * size_of_sample
		UpperCAmelCase	:							Optional[Any]						=			int(round(sampling_rate * stride_length_s[1]      )      ) * size_of_sample
		UpperCAmelCase	:							str						=			datetime.datetime.now()
		UpperCAmelCase	:							List[str]						=			datetime.timedelta(seconds=UpperCAmelCase      )
		for item in chunk_bytes_iter(UpperCAmelCase    ,			UpperCAmelCase    ,			stride=(stride_left, stride_right)    ,			stream=UpperCAmelCase      ):
				# Put everything back in numpy scale
				UpperCAmelCase	:							Optional[int]						=			np.frombuffer(item['''raw''']    ,			dtype=UpperCAmelCase      )
				UpperCAmelCase	:							Optional[int]						=			(
				    item['''stride'''][0] // size_of_sample,
				    item['''stride'''][1] // size_of_sample,
				)
				UpperCAmelCase	:							Union[str, Any]						=			sampling_rate
				audio_time += delta
				if datetime.datetime.now() > audio_time + 10 * delta:
						# We're late !! SKIP
						continue
				yield item

def       a__					(		UpperCAmelCase							:      List[str]    ,			UpperCAmelCase							:      int    ,			UpperCAmelCase							:      Tuple[int, int]    ,			UpperCAmelCase							:      bool = False      )  ->						Tuple:
		UpperCAmelCase	:							Dict						=			b''''''
		UpperCAmelCase	:							Dict						=			stride
		if stride_left + stride_right >= chunk_len:
				raise ValueError(
				    f'''Stride needs to be strictly smaller than chunk_len: ({stride_left}, {stride_right}) vs {chunk_len}'''      )
		UpperCAmelCase	:							Optional[Any]						=			0
		for raw in iterator:
				acc += raw
				if stream and len(UpperCAmelCase      ) < chunk_len:
						UpperCAmelCase	:							Dict						=			(_stride_left, 0)
						yield {"raw": acc[:chunk_len], "stride": stride, "partial": True}
				else:
						while len(UpperCAmelCase      ) >= chunk_len:
								# We are flushing the accumulator
								UpperCAmelCase	:							Dict						=			(_stride_left, stride_right)
								UpperCAmelCase	:							Dict						=			{'''raw''': acc[:chunk_len], '''stride''': stride}
								if stream:
										UpperCAmelCase	:							List[str]						=			False
								yield item
								UpperCAmelCase	:							List[str]						=			stride_left
								UpperCAmelCase	:							Union[str, Any]						=			acc[chunk_len - stride_left - stride_right :]
				# Last chunk
		if len(UpperCAmelCase      ) > stride_left:
				UpperCAmelCase	:							Union[str, Any]						=			{'''raw''': acc, '''stride''': (_stride_left, 0)}
				if stream:
						UpperCAmelCase	:							List[Any]						=			False
				yield item






def       a__					(		UpperCAmelCase							:      Optional[int]    ,			UpperCAmelCase							:      int      )  ->						Dict:
		UpperCAmelCase	:							Tuple						=			2**24  # 16Mo
		try:
				with subprocess.Popen(UpperCAmelCase    ,			stdout=subprocess.PIPE    ,			bufsize=UpperCAmelCase      ) as ffmpeg_process:
						while True:
								UpperCAmelCase	:							int						=			ffmpeg_process.stdout.read(UpperCAmelCase      )
								if raw == b"":
										break
								yield raw
		except FileNotFoundError as error:
				raise ValueError('''ffmpeg was not found but is required to stream audio files from filename'''      ) from error








from __future__ import annotations

import queue





class  __UpperCAmelCase					:



   def __init__(							self							:					str,		__A							:					Union[str, Any]						):
     UpperCAmelCase	:							Dict						=			data
     UpperCAmelCase	:							Tuple						=			None
     UpperCAmelCase	:							Any						=			None






def       a__					(		)  ->						TreeNode:
  print('''\n********Press N to stop entering at any point of time********\n'''      )
  UpperCAmelCase	:							Any						=			input('''Enter the value of the root node: '''      ).strip().lower()
  UpperCAmelCase	:							queue.Queue						=			queue.Queue()
  UpperCAmelCase	:							Tuple						=			TreeNode(int(UpperCAmelCase      )      )
  q.put(UpperCAmelCase      )
  while not q.empty():
    UpperCAmelCase	:							int						=			q.get()
    UpperCAmelCase	:							Union[str, Any]						=			f'''Enter the left node of {node_found.data}: '''
    UpperCAmelCase	:							List[Any]						=			input(UpperCAmelCase      ).strip().lower() or '''n'''
    if check == "n":
      return tree_node
    UpperCAmelCase	:							List[str]						=			TreeNode(int(UpperCAmelCase      )      )
    UpperCAmelCase	:							List[str]						=			left_node
    q.put(UpperCAmelCase      )
    UpperCAmelCase	:							List[Any]						=			f'''Enter the right node of {node_found.data}: '''
    UpperCAmelCase	:							List[Any]						=			input(UpperCAmelCase      ).strip().lower() or '''n'''
    if check == "n":
      return tree_node
    UpperCAmelCase	:							Dict						=			TreeNode(int(UpperCAmelCase      )      )
    UpperCAmelCase	:							Dict						=			right_node
    q.put(UpperCAmelCase      )
  raise

def       a__					(		UpperCAmelCase							:      TreeNode      )  ->						None:
  if not isinstance(UpperCAmelCase    ,			UpperCAmelCase      ) or not node:
    return
  print(node.data    ,			end=''','''      )
  pre_order(node.left      )
  pre_order(node.right      )

def       a__					(		UpperCAmelCase							:      TreeNode      )  ->						None:
  if not isinstance(UpperCAmelCase    ,			UpperCAmelCase      ) or not node:
    return
  in_order(node.left      )
  print(node.data    ,			end=''','''      )
  in_order(node.right      )

def       a__					(		UpperCAmelCase							:      TreeNode      )  ->						None:
  if not isinstance(UpperCAmelCase    ,			UpperCAmelCase      ) or not node:
    return
  post_order(node.left      )
  post_order(node.right      )
  print(node.data    ,			end=''','''      )

def       a__					(		UpperCAmelCase							:      TreeNode      )  ->						None:
  if not isinstance(UpperCAmelCase    ,			UpperCAmelCase      ) or not node:
    return
  UpperCAmelCase	:							queue.Queue						=			queue.Queue()
  q.put(UpperCAmelCase      )
  while not q.empty():
    UpperCAmelCase	:							List[Any]						=			q.get()
    print(node_dequeued.data    ,			end=''','''      )
    if node_dequeued.left:
      q.put(node_dequeued.left      )
    if node_dequeued.right:
      q.put(node_dequeued.right      )

def       a__					(		UpperCAmelCase							:      TreeNode      )  ->						None:
  if not isinstance(UpperCAmelCase    ,			UpperCAmelCase      ) or not node:
    return
  UpperCAmelCase	:							queue.Queue						=			queue.Queue()
  q.put(UpperCAmelCase      )
  while not q.empty():
    UpperCAmelCase	:							int						=			[]
    while not q.empty():
      UpperCAmelCase	:							List[str]						=			q.get()
      print(node_dequeued.data    ,			end=''','''      )
      if node_dequeued.left:
        list_.append(node_dequeued.left      )
      if node_dequeued.right:
        list_.append(node_dequeued.right      )
    print()
    for node in list_:
      q.put(UpperCAmelCase      )

def       a__					(		UpperCAmelCase							:      TreeNode      )  ->						None:
  if not isinstance(UpperCAmelCase    ,			UpperCAmelCase      ) or not node:
    return
  UpperCAmelCase	:							list[TreeNode]						=			[]
  UpperCAmelCase	:							List[str]						=			node
  while n or stack:
    while n:  # start from root node, find its left child
      print(n.data    ,			end=''','''      )
      stack.append(UpperCAmelCase      )
      UpperCAmelCase	:							Dict						=			n.left
    # end of while means current node doesn't have left child
    UpperCAmelCase	:							Union[str, Any]						=			stack.pop()
    # start to traverse its right child
    UpperCAmelCase	:							List[str]						=			n.right

def       a__					(		UpperCAmelCase							:      TreeNode      )  ->						None:
  if not isinstance(UpperCAmelCase    ,			UpperCAmelCase      ) or not node:
    return
  UpperCAmelCase	:							list[TreeNode]						=			[]
  UpperCAmelCase	:							Any						=			node
  while n or stack:
    while n:
      stack.append(UpperCAmelCase      )
      UpperCAmelCase	:							Dict						=			n.left
    UpperCAmelCase	:							Optional[int]						=			stack.pop()
    print(n.data    ,			end=''','''      )
    UpperCAmelCase	:							Any						=			n.right

def       a__					(		UpperCAmelCase							:      TreeNode      )  ->						None:
  if not isinstance(UpperCAmelCase    ,			UpperCAmelCase      ) or not node:
    return
  UpperCAmelCase			,						UpperCAmelCase	:							Dict						=			[], []
  UpperCAmelCase	:							Any						=			node
  stacka.append(UpperCAmelCase      )
  while stacka:  # to find the reversed order of post order, store it in stack2
    UpperCAmelCase	:							Union[str, Any]						=			stacka.pop()
    if n.left:
      stacka.append(n.left      )
    if n.right:
      stacka.append(n.right      )
    stacka.append(UpperCAmelCase      )
  while stacka:  # pop up from stack2 will be the post order
    print(stacka.pop().data    ,			end=''','''      )

def       a__					(		UpperCAmelCase							:      str = ""    ,			UpperCAmelCase							:      int=50    ,			UpperCAmelCase							:      Union[str, Any]="*"      )  ->						str:
  if not s:
    return "\n" + width * char
  UpperCAmelCase			,						UpperCAmelCase	:							int						=			divmod(width - len(UpperCAmelCase      ) - 2    ,			2      )
  return f'''{left * char} {s} {(left + extra) * char}'''


if __name__ == "__main__":
     import doctest

     doctest.testmod()
     print(prompt("Binary Tree Traversals"))

     _lowerCamelCase    :       TreeNode        =							build_tree()
     print(prompt("Pre Order Traversal"))
     pre_order(node)
     print(prompt() + "\n")

     print(prompt("In Order Traversal"))
     in_order(node)
     print(prompt() + "\n")

     print(prompt("Post Order Traversal"))
     post_order(node)
     print(prompt() + "\n")

     print(prompt("Level Order Traversal"))
     level_order(node)
     print(prompt() + "\n")

     print(prompt("Actual Level Order Traversal"))
     level_order_actual(node)
     print("*" * 5_0 + "\n")

     print(prompt("Pre Order Traversal - Iteration Version"))
     pre_order_iter(node)
     print(prompt() + "\n")

     print(prompt("In Order Traversal - Iteration Version"))
     in_order_iter(node)
     print(prompt() + "\n")

     print(prompt("Post Order Traversal - Iteration Version"))
     post_order_iter(node)
     print(prompt())





