Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl create -f ./compute-resources.yaml --namespace=myspace

Response: This bash code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

cat <<EOF > object-counts.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: object-counts
spec:
  hard:

Response:
    configmaps: "10"
    persistentvolumeclaims: "4"
    pods: "4"
    replicationcontrollers: "20"
    secrets: "10"
    services: "10"
    services.loadbalancers: "2"
EOF

Context: Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

cat <<EOF > object-counts.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: object-counts
spec:
  hard:
    configmaps: "10"
    persistentvolumeclaims: "4"
    pods: "4"
    replicationcontrollers: "20"
    secrets: "10"
    services: "10"
    services.loadbalancers: "2"
EOF

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl create -f ./object-counts.yaml --namespace=myspace

Response: This bash code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                    AGE
compute-resources       30s
object-counts           32s

Response: This text code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl describe quota compute-resources --namespace=myspace

Response: This bash code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:                    compute-resources
Namespace:               myspace
Resource                 Used  Hard
--------                 ----  ----

Response:
limits.cpu               0     2
limits.memory            0     2Gi
requests.cpu             0     1
requests.memory          0     1Gi
requests.nvidia.com/gpu  0     4


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:                    compute-resources
Namespace:               myspace
Resource                 Used  Hard
--------                 ----  ----
limits.cpu               0     2
limits.memory            0     2Gi
requests.cpu             0     1
requests.memory          0     1Gi
requests.nvidia.com/gpu  0     4

Response: This text code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl describe quota object-counts --namespace=myspace

Response: This bash code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:                   object-counts
Namespace:              myspace
Resource                Used    Hard
--------                ----    ----
configmaps              0       10

Response:
persistentvolumeclaims  0       4
pods                    0       4
replicationcontrollers  0       20
secrets                 1       10
services                0       10
services.loadbalancers  0       2


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:                   object-counts
Namespace:              myspace
Resource                Used    Hard
--------                ----    ----
configmaps              0       10
persistentvolumeclaims  0       4
pods                    0       4
replicationcontrollers  0       20
secrets                 1       10
services                0       10
services.loadbalancers  0       2

Response: This text code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl create quota test --hard=count/deployments.apps=2,count/replicasets.apps=4,count/pods=3,count/secrets=4 --namespace=myspace

Response: This bash code Resource Quotas | ResourceQuotas are independent of the cluster capacity. They are expressed in absolute units. So, if you add nodes to your cluster, this does not automatically give each namespace the ability to consu

Context: Resource Quotas | ResourceQuotas are independent of the cluster capacity. They are expressed in absolute units. So, if you add nodes to your cluster, this does not automatically give each namespace the ability to consu


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx --namespace=myspace --replicas=2

Response: This bash code Resource Quotas | ResourceQuotas are independent of the cluster capacity. They are expressed in absolute units. So, if you add nodes to your cluster, this does not automatically give each namespace the ability to consu


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:                         test
Namespace:                    myspace
Resource                      Used  Hard
--------                      ----  ----

Response:
count/deployments.apps        1     2
count/pods                    2     3
count/replicasets.apps        1     4
count/secrets                 1     4


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:                         test
Namespace:                    myspace
Resource                      Used  Hard
--------                      ----  ----
count/deployments.apps        1     2
count/pods                    2     3
count/replicasets.apps        1     4
count/secrets                 1     4

Response: This text code Resource Quotas | ResourceQuotas are independent of the cluster capacity. They are expressed in absolute units. So, if you add nodes to your cluster, this does not automatically give each namespace the ability to consu


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: AdmissionConfiguration
plugins:
- name: "ResourceQuota"
  configuration:
    apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1

Response:
    kind: ResourceQuotaConfiguration
    limitedResources:
    - resource: pods
      matchScopes:
      - scopeName: PriorityClass
        operator: In
        values: ["cluster-services"]

Context: Resource Quotas | Then, create a resource quota object in the kube-system namespace:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: AdmissionConfiguration
plugins:
- name: "ResourceQuota"
  configuration:
    apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ResourceQuotaConfiguration
    limitedResources:
    - resource: pods
      matchScopes:
      - scopeName: PriorityClass
        operator: In
        values: ["cluster-services"]

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | Then, create a resource quota object in the kube-system namespace:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: pods-cluster-services
spec:

Response:
  scopeSelector:
    matchExpressions:
      - operator : In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["cluster-services"]

Context: Resource Quotas | In this case, a pod creation will be allowed if:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: pods-cluster-services
spec:
  scopeSelector:
    matchExpressions:
      - operator : In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["cluster-services"]

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | In this case, a pod creation will be allowed if:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/policy/priority-class-resourcequota.yaml -n kube-system

Response: This bash code Resource Quotas | In this case, a pod creation will be allowed if:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

<storage-class-name>.storageclass.storage.k8s.io/requests.storage

Response: This text code Resource Quotas | For example, if you want to quota storage with gold StorageClass separate from a bronze StorageClass, you can define a quota as follows:

Context: Resource Quotas | For example, if you want to quota storage with gold StorageClass separate from a bronze StorageClass, you can define a quota as follows:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

<storage-class-name>.storageclass.storage.k8s.io/persistentvolumeclaims

Response: This text code Resource Quotas | For example, if you want to quota storage with gold StorageClass separate from a bronze StorageClass, you can define a quota as follows:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

gold.storageclass.storage.k8s.io/requests.storage: 500Gi

Response: This text code Resource Quotas | When using a CRI container runtime, container logs will count against the ephemeral storage quota. This can result in the unexpected eviction of pods that have exhausted their storage quotas.

Context: Resource Quotas | When using a CRI container runtime, container logs will count against the ephemeral storage quota. This can result in the unexpected eviction of pods that have exhausted their storage quotas.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

bronze.storageclass.storage.k8s.io/requests.storage: 100Gi

Response: This text code Resource Quotas | When using a CRI container runtime, container logs will count against the ephemeral storage quota. This can result in the unexpected eviction of pods that have exhausted their storage quotas.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

scopeSelector:
    matchExpressions:
      - scopeName: PriorityClass

Response:
        operator: In
        values:
          - middle

Context: Resource Quotas | If the operator is Exists or DoesNotExist, the values field must NOT be specified.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

scopeSelector:
    matchExpressions:
      - scopeName: PriorityClass
        operator: In
        values:
          - middle

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | If the operator is Exists or DoesNotExist, the values field must NOT be specified.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: List
items:
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pods-high
  spec:
    hard:
      cpu: "1000"
      memory: "200Gi"
      pods: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["high"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pods-medium
  spec:

Response:
    hard:
      cpu: "10"
      memory: "20Gi"
      pods: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["medium"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pods-low
  spec:
    hard:
      cpu: "5"
      memory: "10Gi"
      pods: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["low"]

Context: Resource Quotas | Apply the YAML using kubectl create.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: List
items:
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pods-high
  spec:
    hard:
      cpu: "1000"
      memory: "200Gi"
      pods: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["high"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pods-medium
  spec:
    hard:
      cpu: "10"
      memory: "20Gi"
      pods: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["medium"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pods-low
  spec:
    hard:
      cpu: "5"
      memory: "10Gi"
      pods: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["low"]

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | Apply the YAML using kubectl create.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

resourcequota/pods-high created
resourcequota/pods-medium created
resourcequota/pods-low created

Response: This text code Resource Quotas | Verify that Used quota is 0 using kubectl describe quota.

Context: Resource Quotas | Verify that Used quota is 0 using kubectl describe quota.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:       pods-high
Namespace:  default
Resource    Used  Hard
--------    ----  ----
cpu         0     1k
memory      0     200Gi
pods        0     10

Name:       pods-low
Namespace:  default
Resource    Used  Hard

Response:
--------    ----  ----
cpu         0     5
memory      0     10Gi
pods        0     10

Name:       pods-medium
Namespace:  default
Resource    Used  Hard
--------    ----  ----
cpu         0     10
memory      0     20Gi
pods        0     10

Context: Resource Quotas | Create a pod with priority "high". Save the following YAML to a file high-priority-pod.yaml.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:       pods-high
Namespace:  default
Resource    Used  Hard
--------    ----  ----
cpu         0     1k
memory      0     200Gi
pods        0     10

Name:       pods-low
Namespace:  default
Resource    Used  Hard
--------    ----  ----
cpu         0     5
memory      0     10Gi
pods        0     10

Name:       pods-medium
Namespace:  default
Resource    Used  Hard
--------    ----  ----
cpu         0     10
memory      0     20Gi
pods        0     10

Response: This text code Resource Quotas | Create a pod with priority "high". Save the following YAML to a file high-priority-pod.yaml.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: high-priority
spec:
  containers:
  - name: high-priority
    image: ubuntu
    command: ["/bin/sh"]

Response:
    args: ["-c", "while true; do echo hello; sleep 10;done"]
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "10Gi"
        cpu: "500m"
      limits:
        memory: "10Gi"
        cpu: "500m"
  priorityClassName: high

Context: Resource Quotas | Apply it with kubectl create.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: high-priority
spec:
  containers:
  - name: high-priority
    image: ubuntu
    command: ["/bin/sh"]
    args: ["-c", "while true; do echo hello; sleep 10;done"]
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "10Gi"
        cpu: "500m"
      limits:
        memory: "10Gi"
        cpu: "500m"
  priorityClassName: high

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | Apply it with kubectl create.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:       pods-high
Namespace:  default
Resource    Used  Hard
--------    ----  ----
cpu         500m  1k
memory      10Gi  200Gi
pods        1     10

Name:       pods-low
Namespace:  default
Resource    Used  Hard

Response:
--------    ----  ----
cpu         0     5
memory      0     10Gi
pods        0     10

Name:       pods-medium
Namespace:  default
Resource    Used  Hard
--------    ----  ----
cpu         0     10
memory      0     20Gi
pods        0     10

Context: Resource Quotas | Operators can use CrossNamespacePodAffinity quota scope to limit which namespaces are allowed to have pods with affinity terms that cross namespaces. Specifically, it controls which pods are allowed t


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:       pods-high
Namespace:  default
Resource    Used  Hard
--------    ----  ----
cpu         500m  1k
memory      10Gi  200Gi
pods        1     10

Name:       pods-low
Namespace:  default
Resource    Used  Hard
--------    ----  ----
cpu         0     5
memory      0     10Gi
pods        0     10

Name:       pods-medium
Namespace:  default
Resource    Used  Hard
--------    ----  ----
cpu         0     10
memory      0     20Gi
pods        0     10

Response: This text code Resource Quotas | Operators can use CrossNamespacePodAffinity quota scope to limit which namespaces are allowed to have pods with affinity terms that cross namespaces. Specifically, it controls which pods are allowed t


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: disable-cross-namespace-affinity
  namespace: foo-ns
spec:

Response:
  hard:
    pods: "0"
  scopeSelector:
    matchExpressions:
    - scopeName: CrossNamespacePodAffinity
      operator: Exists

Context: Resource Quotas | If operators want to disallow using namespaces and namespaceSelector by default, and only allow it for specific namespaces, they could configure CrossNamespacePodAffinity as a limited resource by sett


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: disable-cross-namespace-affinity
  namespace: foo-ns
spec:
  hard:
    pods: "0"
  scopeSelector:
    matchExpressions:
    - scopeName: CrossNamespacePodAffinity
      operator: Exists

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | If operators want to disallow using namespaces and namespaceSelector by default, and only allow it for specific namespaces, they could configure CrossNamespacePodAffinity as a limited resource by sett


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: AdmissionConfiguration
plugins:
- name: "ResourceQuota"
  configuration:
    apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1

Response:
    kind: ResourceQuotaConfiguration
    limitedResources:
    - resource: pods
      matchScopes:
      - scopeName: CrossNamespacePodAffinity
        operator: Exists

Context: Resource Quotas | With the above configuration, pods can use namespaces and namespaceSelector in pod affinity only if the namespace where they are created have a resource quota object with CrossNamespacePodAffinity sco


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: AdmissionConfiguration
plugins:
- name: "ResourceQuota"
  configuration:
    apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ResourceQuotaConfiguration
    limitedResources:
    - resource: pods
      matchScopes:
      - scopeName: CrossNamespacePodAffinity
        operator: Exists

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | With the above configuration, pods can use namespaces and namespaceSelector in pod affinity only if the namespace where they are created have a resource quota object with CrossNamespacePodAffinity sco


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

status.modifyVolumeStatus.targetVolumeAttributesClassName

Response: This text code Resource Quotas | A quota is matched and consumed only if scopeSelector in the quota spec selects the PVC.

Context: Resource Quotas | A quota is matched and consumed only if scopeSelector in the quota spec selects the PVC.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: List
items:
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pvcs-gold
  spec:
    hard:
      requests.storage: "10Gi"
      persistentvolumeclaims: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: VolumeAttributesClass
        values: ["gold"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pvcs-silver
  spec:

Response:
    hard:
      requests.storage: "20Gi"
      persistentvolumeclaims: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: VolumeAttributesClass
        values: ["silver"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pvcs-copper
  spec:
    hard:
      requests.storage: "30Gi"
      persistentvolumeclaims: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: VolumeAttributesClass
        values: ["copper"]


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: List
items:
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pvcs-gold
  spec:
    hard:
      requests.storage: "10Gi"
      persistentvolumeclaims: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: VolumeAttributesClass
        values: ["gold"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pvcs-silver
  spec:
    hard:
      requests.storage: "20Gi"
      persistentvolumeclaims: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: VolumeAttributesClass
        values: ["silver"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pvcs-copper
  spec:
    hard:
      requests.storage: "30Gi"
      persistentvolumeclaims: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: VolumeAttributesClass
        values: ["copper"]

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | Apply the YAML using kubectl create.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

resourcequota/pvcs-gold created
resourcequota/pvcs-silver created
resourcequota/pvcs-copper created

Response: This text code Resource Quotas | Verify that Used quota is 0 using kubectl describe quota.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:                   pvcs-gold
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  0     10
requests.storage        0     10Gi

Name:                   pvcs-silver
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard

Response:
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  0     10
requests.storage        0     20Gi

Name:                   pvcs-copper
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  0     10
requests.storage        0     30Gi

Context: Resource Quotas | Create a pvc with volume attributes class "gold". Save the following YAML to a file gold-vac-pvc.yaml.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:                   pvcs-gold
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  0     10
requests.storage        0     10Gi

Name:                   pvcs-silver
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  0     10
requests.storage        0     20Gi

Name:                   pvcs-copper
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  0     10
requests.storage        0     30Gi

Response: This text code Resource Quotas | Create a pvc with volume attributes class "gold". Save the following YAML to a file gold-vac-pvc.yaml.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: gold-vac-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:

Response:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi
  storageClassName:  # change this to the name of the storage class you want to use
  volumeAttributesClassName: gold


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: gold-vac-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi
  storageClassName:  # change this to the name of the storage class you want to use
  volumeAttributesClassName: gold

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | Apply it with kubectl create.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:                   pvcs-gold
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  1     10
requests.storage        2Gi   10Gi

Name:                   pvcs-silver
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard

Response:
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  0     10
requests.storage        0     20Gi

Name:                   pvcs-copper
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  0     10
requests.storage        0     30Gi

Context: Resource Quotas | Once the PVC is bound, it is allowed to modify the desired volume attributes class. Let's change it to "silver" with kubectl patch.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:                   pvcs-gold
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  1     10
requests.storage        2Gi   10Gi

Name:                   pvcs-silver
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  0     10
requests.storage        0     20Gi

Name:                   pvcs-copper
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  0     10
requests.storage        0     30Gi

Response: This text code Resource Quotas | Once the PVC is bound, it is allowed to modify the desired volume attributes class. Let's change it to "silver" with kubectl patch.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl patch pvc gold-vac-pvc --type='merge' -p '{"spec":{"volumeAttributesClassName":"silver"}}'

Response: This shell code Resource Quotas | Verify that "Used" stats for "silver" volume attributes class quota, pvcs-silver has changed, pvcs-copper is unchanged, and pvcs-gold might be unchanged or released, which depends on the PVC's status.

Context: Resource Quotas | Verify that "Used" stats for "silver" volume attributes class quota, pvcs-silver has changed, pvcs-copper is unchanged, and pvcs-gold might be unchanged or released, which depends on the PVC's status.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:                   pvcs-gold
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  1     10
requests.storage        2Gi   10Gi

Name:                   pvcs-silver
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard

Response:
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  1     10
requests.storage        2Gi   20Gi

Name:                   pvcs-copper
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  0     10
requests.storage        0     30Gi

Context: Resource Quotas | Let's change it to "copper" with kubectl patch.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:                   pvcs-gold
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  1     10
requests.storage        2Gi   10Gi

Name:                   pvcs-silver
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  1     10
requests.storage        2Gi   20Gi

Name:                   pvcs-copper
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  0     10
requests.storage        0     30Gi

Response: This text code Resource Quotas | Let's change it to "copper" with kubectl patch.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl patch pvc gold-vac-pvc --type='merge' -p '{"spec":{"volumeAttributesClassName":"copper"}}'

Response: This shell code Resource Quotas | Verify that "Used" stats for "copper" volume attributes class quota, pvcs-copper has changed, pvcs-silver and pvcs-gold might be unchanged or released, which depends on the PVC's status.

Context: Resource Quotas | Verify that "Used" stats for "copper" volume attributes class quota, pvcs-copper has changed, pvcs-silver and pvcs-gold might be unchanged or released, which depends on the PVC's status.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:                   pvcs-gold
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  1     10
requests.storage        2Gi   10Gi

Name:                   pvcs-silver
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard

Response:
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  1     10
requests.storage        2Gi   20Gi

Name:                   pvcs-copper
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  1     10
requests.storage        2Gi   30Gi

Context: Resource Quotas | Print the manifest of the PVC using the following command:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:                   pvcs-gold
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  1     10
requests.storage        2Gi   10Gi

Name:                   pvcs-silver
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  1     10
requests.storage        2Gi   20Gi

Name:                   pvcs-copper
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  1     10
requests.storage        2Gi   30Gi

Response: This text code Resource Quotas | Print the manifest of the PVC using the following command:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: gold-vac-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi
  storageClassName: default

Response:
  volumeAttributesClassName: copper
status:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  capacity:
    storage: 2Gi
  currentVolumeAttributesClassName: gold
  phase: Bound
  modifyVolumeStatus:
    status: InProgress
    targetVolumeAttributesClassName: silver
  storageClassName: default

Context: Resource Quotas | Wait a moment for the volume modification to complete, then verify the quota again.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: gold-vac-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi
  storageClassName: default
  volumeAttributesClassName: copper
status:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  capacity:
    storage: 2Gi
  currentVolumeAttributesClassName: gold
  phase: Bound
  modifyVolumeStatus:
    status: InProgress
    targetVolumeAttributesClassName: silver
  storageClassName: default

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | Wait a moment for the volume modification to complete, then verify the quota again.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:                   pvcs-gold
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  0     10
requests.storage        0     10Gi

Name:                   pvcs-silver
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard

Response:
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  0     10
requests.storage        0     20Gi

Name:                   pvcs-copper
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  1     10
requests.storage        2Gi   30Gi

Context: Resource Quotas | When allocating compute resources, each container may specify a request and a limit value for either CPU or memory. The quota can be configured to quota either value.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:                   pvcs-gold
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  0     10
requests.storage        0     10Gi

Name:                   pvcs-silver
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  0     10
requests.storage        0     20Gi

Name:                   pvcs-copper
Namespace:              default
Resource                Used  Hard
--------                ----  ----
persistentvolumeclaims  1     10
requests.storage        2Gi   30Gi

Response: This text code Resource Quotas | When allocating compute resources, each container may specify a request and a limit value for either CPU or memory. The quota can be configured to quota either value.


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

cat <<EOF > compute-resources.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: compute-resources
spec:

Response:
  hard:
    requests.cpu: "1"
    requests.memory: "1Gi"
    limits.cpu: "2"
    limits.memory: "2Gi"
    requests.nvidia.com/gpu: 4
EOF

Context: Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

cat <<EOF > compute-resources.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: compute-resources
spec:
  hard:
    requests.cpu: "1"
    requests.memory: "1Gi"
    limits.cpu: "2"
    limits.memory: "2Gi"
    requests.nvidia.com/gpu: 4
EOF

Response: This shell code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl create -f ./compute-resources.yaml --namespace=myspace

Response: This shell code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

cat <<EOF > object-counts.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: object-counts
spec:
  hard:

Response:
    configmaps: "10"
    persistentvolumeclaims: "4"
    pods: "4"
    replicationcontrollers: "20"
    secrets: "10"
    services: "10"
    services.loadbalancers: "2"
EOF


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

cat <<EOF > object-counts.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: object-counts
spec:
  hard:
    configmaps: "10"
    persistentvolumeclaims: "4"
    pods: "4"
    replicationcontrollers: "20"
    secrets: "10"
    services: "10"
    services.loadbalancers: "2"
EOF

Response: This shell code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl create -f ./object-counts.yaml --namespace=myspace

Response: This shell code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

NAME                    AGE
compute-resources       30s
object-counts           32s

Response: This none code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl describe quota compute-resources --namespace=myspace

Response: This shell code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

Name:                    compute-resources
Namespace:               myspace
Resource                 Used  Hard
--------                 ----  ----

Response:
limits.cpu               0     2
limits.memory            0     2Gi
requests.cpu             0     1
requests.memory          0     1Gi
requests.nvidia.com/gpu  0     4


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

Name:                    compute-resources
Namespace:               myspace
Resource                 Used  Hard
--------                 ----  ----
limits.cpu               0     2
limits.memory            0     2Gi
requests.cpu             0     1
requests.memory          0     1Gi
requests.nvidia.com/gpu  0     4

Response: This none code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl describe quota object-counts --namespace=myspace

Response: This shell code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

Name:                   object-counts
Namespace:              myspace
Resource                Used    Hard
--------                ----    ----
configmaps              0       10

Response:
persistentvolumeclaims  0       4
pods                    0       4
replicationcontrollers  0       20
secrets                 1       10
services                0       10
services.loadbalancers  0       2


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

Name:                   object-counts
Namespace:              myspace
Resource                Used    Hard
--------                ----    ----
configmaps              0       10
persistentvolumeclaims  0       4
pods                    0       4
replicationcontrollers  0       20
secrets                 1       10
services                0       10
services.loadbalancers  0       2

Response: This none code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl create quota test --hard=count/deployments.apps=2,count/replicasets.apps=4,count/pods=3,count/secrets=4 --namespace=myspace

Response: This shell code Resource Quotas | ResourceQuotas are independent of the cluster capacity. They are expressed in absolute units. So, if you add nodes to your cluster, this does not automatically give each namespace the ability to consu

Context: Resource Quotas | ResourceQuotas are independent of the cluster capacity. They are expressed in absolute units. So, if you add nodes to your cluster, this does not automatically give each namespace the ability to consu


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx --namespace=myspace --replicas=2

Response: This shell code Resource Quotas | ResourceQuotas are independent of the cluster capacity. They are expressed in absolute units. So, if you add nodes to your cluster, this does not automatically give each namespace the ability to consu


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:                         test
Namespace:                    myspace
Resource                      Used  Hard
--------                      ----  ----

Response:
count/deployments.apps        1     2
count/pods                    2     3
count/replicasets.apps        1     4
count/secrets                 1     4


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:                         test
Namespace:                    myspace
Resource                      Used  Hard
--------                      ----  ----
count/deployments.apps        1     2
count/pods                    2     3
count/replicasets.apps        1     4
count/secrets                 1     4

Response: This text code Resource Quotas | ResourceQuotas are independent of the cluster capacity. They are expressed in absolute units. So, if you add nodes to your cluster, this does not automatically give each namespace the ability to consu


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: AdmissionConfiguration
plugins:
- name: "ResourceQuota"
  configuration:
    apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1

Response:
    kind: ResourceQuotaConfiguration
    limitedResources:
    - resource: pods
      matchScopes:
      - scopeName: PriorityClass
        operator: In
        values: ["cluster-services"]

Context: Resource Quotas | Then, create a resource quota object in the kube-system namespace:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: AdmissionConfiguration
plugins:
- name: "ResourceQuota"
  configuration:
    apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ResourceQuotaConfiguration
    limitedResources:
    - resource: pods
      matchScopes:
      - scopeName: PriorityClass
        operator: In
        values: ["cluster-services"]

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | Then, create a resource quota object in the kube-system namespace:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: pods-cluster-services
spec:

Response:
  scopeSelector:
    matchExpressions:
      - operator : In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["cluster-services"]

Context: Resource Quotas | In this case, a pod creation will be allowed if:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: pods-cluster-services
spec:
  scopeSelector:
    matchExpressions:
      - operator : In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["cluster-services"]

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | In this case, a pod creation will be allowed if:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/policy/priority-class-resourcequota.yaml -n kube-system

Response: This shell code Resource Quotas | In this case, a pod creation will be allowed if:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

scopeSelector:
    matchExpressions:
      - scopeName: PriorityClass

Response:
        operator: In
        values:
          - middle

Context: Resource Quotas | If the operator is Exists or DoesNotExist, the values field must NOT be specified.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

scopeSelector:
    matchExpressions:
      - scopeName: PriorityClass
        operator: In
        values:
          - middle

Response: This text code Resource Quotas | If the operator is Exists or DoesNotExist, the values field must NOT be specified.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

policy/quota.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: List
items:
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pods-high
  spec:
    hard:
      cpu: "1000"
      memory: "200Gi"
      pods: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["high"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pods-medium
  spec:

Response:
    hard:
      cpu: "10"
      memory: "20Gi"
      pods: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["medium"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pods-low
  spec:
    hard:
      cpu: "5"
      memory: "10Gi"
      pods: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["low"]

Context: Resource Quotas | Apply the YAML using kubectl create.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

policy/quota.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: List
items:
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pods-high
  spec:
    hard:
      cpu: "1000"
      memory: "200Gi"
      pods: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["high"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pods-medium
  spec:
    hard:
      cpu: "10"
      memory: "20Gi"
      pods: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["medium"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pods-low
  spec:
    hard:
      cpu: "5"
      memory: "10Gi"
      pods: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["low"]

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | Apply the YAML using kubectl create.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: List
items:
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pods-high
  spec:
    hard:
      cpu: "1000"
      memory: "200Gi"
      pods: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["high"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pods-medium
  spec:

Response:
    hard:
      cpu: "10"
      memory: "20Gi"
      pods: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["medium"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pods-low
  spec:
    hard:
      cpu: "5"
      memory: "10Gi"
      pods: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["low"]


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: List
items:
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pods-high
  spec:
    hard:
      cpu: "1000"
      memory: "200Gi"
      pods: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["high"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pods-medium
  spec:
    hard:
      cpu: "10"
      memory: "20Gi"
      pods: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["medium"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pods-low
  spec:
    hard:
      cpu: "5"
      memory: "10Gi"
      pods: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["low"]

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | Apply the YAML using kubectl create.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

policy/high-priority-pod.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: high-priority
spec:
  containers:
  - name: high-priority
    image: ubuntu

Response:
    command: ["/bin/sh"]
    args: ["-c", "while true; do echo hello; sleep 10;done"]
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "10Gi"
        cpu: "500m"
      limits:
        memory: "10Gi"
        cpu: "500m"
  priorityClassName: high

Context: Resource Quotas | Apply it with kubectl create.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

policy/high-priority-pod.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: high-priority
spec:
  containers:
  - name: high-priority
    image: ubuntu
    command: ["/bin/sh"]
    args: ["-c", "while true; do echo hello; sleep 10;done"]
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "10Gi"
        cpu: "500m"
      limits:
        memory: "10Gi"
        cpu: "500m"
  priorityClassName: high

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | Apply it with kubectl create.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: high-priority
spec:
  containers:
  - name: high-priority
    image: ubuntu
    command: ["/bin/sh"]

Response:
    args: ["-c", "while true; do echo hello; sleep 10;done"]
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "10Gi"
        cpu: "500m"
      limits:
        memory: "10Gi"
        cpu: "500m"
  priorityClassName: high


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: high-priority
spec:
  containers:
  - name: high-priority
    image: ubuntu
    command: ["/bin/sh"]
    args: ["-c", "while true; do echo hello; sleep 10;done"]
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "10Gi"
        cpu: "500m"
      limits:
        memory: "10Gi"
        cpu: "500m"
  priorityClassName: high

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | Apply it with kubectl create.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: disable-cross-namespace-affinity
  namespace: foo-ns
spec:

Response:
  hard:
    pods: "0"
  scopeSelector:
    matchExpressions:
    - scopeName: CrossNamespacePodAffinity
      operator: Exists

Context: Resource Quotas | If operators want to disallow using namespaces and namespaceSelector by default, and only allow it for specific namespaces, they could configure CrossNamespacePodAffinity as a limited resource by sett


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: disable-cross-namespace-affinity
  namespace: foo-ns
spec:
  hard:
    pods: "0"
  scopeSelector:
    matchExpressions:
    - scopeName: CrossNamespacePodAffinity
      operator: Exists

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | If operators want to disallow using namespaces and namespaceSelector by default, and only allow it for specific namespaces, they could configure CrossNamespacePodAffinity as a limited resource by sett


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: AdmissionConfiguration
plugins:
- name: "ResourceQuota"
  configuration:
    apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1

Response:
    kind: ResourceQuotaConfiguration
    limitedResources:
    - resource: pods
      matchScopes:
      - scopeName: CrossNamespacePodAffinity
        operator: Exists

Context: Resource Quotas | With the above configuration, pods can use namespaces and namespaceSelector in pod affinity only if the namespace where they are created have a resource quota object with CrossNamespacePodAffinity sco


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: AdmissionConfiguration
plugins:
- name: "ResourceQuota"
  configuration:
    apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ResourceQuotaConfiguration
    limitedResources:
    - resource: pods
      matchScopes:
      - scopeName: CrossNamespacePodAffinity
        operator: Exists

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | With the above configuration, pods can use namespaces and namespaceSelector in pod affinity only if the namespace where they are created have a resource quota object with CrossNamespacePodAffinity sco


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

policy/quota-vac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: List
items:
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pvcs-gold
  spec:
    hard:
      requests.storage: "10Gi"
      persistentvolumeclaims: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: VolumeAttributesClass
        values: ["gold"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pvcs-silver

Response:
  spec:
    hard:
      requests.storage: "20Gi"
      persistentvolumeclaims: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: VolumeAttributesClass
        values: ["silver"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pvcs-copper
  spec:
    hard:
      requests.storage: "30Gi"
      persistentvolumeclaims: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: VolumeAttributesClass
        values: ["copper"]


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

policy/quota-vac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: List
items:
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pvcs-gold
  spec:
    hard:
      requests.storage: "10Gi"
      persistentvolumeclaims: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: VolumeAttributesClass
        values: ["gold"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pvcs-silver
  spec:
    hard:
      requests.storage: "20Gi"
      persistentvolumeclaims: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: VolumeAttributesClass
        values: ["silver"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pvcs-copper
  spec:
    hard:
      requests.storage: "30Gi"
      persistentvolumeclaims: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: VolumeAttributesClass
        values: ["copper"]

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | Apply the YAML using kubectl create.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: List
items:
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pvcs-gold
  spec:
    hard:
      requests.storage: "10Gi"
      persistentvolumeclaims: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: VolumeAttributesClass
        values: ["gold"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pvcs-silver
  spec:

Response:
    hard:
      requests.storage: "20Gi"
      persistentvolumeclaims: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: VolumeAttributesClass
        values: ["silver"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pvcs-copper
  spec:
    hard:
      requests.storage: "30Gi"
      persistentvolumeclaims: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: VolumeAttributesClass
        values: ["copper"]


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: List
items:
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pvcs-gold
  spec:
    hard:
      requests.storage: "10Gi"
      persistentvolumeclaims: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: VolumeAttributesClass
        values: ["gold"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pvcs-silver
  spec:
    hard:
      requests.storage: "20Gi"
      persistentvolumeclaims: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: VolumeAttributesClass
        values: ["silver"]
- apiVersion: v1
  kind: ResourceQuota
  metadata:
    name: pvcs-copper
  spec:
    hard:
      requests.storage: "30Gi"
      persistentvolumeclaims: "10"
    scopeSelector:
      matchExpressions:
      - operator: In
        scopeName: VolumeAttributesClass
        values: ["copper"]

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | Apply the YAML using kubectl create.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

policy/gold-vac-pvc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: gold-vac-pvc
spec:

Response:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi
  storageClassName:  # change this to the name of the storage class you want to use
  volumeAttributesClassName: gold


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

policy/gold-vac-pvc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: gold-vac-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi
  storageClassName:  # change this to the name of the storage class you want to use
  volumeAttributesClassName: gold

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | Apply it with kubectl create.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: gold-vac-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:

Response:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi
  storageClassName:  # change this to the name of the storage class you want to use
  volumeAttributesClassName: gold


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: gold-vac-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi
  storageClassName:  # change this to the name of the storage class you want to use
  volumeAttributesClassName: gold

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | Apply it with kubectl create.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl patch pvc gold-vac-pvc --type='merge' -p '{"spec":{"volumeAttributesClassName":"silver"}}'

Response: This bash code Resource Quotas | Verify that "Used" stats for "silver" volume attributes class quota, pvcs-silver has changed, pvcs-copper is unchanged, and pvcs-gold might be unchanged or released, which depends on the PVC's status.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl patch pvc gold-vac-pvc --type='merge' -p '{"spec":{"volumeAttributesClassName":"copper"}}'

Response: This bash code Resource Quotas | Verify that "Used" stats for "copper" volume attributes class quota, pvcs-copper has changed, pvcs-silver and pvcs-gold might be unchanged or released, which depends on the PVC's status.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: gold-vac-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi
  storageClassName: default

Response:
  volumeAttributesClassName: copper
status:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  capacity:
    storage: 2Gi
  currentVolumeAttributesClassName: gold
  phase: Bound
  modifyVolumeStatus:
    status: InProgress
    targetVolumeAttributesClassName: silver
  storageClassName: default


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: gold-vac-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi
  storageClassName: default
  volumeAttributesClassName: copper
status:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  capacity:
    storage: 2Gi
  currentVolumeAttributesClassName: gold
  phase: Bound
  modifyVolumeStatus:
    status: InProgress
    targetVolumeAttributesClassName: silver
  storageClassName: default

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | Wait a moment for the volume modification to complete, then verify the quota again.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

cat <<EOF > compute-resources.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: compute-resources
spec:

Response:
  hard:
    requests.cpu: "1"
    requests.memory: "1Gi"
    limits.cpu: "2"
    limits.memory: "2Gi"
    requests.nvidia.com/gpu: 4
EOF


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

cat <<EOF > compute-resources.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: compute-resources
spec:
  hard:
    requests.cpu: "1"
    requests.memory: "1Gi"
    limits.cpu: "2"
    limits.memory: "2Gi"
    requests.nvidia.com/gpu: 4
EOF

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl create -f ./compute-resources.yaml --namespace=myspace

Response: This bash code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

cat <<EOF > object-counts.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: object-counts
spec:
  hard:

Response:
    configmaps: "10"
    persistentvolumeclaims: "4"
    pods: "4"
    replicationcontrollers: "20"
    secrets: "10"
    services: "10"
    services.loadbalancers: "2"
EOF


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

cat <<EOF > object-counts.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: object-counts
spec:
  hard:
    configmaps: "10"
    persistentvolumeclaims: "4"
    pods: "4"
    replicationcontrollers: "20"
    secrets: "10"
    services: "10"
    services.loadbalancers: "2"
EOF

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl create -f ./object-counts.yaml --namespace=myspace

Response: This bash code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl describe quota compute-resources --namespace=myspace

Response: This bash code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl describe quota object-counts --namespace=myspace

Response: This bash code Resource Quotas | kubectl also supports object count quota for all standard namespaced resources using the syntax count/<resource>.<group>:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl create quota test --hard=count/deployments.apps=2,count/replicasets.apps=4,count/pods=3,count/secrets=4 --namespace=myspace

Response: This bash code Resource Quotas | ResourceQuotas are independent of the cluster capacity. They are expressed in absolute units. So, if you add nodes to your cluster, this does not automatically give each namespace the ability to consu


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx --namespace=myspace --replicas=2

Response: This bash code Resource Quotas | ResourceQuotas are independent of the cluster capacity. They are expressed in absolute units. So, if you add nodes to your cluster, this does not automatically give each namespace the ability to consu


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: AdmissionConfiguration
plugins:
- name: "ResourceQuota"
  configuration:
    apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1

Response:
    kind: ResourceQuotaConfiguration
    limitedResources:
    - resource: pods
      matchScopes:
      - scopeName: PriorityClass
        operator: In
        values: ["cluster-services"]


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: AdmissionConfiguration
plugins:
- name: "ResourceQuota"
  configuration:
    apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ResourceQuotaConfiguration
    limitedResources:
    - resource: pods
      matchScopes:
      - scopeName: PriorityClass
        operator: In
        values: ["cluster-services"]

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | Then, create a resource quota object in the kube-system namespace:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

policy/priority-class-resourcequota.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: pods-cluster-services

Response:
spec:
  scopeSelector:
    matchExpressions:
      - operator : In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["cluster-services"]


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

policy/priority-class-resourcequota.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: pods-cluster-services
spec:
  scopeSelector:
    matchExpressions:
      - operator : In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["cluster-services"]

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | In this case, a pod creation will be allowed if:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: pods-cluster-services
spec:

Response:
  scopeSelector:
    matchExpressions:
      - operator : In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["cluster-services"]


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ResourceQuota
metadata:
  name: pods-cluster-services
spec:
  scopeSelector:
    matchExpressions:
      - operator : In
        scopeName: PriorityClass
        values: ["cluster-services"]

Response: This yaml code Resource Quotas | In this case, a pod creation will be allowed if:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/policy/priority-class-resourcequota.yaml -n kube-system

Response: This bash code Resource Quotas | In this case, a pod creation will be allowed if:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# Allocate storage and restrict access
fallocate --length 4GiB /swapfile
chmod 600 /swapfile

# Create an encrypted device backed by the allocated storage
cryptsetup --type plain --cipher aes-xts-plain64 --key-size 256 -d /dev/urandom open /swapfile cryptswap

Response:
# Format the swap space
mkswap /dev/mapper/cryptswap

# Activate the swap space for paging
swapon /dev/mapper/cryptswap

Context: Configuring swap memory on Kubernetes nodes | An unencrypted swap file can be set up as follows.# Allocate storage and restrict access fallocate --length 4GiB /swapfile chmod 600 /swapfile # Format the swap space mkswap /swapfile # Activate the


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Allocate storage and restrict access
fallocate --length 4GiB /swapfile
chmod 600 /swapfile

# Create an encrypted device backed by the allocated storage
cryptsetup --type plain --cipher aes-xts-plain64 --key-size 256 -d /dev/urandom open /swapfile cryptswap

# Format the swap space
mkswap /dev/mapper/cryptswap

# Activate the swap space for paging
swapon /dev/mapper/cryptswap

Response: This text code Configuring swap memory on Kubernetes nodes | An unencrypted swap file can be set up as follows.# Allocate storage and restrict access fallocate --length 4GiB /swapfile chmod 600 /swapfile # Format the swap space mkswap /swapfile # Activate the


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# Allocate storage and restrict access
fallocate --length 4GiB /swapfile
chmod 600 /swapfile

Response:
# Format the swap space
mkswap /swapfile

# Activate the swap space for paging
swapon /swapfile

Context: Configuring swap memory on Kubernetes nodes | Swap can be verified to be enabled with both swapon -s command or the free command.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Allocate storage and restrict access
fallocate --length 4GiB /swapfile
chmod 600 /swapfile

# Format the swap space
mkswap /swapfile

# Activate the swap space for paging
swapon /swapfile

Response: This text code Configuring swap memory on Kubernetes nodes | Swap can be verified to be enabled with both swapon -s command or the free command.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Filename       Type		Size		Used		Priority
/dev/dm-0      partition 	4194300		0		-2

Response: This text code Configuring swap memory on Kubernetes nodes | Using free -h:

Context: Configuring swap memory on Kubernetes nodes | Using free -h:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           3.8Gi       1.3Gi       249Mi        25Mi       2.5Gi       2.5Gi
Swap:          4.0Gi          0B       4.0Gi

Response: This text code Configuring swap memory on Kubernetes nodes | After setting up swap, to start the swap file at boot time, you typically either set up a systemd unit to activate (encrypted) swap, or you add a line similar to /swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0 into

Context: Configuring swap memory on Kubernetes nodes | After setting up swap, to start the swap file at boot time, you typically either set up a systemd unit to activate (encrypted) swap, or you add a line similar to /swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0 into


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# this fragment goes into the kubelet's configuration file
 failSwapOn: false

Response:
 memorySwap:
     swapBehavior: LimitedSwap

Context: Configuring swap memory on Kubernetes nodes | In order for these configurations to take effect, kubelet needs to be restarted. Typically you do that by running:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# this fragment goes into the kubelet's configuration file
 failSwapOn: false
 memorySwap:
     swapBehavior: LimitedSwap

Response: This text code Configuring swap memory on Kubernetes nodes | In order for these configurations to take effect, kubelet needs to be restarted. Typically you do that by running:


Prompt:
Complete this bash code:

# Allocate storage and restrict access
fallocate --length 4GiB /swapfile
chmod 600 /swapfile

# Create an encrypted device backed by the allocated storage
cryptsetup --type plain --cipher aes-xts-plain64 --key-size 256 -d /dev/urandom open /swapfile cryptswap

Response:
# Format the swap space
mkswap /dev/mapper/cryptswap

# Activate the swap space for paging
swapon /dev/mapper/cryptswap


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

# Allocate storage and restrict access
fallocate --length 4GiB /swapfile
chmod 600 /swapfile

# Create an encrypted device backed by the allocated storage
cryptsetup --type plain --cipher aes-xts-plain64 --key-size 256 -d /dev/urandom open /swapfile cryptswap

# Format the swap space
mkswap /dev/mapper/cryptswap

# Activate the swap space for paging
swapon /dev/mapper/cryptswap

Response: This bash code Configuring swap memory on Kubernetes nodes | An unencrypted swap file can be set up as follows.# Allocate storage and restrict access fallocate --length 4GiB /swapfile chmod 600 /swapfile # Format the swap space mkswap /swapfile # Activate the


Prompt:
Complete this bash code:

# Allocate storage and restrict access
fallocate --length 4GiB /swapfile
chmod 600 /swapfile

Response:
# Format the swap space
mkswap /swapfile

# Activate the swap space for paging
swapon /swapfile


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

# Allocate storage and restrict access
fallocate --length 4GiB /swapfile
chmod 600 /swapfile

# Format the swap space
mkswap /swapfile

# Activate the swap space for paging
swapon /swapfile

Response: This bash code Configuring swap memory on Kubernetes nodes | Swap can be verified to be enabled with both swapon -s command or the free command.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Filename       Type		Size		Used		Priority
/dev/dm-0      partition 	4194300		0		-2

Response: This text code Configuring swap memory on Kubernetes nodes | Using free -h:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           3.8Gi       1.3Gi       249Mi        25Mi       2.5Gi       2.5Gi
Swap:          4.0Gi          0B       4.0Gi

Response: This text code Configuring swap memory on Kubernetes nodes | After setting up swap, to start the swap file at boot time, you typically either set up a systemd unit to activate (encrypted) swap, or you add a line similar to /swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0 into


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

# this fragment goes into the kubelet's configuration file
 failSwapOn: false

Response:
 memorySwap:
     swapBehavior: LimitedSwap


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

# this fragment goes into the kubelet's configuration file
 failSwapOn: false
 memorySwap:
     swapBehavior: LimitedSwap

Response: This yaml code Configuring swap memory on Kubernetes nodes | In order for these configurations to take effect, kubelet needs to be restarted. Typically you do that by running:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# Allocate storage and restrict access
fallocate --length 4GiB /swapfile
chmod 600 /swapfile

# Create an encrypted device backed by the allocated storage
cryptsetup --type plain --cipher aes-xts-plain64 --key-size 256 -d /dev/urandom open /swapfile cryptswap

Response:
# Format the swap space
mkswap /dev/mapper/cryptswap

# Activate the swap space for paging
swapon /dev/mapper/cryptswap


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Allocate storage and restrict access
fallocate --length 4GiB /swapfile
chmod 600 /swapfile

# Create an encrypted device backed by the allocated storage
cryptsetup --type plain --cipher aes-xts-plain64 --key-size 256 -d /dev/urandom open /swapfile cryptswap

# Format the swap space
mkswap /dev/mapper/cryptswap

# Activate the swap space for paging
swapon /dev/mapper/cryptswap

Response: This text code Configuring swap memory on Kubernetes nodes | An unencrypted swap file can be set up as follows.# Allocate storage and restrict access fallocate --length 4GiB /swapfile chmod 600 /swapfile # Format the swap space mkswap /swapfile # Activate the


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# Allocate storage and restrict access
fallocate --length 4GiB /swapfile
chmod 600 /swapfile

Response:
# Format the swap space
mkswap /swapfile

# Activate the swap space for paging
swapon /swapfile


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Allocate storage and restrict access
fallocate --length 4GiB /swapfile
chmod 600 /swapfile

# Format the swap space
mkswap /swapfile

# Activate the swap space for paging
swapon /swapfile

Response: This text code Configuring swap memory on Kubernetes nodes | Swap can be verified to be enabled with both swapon -s command or the free command.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# this fragment goes into the kubelet's configuration file
 failSwapOn: false

Response:
 memorySwap:
     swapBehavior: LimitedSwap


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# this fragment goes into the kubelet's configuration file
 failSwapOn: false
 memorySwap:
     swapBehavior: LimitedSwap

Response: This text code Configuring swap memory on Kubernetes nodes | In order for these configurations to take effect, kubelet needs to be restarted. Typically you do that by running:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# On your system, this configuration file could have a different name
pager /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

Response: This text code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | If you see a line similar to:

Context: Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | If you see a line similar to:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/deb/ /

Response: This text code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | You're using the Kubernetes package repositories and this guide applies to you. Otherwise, it's strongly recommended to migrate to the Kubernetes package repositories as described in the official anno

Context: Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | You're using the Kubernetes package repositories and this guide applies to you. Otherwise, it's strongly recommended to migrate to the Kubernetes package repositories as described in the official anno


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# On your system, this configuration file could have a different name
cat /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo

Response: This text code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | If you see a baseurl similar to the baseurl in the output below:

Context: Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | If you see a baseurl similar to the baseurl in the output below:


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/

Response:
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl

Response: This json code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | You're using the Kubernetes package repositories and this guide applies to you. Otherwise, it's strongly recommended to migrate to the Kubernetes package repositories as described in the official anno


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# On your system, this configuration file could have a different name
cat /etc/zypp/repos.d/kubernetes.repo

Response: This text code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | If you see a baseurl similar to the baseurl in the output below:


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/

Response:
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl

Response: This json code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | You're using the Kubernetes package repositories and this guide applies to you. Otherwise, it's strongly recommended to migrate to the Kubernetes package repositories as described in the official anno


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/deb/ /

Response: This text code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | Change the version in the URL to the next available minor release, for example:

Context: Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | Change the version in the URL to the next available minor release, for example:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/deb/ /

Response: This text code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | Save the file and exit your text editor. Continue following the relevant upgrade instructions.

Context: Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | Save the file and exit your text editor. Continue following the relevant upgrade instructions.


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/

Response:
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl cri-tools kubernetes-cni

Context: Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | Change the version in these URLs to the next available minor release, for example:


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl cri-tools kubernetes-cni

Response: This json code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | Change the version in these URLs to the next available minor release, for example:


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/rpm/

Response:
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl cri-tools kubernetes-cni


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl cri-tools kubernetes-cni

Response: This json code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | Save the file and exit your text editor. Continue following the relevant upgrade instructions.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# On your system, this configuration file could have a different name
pager /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

Response: This shell code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | If you see a line similar to:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/deb/ /

Response: This text code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | You're using the Kubernetes package repositories and this guide applies to you. Otherwise, it's strongly recommended to migrate to the Kubernetes package repositories as described in the official anno


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# On your system, this configuration file could have a different name
cat /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo

Response: This shell code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | If you see a baseurl similar to the baseurl in the output below:


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/

Response:
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl

Response: This json code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | You're using the Kubernetes package repositories and this guide applies to you. Otherwise, it's strongly recommended to migrate to the Kubernetes package repositories as described in the official anno


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# On your system, this configuration file could have a different name
cat /etc/zypp/repos.d/kubernetes.repo

Response: This shell code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | If you see a baseurl similar to the baseurl in the output below:


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/

Response:
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl

Response: This json code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | You're using the Kubernetes package repositories and this guide applies to you. Otherwise, it's strongly recommended to migrate to the Kubernetes package repositories as described in the official anno


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/deb/ /

Response: This text code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | Change the version in the URL to the next available minor release, for example:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/deb/ /

Response: This text code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | Save the file and exit your text editor. Continue following the relevant upgrade instructions.


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/

Response:
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl cri-tools kubernetes-cni


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.33/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl cri-tools kubernetes-cni

Response: This json code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | Change the version in these URLs to the next available minor release, for example:


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/rpm/

Response:
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl cri-tools kubernetes-cni


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl cri-tools kubernetes-cni

Response: This json code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | Save the file and exit your text editor. Continue following the relevant upgrade instructions.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# On your system, this configuration file could have a different name
pager /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

Response: This text code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | If you see a line similar to:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# On your system, this configuration file could have a different name
cat /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo

Response: This text code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | If you see a baseurl similar to the baseurl in the output below:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# On your system, this configuration file could have a different name
cat /etc/zypp/repos.d/kubernetes.repo

Response: This text code Changing The Kubernetes Package Repository | If you see a baseurl similar to the baseurl in the output below:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get --raw "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/minikube" | jq '.'

Response: This bash code Resource metrics pipeline | Here is the same API call using curl:

Context: Resource metrics pipeline | Here is the same API call using curl:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl http://localhost:8080/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/minikube

Response: This text code Resource metrics pipeline | Sample response:

Context: Resource metrics pipeline | Sample response:


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

{
  "kind": "NodeMetrics",
  "apiVersion": "metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "metadata": {
    "name": "minikube",
    "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/minikube",
    "creationTimestamp": "2022-01-27T18:48:43Z"

Response:
  },
  "timestamp": "2022-01-27T18:48:33Z",
  "window": "30s",
  "usage": {
    "cpu": "487558164n",
    "memory": "732212Ki"
  }
}

Context: Resource metrics pipeline | Here is an example of the Metrics API request for a kube-scheduler-minikube pod contained in the kube-system namespace and piped through jq for easier reading:


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

{
  "kind": "NodeMetrics",
  "apiVersion": "metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "metadata": {
    "name": "minikube",
    "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/minikube",
    "creationTimestamp": "2022-01-27T18:48:43Z"
  },
  "timestamp": "2022-01-27T18:48:33Z",
  "window": "30s",
  "usage": {
    "cpu": "487558164n",
    "memory": "732212Ki"
  }
}

Response: This json code Resource metrics pipeline | Here is an example of the Metrics API request for a kube-scheduler-minikube pod contained in the kube-system namespace and piped through jq for easier reading:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get --raw "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/namespaces/kube-system/pods/kube-scheduler-minikube" | jq '.'

Response: This bash code Resource metrics pipeline | Here is the same API call using curl:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl http://localhost:8080/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/namespaces/kube-system/pods/kube-scheduler-minikube

Response: This text code Resource metrics pipeline | Sample response:


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

{
  "kind": "PodMetrics",
  "apiVersion": "metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "metadata": {
    "name": "kube-scheduler-minikube",
    "namespace": "kube-system",
    "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/namespaces/kube-system/pods/kube-scheduler-minikube",
    "creationTimestamp": "2022-01-27T19:25:00Z"
  },
  "timestamp": "2022-01-27T19:24:31Z",

Response:
  "window": "30s",
  "containers": [
    {
      "name": "kube-scheduler",
      "usage": {
        "cpu": "9559630n",
        "memory": "22244Ki"
      }
    }
  ]
}

Context: Resource metrics pipeline | The Metrics API is defined in the k8s.io/metrics repository. You must enable the API aggregation layer and register an APIService for the metrics.k8s.io API.


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

{
  "kind": "PodMetrics",
  "apiVersion": "metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "metadata": {
    "name": "kube-scheduler-minikube",
    "namespace": "kube-system",
    "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/namespaces/kube-system/pods/kube-scheduler-minikube",
    "creationTimestamp": "2022-01-27T19:25:00Z"
  },
  "timestamp": "2022-01-27T19:24:31Z",
  "window": "30s",
  "containers": [
    {
      "name": "kube-scheduler",
      "usage": {
        "cpu": "9559630n",
        "memory": "22244Ki"
      }
    }
  ]
}

Response: This json code Resource metrics pipeline | The Metrics API is defined in the k8s.io/metrics repository. You must enable the API aggregation layer and register an APIService for the metrics.k8s.io API.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get --raw "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/minikube" | jq '.'

Response: This shell code Resource metrics pipeline | Here is the same API call using curl:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

curl http://localhost:8080/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/minikube

Response: This shell code Resource metrics pipeline | Sample response:


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

{
  "kind": "NodeMetrics",
  "apiVersion": "metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "metadata": {
    "name": "minikube",
    "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/minikube",
    "creationTimestamp": "2022-01-27T18:48:43Z"

Response:
  },
  "timestamp": "2022-01-27T18:48:33Z",
  "window": "30s",
  "usage": {
    "cpu": "487558164n",
    "memory": "732212Ki"
  }
}


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

{
  "kind": "NodeMetrics",
  "apiVersion": "metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "metadata": {
    "name": "minikube",
    "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/minikube",
    "creationTimestamp": "2022-01-27T18:48:43Z"
  },
  "timestamp": "2022-01-27T18:48:33Z",
  "window": "30s",
  "usage": {
    "cpu": "487558164n",
    "memory": "732212Ki"
  }
}

Response: This json code Resource metrics pipeline | Here is an example of the Metrics API request for a kube-scheduler-minikube pod contained in the kube-system namespace and piped through jq for easier reading:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get --raw "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/namespaces/kube-system/pods/kube-scheduler-minikube" | jq '.'

Response: This shell code Resource metrics pipeline | Here is the same API call using curl:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

curl http://localhost:8080/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/namespaces/kube-system/pods/kube-scheduler-minikube

Response: This shell code Resource metrics pipeline | Sample response:


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

{
  "kind": "PodMetrics",
  "apiVersion": "metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "metadata": {
    "name": "kube-scheduler-minikube",
    "namespace": "kube-system",
    "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/namespaces/kube-system/pods/kube-scheduler-minikube",
    "creationTimestamp": "2022-01-27T19:25:00Z"
  },
  "timestamp": "2022-01-27T19:24:31Z",

Response:
  "window": "30s",
  "containers": [
    {
      "name": "kube-scheduler",
      "usage": {
        "cpu": "9559630n",
        "memory": "22244Ki"
      }
    }
  ]
}


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

{
  "kind": "PodMetrics",
  "apiVersion": "metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "metadata": {
    "name": "kube-scheduler-minikube",
    "namespace": "kube-system",
    "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/namespaces/kube-system/pods/kube-scheduler-minikube",
    "creationTimestamp": "2022-01-27T19:25:00Z"
  },
  "timestamp": "2022-01-27T19:24:31Z",
  "window": "30s",
  "containers": [
    {
      "name": "kube-scheduler",
      "usage": {
        "cpu": "9559630n",
        "memory": "22244Ki"
      }
    }
  ]
}

Response: This json code Resource metrics pipeline | The Metrics API is defined in the k8s.io/metrics repository. You must enable the API aggregation layer and register an APIService for the metrics.k8s.io API.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get --raw "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/minikube" | jq '.'

Response: This bash code Resource metrics pipeline | Here is the same API call using curl:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl http://localhost:8080/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/minikube

Response: This text code Resource metrics pipeline | Sample response:


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

{
  "kind": "NodeMetrics",
  "apiVersion": "metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "metadata": {
    "name": "minikube",
    "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/minikube",
    "creationTimestamp": "2022-01-27T18:48:43Z"

Response:
  },
  "timestamp": "2022-01-27T18:48:33Z",
  "window": "30s",
  "usage": {
    "cpu": "487558164n",
    "memory": "732212Ki"
  }
}


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

{
  "kind": "NodeMetrics",
  "apiVersion": "metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "metadata": {
    "name": "minikube",
    "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/minikube",
    "creationTimestamp": "2022-01-27T18:48:43Z"
  },
  "timestamp": "2022-01-27T18:48:33Z",
  "window": "30s",
  "usage": {
    "cpu": "487558164n",
    "memory": "732212Ki"
  }
}

Response: This json code Resource metrics pipeline | Here is an example of the Metrics API request for a kube-scheduler-minikube pod contained in the kube-system namespace and piped through jq for easier reading:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get --raw "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/namespaces/kube-system/pods/kube-scheduler-minikube" | jq '.'

Response: This bash code Resource metrics pipeline | Here is the same API call using curl:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl http://localhost:8080/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/namespaces/kube-system/pods/kube-scheduler-minikube

Response: This text code Resource metrics pipeline | Sample response:


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

{
  "kind": "PodMetrics",
  "apiVersion": "metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "metadata": {
    "name": "kube-scheduler-minikube",
    "namespace": "kube-system",
    "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/namespaces/kube-system/pods/kube-scheduler-minikube",
    "creationTimestamp": "2022-01-27T19:25:00Z"
  },
  "timestamp": "2022-01-27T19:24:31Z",

Response:
  "window": "30s",
  "containers": [
    {
      "name": "kube-scheduler",
      "usage": {
        "cpu": "9559630n",
        "memory": "22244Ki"
      }
    }
  ]
}


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

{
  "kind": "PodMetrics",
  "apiVersion": "metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "metadata": {
    "name": "kube-scheduler-minikube",
    "namespace": "kube-system",
    "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/namespaces/kube-system/pods/kube-scheduler-minikube",
    "creationTimestamp": "2022-01-27T19:25:00Z"
  },
  "timestamp": "2022-01-27T19:24:31Z",
  "window": "30s",
  "containers": [
    {
      "name": "kube-scheduler",
      "usage": {
        "cpu": "9559630n",
        "memory": "22244Ki"
      }
    }
  ]
}

Response: This json code Resource metrics pipeline | The Metrics API is defined in the k8s.io/metrics repository. You must enable the API aggregation layer and register an APIService for the metrics.k8s.io API.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl create service loadbalancer NAME [--tcp=port:targetPort] [--dry-run=server|client|none]

Response: This bash code kubectl create service loadbalancer | If true, ignore any errors in templates when a field or map key is missing in the template. Only applies to golang and jsonpath output formats.

Context: kubectl create service loadbalancer | If true, ignore any errors in templates when a field or map key is missing in the template. Only applies to golang and jsonpath output formats.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Create a new LoadBalancer service named my-lbs
  kubectl create service loadbalancer my-lbs --tcp=5678:8080

Response: This text code kubectl create service loadbalancer | If true, ignore any errors in templates when a field or map key is missing in the template. Only applies to golang and jsonpath output formats.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl create service loadbalancer NAME [--tcp=port:targetPort] [--dry-run=server|client|none]

Response: This bash code kubectl create service loadbalancer | If true, ignore any errors in templates when a field or map key is missing in the template. Only applies to golang and jsonpath output formats.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Create a new LoadBalancer service named my-lbs
  kubectl create service loadbalancer my-lbs --tcp=5678:8080

Response: This text code kubectl create service loadbalancer | If true, ignore any errors in templates when a field or map key is missing in the template. Only applies to golang and jsonpath output formats.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: init-demo
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
    volumeMounts:
    - name: workdir
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
  # These containers are run during pod initialization

Response:
  initContainers:
  - name: install
    image: busybox:1.28
    command:
    - wget
    - "-O"
    - "/work-dir/index.html"
    - http://info.cern.ch
    volumeMounts:
    - name: workdir
      mountPath: "/work-dir"
  dnsPolicy: Default
  volumes:
  - name: workdir
    emptyDir: {}

Context: Configure Pod Initialization | In the configuration file, you can see that the Pod has a Volume that the init container and the application container share.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: init-demo
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
    volumeMounts:
    - name: workdir
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
  # These containers are run during pod initialization
  initContainers:
  - name: install
    image: busybox:1.28
    command:
    - wget
    - "-O"
    - "/work-dir/index.html"
    - http://info.cern.ch
    volumeMounts:
    - name: workdir
      mountPath: "/work-dir"
  dnsPolicy: Default
  volumes:
  - name: workdir
    emptyDir: {}

Response: This yaml code Configure Pod Initialization | In the configuration file, you can see that the Pod has a Volume that the init container and the application container share.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/init-containers.yaml

Response: This bash code Configure Pod Initialization | Verify that the nginx container is running:

Context: Configure Pod Initialization | Verify that the nginx container is running:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME        READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
init-demo   1/1       Running   0          1m

Response: This text code Configure Pod Initialization | Get a shell into the nginx container running in the init-demo Pod:

Context: Configure Pod Initialization | Get a shell into the nginx container running in the init-demo Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

root@nginx:~# apt-get update
root@nginx:~# apt-get install curl
root@nginx:~# curl localhost

Response: This text code Configure Pod Initialization | The output shows that nginx is serving the web page that was written by the init container:

Context: Configure Pod Initialization | The output shows that nginx is serving the web page that was written by the init container:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

<html><head></head><body><header>
<title>http://info.cern.ch</title>
</header>

Response:
http://info.cern.ch - home of the first website

  ...

Browse the first website

  ...

Context: Configure Pod Initialization |


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

<title>http://info.cern.ch</title>

http://info.cern.ch - home of the first website

  ...

Browse the first website

  ...

Response: This text code Configure Pod Initialization |

Context: Configure Pod Initialization |


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: init-demo
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
    volumeMounts:
    - name: workdir
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
  # These containers are run during pod initialization

Response:
  initContainers:
  - name: install
    image: busybox:1.28
    command:
    - wget
    - "-O"
    - "/work-dir/index.html"
    - http://info.cern.ch
    volumeMounts:
    - name: workdir
      mountPath: "/work-dir"
  dnsPolicy: Default
  volumes:
  - name: workdir
    emptyDir: {}


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: init-demo
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
    volumeMounts:
    - name: workdir
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
  # These containers are run during pod initialization
  initContainers:
  - name: install
    image: busybox:1.28
    command:
    - wget
    - "-O"
    - "/work-dir/index.html"
    - http://info.cern.ch
    volumeMounts:
    - name: workdir
      mountPath: "/work-dir"
  dnsPolicy: Default
  volumes:
  - name: workdir
    emptyDir: {}

Response: This yaml code Configure Pod Initialization | In the configuration file, you can see that the Pod has a Volume that the init container and the application container share.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/init-containers.yaml

Response: This shell code Configure Pod Initialization | Verify that the nginx container is running:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME        READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
init-demo   1/1       Running   0          1m

Response: This text code Configure Pod Initialization | Get a shell into the nginx container running in the init-demo Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

root@nginx:~# apt-get update
root@nginx:~# apt-get install curl
root@nginx:~# curl localhost

Response: This text code Configure Pod Initialization | The output shows that nginx is serving the web page that was written by the init container:


Prompt:
Complete this html code:

<html><head></head><body><header>
<title>http://info.cern.ch</title>
</header>

Response:
http://info.cern.ch - home of the first website

  ...

Browse the first website

  ...

Context: Configure Pod Initialization |