Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  shareProcessNamespace: true
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx

Response:
  - name: shell
    image: busybox:1.28
    command: ["sleep", "3600"]
    securityContext:
      capabilities:
        add:
        - SYS_PTRACE
    stdin: true
    tty: true

Context: 3.23 - Share Process Namespace between Containers in a Pod | Create the pod nginx on your cluster:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  shareProcessNamespace: true
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx
  - name: shell
    image: busybox:1.28
    command: ["sleep", "3600"]
    securityContext:
      capabilities:
        add:
        - SYS_PTRACE
    stdin: true
    tty: true

Response: This yaml code 3.23 - Share Process Namespace between Containers in a Pod | Create the pod nginx on your cluster:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/share-process-namespace.yaml

Response: This shell code 3.23 - Share Process Namespace between Containers in a Pod | Attach to the shell container and run ps:

Context: 3.23 - Share Process Namespace between Containers in a Pod | Attach to the shell container and run ps:


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

PID   USER     TIME  COMMAND
    1 root      0:00 /pause
    8 root      0:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;

Response:
   14 101       0:00 nginx: worker process
   15 root      0:00 sh
   21 root      0:00 ps ax

Context: 3.23 - Share Process Namespace between Containers in a Pod | You can signal processes in other containers. For example, send SIGHUP to nginx to restart the worker process. This requires the SYS_PTRACE capability.


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

PID   USER     TIME  COMMAND
    1 root      0:00 /pause
    8 root      0:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
   14 101       0:00 nginx: worker process
   15 root      0:00 sh
   21 root      0:00 ps ax

Response: This none code 3.23 - Share Process Namespace between Containers in a Pod | You can signal processes in other containers. For example, send SIGHUP to nginx to restart the worker process. This requires the SYS_PTRACE capability.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# run this inside the "shell" container
kill -HUP 8   # change "8" to match the PID of the nginx leader process, if necessary
ps ax

Response: This shell code 3.23 - Share Process Namespace between Containers in a Pod | The output is similar to this:

Context: 3.23 - Share Process Namespace between Containers in a Pod | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

PID   USER     TIME  COMMAND
    1 root      0:00 /pause
    8 root      0:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;

Response:
   15 root      0:00 sh
   22 101       0:00 nginx: worker process
   23 root      0:00 ps ax

Context: 3.23 - Share Process Namespace between Containers in a Pod | It's even possible to access the file system of another container using the /proc/$pid/root link.


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

PID   USER     TIME  COMMAND
    1 root      0:00 /pause
    8 root      0:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
   15 root      0:00 sh
   22 101       0:00 nginx: worker process
   23 root      0:00 ps ax

Response: This none code 3.23 - Share Process Namespace between Containers in a Pod | It's even possible to access the file system of another container using the /proc/$pid/root link.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# run this inside the "shell" container
# change "8" to the PID of the Nginx process, if necessary
head /proc/8/root/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

Response: This shell code 3.23 - Share Process Namespace between Containers in a Pod | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;

Response:
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;

Context: 3.23 - Share Process Namespace between Containers in a Pod | Pods share many resources so it makes sense they would also share a process namespace. Some containers may expect to be isolated from others, though, so it's important to understand the differences:


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;

Response: This none code 3.23 - Share Process Namespace between Containers in a Pod | Pods share many resources so it makes sense they would also share a process namespace. Some containers may expect to be isolated from others, though, so it's important to understand the differences:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: userns
spec:

Response:
  hostUsers: false
  containers:
  - name: shell
    command: ["sleep", "infinity"]
    image: debian

Context: 3.24 - Use a User Namespace With a Pod | Create the pod on your cluster:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: userns
spec:
  hostUsers: false
  containers:
  - name: shell
    command: ["sleep", "infinity"]
    image: debian

Response: This yaml code 3.24 - Use a User Namespace With a Pod | Create the pod on your cluster:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/user-namespaces-stateless.yaml

Response: This shell code 3.24 - Use a User Namespace With a Pod | Exec into the pod and run readlink /proc/self/ns/user:

Context: 3.24 - Use a User Namespace With a Pod | Exec into the pod and run readlink /proc/self/ns/user:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: image-volume
spec:
  containers:
  - name: shell
    command: ["sleep", "infinity"]

Response:
    image: debian
    volumeMounts:
    - name: volume
      mountPath: /volume
  volumes:
  - name: volume
    image:
      reference: quay.io/crio/artifact:v2
      pullPolicy: IfNotPresent

Context: 3.25 - Use an Image Volume With a Pod | Create the pod on your cluster:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: image-volume
spec:
  containers:
  - name: shell
    command: ["sleep", "infinity"]
    image: debian
    volumeMounts:
    - name: volume
      mountPath: /volume
  volumes:
  - name: volume
    image:
      reference: quay.io/crio/artifact:v2
      pullPolicy: IfNotPresent

Response: This yaml code 3.25 - Use an Image Volume With a Pod | Create the pod on your cluster:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/image-volumes.yaml

Response: This shell code 3.25 - Use an Image Volume With a Pod | Attach to the container:

Context: 3.25 - Use an Image Volume With a Pod | Attach to the container:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: image-volume
spec:
  containers:
  - name: shell
    command: ["sleep", "infinity"]
    image: debian

Response:
    volumeMounts:
    - name: volume
      mountPath: /volume
      subPath: dir
  volumes:
  - name: volume
    image:
      reference: quay.io/crio/artifact:v2
      pullPolicy: IfNotPresent


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: image-volume
spec:
  containers:
  - name: shell
    command: ["sleep", "infinity"]
    image: debian
    volumeMounts:
    - name: volume
      mountPath: /volume
      subPath: dir
  volumes:
  - name: volume
    image:
      reference: quay.io/crio/artifact:v2
      pullPolicy: IfNotPresent

Response: This yaml code 3.25 - Use an Image Volume With a Pod | Create the pod on your cluster:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/image-volumes-subpath.yaml

Response: This shell code 3.25 - Use an Image Volume With a Pod | Attach to the container:


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

# Run this command on the node where kubelet is running
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/manifests/
cat <<EOF >/etc/kubernetes/manifests/static-web.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: static-web
  labels:
    role: myrole

Response:
spec:
  containers:
    - name: web
      image: nginx
      ports:
        - name: web
          containerPort: 80
          protocol: TCP
EOF

Context: 3.26 - Create static Pods | Configure the kubelet on that node to set a staticPodPath value in the kubelet configuration file.See Set Kubelet Parameters Via A Configuration File for more information.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Run this command on the node where kubelet is running
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/manifests/
cat <<EOF >/etc/kubernetes/manifests/static-web.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: static-web
  labels:
    role: myrole
spec:
  containers:
    - name: web
      image: nginx
      ports:
        - name: web
          containerPort: 80
          protocol: TCP
EOF

Response: This shell code 3.26 - Create static Pods | Configure the kubelet on that node to set a staticPodPath value in the kubelet configuration file.See Set Kubelet Parameters Via A Configuration File for more information.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Run this command on the node where the kubelet is running
systemctl restart kubelet

Response: This shell code 3.26 - Create static Pods | Kubelet periodically downloads a file specified by --manifest-url=<URL> argument and interprets it as a JSON/YAML file that contains Pod definitions. Similar to how filesystem-hosted manifests work, t

Context: 3.26 - Create static Pods | Kubelet periodically downloads a file specified by --manifest-url=<URL> argument and interprets it as a JSON/YAML file that contains Pod definitions. Similar to how filesystem-hosted manifests work, t


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: static-web
  labels:
    role: myrole
spec:

Response:
  containers:
    - name: web
      image: nginx
      ports:
        - name: web
          containerPort: 80
          protocol: TCP

Context: 3.26 - Create static Pods | Configure the kubelet on your selected node to use this web manifest by running it with --manifest-url=<manifest-url>. On Fedora, edit /etc/kubernetes/kubelet to include this line:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: static-web
  labels:
    role: myrole
spec:
  containers:
    - name: web
      image: nginx
      ports:
        - name: web
          containerPort: 80
          protocol: TCP

Response: This yaml code 3.26 - Create static Pods | Configure the kubelet on your selected node to use this web manifest by running it with --manifest-url=<manifest-url>. On Fedora, edit /etc/kubernetes/kubelet to include this line:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

KUBELET_ARGS="--cluster-dns=10.254.0.10 --cluster-domain=kube.local --manifest-url=<manifest-url>"

Response: This shell code 3.26 - Create static Pods | Restart the kubelet. On Fedora, you would run:

Context: 3.26 - Create static Pods | Restart the kubelet. On Fedora, you would run:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Run this command on the node where the kubelet is running
systemctl restart kubelet

Response: This shell code 3.26 - Create static Pods | When the kubelet starts, it automatically starts all defined static Pods. As you have defined a static Pod and restarted the kubelet, the new static Pod should already be running.

Context: 3.26 - Create static Pods | When the kubelet starts, it automatically starts all defined static Pods. As you have defined a static Pod and restarted the kubelet, the new static Pod should already be running.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Run this command on the node where the kubelet is running
crictl ps

Response: This shell code 3.26 - Create static Pods | The output might be something like:

Context: 3.26 - Create static Pods | The output might be something like:


Prompt:
Explain this console code:

CONTAINER       IMAGE                                 CREATED           STATE      NAME    ATTEMPT    POD ID
129fd7d382018   docker.io/library/nginx@sha256:...    11 minutes ago    Running    web     0          34533c6729106

Response: This console code 3.26 - Create static Pods | You can see the mirror Pod on the API server:

Context: 3.26 - Create static Pods | You can see the mirror Pod on the API server:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

docker.io/library/nginx@sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31

Response: This bash code 3.26 - Create static Pods | You can see the mirror Pod on the API server:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                  READY   STATUS    RESTARTS        AGE
static-web-my-node1   1/1     Running   0               2m

Response: This text code 3.26 - Create static Pods | Labels from the static Pod are propagated into the mirror Pod. You can use those labels as normal via selectors, etc.

Context: 3.26 - Create static Pods | Labels from the static Pod are propagated into the mirror Pod. You can use those labels as normal via selectors, etc.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                  READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
static-web-my-node1   1/1     Running   0          4s

Response: This text code 3.26 - Create static Pods | Back on your node where the kubelet is running, you can try to stop the container manually. You'll see that, after a time, the kubelet will notice and will restart the Pod automatically:

Context: 3.26 - Create static Pods | Back on your node where the kubelet is running, you can try to stop the container manually. You'll see that, after a time, the kubelet will notice and will restart the Pod automatically:


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

# Run these commands on the node where the kubelet is running
crictl stop 129fd7d382018 # replace with the ID of your container

Response:
sleep 20
crictl ps

Context: 3.26 - Create static Pods | Once you identify the right container, you can get the logs for that container with crictl:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Run these commands on the node where the kubelet is running
crictl stop 129fd7d382018 # replace with the ID of your container
sleep 20
crictl ps

Response: This shell code 3.26 - Create static Pods | Once you identify the right container, you can get the logs for that container with crictl:


Prompt:
Explain this console code:

CONTAINER       IMAGE                                 CREATED           STATE      NAME    ATTEMPT    POD ID
89db4553e1eeb   docker.io/library/nginx@sha256:...    19 seconds ago    Running    web     1          34533c6729106

Response: This console code 3.26 - Create static Pods | Once you identify the right container, you can get the logs for that container with crictl:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Run these commands on the node where the container is running
crictl logs <container_id>

Response: This shell code 3.26 - Create static Pods | To find more about how to debug using crictl, please visit Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl.

Context: 3.26 - Create static Pods | To find more about how to debug using crictl, please visit Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl.


Prompt:
Explain this console code:

10.240.0.48 - - [16/Nov/2022:12:45:49 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.47.0" "-"
10.240.0.48 - - [16/Nov/2022:12:45:50 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.47.0" "-"
10.240.0.48 - - [16/Nove/2022:12:45:51 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.47.0" "-"

Response: This console code 3.26 - Create static Pods | To find more about how to debug using crictl, please visit Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl.


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

# This assumes you are using filesystem-hosted static Pod configuration
# Run these commands on the node where the container is running
#
mv /etc/kubernetes/manifests/static-web.yaml /tmp
sleep 20

Response:
crictl ps
# You see that no nginx container is running
mv /tmp/static-web.yaml  /etc/kubernetes/manifests/
sleep 20
crictl ps

Context: 3.26 - Create static Pods | What's Kompose? It's a conversion tool for all things compose (namely Docker Compose) to container orchestrators (Kubernetes or OpenShift).


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# This assumes you are using filesystem-hosted static Pod configuration
# Run these commands on the node where the container is running
#
mv /etc/kubernetes/manifests/static-web.yaml /tmp
sleep 20
crictl ps
# You see that no nginx container is running
mv /tmp/static-web.yaml  /etc/kubernetes/manifests/
sleep 20
crictl ps

Response: This shell code 3.26 - Create static Pods | What's Kompose? It's a conversion tool for all things compose (namely Docker Compose) to container orchestrators (Kubernetes or OpenShift).


Prompt:
Explain this console code:

CONTAINER       IMAGE                                 CREATED           STATE      NAME    ATTEMPT    POD ID
f427638871c35   docker.io/library/nginx@sha256:...    19 seconds ago    Running    web     1          34533c6729106

Response: This console code 3.26 - Create static Pods | What's Kompose? It's a conversion tool for all things compose (namely Docker Compose) to container orchestrators (Kubernetes or OpenShift).


Prompt:
Complete this sh code:

# Linux
curl -L https://github.com/kubernetes/kompose/releases/download/v1.34.0/kompose-linux-amd64 -o kompose

# macOS
curl -L https://github.com/kubernetes/kompose/releases/download/v1.34.0/kompose-darwin-amd64 -o kompose

Response:
# Windows
curl -L https://github.com/kubernetes/kompose/releases/download/v1.34.0/kompose-windows-amd64.exe -o kompose.exe

chmod +x kompose
sudo mv ./kompose /usr/local/bin/kompose

Context: 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | Alternatively, you can download the tarball.


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

# Linux
curl -L https://github.com/kubernetes/kompose/releases/download/v1.34.0/kompose-linux-amd64 -o kompose

# macOS
curl -L https://github.com/kubernetes/kompose/releases/download/v1.34.0/kompose-darwin-amd64 -o kompose

# Windows
curl -L https://github.com/kubernetes/kompose/releases/download/v1.34.0/kompose-windows-amd64.exe -o kompose.exe

chmod +x kompose
sudo mv ./kompose /usr/local/bin/kompose

Response: This sh code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | Alternatively, you can download the tarball.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

services:

  redis-leader:
    container_name: redis-leader
    image: redis
    ports:
      - "6379"

  redis-replica:
    container_name: redis-replica
    image: redis
    ports:

Response:
      - "6379"
    command: redis-server --replicaof redis-leader 6379 --dir /tmp

  web:
    container_name: web
    image: quay.io/kompose/web
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    environment:
      - GET_HOSTS_FROM=dns
    labels:
      kompose.service.type: LoadBalancer

Context: 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | To convert the docker-compose.yml file to files that you can use with kubectl, run kompose convert and then kubectl apply -f <output file>.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

services:

  redis-leader:
    container_name: redis-leader
    image: redis
    ports:
      - "6379"

  redis-replica:
    container_name: redis-replica
    image: redis
    ports:
      - "6379"
    command: redis-server --replicaof redis-leader 6379 --dir /tmp

  web:
    container_name: web
    image: quay.io/kompose/web
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    environment:
      - GET_HOSTS_FROM=dns
    labels:
      kompose.service.type: LoadBalancer

Response: This yaml code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | To convert the docker-compose.yml file to files that you can use with kubectl, run kompose convert and then kubectl apply -f <output file>.


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

INFO Kubernetes file "redis-leader-service.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-replica-service.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-tcp-service.yaml" created

Response:
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-leader-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-replica-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-deployment.yaml" created

Context: 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | The output is similar to:


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

INFO Kubernetes file "redis-leader-service.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-replica-service.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-tcp-service.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-leader-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-replica-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-deployment.yaml" created

Response: This none code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | The output is similar to:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f web-tcp-service.yaml,redis-leader-service.yaml,redis-replica-service.yaml,web-deployment.yaml,redis-leader-deployment.yaml,redis-replica-deployment.yaml

Response: This bash code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | The output is similar to:


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

deployment.apps/redis-leader created
deployment.apps/redis-replica created
deployment.apps/web created

Response:
service/redis-leader created
service/redis-replica created
service/web-tcp created

Context: 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | Your deployments are running in Kubernetes.


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

deployment.apps/redis-leader created
deployment.apps/redis-replica created
deployment.apps/web created
service/redis-leader created
service/redis-replica created
service/web-tcp created

Response: This none code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | Your deployments are running in Kubernetes.


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

Name:                     web-tcp
 Namespace:                default
 Labels:                   io.kompose.service=web-tcp
 Annotations:              kompose.cmd: kompose convert
                           kompose.service.type: LoadBalancer
                           kompose.version: 1.33.0 (3ce457399)
 Selector:                 io.kompose.service=web
 Type:                     LoadBalancer
 IP Family Policy:         SingleStack

Response:
 IP Families:              IPv4
 IP:                       10.102.30.3
 IPs:                      10.102.30.3
 Port:                     8080  8080/TCP
 TargetPort:               8080/TCP
 NodePort:                 8080  31624/TCP
 Endpoints:                10.244.0.5:8080
 Session Affinity:         None
 External Traffic Policy:  Cluster
 Events:                   <none>

Context: 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | If you're using a cloud provider, your IP will be listed next to LoadBalancer Ingress.


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

Name:                     web-tcp
 Namespace:                default
 Labels:                   io.kompose.service=web-tcp
 Annotations:              kompose.cmd: kompose convert
                           kompose.service.type: LoadBalancer
                           kompose.version: 1.33.0 (3ce457399)
 Selector:                 io.kompose.service=web
 Type:                     LoadBalancer
 IP Family Policy:         SingleStack
 IP Families:              IPv4
 IP:                       10.102.30.3
 IPs:                      10.102.30.3
 Port:                     8080  8080/TCP
 TargetPort:               8080/TCP
 NodePort:                 8080  31624/TCP
 Endpoints:                10.244.0.5:8080
 Session Affinity:         None
 External Traffic Policy:  Cluster
 Events:                   <none>

Response: This none code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | If you're using a cloud provider, your IP will be listed next to LoadBalancer Ingress.


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

kubectl delete -f web-tcp-service.yaml,redis-leader-service.yaml,redis-replica-service.yaml,web-deployment.yaml,redis-leader-deployment.yaml,redis-replica-deployment.yaml

Response: This sh code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | Kompose has support for two providers: OpenShift and Kubernetes. You can choose a targeted provider using global option --provider. If no provider is specified, Kubernetes is set by default.

Context: 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | Kompose has support for two providers: OpenShift and Kubernetes. You can choose a targeted provider using global option --provider. If no provider is specified, Kubernetes is set by default.


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

WARN Unsupported key networks - ignoring
WARN Unsupported key build - ignoring
INFO Kubernetes file "worker-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "db-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "result-svc.yaml" created

Response:
INFO Kubernetes file "vote-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "result-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "vote-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "worker-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "db-deployment.yaml" created

Context: 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | You can also provide multiple docker-compose files at the same time:


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

WARN Unsupported key networks - ignoring
WARN Unsupported key build - ignoring
INFO Kubernetes file "worker-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "db-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "result-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "vote-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "result-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "vote-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "worker-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "db-deployment.yaml" created

Response: This none code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | You can also provide multiple docker-compose files at the same time:


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

db-deployment.yaml  docker-compose.yml         docker-gitlab.yml  redis-deployment.yaml  result-deployment.yaml  vote-deployment.yaml  worker-deployment.yaml
db-svc.yaml         docker-voting.yml          redis-svc.yaml     result-svc.yaml        vote-svc.yaml           worker-svc.yaml

Response: This none code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | You can also provide multiple docker-compose files at the same time:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kompose -f docker-compose.yml -f docker-guestbook.yml convert

Response: This shell code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | When multiple docker-compose files are provided the configuration is merged. Any configuration that is common will be overridden by subsequent file.

Context: 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | When multiple docker-compose files are provided the configuration is merged. Any configuration that is common will be overridden by subsequent file.


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

INFO Kubernetes file "frontend-service.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "mlbparks-service.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "mongodb-service.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-master-service.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-slave-service.yaml" created

Response:
INFO Kubernetes file "frontend-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "mlbparks-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "mongodb-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "mongodb-claim0-persistentvolumeclaim.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-master-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-slave-deployment.yaml" created


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

INFO Kubernetes file "frontend-service.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "mlbparks-service.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "mongodb-service.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-master-service.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-slave-service.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "frontend-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "mlbparks-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "mongodb-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "mongodb-claim0-persistentvolumeclaim.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-master-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-slave-deployment.yaml" created

Response: This none code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | When multiple docker-compose files are provided the configuration is merged. Any configuration that is common will be overridden by subsequent file.


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

mlbparks-deployment.yaml  mongodb-service.yaml                       redis-slave-service.jsonmlbparks-service.yaml
frontend-deployment.yaml  mongodb-claim0-persistentvolumeclaim.yaml  redis-master-service.yaml

Response:
frontend-service.yaml     mongodb-deployment.yaml                    redis-slave-deployment.yaml
redis-master-deployment.yaml


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

mlbparks-deployment.yaml  mongodb-service.yaml                       redis-slave-service.jsonmlbparks-service.yaml
frontend-deployment.yaml  mongodb-claim0-persistentvolumeclaim.yaml  redis-master-service.yaml
frontend-service.yaml     mongodb-deployment.yaml                    redis-slave-deployment.yaml
redis-master-deployment.yaml

Response: This none code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | When multiple docker-compose files are provided the configuration is merged. Any configuration that is common will be overridden by subsequent file.


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

kompose --provider openshift --file docker-voting.yml convert

Response: This sh code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | It also supports creating buildconfig for build directive in a service. By default, it uses the remote repo for the current git branch as the source repo, and the current branch as the source branch f

Context: 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | It also supports creating buildconfig for build directive in a service. By default, it uses the remote repo for the current git branch as the source repo, and the current branch as the source branch f


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

WARN [worker] Service cannot be created because of missing port.
INFO OpenShift file "vote-service.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "db-service.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "redis-service.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "result-service.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "vote-deploymentconfig.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "vote-imagestream.yaml" created

Response:
INFO OpenShift file "worker-deploymentconfig.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "worker-imagestream.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "db-deploymentconfig.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "db-imagestream.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "redis-deploymentconfig.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "redis-imagestream.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "result-deploymentconfig.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "result-imagestream.yaml" created


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

WARN [worker] Service cannot be created because of missing port.
INFO OpenShift file "vote-service.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "db-service.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "redis-service.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "result-service.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "vote-deploymentconfig.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "vote-imagestream.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "worker-deploymentconfig.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "worker-imagestream.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "db-deploymentconfig.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "db-imagestream.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "redis-deploymentconfig.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "redis-imagestream.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "result-deploymentconfig.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "result-imagestream.yaml" created

Response: This none code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | It also supports creating buildconfig for build directive in a service. By default, it uses the remote repo for the current git branch as the source repo, and the current branch as the source branch f


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

kompose --provider openshift --file buildconfig/docker-compose.yml convert

Response: This sh code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | The default kompose transformation will generate Kubernetes Deployments and Services, in yaml format. You have alternative option to generate json with -j. Also, you can alternatively generate Replica

Context: 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | The default kompose transformation will generate Kubernetes Deployments and Services, in yaml format. You have alternative option to generate json with -j. Also, you can alternatively generate Replica


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

WARN [foo] Service cannot be created because of missing port.
INFO OpenShift Buildconfig using git@github.com:rtnpro/kompose.git::master as source.

Response:
INFO OpenShift file "foo-deploymentconfig.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "foo-imagestream.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "foo-buildconfig.yaml" created


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

WARN [foo] Service cannot be created because of missing port.
INFO OpenShift Buildconfig using git@github.com:rtnpro/kompose.git::master as source.
INFO OpenShift file "foo-deploymentconfig.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "foo-imagestream.yaml" created
INFO OpenShift file "foo-buildconfig.yaml" created

Response: This none code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | The default kompose transformation will generate Kubernetes Deployments and Services, in yaml format. You have alternative option to generate json with -j. Also, you can alternatively generate Replica


Prompt:
Complete this sh code:

kompose convert -j
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-svc.json" created

Response:
INFO Kubernetes file "web-svc.json" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-deployment.json" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-deployment.json" created

Context: 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | The *-deployment.json files contain the Deployment objects.


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

kompose convert -j
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-svc.json" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-svc.json" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-deployment.json" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-deployment.json" created

Response: This sh code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | The *-deployment.json files contain the Deployment objects.


Prompt:
Complete this sh code:

kompose convert --replication-controller
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-svc.yaml" created

Response:
INFO Kubernetes file "web-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-replicationcontroller.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-replicationcontroller.yaml" created

Context: 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | The *-replicationcontroller.yaml files contain the Replication Controller objects. If you want to specify replicas (default is 1), use --replicas flag: kompose convert --replication-controller --repli


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

kompose convert --replication-controller
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-replicationcontroller.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-replicationcontroller.yaml" created

Response: This sh code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | The *-replicationcontroller.yaml files contain the Replication Controller objects. If you want to specify replicas (default is 1), use --replicas flag: kompose convert --replication-controller --repli


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kompose convert --replication-controller --replicas 3

Response: This text code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | The *-daemonset.yaml files contain the DaemonSet objects.

Context: 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | The *-daemonset.yaml files contain the DaemonSet objects.


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

kompose convert --daemon-set
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-svc.yaml" created

Response:
INFO Kubernetes file "web-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-daemonset.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-daemonset.yaml" created


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kompose convert --daemon-set
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-daemonset.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-daemonset.yaml" created

Response: This shell code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | The *-daemonset.yaml files contain the DaemonSet objects.


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

INFO Kubernetes file "web-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-svc.yaml" created

Response:
INFO Kubernetes file "web-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-deployment.yaml" created
chart created in "./docker-compose/"

Context: 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | The chart structure is aimed at providing a skeleton for building your Helm charts.


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

INFO Kubernetes file "web-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-deployment.yaml" created
chart created in "./docker-compose/"

Response: This none code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | The chart structure is aimed at providing a skeleton for building your Helm charts.


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

docker-compose
├── Chart.yaml
├── README.md
└── templates

Response:
    ├── redis-deployment.yaml
    ├── redis-svc.yaml
    ├── web-deployment.yaml
    └── web-svc.yaml


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

docker-compose
├── Chart.yaml
├── README.md
└── templates
    ├── redis-deployment.yaml
    ├── redis-svc.yaml
    ├── web-deployment.yaml
    └── web-svc.yaml

Response: This none code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | The chart structure is aimed at providing a skeleton for building your Helm charts.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

version: "2"
services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx
    dockerfile: foobar

Response:
    build: ./foobar
    cap_add:
      - ALL
    container_name: foobar
    labels:
      kompose.service.type: nodeport

Context: 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | kompose.service.expose defines if the service needs to be made accessible from outside the cluster or not. If the value is set to "true", the provider sets the endpoint automatically, and for any othe


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

version: "2"
services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx
    dockerfile: foobar
    build: ./foobar
    cap_add:
      - ALL
    container_name: foobar
    labels:
      kompose.service.type: nodeport

Response: This yaml code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | kompose.service.expose defines if the service needs to be made accessible from outside the cluster or not. If the value is set to "true", the provider sets the endpoint automatically, and for any othe


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

version: "2"
services:
  web:
    image: tuna/docker-counter23
    ports:
    - "5000:5000"
    links:

Response:
    - redis
    labels:
      kompose.service.expose: "counter.example.com"
  redis:
    image: redis:3.0
    ports:
    - "6379"

Context: 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | The currently supported options are:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

version: "2"
services:
  web:
    image: tuna/docker-counter23
    ports:
    - "5000:5000"
    links:
    - redis
    labels:
      kompose.service.expose: "counter.example.com"
  redis:
    image: redis:3.0
    ports:
    - "6379"

Response: This yaml code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | The currently supported options are:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

version: '2'

services:

Response:
  pival:
    image: perl
    command: ["perl",  "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
    restart: "on-failure"

Context: 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | If the Docker Compose file has a volume specified for a service, the Deployment (Kubernetes) or DeploymentConfig (OpenShift) strategy is changed to "Recreate" instead of "RollingUpdate" (default). Thi


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

version: '2'

services:
  pival:
    image: perl
    command: ["perl",  "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
    restart: "on-failure"

Response: This yaml code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | If the Docker Compose file has a volume specified for a service, the Deployment (Kubernetes) or DeploymentConfig (OpenShift) strategy is changed to "Recreate" instead of "RollingUpdate" (default). Thi


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: AdmissionConfiguration
plugins:
- name: PodSecurity
  configuration:
    apiVersion: pod-security.admission.config.k8s.io/v1 # see compatibility note
    kind: PodSecurityConfiguration
    # Defaults applied when a mode label is not set.
    #
    # Level label values must be one of:
    # - "privileged" (default)
    # - "baseline"
    # - "restricted"
    #
    # Version label values must be one of:

Response:
    # - "latest" (default)
    # - specific version like "v1.34"
    defaults:
      enforce: "privileged"
      enforce-version: "latest"
      audit: "privileged"
      audit-version: "latest"
      warn: "privileged"
      warn-version: "latest"
    exemptions:
      # Array of authenticated usernames to exempt.
      usernames: []
      # Array of runtime class names to exempt.
      runtimeClasses: []
      # Array of namespaces to exempt.
      namespaces: []

Context: 3.28 - Enforce Pod Security Standards by Configuring the Built-in Admission Controller | Namespaces can be labeled to enforce the Pod Security Standards. The three policies privileged, baseline and restricted broadly cover the security spectrum and are implemented by the Pod Security admi


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: AdmissionConfiguration
plugins:
- name: PodSecurity
  configuration:
    apiVersion: pod-security.admission.config.k8s.io/v1 # see compatibility note
    kind: PodSecurityConfiguration
    # Defaults applied when a mode label is not set.
    #
    # Level label values must be one of:
    # - "privileged" (default)
    # - "baseline"
    # - "restricted"
    #
    # Version label values must be one of:
    # - "latest" (default)
    # - specific version like "v1.34"
    defaults:
      enforce: "privileged"
      enforce-version: "latest"
      audit: "privileged"
      audit-version: "latest"
      warn: "privileged"
      warn-version: "latest"
    exemptions:
      # Array of authenticated usernames to exempt.
      usernames: []
      # Array of runtime class names to exempt.
      runtimeClasses: []
      # Array of namespaces to exempt.
      namespaces: []

Response: This yaml code 3.28 - Enforce Pod Security Standards by Configuring the Built-in Admission Controller | Namespaces can be labeled to enforce the Pod Security Standards. The three policies privileged, baseline and restricted broadly cover the security spectrum and are implemented by the Pod Security admi


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: my-baseline-namespace
  labels:
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: baseline

Response:
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce-version: v1.34

    # We are setting these to our _desired_ `enforce` level.
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit: restricted
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit-version: v1.34
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn: restricted
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn-version: v1.34

Context: 3.29 - Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels | It is helpful to apply the --dry-run flag when initially evaluating security profile changes for namespaces. The Pod Security Standard checks will still be run in dry run mode, giving you information


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: my-baseline-namespace
  labels:
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: baseline
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce-version: v1.34

    # We are setting these to our _desired_ `enforce` level.
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit: restricted
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit-version: v1.34
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn: restricted
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn-version: v1.34

Response: This yaml code 3.29 - Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels | It is helpful to apply the --dry-run flag when initially evaluating security profile changes for namespaces. The Pod Security Standard checks will still be run in dry run mode, giving you information


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl label --dry-run=server --overwrite ns --all \
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce=baseline

Response: This shell code 3.29 - Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels | If you're just getting started with the Pod Security Standards, a suitable first step would be to configure all namespaces with audit annotations for a stricter level such as baseline:

Context: 3.29 - Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels | If you're just getting started with the Pod Security Standards, a suitable first step would be to configure all namespaces with audit annotations for a stricter level such as baseline:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl label --overwrite ns --all \
  pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit=baseline \
  pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn=baseline

Response: This shell code 3.29 - Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels | Note that this is not setting an enforce level, so that namespaces that haven't been explicitly evaluated can be distinguished. You can list namespaces without an explicitly set enforce level using th

Context: 3.29 - Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels | Note that this is not setting an enforce level, so that namespaces that haven't been explicitly evaluated can be distinguished. You can list namespaces without an explicitly set enforce level using th


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get namespaces --selector='!pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce'

Response: This shell code 3.29 - Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels | You can update a specific namespace as well. This command adds the enforce=restricted policy to my-existing-namespace, pinning the restricted policy version to v1.34.

Context: 3.29 - Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels | You can update a specific namespace as well. This command adds the enforce=restricted policy to my-existing-namespace, pinning the restricted policy version to v1.34.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl label --overwrite ns my-existing-namespace \
  pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce=restricted \
  pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce-version=v1.34

Response: This shell code 3.29 - Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels | This page describes the process of migrating from PodSecurityPolicies to the built-in PodSecurity admission controller. This can be done effectively using a combination of dry-run and audit and warn m

Context: 3.29 - Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels | This page describes the process of migrating from PodSecurityPolicies to the built-in PodSecurity admission controller. This can be done effectively using a combination of dry-run and audit and warn m


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

.metadata.annotations['seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName']

Response: This text code 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | There are several fields in PodSecurityPolicy that are not covered by the Pod Security Standards. If you must enforce these options, you will need to supplement Pod Security Admission with an admissio

Context: 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | There are several fields in PodSecurityPolicy that are not covered by the Pod Security Standards. If you must enforce these options, you will need to supplement Pod Security Admission with an admissio


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

.metadata.annotations['apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName']

Response: This text code 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | There are several fields in PodSecurityPolicy that are not covered by the Pod Security Standards. If you must enforce these options, you will need to supplement Pod Security Admission with an admissio


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

PSP_NAME="original" # Set the name of the PSP you're checking for
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o jsonpath="{range .items[?(@.metadata.annotations.kubernetes\.io\/psp=='$PSP_NAME')]}{.metadata.namespace} {.metadata.name}{'\n'}{end}"

Response: This sh code 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | The following steps will need to be performed on every namespace in the cluster. Commands referenced in these steps use the $NAMESPACE variable to refer to the namespace being updated.

Context: 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | The following steps will need to be performed on every namespace in the cluster. Commands referenced in these steps use the $NAMESPACE variable to refer to the namespace being updated.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

.metadata.annotations['container.apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/*']

Response: This text code 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | The following steps will need to be performed on every namespace in the cluster. Commands referenced in these steps use the $NAMESPACE variable to refer to the namespace being updated.


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

kubectl get pods -n $NAMESPACE -o jsonpath="{.items[*].metadata.annotations.kubernetes\.io\/psp}" | tr " " "\n" | sort -u

Response: This sh code 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | Once you have selected a Pod Security level for the namespace (or if you're trying several), it's a good idea to test it out first (you can skip this step if using the Privileged level). Pod Security

Context: 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | Once you have selected a Pod Security level for the namespace (or if you're trying several), it's a good idea to test it out first (you can skip this step if using the Privileged level). Pod Security


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

# $LEVEL is the level to dry-run, either "baseline" or "restricted".
kubectl label --dry-run=server --overwrite ns $NAMESPACE pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce=$LEVEL

Response: This sh code 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | This command will return a warning for any existing pods that are not valid under the proposed level.

Context: 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | This command will return a warning for any existing pods that are not valid under the proposed level.


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

kubectl label --overwrite ns $NAMESPACE pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit=$LEVEL

Response: This sh code 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | If either of these approaches yield unexpected violations, you will need to either update the violating workloads to meet the policy requirements, or relax the namespace Pod Security level.

Context: 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | If either of these approaches yield unexpected violations, you will need to either update the violating workloads to meet the policy requirements, or relax the namespace Pod Security level.


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

kubectl label --overwrite ns $NAMESPACE pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce=$LEVEL

Response: This sh code 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | Finally, you can effectively bypass PodSecurityPolicy at the namespace level by binding the fully privileged PSP to all service accounts in the namespace.

Context: 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | Finally, you can effectively bypass PodSecurityPolicy at the namespace level by binding the fully privileged PSP to all service accounts in the namespace.


Prompt:
Complete this sh code:

# The following cluster-scoped commands are only needed once.
kubectl apply -f privileged-psp.yaml
kubectl create clusterrole privileged-psp --verb use --resource podsecuritypolicies.policy --resource-name privileged

Response:
# Per-namespace disable
kubectl create -n $NAMESPACE rolebinding disable-psp --clusterrole privileged-psp --group system:serviceaccounts:$NAMESPACE

Context: 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | Since the privileged PSP is non-mutating, and the PSP admission controller always prefers non-mutating PSPs, this will ensure that pods in this namespace are no longer being modified or restricted by


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

# The following cluster-scoped commands are only needed once.
kubectl apply -f privileged-psp.yaml
kubectl create clusterrole privileged-psp --verb use --resource podsecuritypolicies.policy --resource-name privileged

# Per-namespace disable
kubectl create -n $NAMESPACE rolebinding disable-psp --clusterrole privileged-psp --group system:serviceaccounts:$NAMESPACE

Response: This sh code 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | Since the privileged PSP is non-mutating, and the PSP admission controller always prefers non-mutating PSPs, this will ensure that pods in this namespace are no longer being modified or restricted by


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

# Undo PodSecurityPolicy disablement.
kubectl delete -n $NAMESPACE rolebinding disable-psp

Response: This sh code 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | Now that existing namespaces have been updated to enforce Pod Security Admission, you should ensure that your processes and/or policies for creating new namespaces are updated to ensure that an approp

Context: 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | Now that existing namespaces have been updated to enforce Pod Security Admission, you should ensure that your processes and/or policies for creating new namespaces are updated to ensure that an approp


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

I0218 00:59:44.903329      13 plugins.go:158] Loaded 16 mutating admission controller(s) successfully in the following order: NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,NodeRestriction,TaintNodesByCondition,Priority,DefaultTolerationSeconds,ExtendedResourceToleration,PersistentVolumeLabel,DefaultStorageClass,StorageObjectInUseProtection,RuntimeClass,DefaultIngressClass,MutatingAdmissionWebhook.
I0218 00:59:44.903350      13 plugins.go:161] Loaded 14 validating admission controller(s) successfully in the following order: LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,PodSecurity,Priority,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,RuntimeClass,CertificateApproval,CertificateSigning,CertificateSubjectRestriction,DenyServiceExternalIPs,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota.

Response: This text code 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | You should see PodSecurity (in the validating admission controllers), and neither list should contain PodSecurityPolicy.

Context: 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | You should see PodSecurity (in the validating admission controllers), and neither list should contain PodSecurityPolicy.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

I0805 10:43:25.129850   46757 schema.go:126] unknown field: commnd
I0805 10:43:25.129973   46757 schema.go:129] this may be a false alarm, see https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/6842
pods/mypod

Response: This shell code 4.3.1 - Debug Pods | The next thing to check is whether the pod on the apiserver matches the pod you meant to create (e.g. in a yaml file on your local machine). For example, run kubectl get pods/mypod -o yaml > mypod-on-

Context: 4.3.1 - Debug Pods | The next thing to check is whether the pod on the apiserver matches the pod you meant to create (e.g. in a yaml file on your local machine). For example, run kubectl get pods/mypod -o yaml > mypod-on-


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pods/mypod -o yaml > mypod-on-apiserver.yaml

Response: This bash code 4.3.1 - Debug Pods | Replication controllers are fairly straightforward. They can either create Pods or they can't. If they can't create pods, then please refer to the instructions above to debug your pods.

Context: 4.3.1 - Debug Pods | Replication controllers are fairly straightforward. They can either create Pods or they can't. If they can't create pods, then please refer to the instructions above to debug your pods.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get endpointslices -l kubernetes.io/service-name=${SERVICE_NAME}

Response: This shell code 4.3.1 - Debug Pods | Make sure that the endpoints in the EndpointSlices match up with the number of pods that you expect to be members of your service. For example, if your Service is for an nginx container with 3 replica

Context: 4.3.1 - Debug Pods | Make sure that the endpoints in the EndpointSlices match up with the number of pods that you expect to be members of your service. For example, if your Service is for an nginx container with 3 replica


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

...
spec:

Response:
  - selector:
     name: nginx
     type: frontend

Context: 4.3.1 - Debug Pods | You can use:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

...
spec:
  - selector:
     name: nginx
     type: frontend

Response: This yaml code 4.3.1 - Debug Pods | You can use:

Context: 4.3.1 - Debug Pods | You can use:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pods --selector=name=nginx,type=frontend

Response: This shell code 4.3.1 - Debug Pods | to list pods that match this selector. Verify that the list matches the Pods that you expect to provide your Service. Verify that the pod's containerPort matches up with the Service's targetPort

Context: 4.3.1 - Debug Pods | to list pods that match this selector. Verify that the list matches the Pods that you expect to provide your Service. Verify that the pod's containerPort matches up with the Service's targetPort


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

kubectl run -it --rm --restart=Never busybox --image=gcr.io/google-containers/busybox sh

Response: This none code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you already have a running Pod that you prefer to use, you can run a command in it using:

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you already have a running Pod that you prefer to use, you can run a command in it using:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl exec <POD-NAME> -c <CONTAINER-NAME> -- <COMMAND>

Response: This shell code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | For the purposes of this walk-through, let's run some Pods. Since you're probably debugging your own Service you can substitute your own details, or you can follow along and get a second data point.

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | For the purposes of this walk-through, let's run some Pods. Since you're probably debugging your own Service you can substitute your own details, or you can follow along and get a second data point.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl create deployment hostnames --image=registry.k8s.io/serve_hostname

Response: This shell code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | kubectl commands will print the type and name of the resource created or mutated, which can then be used in subsequent commands.

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | kubectl commands will print the type and name of the resource created or mutated, which can then be used in subsequent commands.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: hostnames
  name: hostnames
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:

Response:
      app: hostnames
  replicas: 3
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: hostnames
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: hostnames
        image: registry.k8s.io/serve_hostname

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | The label "app" is automatically set by kubectl create deployment to the name of the Deployment.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: hostnames
  name: hostnames
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: hostnames
  replicas: 3
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: hostnames
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: hostnames
        image: registry.k8s.io/serve_hostname

Response: This yaml code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | The label "app" is automatically set by kubectl create deployment to the name of the Deployment.


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

NAME                        READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
hostnames-632524106-bbpiw   1/1       Running   0          2m

Response:
hostnames-632524106-ly40y   1/1       Running   0          2m
hostnames-632524106-tlaok   1/1       Running   0          2m

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | You can also confirm that your Pods are serving. You can get the list of Pod IP addresses and test them directly.


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

NAME                        READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
hostnames-632524106-bbpiw   1/1       Running   0          2m
hostnames-632524106-ly40y   1/1       Running   0          2m
hostnames-632524106-tlaok   1/1       Running   0          2m

Response: This none code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | You can also confirm that your Pods are serving. You can get the list of Pod IP addresses and test them directly.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pods -l app=hostnames \
    -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{.status.podIP}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}'

Response: This shell code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | The example container used for this walk-through serves its own hostname via HTTP on port 9376, but if you are debugging your own app, you'll want to use whatever port number your Pods are listening o

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | The example container used for this walk-through serves its own hostname via HTTP on port 9376, but if you are debugging your own app, you'll want to use whatever port number your Pods are listening o


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

for ep in 10.244.0.5:9376 10.244.0.6:9376 10.244.0.7:9376; do
    wget -qO- $ep
done

Response: This shell code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | This should produce something like:

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | This should produce something like:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

hostnames-632524106-bbpiw
hostnames-632524106-ly40y
hostnames-632524106-tlaok

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you are not getting the responses you expect at this point, your Pods might not be healthy or might not be listening on the port you think they are. You might find kubectl logs to be useful for see

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you are not getting the responses you expect at this point, your Pods might not be healthy or might not be listening on the port you think they are. You might find kubectl logs to be useful for see


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

Resolving hostnames (hostnames)... failed: Name or service not known.
wget: unable to resolve host address 'hostnames'

Response: This none code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | The first thing to check is whether that Service actually exists:

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | The first thing to check is whether that Service actually exists:


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

No resources found.
Error from server (NotFound): services "hostnames" not found

Response: This none code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | Let's create the Service. As before, this is for the walk-through - you can use your own Service's details here.

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | Let's create the Service. As before, this is for the walk-through - you can use your own Service's details here.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl expose deployment hostnames --port=80 --target-port=9376

Response: This shell code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | And read it back:

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | And read it back:


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

NAME        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
hostnames   ClusterIP   10.0.1.175   <none>        80/TCP    5s

Response: This none code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | Now you know that the Service exists.

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | Now you know that the Service exists.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: hostnames
  name: hostnames
spec:

Response:
  selector:
    app: hostnames
  ports:
  - name: default
    protocol: TCP
    port: 80
    targetPort: 9376

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | In order to highlight the full range of configuration, the Service you created here uses a different port number than the Pods. For many real-world Services, these values might be the same.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: hostnames
  name: hostnames
spec:
  selector:
    app: hostnames
  ports:
  - name: default
    protocol: TCP
    port: 80
    targetPort: 9376

Response: This yaml code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | In order to highlight the full range of configuration, the Service you created here uses a different port number than the Pods. For many real-world Services, these values might be the same.


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Response:
Name:      hostnames
Address 1: 10.0.1.175 hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If this fails, perhaps your Pod and Service are in different Namespaces, try a namespace-qualified name (again, from within a Pod):


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name:      hostnames
Address 1: 10.0.1.175 hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local

Response: This none code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If this fails, perhaps your Pod and Service are in different Namespaces, try a namespace-qualified name (again, from within a Pod):


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Response:
Name:      hostnames.default
Address 1: 10.0.1.175 hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If this works, you'll need to adjust your app to use a cross-namespace name, or run your app and Service in the same Namespace. If this still fails, try a fully-qualified name:


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name:      hostnames.default
Address 1: 10.0.1.175 hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local

Response: This none code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If this works, you'll need to adjust your app to use a cross-namespace name, or run your app and Service in the same Namespace. If this still fails, try a fully-qualified name:


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Response:
Name:      hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local
Address 1: 10.0.1.175 hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | Note the suffix here: "default.svc.cluster.local". The "default" is the Namespace you're operating in. The "svc" denotes that this is a Service. The "cluster.local" is your cluster domain, which COULD


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name:      hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local
Address 1: 10.0.1.175 hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local

Response: This none code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | Note the suffix here: "default.svc.cluster.local". The "default" is the Namespace you're operating in. The "svc" denotes that this is a Service. The "cluster.local" is your cluster domain, which COULD


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

nslookup hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local 10.0.0.10

Response: This shell code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you are able to do a fully-qualified name lookup but not a relative one, you need to check that your /etc/resolv.conf file in your Pod is correct. From within a Pod:

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you are able to do a fully-qualified name lookup but not a relative one, you need to check that your /etc/resolv.conf file in your Pod is correct. From within a Pod:


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

Server:         10.0.0.10
Address:        10.0.0.10#53

Response:
Name:   hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local
Address: 10.0.1.175


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

Server:         10.0.0.10
Address:        10.0.0.10#53

Name:   hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local
Address: 10.0.1.175

Response: This none code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you are able to do a fully-qualified name lookup but not a relative one, you need to check that your /etc/resolv.conf file in your Pod is correct. From within a Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

nameserver 10.0.0.10
search default.svc.cluster.local svc.cluster.local cluster.local example.com
options ndots:5

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | The nameserver line must indicate your cluster's DNS Service. This is passed into kubelet with the --cluster-dns flag.

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | The nameserver line must indicate your cluster's DNS Service. This is passed into kubelet with the --cluster-dns flag.


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

Server:    10.0.0.10
Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Response:
Name:      kubernetes.default
Address 1: 10.0.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If this fails, please see the kube-proxy section of this document, or even go back to the top of this document and start over, but instead of debugging your own Service, debug the DNS Service.


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

Server:    10.0.0.10
Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name:      kubernetes.default
Address 1: 10.0.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

Response: This none code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If this fails, please see the kube-proxy section of this document, or even go back to the top of this document and start over, but instead of debugging your own Service, debug the DNS Service.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

for i in $(seq 1 3); do
    wget -qO- 10.0.1.175:80
done

Response: This shell code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | This should produce something like:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

hostnames-632524106-bbpiw
hostnames-632524106-ly40y
hostnames-632524106-tlaok

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If your Service is working, you should get correct responses. If not, there are a number of things that could be going wrong. Read on.

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If your Service is working, you should get correct responses. If not, there are a number of things that could be going wrong. Read on.


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

{
    "kind": "Service",
    "apiVersion": "v1",
    "metadata": {
        "name": "hostnames",
        "namespace": "default",
        "uid": "428c8b6c-24bc-11e5-936d-42010af0a9bc",
        "resourceVersion": "347189",
        "creationTimestamp": "2015-07-07T15:24:29Z",
        "labels": {
            "app": "hostnames"
        }
    },
    "spec": {
        "ports": [
            {
                "name": "default",

Response:
                "protocol": "TCP",
                "port": 80,
                "targetPort": 9376,
                "nodePort": 0
            }
        ],
        "selector": {
            "app": "hostnames"
        },
        "clusterIP": "10.0.1.175",
        "type": "ClusterIP",
        "sessionAffinity": "None"
    },
    "status": {
        "loadBalancer": {}
    }
}

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you got this far, you have confirmed that your Service is correctly defined and is resolved by DNS. Now let's check that the Pods you ran are actually being selected by the Service.


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

{
    "kind": "Service",
    "apiVersion": "v1",
    "metadata": {
        "name": "hostnames",
        "namespace": "default",
        "uid": "428c8b6c-24bc-11e5-936d-42010af0a9bc",
        "resourceVersion": "347189",
        "creationTimestamp": "2015-07-07T15:24:29Z",
        "labels": {
            "app": "hostnames"
        }
    },
    "spec": {
        "ports": [
            {
                "name": "default",
                "protocol": "TCP",
                "port": 80,
                "targetPort": 9376,
                "nodePort": 0
            }
        ],
        "selector": {
            "app": "hostnames"
        },
        "clusterIP": "10.0.1.175",
        "type": "ClusterIP",
        "sessionAffinity": "None"
    },
    "status": {
        "loadBalancer": {}
    }
}

Response: This json code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you got this far, you have confirmed that your Service is correctly defined and is resolved by DNS. Now let's check that the Pods you ran are actually being selected by the Service.


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

NAME                        READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
hostnames-632524106-bbpiw   1/1       Running   0          1h

Response:
hostnames-632524106-ly40y   1/1       Running   0          1h
hostnames-632524106-tlaok   1/1       Running   0          1h

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | The -l app=hostnames argument is a label selector configured on the Service.


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

NAME                        READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
hostnames-632524106-bbpiw   1/1       Running   0          1h
hostnames-632524106-ly40y   1/1       Running   0          1h
hostnames-632524106-tlaok   1/1       Running   0          1h

Response: This none code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | The -l app=hostnames argument is a label selector configured on the Service.


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

kubectl get endpointslices -l k8s.io/service-name=hostnames

Response:
NAME              ADDRESSTYPE   PORTS   ENDPOINTS
hostnames-ytpni   IPv4          9376    10.244.0.5,10.244.0.6,10.244.0.7

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | This confirms that the EndpointSlice controller has found the correct Pods for your Service. If the ENDPOINTS column is <none>, you should check that the spec.selector field of your Service actually s


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get endpointslices -l k8s.io/service-name=hostnames

NAME              ADDRESSTYPE   PORTS   ENDPOINTS
hostnames-ytpni   IPv4          9376    10.244.0.5,10.244.0.6,10.244.0.7

Response: This shell code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | This confirms that the EndpointSlice controller has found the correct Pods for your Service. If the ENDPOINTS column is <none>, you should check that the spec.selector field of your Service actually s


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

for ep in 10.244.0.5:9376 10.244.0.6:9376 10.244.0.7:9376; do
    wget -qO- $ep
done

Response: This shell code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | This should produce something like:

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | This should produce something like:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

hostnames-632524106-bbpiw
hostnames-632524106-ly40y
hostnames-632524106-tlaok

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | You expect each Pod in the endpoints list to return its own hostname. If this is not what happens (or whatever the correct behavior is for your own Pods), you should investigate what's happening there

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | You expect each Pod in the endpoints list to return its own hostname. If this is not what happens (or whatever the correct behavior is for your own Pods), you should investigate what's happening there


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

root  4194  0.4  0.1 101864 17696 ?    Sl Jul04  25:43 /usr/local/bin/kube-proxy --master=https://kubernetes-master --kubeconfig=/var/lib/kube-proxy/kubeconfig --v=2

Response: This none code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | Next, confirm that it is not failing something obvious, like contacting the master. To do this, you'll have to look at the logs. Accessing the logs depends on your Node OS. On some OSes it is a file,

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | Next, confirm that it is not failing something obvious, like contacting the master. To do this, you'll have to look at the logs. Accessing the logs depends on your Node OS. On some OSes it is a file,


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

I1027 22:14:53.995134    5063 server.go:200] Running in resource-only container "/kube-proxy"
I1027 22:14:53.998163    5063 server.go:247] Using iptables Proxier.
I1027 22:14:54.038140    5063 proxier.go:352] Setting endpoints for "kube-system/kube-dns:dns-tcp" to [10.244.1.3:53]
I1027 22:14:54.038164    5063 proxier.go:352] Setting endpoints for "kube-system/kube-dns:dns" to [10.244.1.3:53]

Response:
I1027 22:14:54.038209    5063 proxier.go:352] Setting endpoints for "default/kubernetes:https" to [10.240.0.2:443]
I1027 22:14:54.038238    5063 proxier.go:429] Not syncing iptables until Services and Endpoints have been received from master
I1027 22:14:54.040048    5063 proxier.go:294] Adding new service "default/kubernetes:https" at 10.0.0.1:443/TCP
I1027 22:14:54.040154    5063 proxier.go:294] Adding new service "kube-system/kube-dns:dns" at 10.0.0.10:53/UDP
I1027 22:14:54.040223    5063 proxier.go:294] Adding new service "kube-system/kube-dns:dns-tcp" at 10.0.0.10:53/TCP

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you see error messages about not being able to contact the master, you should double-check your Node configuration and installation steps.


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

I1027 22:14:53.995134    5063 server.go:200] Running in resource-only container "/kube-proxy"
I1027 22:14:53.998163    5063 server.go:247] Using iptables Proxier.
I1027 22:14:54.038140    5063 proxier.go:352] Setting endpoints for "kube-system/kube-dns:dns-tcp" to [10.244.1.3:53]
I1027 22:14:54.038164    5063 proxier.go:352] Setting endpoints for "kube-system/kube-dns:dns" to [10.244.1.3:53]
I1027 22:14:54.038209    5063 proxier.go:352] Setting endpoints for "default/kubernetes:https" to [10.240.0.2:443]
I1027 22:14:54.038238    5063 proxier.go:429] Not syncing iptables until Services and Endpoints have been received from master
I1027 22:14:54.040048    5063 proxier.go:294] Adding new service "default/kubernetes:https" at 10.0.0.1:443/TCP
I1027 22:14:54.040154    5063 proxier.go:294] Adding new service "kube-system/kube-dns:dns" at 10.0.0.10:53/UDP
I1027 22:14:54.040223    5063 proxier.go:294] Adding new service "kube-system/kube-dns:dns-tcp" at 10.0.0.10:53/TCP

Response: This none code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you see error messages about not being able to contact the master, you should double-check your Node configuration and installation steps.


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

-A KUBE-SEP-57KPRZ3JQVENLNBR -s 10.244.3.6/32 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -j MARK --set-xmark 0x00004000/0x00004000
-A KUBE-SEP-57KPRZ3JQVENLNBR -p tcp -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 10.244.3.6:9376
-A KUBE-SEP-WNBA2IHDGP2BOBGZ -s 10.244.1.7/32 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -j MARK --set-xmark 0x00004000/0x00004000
-A KUBE-SEP-WNBA2IHDGP2BOBGZ -p tcp -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 10.244.1.7:9376
-A KUBE-SEP-X3P2623AGDH6CDF3 -s 10.244.2.3/32 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -j MARK --set-xmark 0x00004000/0x00004000

Response:
-A KUBE-SEP-X3P2623AGDH6CDF3 -p tcp -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 10.244.2.3:9376
-A KUBE-SERVICES -d 10.0.1.175/32 -p tcp -m comment --comment "default/hostnames: cluster IP" -m tcp --dport 80 -j KUBE-SVC-NWV5X2332I4OT4T3
-A KUBE-SVC-NWV5X2332I4OT4T3 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -m statistic --mode random --probability 0.33332999982 -j KUBE-SEP-WNBA2IHDGP2BOBGZ
-A KUBE-SVC-NWV5X2332I4OT4T3 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -m statistic --mode random --probability 0.50000000000 -j KUBE-SEP-X3P2623AGDH6CDF3
-A KUBE-SVC-NWV5X2332I4OT4T3 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -j KUBE-SEP-57KPRZ3JQVENLNBR

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | For each port of each Service, there should be 1 rule in KUBE-SERVICES and one KUBE-SVC-<hash> chain. For each Pod endpoint, there should be a small number of rules in that KUBE-SVC-<hash> and one KUB


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

-A KUBE-SEP-57KPRZ3JQVENLNBR -s 10.244.3.6/32 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -j MARK --set-xmark 0x00004000/0x00004000
-A KUBE-SEP-57KPRZ3JQVENLNBR -p tcp -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 10.244.3.6:9376
-A KUBE-SEP-WNBA2IHDGP2BOBGZ -s 10.244.1.7/32 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -j MARK --set-xmark 0x00004000/0x00004000
-A KUBE-SEP-WNBA2IHDGP2BOBGZ -p tcp -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 10.244.1.7:9376
-A KUBE-SEP-X3P2623AGDH6CDF3 -s 10.244.2.3/32 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -j MARK --set-xmark 0x00004000/0x00004000
-A KUBE-SEP-X3P2623AGDH6CDF3 -p tcp -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 10.244.2.3:9376
-A KUBE-SERVICES -d 10.0.1.175/32 -p tcp -m comment --comment "default/hostnames: cluster IP" -m tcp --dport 80 -j KUBE-SVC-NWV5X2332I4OT4T3
-A KUBE-SVC-NWV5X2332I4OT4T3 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -m statistic --mode random --probability 0.33332999982 -j KUBE-SEP-WNBA2IHDGP2BOBGZ
-A KUBE-SVC-NWV5X2332I4OT4T3 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -m statistic --mode random --probability 0.50000000000 -j KUBE-SEP-X3P2623AGDH6CDF3
-A KUBE-SVC-NWV5X2332I4OT4T3 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -j KUBE-SEP-57KPRZ3JQVENLNBR

Response: This none code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | For each port of each Service, there should be 1 rule in KUBE-SERVICES and one KUBE-SVC-<hash> chain. For each Pod endpoint, there should be a small number of rules in that KUBE-SVC-<hash> and one KUB


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
...
TCP  10.0.1.175:80 rr

Response:
  -> 10.244.0.5:9376               Masq    1      0          0
  -> 10.244.0.6:9376               Masq    1      0          0
  -> 10.244.0.7:9376               Masq    1      0          0
...

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | For each port of each Service, plus any NodePorts, external IPs, and load-balancer IPs, kube-proxy will create a virtual server. For each Pod endpoint, it will create corresponding real servers. In th


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
...
TCP  10.0.1.175:80 rr
  -> 10.244.0.5:9376               Masq    1      0          0
  -> 10.244.0.6:9376               Masq    1      0          0
  -> 10.244.0.7:9376               Masq    1      0          0
...

Response: This none code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | For each port of each Service, plus any NodePorts, external IPs, and load-balancer IPs, kube-proxy will create a virtual server. For each Pod endpoint, it will create corresponding real servers. In th


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

Setting endpoints for default/hostnames:default to [10.244.0.5:9376 10.244.0.6:9376 10.244.0.7:9376]

Response: This none code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you don't see those, try restarting kube-proxy with the -v flag set to 4, and then look at the logs again.

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you don't see those, try restarting kube-proxy with the -v flag set to 4, and then look at the logs again.


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

root      3392  1.1  0.8 186804 65208 ?        Sl   00:51  11:11 /usr/local/bin/kubelet --enable-debugging-handlers=true --config=/etc/kubernetes/manifests --allow-privileged=True --v=4 --cluster-dns=10.0.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --configure-cbr0=true --cgroup-root=/ --system-cgroups=/system --hairpin-mode=promiscuous-bridge --runtime-cgroups=/docker-daemon --kubelet-cgroups=/kubelet --babysit-daemons=true --max-pods=110 --serialize-image-pulls=false --outofdisk-transition-frequency=0

Response: This none code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you get this far, something very strange is happening. Your Service is running, has EndpointSlices, and your Pods are actually serving. You have DNS working, and kube-proxy does not seem to be misb

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you get this far, something very strange is happening. Your Service is running, has EndpointSlices, and your Pods are actually serving. You have DNS working, and kube-proxy does not seem to be misb


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

I0629 00:51:43.648698    3252 kubelet.go:380] Hairpin mode set to "promiscuous-bridge"

Response: This none code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you get this far, something very strange is happening. Your Service is running, has EndpointSlices, and your Pods are actually serving. You have DNS working, and kube-proxy does not seem to be misb


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

for intf in /sys/devices/virtual/net/cbr0/brif/*; do cat $intf/hairpin_mode; done

Response: This shell code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you get this far, something very strange is happening. Your Service is running, has EndpointSlices, and your Pods are actually serving. You have DNS working, and kube-proxy does not seem to be misb


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

UP BROADCAST RUNNING PROMISC MULTICAST  MTU:1460  Metric:1

Response: This none code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you get this far, something very strange is happening. Your Service is running, has EndpointSlices, and your Pods are actually serving. You have DNS working, and kube-proxy does not seem to be misb


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: termination-demo
spec:

Response:
  containers:
  - name: termination-demo-container
    image: debian
    command: ["/bin/sh"]
    args: ["-c", "sleep 10 && echo Sleep expired > /dev/termination-log"]

Context: 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | Create a Pod based on the YAML configuration file:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: termination-demo
spec:
  containers:
  - name: termination-demo-container
    image: debian
    command: ["/bin/sh"]
    args: ["-c", "sleep 10 && echo Sleep expired > /dev/termination-log"]

Response: This yaml code 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | Create a Pod based on the YAML configuration file:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/debug/termination.yaml

Response: This shell code 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | In the YAML file, in the command and args fields, you can see that the container sleeps for 10 seconds and then writes "Sleep expired" to the /dev/termination-log file. After the container writes the

Context: 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | In the YAML file, in the command and args fields, you can see that the container sleeps for 10 seconds and then writes "Sleep expired" to the /dev/termination-log file. After the container writes the


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
...
    lastState:
      terminated:

Response:
        containerID: ...
        exitCode: 0
        finishedAt: ...
        message: |
          Sleep expired
        ...

Context: 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | Use a Go template to filter the output so that it includes only the termination message:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
...
    lastState:
      terminated:
        containerID: ...
        exitCode: 0
        finishedAt: ...
        message: |
          Sleep expired
        ...

Response: This yaml code 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | Use a Go template to filter the output so that it includes only the termination message:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pod termination-demo -o go-template="{{range .status.containerStatuses}}{{.lastState.terminated.message}}{{end}}"

Response: This shell code 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | If you are running a multi-container Pod, you can use a Go template to include the container's name. By doing so, you can discover which of the containers is failing:

Context: 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | If you are running a multi-container Pod, you can use a Go template to include the container's name. By doing so, you can discover which of the containers is failing:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pod multi-container-pod -o go-template='{{range .status.containerStatuses}}{{printf "%s:\n%s\n\n" .name .lastState.terminated.message}}{{end}}'

Response: This shell code 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | Kubernetes retrieves termination messages from the termination message file specified in the terminationMessagePath field of a Container, which has a default value of /dev/termination-log. By customiz

Context: 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | Kubernetes retrieves termination messages from the termination message file specified in the terminationMessagePath field of a Container, which has a default value of /dev/termination-log. By customiz


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: msg-path-demo

Response:
spec:
  containers:
  - name: msg-path-demo-container
    image: debian
    terminationMessagePath: "/tmp/my-log"

Context: 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | Moreover, users can set the terminationMessagePolicy field of a Container for further customization. This field defaults to "File" which means the termination messages are retrieved only from the term


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: msg-path-demo
spec:
  containers:
  - name: msg-path-demo-container
    image: debian
    terminationMessagePath: "/tmp/my-log"

Response: This yaml code 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | Moreover, users can set the terminationMessagePolicy field of a Container for further customization. This field defaults to "File" which means the termination messages are retrieved only from the term


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME         READY     STATUS     RESTARTS   AGE
<pod-name>   0/1       Init:1/2   0          7s

Response: This text code 4.3.5 - Debug Init Containers | See Understanding Pod status for more examples of status values and their meanings.

Context: 4.3.5 - Debug Init Containers | See Understanding Pod status for more examples of status values and their meanings.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Init Containers:
  <init-container-1>:
    Container ID:    ...
    ...
    State:           Terminated
      Reason:        Completed
      Exit Code:     0
      Started:       ...
      Finished:      ...
    Ready:           True
    Restart Count:   0
    ...

Response:
  <init-container-2>:
    Container ID:    ...
    ...
    State:           Waiting
      Reason:        CrashLoopBackOff
    Last State:      Terminated
      Reason:        Error
      Exit Code:     1
      Started:       ...
      Finished:      ...
    Ready:           False
    Restart Count:   3
    ...

Context: 4.3.5 - Debug Init Containers | You can also access the Init Container statuses programmatically by reading the status.initContainerStatuses field on the Pod Spec:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Init Containers:
  <init-container-1>:
    Container ID:    ...
    ...
    State:           Terminated
      Reason:        Completed
      Exit Code:     0
      Started:       ...
      Finished:      ...
    Ready:           True
    Restart Count:   0
    ...
  <init-container-2>:
    Container ID:    ...
    ...
    State:           Waiting
      Reason:        CrashLoopBackOff
    Last State:      Terminated
      Reason:        Error
      Exit Code:     1
      Started:       ...
      Finished:      ...
    Ready:           False
    Restart Count:   3
    ...

Response: This text code 4.3.5 - Debug Init Containers | You can also access the Init Container statuses programmatically by reading the status.initContainerStatuses field on the Pod Spec:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pod nginx --template '{{.status.initContainerStatuses}}'

Response: This shell code 4.3.5 - Debug Init Containers | This command will return the same information as above in raw JSON.

Context: 4.3.5 - Debug Init Containers | This command will return the same information as above in raw JSON.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:

Response:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: "128Mi"
            cpu: "500m"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Create deployment by running following command:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: "128Mi"
            cpu: "500m"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

Response: This yaml code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Create deployment by running following command:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/nginx-with-request.yaml

Response: This shell code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Check pod status by following command:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Check pod status by following command:


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

NAME                                READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-cx2nz   1/1     Running   0          13s
nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-w6kd7   1/1     Running   0          13s

Response: This none code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | We can retrieve a lot more information about each of these pods using kubectl describe pod. For example:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | We can retrieve a lot more information about each of these pods using kubectl describe pod. For example:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl describe pod nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-w6kd7

Response: This shell code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Here you can see configuration information about the container(s) and Pod (labels, resource requirements, etc.), as well as status information about the container(s) and Pod (state, readiness, restart

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Here you can see configuration information about the container(s) and Pod (labels, resource requirements, etc.), as well as status information about the container(s) and Pod (state, readiness, restart


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

Name:         nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-w6kd7
Namespace:    default
Priority:     0
Node:         kube-worker-1/192.168.0.113
Start Time:   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 16:51:01 -0500
Labels:       app=nginx
              pod-template-hash=67d4bdd6f5
Annotations:  <none>
Status:       Running
IP:           10.88.0.3
IPs:
  IP:           10.88.0.3
  IP:           2001:db8::1
Controlled By:  ReplicaSet/nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5
Containers:
  nginx:
    Container ID:   containerd://5403af59a2b46ee5a23fb0ae4b1e077f7ca5c5fb7af16e1ab21c00e0e616462a
    Image:          nginx
    Image ID:       docker.io/library/nginx@sha256:2834dc507516af02784808c5f48b7cbe38b8ed5d0f4837f16e78d00deb7e7767
    Port:           80/TCP
    Host Port:      0/TCP
    State:          Running
      Started:      Thu, 17 Feb 2022 16:51:05 -0500
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  0
    Limits:
      cpu:     500m
      memory:  128Mi
    Requests:

Response:
      cpu:        500m
      memory:     128Mi
    Environment:  <none>
    Mounts:
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-bgsgp (ro)
Conditions:
  Type              Status
  Initialized       True
  Ready             True
  ContainersReady   True
  PodScheduled      True
Volumes:
  kube-api-access-bgsgp:
    Type:                    Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
    TokenExpirationSeconds:  3607
    ConfigMapName:           kube-root-ca.crt
    ConfigMapOptional:       <nil>
    DownwardAPI:             true
QoS Class:                   Guaranteed
Node-Selectors:              <none>
Tolerations:                 node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
                             node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
  Type    Reason     Age   From               Message
  ----    ------     ----  ----               -------
  Normal  Scheduled  34s   default-scheduler  Successfully assigned default/nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-w6kd7 to kube-worker-1
  Normal  Pulling    31s   kubelet            Pulling image "nginx"
  Normal  Pulled     30s   kubelet            Successfully pulled image "nginx" in 1.146417389s
  Normal  Created    30s   kubelet            Created container nginx
  Normal  Started    30s   kubelet            Started container nginx