Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

1apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1
 2kind: ResourceClaim
 3metadata:
 4    creationTimestamp: "2025-08-20T18:17:31Z"
 5    finalizers:
 6    - resource.kubernetes.io/delete-protection
 7    name: some-gpu
 8    namespace: dra-tutorial
 9    resourceVersion: "2326"
10    uid: d3e48dbf-40da-47c3-a7b9-f7d54d1051c3
11spec:
12    devices:
13        requests:
14        - exactly:
15            allocationMode: ExactCount
16            count: 1
17            deviceClassName: gpu.example.com
18            selectors:
19            - cel:
20                expression: device.capacity['gpu.example.com'].memory.compareTo(quantity('10Gi'))

Response:
21                >= 0
22        name: some-gpu
23status:
24    allocation:
25        devices:
26        results:
27        - device: gpu-0
28            driver: gpu.example.com
29            pool: kind-worker
30            request: some-gpu
31        nodeSelector:
32        nodeSelectorTerms:
33        - matchFields:
34            - key: metadata.name
35            operator: In
36            values:
37            - kind-worker
38    reservedFor:
39    - name: pod0
40        resource: pods
41        uid: c4dadf20-392a-474d-a47b-ab82080c8bd7

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | To check how the driver handled device allocation, get the logs for the driver DaemonSet Pods:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

1apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1
 2kind: ResourceClaim
 3metadata:
 4    creationTimestamp: "2025-08-20T18:17:31Z"
 5    finalizers:
 6    - resource.kubernetes.io/delete-protection
 7    name: some-gpu
 8    namespace: dra-tutorial
 9    resourceVersion: "2326"
10    uid: d3e48dbf-40da-47c3-a7b9-f7d54d1051c3
11spec:
12    devices:
13        requests:
14        - exactly:
15            allocationMode: ExactCount
16            count: 1
17            deviceClassName: gpu.example.com
18            selectors:
19            - cel:
20                expression: device.capacity['gpu.example.com'].memory.compareTo(quantity('10Gi'))
21                >= 0
22        name: some-gpu
23status:
24    allocation:
25        devices:
26        results:
27        - device: gpu-0
28            driver: gpu.example.com
29            pool: kind-worker
30            request: some-gpu
31        nodeSelector:
32        nodeSelectorTerms:
33        - matchFields:
34            - key: metadata.name
35            operator: In
36            values:
37            - kind-worker
38    reservedFor:
39    - name: pod0
40        resource: pods
41        uid: c4dadf20-392a-474d-a47b-ab82080c8bd7

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | To check how the driver handled device allocation, get the logs for the driver DaemonSet Pods:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl logs -l app.kubernetes.io/name=dra-example-driver -n dra-tutorial

Response: This bash code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The output is similar to this:

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

I0820 18:17:44.131324       1 driver.go:106] PrepareResourceClaims is called: number of claims: 1
I0820 18:17:44.135056       1 driver.go:133] Returning newly prepared devices for claim 'd3e48dbf-40da-47c3-a7b9-f7d54d1051c3': [{[some-gpu] kind-worker gpu-0 [k8s.gpu.example.com/gpu=common k8s.gpu.example.com/gpu=d3e48dbf-40da-47c3-a7b9-f7d54d1051c3-gpu-0]}]

Response: This text code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | You have now successfully deployed a Pod that claims devices using DRA, verified that the Pod was scheduled to an appropriate node, and saw that the associated DRA APIs kinds were updated with the all

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | You have now successfully deployed a Pod that claims devices using DRA, verified that the Pod was scheduled to an appropriate node, and saw that the associated DRA APIs kinds were updated with the all


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl logs -l app.kubernetes.io/name=dra-example-driver -n dra-tutorial

Response: This bash code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

I0820 18:22:15.629376       1 driver.go:138] UnprepareResourceClaims is called: number of claims: 1

Response: This text code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | You have now deleted a Pod that had a claim, and observed that the driver took action to unprepare the underlying hardware resource and update the DRA APIs to reflect that the resource is available ag

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | You have now deleted a Pod that had a claim, and observed that the driver took action to unprepare the underlying hardware resource and update the DRA APIs to reflect that the resource is available ag


Prompt:
Complete this bash code:

kubectl delete namespace dra-tutorial
kubectl delete deviceclass gpu.example.com

Response:
kubectl delete clusterrole dra-example-driver-role
kubectl delete clusterrolebinding dra-example-driver-role-binding
kubectl delete priorityclass dra-driver-high-priority

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA |


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl delete namespace dra-tutorial
kubectl delete deviceclass gpu.example.com
kubectl delete clusterrole dra-example-driver-role
kubectl delete clusterrolebinding dra-example-driver-role-binding
kubectl delete priorityclass dra-driver-high-priority

Response: This bash code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA |


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get resourceclaims -A
kubectl get resourceclaimtemplates -A

Response: This shell code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

docker pull registry.k8s.io/dra-example-driver/dra-example-driver:v0.2.0

Response: This shell code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | For this tutorial, you will install the critical example resource driver components individually with kubectl.

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | For this tutorial, you will install the critical example resource driver components individually with kubectl.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1
kind: DeviceClass
metadata:
  name: gpu.example.com

Response:
spec:
  selectors:
  - cel:
      expression: "device.driver == 'gpu.example.com'"

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ServiceAccount, ClusterRole and ClusterRoleBinding that will be used by the driver to gain permissions to interact with the Kubernetes API on this cluster:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1
kind: DeviceClass
metadata:
  name: gpu.example.com
spec:
  selectors:
  - cel:
      expression: "device.driver == 'gpu.example.com'"

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ServiceAccount, ClusterRole and ClusterRoleBinding that will be used by the driver to gain permissions to interact with the Kubernetes API on this cluster:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply --server-side -f http://k8s.io/examples/dra/driver-install/deviceclass.yaml

Response: This shell code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ServiceAccount, ClusterRole and ClusterRoleBinding that will be used by the driver to gain permissions to interact with the Kubernetes API on this cluster:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-service-account

Response:
  namespace: dra-tutorial
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: dra-example-driver

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ClusterRole:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-service-account
  namespace: dra-tutorial
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: dra-example-driver

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ClusterRole:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply --server-side -f http://k8s.io/examples/dra/driver-install/serviceaccount.yaml

Response: This shell code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ClusterRole:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-role
rules:
- apiGroups: ["resource.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["resourceclaims"]

Response:
  verbs: ["get"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["nodes"]
  verbs: ["get"]
- apiGroups: ["resource.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["resourceslices"]
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch", "delete"]

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ClusterRoleBinding:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-role
rules:
- apiGroups: ["resource.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["resourceclaims"]
  verbs: ["get"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["nodes"]
  verbs: ["get"]
- apiGroups: ["resource.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["resourceslices"]
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch", "delete"]

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ClusterRoleBinding:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply --server-side -f http://k8s.io/examples/dra/driver-install/clusterrole.yaml

Response: This shell code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ClusterRoleBinding:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-role-binding
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount

Response:
  name: dra-example-driver-service-account
  namespace: dra-tutorial
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: dra-example-driver-role
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create a PriorityClass for the DRA driver. The PriorityClass prevents preemption of th DRA driver component, which is responsible for important lifecycle operations for Pods with claims. Learn more ab


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-role-binding
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: dra-example-driver-service-account
  namespace: dra-tutorial
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: dra-example-driver-role
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create a PriorityClass for the DRA driver. The PriorityClass prevents preemption of th DRA driver component, which is responsible for important lifecycle operations for Pods with claims. Learn more ab


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply --server-side -f http://k8s.io/examples/dra/driver-install/clusterrolebinding.yaml

Response: This shell code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create a PriorityClass for the DRA driver. The PriorityClass prevents preemption of th DRA driver component, which is responsible for important lifecycle operations for Pods with claims. Learn more ab


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: scheduling.k8s.io/v1
kind: PriorityClass
metadata:

Response:
  name: dra-driver-high-priority
value: 1000000
globalDefault: false
description: "This priority class should be used for DRA driver pods only."

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Deploy the actual DRA driver as a DaemonSet configured to run the example driver binary with the permissions provisioned above. The DaemonSet has the permissions that you granted to the ServiceAccount


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: scheduling.k8s.io/v1
kind: PriorityClass
metadata:
  name: dra-driver-high-priority
value: 1000000
globalDefault: false
description: "This priority class should be used for DRA driver pods only."

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Deploy the actual DRA driver as a DaemonSet configured to run the example driver binary with the permissions provisioned above. The DaemonSet has the permissions that you granted to the ServiceAccount


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply --server-side -f http://k8s.io/examples/dra/driver-install/priorityclass.yaml

Response: This shell code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Deploy the actual DRA driver as a DaemonSet configured to run the example driver binary with the permissions provisioned above. The DaemonSet has the permissions that you granted to the ServiceAccount


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-kubeletplugin
  namespace: dra-tutorial
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
  updateStrategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
    spec:
      priorityClassName: dra-driver-high-priority
      serviceAccountName: dra-example-driver-service-account
      securityContext:
        {}
      containers:
      - name: plugin
        securityContext:
          privileged: true
        image: registry.k8s.io/dra-example-driver/dra-example-driver:v0.2.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        command: ["dra-example-kubeletplugin"]
        resources:
          {}
        # Production drivers should always implement a liveness probe
        # For the tutorial we simply omit it
        # livenessProbe:
        #   grpc:
        #     port: 51515
        #     service: liveness
        #   failureThreshold: 3

Response:
        #   periodSeconds: 10
        env:
        - name: CDI_ROOT
          value: /var/run/cdi
        - name: KUBELET_REGISTRAR_DIRECTORY_PATH
          value: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins_registry"
        - name: KUBELET_PLUGINS_DIRECTORY_PATH
          value: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins"
        - name: NODE_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: spec.nodeName
        - name: NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        # Simulated number of devices the example driver will pretend to have.
        - name: NUM_DEVICES
          value: "9"
        - name: HEALTHCHECK_PORT
          value: "51515"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: plugins-registry
          mountPath: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins_registry"
        - name: plugins
          mountPath: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins"
        - name: cdi
          mountPath: /var/run/cdi
      volumes:
      - name: plugins-registry
        hostPath:
          path: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins_registry"
      - name: plugins
        hostPath:
          path: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins"
      - name: cdi
        hostPath:
          path: /var/run/cdi

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The DaemonSet is configured with the volume mounts necessary to interact with the underlying Container Device Interface (CDI) directory, and to expose its socket to kubelet via the kubelet/plugins dir


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-kubeletplugin
  namespace: dra-tutorial
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
  updateStrategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
    spec:
      priorityClassName: dra-driver-high-priority
      serviceAccountName: dra-example-driver-service-account
      securityContext:
        {}
      containers:
      - name: plugin
        securityContext:
          privileged: true
        image: registry.k8s.io/dra-example-driver/dra-example-driver:v0.2.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        command: ["dra-example-kubeletplugin"]
        resources:
          {}
        # Production drivers should always implement a liveness probe
        # For the tutorial we simply omit it
        # livenessProbe:
        #   grpc:
        #     port: 51515
        #     service: liveness
        #   failureThreshold: 3
        #   periodSeconds: 10
        env:
        - name: CDI_ROOT
          value: /var/run/cdi
        - name: KUBELET_REGISTRAR_DIRECTORY_PATH
          value: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins_registry"
        - name: KUBELET_PLUGINS_DIRECTORY_PATH
          value: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins"
        - name: NODE_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: spec.nodeName
        - name: NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        # Simulated number of devices the example driver will pretend to have.
        - name: NUM_DEVICES
          value: "9"
        - name: HEALTHCHECK_PORT
          value: "51515"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: plugins-registry
          mountPath: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins_registry"
        - name: plugins
          mountPath: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins"
        - name: cdi
          mountPath: /var/run/cdi
      volumes:
      - name: plugins-registry
        hostPath:
          path: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins_registry"
      - name: plugins
        hostPath:
          path: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins"
      - name: cdi
        hostPath:
          path: /var/run/cdi

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The DaemonSet is configured with the volume mounts necessary to interact with the underlying Container Device Interface (CDI) directory, and to expose its socket to kubelet via the kubelet/plugins dir


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply --server-side -f http://k8s.io/examples/dra/driver-install/daemonset.yaml

Response: This shell code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The DaemonSet is configured with the volume mounts necessary to interact with the underlying Container Device Interface (CDI) directory, and to expose its socket to kubelet via the kubelet/plugins dir


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pod -l app.kubernetes.io/name=dra-example-driver -n dra-tutorial

Response: This shell code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
dra-example-driver-kubeletplugin-4sk2x   1/1     Running   0          13s
dra-example-driver-kubeletplugin-cttr2   1/1     Running   0          13s

Response: This text code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The initial responsibility of each node's local DRA driver is to update the cluster with what devices are available to Pods on that node, by publishing its metadata to the ResourceSlices API. You can

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The initial responsibility of each node's local DRA driver is to update the cluster with what devices are available to Pods on that node, by publishing its metadata to the ResourceSlices API. You can


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                                 NODE           DRIVER            POOL           AGE
kind-worker-gpu.example.com-k69gd    kind-worker    gpu.example.com   kind-worker    19s
kind-worker2-gpu.example.com-qdgpn   kind-worker2   gpu.example.com   kind-worker2   19s

Response: This text code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | At this point, you have successfully installed the example DRA driver, and confirmed its initial configuration. You're now ready to use DRA to schedule Pods.

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | At this point, you have successfully installed the example DRA driver, and confirmed its initial configuration. You're now ready to use DRA to schedule Pods.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1
kind: ResourceClaim
metadata:
 name: some-gpu
 namespace: dra-tutorial
spec:
   devices:

Response:
     requests:
     - name: some-gpu
       exactly:
         deviceClassName: gpu.example.com
         selectors:
         - cel:
             expression: "device.capacity['gpu.example.com'].memory.compareTo(quantity('10Gi')) >= 0"

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Below is the Pod manifest referencing the ResourceClaim you just made, some-gpu, in the spec.resourceClaims.resourceClaimName field. The local name for that claim, gpu, is then used in the spec.contai


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1
kind: ResourceClaim
metadata:
 name: some-gpu
 namespace: dra-tutorial
spec:
   devices:
     requests:
     - name: some-gpu
       exactly:
         deviceClassName: gpu.example.com
         selectors:
         - cel:
             expression: "device.capacity['gpu.example.com'].memory.compareTo(quantity('10Gi')) >= 0"

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Below is the Pod manifest referencing the ResourceClaim you just made, some-gpu, in the spec.resourceClaims.resourceClaimName field. The local name for that claim, gpu, is then used in the spec.contai


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply --server-side -f http://k8s.io/examples/dra/driver-install/example/resourceclaim.yaml

Response: This shell code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Below is the Pod manifest referencing the ResourceClaim you just made, some-gpu, in the spec.resourceClaims.resourceClaimName field. The local name for that claim, gpu, is then used in the spec.contai


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod0
  namespace: dra-tutorial
  labels:
    app: pod
spec:
  containers:

Response:
  - name: ctr0
    image: ubuntu:24.04
    command: ["bash", "-c"]
    args: ["export; trap 'exit 0' TERM; sleep 9999 & wait"]
    resources:
      claims:
      - name: gpu
  resourceClaims:
  - name: gpu
    resourceClaimName: some-gpu

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Confirm the pod has deployed:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod0
  namespace: dra-tutorial
  labels:
    app: pod
spec:
  containers:
  - name: ctr0
    image: ubuntu:24.04
    command: ["bash", "-c"]
    args: ["export; trap 'exit 0' TERM; sleep 9999 & wait"]
    resources:
      claims:
      - name: gpu
  resourceClaims:
  - name: gpu
    resourceClaimName: some-gpu

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Confirm the pod has deployed:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply --server-side -f http://k8s.io/examples/dra/driver-install/example/pod.yaml

Response: This shell code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Confirm the pod has deployed:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod0   1/1     Running   0          9s

Response: This text code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | After you create the Pod, the cluster tries to schedule that Pod to a node where Kubernetes can satisfy the ResourceClaim. In this tutorial, the DRA driver is deployed on all nodes, and is advertising

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | After you create the Pod, the cluster tries to schedule that Pod to a node where Kubernetes can satisfy the ResourceClaim. In this tutorial, the DRA driver is deployed on all nodes, and is advertising


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl logs pod0 -c ctr0 -n dra-tutorial | grep -E "GPU_DEVICE_[0-9]+=" | grep -v "RESOURCE_CLAIM"

Response: This shell code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME       STATE                AGE
some-gpu   allocated,reserved   34s

Response: This text code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | In this output, the STATE column shows that the ResourceClaim is allocated and reserved.

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | In this output, the STATE column shows that the ResourceClaim is allocated and reserved.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get resourceclaim some-gpu -n dra-tutorial -o yaml

Response: This shell code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The output is similar to this: 1apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1 2kind: ResourceClaim 3metadata: 4 creationTimestamp: "2025-08-20T18:17:31Z" 5 finalizers: 6 - resource.kubernetes.io/delete

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The output is similar to this: 1apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1 2kind: ResourceClaim 3metadata: 4 creationTimestamp: "2025-08-20T18:17:31Z" 5 finalizers: 6 - resource.kubernetes.io/delete


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

1apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1
 2kind: ResourceClaim
 3metadata:
 4    creationTimestamp: "2025-08-20T18:17:31Z"
 5    finalizers:
 6    - resource.kubernetes.io/delete-protection
 7    name: some-gpu
 8    namespace: dra-tutorial
 9    resourceVersion: "2326"
10    uid: d3e48dbf-40da-47c3-a7b9-f7d54d1051c3
11spec:
12    devices:
13        requests:
14        - exactly:
15            allocationMode: ExactCount
16            count: 1
17            deviceClassName: gpu.example.com
18            selectors:
19            - cel:
20                expression: device.capacity['gpu.example.com'].memory.compareTo(quantity('10Gi'))

Response:
21                >= 0
22        name: some-gpu
23status:
24    allocation:
25        devices:
26        results:
27        - device: gpu-0
28            driver: gpu.example.com
29            pool: kind-worker
30            request: some-gpu
31        nodeSelector:
32        nodeSelectorTerms:
33        - matchFields:
34            - key: metadata.name
35            operator: In
36            values:
37            - kind-worker
38    reservedFor:
39    - name: pod0
40        resource: pods
41        uid: c4dadf20-392a-474d-a47b-ab82080c8bd7

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | To check how the driver handled device allocation, get the logs for the driver DaemonSet Pods:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

1apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1
 2kind: ResourceClaim
 3metadata:
 4    creationTimestamp: "2025-08-20T18:17:31Z"
 5    finalizers:
 6    - resource.kubernetes.io/delete-protection
 7    name: some-gpu
 8    namespace: dra-tutorial
 9    resourceVersion: "2326"
10    uid: d3e48dbf-40da-47c3-a7b9-f7d54d1051c3
11spec:
12    devices:
13        requests:
14        - exactly:
15            allocationMode: ExactCount
16            count: 1
17            deviceClassName: gpu.example.com
18            selectors:
19            - cel:
20                expression: device.capacity['gpu.example.com'].memory.compareTo(quantity('10Gi'))
21                >= 0
22        name: some-gpu
23status:
24    allocation:
25        devices:
26        results:
27        - device: gpu-0
28            driver: gpu.example.com
29            pool: kind-worker
30            request: some-gpu
31        nodeSelector:
32        nodeSelectorTerms:
33        - matchFields:
34            - key: metadata.name
35            operator: In
36            values:
37            - kind-worker
38    reservedFor:
39    - name: pod0
40        resource: pods
41        uid: c4dadf20-392a-474d-a47b-ab82080c8bd7

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | To check how the driver handled device allocation, get the logs for the driver DaemonSet Pods:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl logs -l app.kubernetes.io/name=dra-example-driver -n dra-tutorial

Response: This shell code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The output is similar to this:

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

I0820 18:17:44.131324       1 driver.go:106] PrepareResourceClaims is called: number of claims: 1
I0820 18:17:44.135056       1 driver.go:133] Returning newly prepared devices for claim 'd3e48dbf-40da-47c3-a7b9-f7d54d1051c3': [{[some-gpu] kind-worker gpu-0 [k8s.gpu.example.com/gpu=common k8s.gpu.example.com/gpu=d3e48dbf-40da-47c3-a7b9-f7d54d1051c3-gpu-0]}]

Response: This text code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | You have now successfully deployed a Pod that claims devices using DRA, verified that the Pod was scheduled to an appropriate node, and saw that the associated DRA APIs kinds were updated with the all

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | You have now successfully deployed a Pod that claims devices using DRA, verified that the Pod was scheduled to an appropriate node, and saw that the associated DRA APIs kinds were updated with the all


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl logs -l app.kubernetes.io/name=dra-example-driver -n dra-tutorial

Response: This shell code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

I0820 18:22:15.629376       1 driver.go:138] UnprepareResourceClaims is called: number of claims: 1

Response: This text code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | You have now deleted a Pod that had a claim, and observed that the driver took action to unprepare the underlying hardware resource and update the DRA APIs to reflect that the resource is available ag

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | You have now deleted a Pod that had a claim, and observed that the driver took action to unprepare the underlying hardware resource and update the DRA APIs to reflect that the resource is available ag


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

kubectl delete namespace dra-tutorial
kubectl delete deviceclass gpu.example.com

Response:
kubectl delete clusterrole dra-example-driver-role
kubectl delete clusterrolebinding dra-example-driver-role-binding
kubectl delete priorityclass dra-driver-high-priority

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA |


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl delete namespace dra-tutorial
kubectl delete deviceclass gpu.example.com
kubectl delete clusterrole dra-example-driver-role
kubectl delete clusterrolebinding dra-example-driver-role-binding
kubectl delete priorityclass dra-driver-high-priority

Response: This shell code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA |


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get resourceclaims -A
kubectl get resourceclaimtemplates -A

Response: This bash code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

docker pull registry.k8s.io/dra-example-driver/dra-example-driver:v0.2.0

Response: This bash code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | For this tutorial, you will install the critical example resource driver components individually with kubectl.

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | For this tutorial, you will install the critical example resource driver components individually with kubectl.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

dra/driver-install/deviceclass.yaml
apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1
kind: DeviceClass
metadata:

Response:
  name: gpu.example.com
spec:
  selectors:
  - cel:
      expression: "device.driver == 'gpu.example.com'"

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ServiceAccount, ClusterRole and ClusterRoleBinding that will be used by the driver to gain permissions to interact with the Kubernetes API on this cluster:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

dra/driver-install/deviceclass.yaml
apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1
kind: DeviceClass
metadata:
  name: gpu.example.com
spec:
  selectors:
  - cel:
      expression: "device.driver == 'gpu.example.com'"

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ServiceAccount, ClusterRole and ClusterRoleBinding that will be used by the driver to gain permissions to interact with the Kubernetes API on this cluster:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1
kind: DeviceClass
metadata:
  name: gpu.example.com

Response:
spec:
  selectors:
  - cel:
      expression: "device.driver == 'gpu.example.com'"


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1
kind: DeviceClass
metadata:
  name: gpu.example.com
spec:
  selectors:
  - cel:
      expression: "device.driver == 'gpu.example.com'"

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ServiceAccount, ClusterRole and ClusterRoleBinding that will be used by the driver to gain permissions to interact with the Kubernetes API on this cluster:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply --server-side -f http://k8s.io/examples/dra/driver-install/deviceclass.yaml

Response: This bash code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ServiceAccount, ClusterRole and ClusterRoleBinding that will be used by the driver to gain permissions to interact with the Kubernetes API on this cluster:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

dra/driver-install/serviceaccount.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:

Response:
  name: dra-example-driver-service-account
  namespace: dra-tutorial
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: dra-example-driver

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ClusterRole:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

dra/driver-install/serviceaccount.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-service-account
  namespace: dra-tutorial
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: dra-example-driver

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ClusterRole:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-service-account

Response:
  namespace: dra-tutorial
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: dra-example-driver


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-service-account
  namespace: dra-tutorial
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: dra-example-driver

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ClusterRole:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply --server-side -f http://k8s.io/examples/dra/driver-install/serviceaccount.yaml

Response: This bash code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ClusterRole:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

dra/driver-install/clusterrole.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-role
rules:
- apiGroups: ["resource.k8s.io"]

Response:
  resources: ["resourceclaims"]
  verbs: ["get"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["nodes"]
  verbs: ["get"]
- apiGroups: ["resource.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["resourceslices"]
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch", "delete"]

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ClusterRoleBinding:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

dra/driver-install/clusterrole.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-role
rules:
- apiGroups: ["resource.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["resourceclaims"]
  verbs: ["get"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["nodes"]
  verbs: ["get"]
- apiGroups: ["resource.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["resourceslices"]
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch", "delete"]

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ClusterRoleBinding:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-role
rules:
- apiGroups: ["resource.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["resourceclaims"]

Response:
  verbs: ["get"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["nodes"]
  verbs: ["get"]
- apiGroups: ["resource.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["resourceslices"]
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch", "delete"]


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-role
rules:
- apiGroups: ["resource.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["resourceclaims"]
  verbs: ["get"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["nodes"]
  verbs: ["get"]
- apiGroups: ["resource.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["resourceslices"]
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch", "delete"]

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ClusterRoleBinding:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply --server-side -f http://k8s.io/examples/dra/driver-install/clusterrole.yaml

Response: This bash code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create the ClusterRoleBinding:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

dra/driver-install/clusterrolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-role-binding
subjects:

Response:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: dra-example-driver-service-account
  namespace: dra-tutorial
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: dra-example-driver-role
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create a PriorityClass for the DRA driver. The PriorityClass prevents preemption of th DRA driver component, which is responsible for important lifecycle operations for Pods with claims. Learn more ab


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

dra/driver-install/clusterrolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-role-binding
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: dra-example-driver-service-account
  namespace: dra-tutorial
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: dra-example-driver-role
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create a PriorityClass for the DRA driver. The PriorityClass prevents preemption of th DRA driver component, which is responsible for important lifecycle operations for Pods with claims. Learn more ab


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-role-binding
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount

Response:
  name: dra-example-driver-service-account
  namespace: dra-tutorial
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: dra-example-driver-role
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-role-binding
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: dra-example-driver-service-account
  namespace: dra-tutorial
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: dra-example-driver-role
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create a PriorityClass for the DRA driver. The PriorityClass prevents preemption of th DRA driver component, which is responsible for important lifecycle operations for Pods with claims. Learn more ab


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply --server-side -f http://k8s.io/examples/dra/driver-install/clusterrolebinding.yaml

Response: This bash code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Create a PriorityClass for the DRA driver. The PriorityClass prevents preemption of th DRA driver component, which is responsible for important lifecycle operations for Pods with claims. Learn more ab


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

dra/driver-install/priorityclass.yaml
apiVersion: scheduling.k8s.io/v1
kind: PriorityClass
metadata:

Response:
  name: dra-driver-high-priority
value: 1000000
globalDefault: false
description: "This priority class should be used for DRA driver pods only."

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Deploy the actual DRA driver as a DaemonSet configured to run the example driver binary with the permissions provisioned above. The DaemonSet has the permissions that you granted to the ServiceAccount


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

dra/driver-install/priorityclass.yaml
apiVersion: scheduling.k8s.io/v1
kind: PriorityClass
metadata:
  name: dra-driver-high-priority
value: 1000000
globalDefault: false
description: "This priority class should be used for DRA driver pods only."

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Deploy the actual DRA driver as a DaemonSet configured to run the example driver binary with the permissions provisioned above. The DaemonSet has the permissions that you granted to the ServiceAccount


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: scheduling.k8s.io/v1
kind: PriorityClass
metadata:

Response:
  name: dra-driver-high-priority
value: 1000000
globalDefault: false
description: "This priority class should be used for DRA driver pods only."


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: scheduling.k8s.io/v1
kind: PriorityClass
metadata:
  name: dra-driver-high-priority
value: 1000000
globalDefault: false
description: "This priority class should be used for DRA driver pods only."

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Deploy the actual DRA driver as a DaemonSet configured to run the example driver binary with the permissions provisioned above. The DaemonSet has the permissions that you granted to the ServiceAccount


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply --server-side -f http://k8s.io/examples/dra/driver-install/priorityclass.yaml

Response: This bash code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Deploy the actual DRA driver as a DaemonSet configured to run the example driver binary with the permissions provisioned above. The DaemonSet has the permissions that you granted to the ServiceAccount


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

dra/driver-install/daemonset.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-kubeletplugin
  namespace: dra-tutorial
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
  updateStrategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
    spec:
      priorityClassName: dra-driver-high-priority
      serviceAccountName: dra-example-driver-service-account
      securityContext:
        {}
      containers:
      - name: plugin
        securityContext:
          privileged: true
        image: registry.k8s.io/dra-example-driver/dra-example-driver:v0.2.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        command: ["dra-example-kubeletplugin"]
        resources:
          {}
        # Production drivers should always implement a liveness probe
        # For the tutorial we simply omit it
        # livenessProbe:
        #   grpc:
        #     port: 51515
        #     service: liveness

Response:
        #   failureThreshold: 3
        #   periodSeconds: 10
        env:
        - name: CDI_ROOT
          value: /var/run/cdi
        - name: KUBELET_REGISTRAR_DIRECTORY_PATH
          value: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins_registry"
        - name: KUBELET_PLUGINS_DIRECTORY_PATH
          value: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins"
        - name: NODE_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: spec.nodeName
        - name: NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        # Simulated number of devices the example driver will pretend to have.
        - name: NUM_DEVICES
          value: "9"
        - name: HEALTHCHECK_PORT
          value: "51515"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: plugins-registry
          mountPath: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins_registry"
        - name: plugins
          mountPath: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins"
        - name: cdi
          mountPath: /var/run/cdi
      volumes:
      - name: plugins-registry
        hostPath:
          path: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins_registry"
      - name: plugins
        hostPath:
          path: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins"
      - name: cdi
        hostPath:
          path: /var/run/cdi

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The DaemonSet is configured with the volume mounts necessary to interact with the underlying Container Device Interface (CDI) directory, and to expose its socket to kubelet via the kubelet/plugins dir


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

dra/driver-install/daemonset.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-kubeletplugin
  namespace: dra-tutorial
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
  updateStrategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
    spec:
      priorityClassName: dra-driver-high-priority
      serviceAccountName: dra-example-driver-service-account
      securityContext:
        {}
      containers:
      - name: plugin
        securityContext:
          privileged: true
        image: registry.k8s.io/dra-example-driver/dra-example-driver:v0.2.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        command: ["dra-example-kubeletplugin"]
        resources:
          {}
        # Production drivers should always implement a liveness probe
        # For the tutorial we simply omit it
        # livenessProbe:
        #   grpc:
        #     port: 51515
        #     service: liveness
        #   failureThreshold: 3
        #   periodSeconds: 10
        env:
        - name: CDI_ROOT
          value: /var/run/cdi
        - name: KUBELET_REGISTRAR_DIRECTORY_PATH
          value: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins_registry"
        - name: KUBELET_PLUGINS_DIRECTORY_PATH
          value: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins"
        - name: NODE_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: spec.nodeName
        - name: NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        # Simulated number of devices the example driver will pretend to have.
        - name: NUM_DEVICES
          value: "9"
        - name: HEALTHCHECK_PORT
          value: "51515"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: plugins-registry
          mountPath: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins_registry"
        - name: plugins
          mountPath: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins"
        - name: cdi
          mountPath: /var/run/cdi
      volumes:
      - name: plugins-registry
        hostPath:
          path: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins_registry"
      - name: plugins
        hostPath:
          path: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins"
      - name: cdi
        hostPath:
          path: /var/run/cdi

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The DaemonSet is configured with the volume mounts necessary to interact with the underlying Container Device Interface (CDI) directory, and to expose its socket to kubelet via the kubelet/plugins dir


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-kubeletplugin
  namespace: dra-tutorial
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
  updateStrategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
    spec:
      priorityClassName: dra-driver-high-priority
      serviceAccountName: dra-example-driver-service-account
      securityContext:
        {}
      containers:
      - name: plugin
        securityContext:
          privileged: true
        image: registry.k8s.io/dra-example-driver/dra-example-driver:v0.2.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        command: ["dra-example-kubeletplugin"]
        resources:
          {}
        # Production drivers should always implement a liveness probe
        # For the tutorial we simply omit it
        # livenessProbe:
        #   grpc:
        #     port: 51515
        #     service: liveness
        #   failureThreshold: 3

Response:
        #   periodSeconds: 10
        env:
        - name: CDI_ROOT
          value: /var/run/cdi
        - name: KUBELET_REGISTRAR_DIRECTORY_PATH
          value: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins_registry"
        - name: KUBELET_PLUGINS_DIRECTORY_PATH
          value: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins"
        - name: NODE_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: spec.nodeName
        - name: NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        # Simulated number of devices the example driver will pretend to have.
        - name: NUM_DEVICES
          value: "9"
        - name: HEALTHCHECK_PORT
          value: "51515"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: plugins-registry
          mountPath: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins_registry"
        - name: plugins
          mountPath: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins"
        - name: cdi
          mountPath: /var/run/cdi
      volumes:
      - name: plugins-registry
        hostPath:
          path: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins_registry"
      - name: plugins
        hostPath:
          path: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins"
      - name: cdi
        hostPath:
          path: /var/run/cdi


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: dra-example-driver-kubeletplugin
  namespace: dra-tutorial
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
  updateStrategy:
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: dra-example-driver
    spec:
      priorityClassName: dra-driver-high-priority
      serviceAccountName: dra-example-driver-service-account
      securityContext:
        {}
      containers:
      - name: plugin
        securityContext:
          privileged: true
        image: registry.k8s.io/dra-example-driver/dra-example-driver:v0.2.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        command: ["dra-example-kubeletplugin"]
        resources:
          {}
        # Production drivers should always implement a liveness probe
        # For the tutorial we simply omit it
        # livenessProbe:
        #   grpc:
        #     port: 51515
        #     service: liveness
        #   failureThreshold: 3
        #   periodSeconds: 10
        env:
        - name: CDI_ROOT
          value: /var/run/cdi
        - name: KUBELET_REGISTRAR_DIRECTORY_PATH
          value: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins_registry"
        - name: KUBELET_PLUGINS_DIRECTORY_PATH
          value: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins"
        - name: NODE_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: spec.nodeName
        - name: NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        # Simulated number of devices the example driver will pretend to have.
        - name: NUM_DEVICES
          value: "9"
        - name: HEALTHCHECK_PORT
          value: "51515"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: plugins-registry
          mountPath: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins_registry"
        - name: plugins
          mountPath: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins"
        - name: cdi
          mountPath: /var/run/cdi
      volumes:
      - name: plugins-registry
        hostPath:
          path: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins_registry"
      - name: plugins
        hostPath:
          path: "/var/lib/kubelet/plugins"
      - name: cdi
        hostPath:
          path: /var/run/cdi

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The DaemonSet is configured with the volume mounts necessary to interact with the underlying Container Device Interface (CDI) directory, and to expose its socket to kubelet via the kubelet/plugins dir


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply --server-side -f http://k8s.io/examples/dra/driver-install/daemonset.yaml

Response: This bash code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The DaemonSet is configured with the volume mounts necessary to interact with the underlying Container Device Interface (CDI) directory, and to expose its socket to kubelet via the kubelet/plugins dir


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod -l app.kubernetes.io/name=dra-example-driver -n dra-tutorial

Response: This bash code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

dra/driver-install/example/resourceclaim.yaml
apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1
kind: ResourceClaim
metadata:
 name: some-gpu
 namespace: dra-tutorial
spec:

Response:
   devices:
     requests:
     - name: some-gpu
       exactly:
         deviceClassName: gpu.example.com
         selectors:
         - cel:
             expression: "device.capacity['gpu.example.com'].memory.compareTo(quantity('10Gi')) >= 0"

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Below is the Pod manifest referencing the ResourceClaim you just made, some-gpu, in the spec.resourceClaims.resourceClaimName field. The local name for that claim, gpu, is then used in the spec.contai


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

dra/driver-install/example/resourceclaim.yaml
apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1
kind: ResourceClaim
metadata:
 name: some-gpu
 namespace: dra-tutorial
spec:
   devices:
     requests:
     - name: some-gpu
       exactly:
         deviceClassName: gpu.example.com
         selectors:
         - cel:
             expression: "device.capacity['gpu.example.com'].memory.compareTo(quantity('10Gi')) >= 0"

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Below is the Pod manifest referencing the ResourceClaim you just made, some-gpu, in the spec.resourceClaims.resourceClaimName field. The local name for that claim, gpu, is then used in the spec.contai


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1
kind: ResourceClaim
metadata:
 name: some-gpu
 namespace: dra-tutorial
spec:
   devices:

Response:
     requests:
     - name: some-gpu
       exactly:
         deviceClassName: gpu.example.com
         selectors:
         - cel:
             expression: "device.capacity['gpu.example.com'].memory.compareTo(quantity('10Gi')) >= 0"


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1
kind: ResourceClaim
metadata:
 name: some-gpu
 namespace: dra-tutorial
spec:
   devices:
     requests:
     - name: some-gpu
       exactly:
         deviceClassName: gpu.example.com
         selectors:
         - cel:
             expression: "device.capacity['gpu.example.com'].memory.compareTo(quantity('10Gi')) >= 0"

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Below is the Pod manifest referencing the ResourceClaim you just made, some-gpu, in the spec.resourceClaims.resourceClaimName field. The local name for that claim, gpu, is then used in the spec.contai


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply --server-side -f http://k8s.io/examples/dra/driver-install/example/resourceclaim.yaml

Response: This bash code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Below is the Pod manifest referencing the ResourceClaim you just made, some-gpu, in the spec.resourceClaims.resourceClaimName field. The local name for that claim, gpu, is then used in the spec.contai


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

dra/driver-install/example/pod.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod0
  namespace: dra-tutorial
  labels:
    app: pod
spec:
  containers:

Response:
  - name: ctr0
    image: ubuntu:24.04
    command: ["bash", "-c"]
    args: ["export; trap 'exit 0' TERM; sleep 9999 & wait"]
    resources:
      claims:
      - name: gpu
  resourceClaims:
  - name: gpu
    resourceClaimName: some-gpu

Context: Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Confirm the pod has deployed:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

dra/driver-install/example/pod.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod0
  namespace: dra-tutorial
  labels:
    app: pod
spec:
  containers:
  - name: ctr0
    image: ubuntu:24.04
    command: ["bash", "-c"]
    args: ["export; trap 'exit 0' TERM; sleep 9999 & wait"]
    resources:
      claims:
      - name: gpu
  resourceClaims:
  - name: gpu
    resourceClaimName: some-gpu

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Confirm the pod has deployed:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod0
  namespace: dra-tutorial
  labels:
    app: pod
spec:
  containers:

Response:
  - name: ctr0
    image: ubuntu:24.04
    command: ["bash", "-c"]
    args: ["export; trap 'exit 0' TERM; sleep 9999 & wait"]
    resources:
      claims:
      - name: gpu
  resourceClaims:
  - name: gpu
    resourceClaimName: some-gpu


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod0
  namespace: dra-tutorial
  labels:
    app: pod
spec:
  containers:
  - name: ctr0
    image: ubuntu:24.04
    command: ["bash", "-c"]
    args: ["export; trap 'exit 0' TERM; sleep 9999 & wait"]
    resources:
      claims:
      - name: gpu
  resourceClaims:
  - name: gpu
    resourceClaimName: some-gpu

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Confirm the pod has deployed:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply --server-side -f http://k8s.io/examples/dra/driver-install/example/pod.yaml

Response: This bash code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | Confirm the pod has deployed:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl logs pod0 -c ctr0 -n dra-tutorial | grep -E "GPU_DEVICE_[0-9]+=" | grep -v "RESOURCE_CLAIM"

Response: This bash code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get resourceclaim some-gpu -n dra-tutorial -o yaml

Response: This bash code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The output is similar to this: 1apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1 2kind: ResourceClaim 3metadata: 4 creationTimestamp: "2025-08-20T18:17:31Z" 5 finalizers: 6 - resource.kubernetes.io/delete


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

1apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1
 2kind: ResourceClaim
 3metadata:
 4    creationTimestamp: "2025-08-20T18:17:31Z"
 5    finalizers:
 6    - resource.kubernetes.io/delete-protection
 7    name: some-gpu
 8    namespace: dra-tutorial
 9    resourceVersion: "2326"
10    uid: d3e48dbf-40da-47c3-a7b9-f7d54d1051c3
11spec:
12    devices:
13        requests:
14        - exactly:
15            allocationMode: ExactCount
16            count: 1
17            deviceClassName: gpu.example.com
18            selectors:
19            - cel:
20                expression: device.capacity['gpu.example.com'].memory.compareTo(quantity('10Gi'))

Response:
21                >= 0
22        name: some-gpu
23status:
24    allocation:
25        devices:
26        results:
27        - device: gpu-0
28            driver: gpu.example.com
29            pool: kind-worker
30            request: some-gpu
31        nodeSelector:
32        nodeSelectorTerms:
33        - matchFields:
34            - key: metadata.name
35            operator: In
36            values:
37            - kind-worker
38    reservedFor:
39    - name: pod0
40        resource: pods
41        uid: c4dadf20-392a-474d-a47b-ab82080c8bd7


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

1apiVersion: resource.k8s.io/v1
 2kind: ResourceClaim
 3metadata:
 4    creationTimestamp: "2025-08-20T18:17:31Z"
 5    finalizers:
 6    - resource.kubernetes.io/delete-protection
 7    name: some-gpu
 8    namespace: dra-tutorial
 9    resourceVersion: "2326"
10    uid: d3e48dbf-40da-47c3-a7b9-f7d54d1051c3
11spec:
12    devices:
13        requests:
14        - exactly:
15            allocationMode: ExactCount
16            count: 1
17            deviceClassName: gpu.example.com
18            selectors:
19            - cel:
20                expression: device.capacity['gpu.example.com'].memory.compareTo(quantity('10Gi'))
21                >= 0
22        name: some-gpu
23status:
24    allocation:
25        devices:
26        results:
27        - device: gpu-0
28            driver: gpu.example.com
29            pool: kind-worker
30            request: some-gpu
31        nodeSelector:
32        nodeSelectorTerms:
33        - matchFields:
34            - key: metadata.name
35            operator: In
36            values:
37            - kind-worker
38    reservedFor:
39    - name: pod0
40        resource: pods
41        uid: c4dadf20-392a-474d-a47b-ab82080c8bd7

Response: This yaml code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | To check how the driver handled device allocation, get the logs for the driver DaemonSet Pods:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl logs -l app.kubernetes.io/name=dra-example-driver -n dra-tutorial

Response: This bash code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl logs -l app.kubernetes.io/name=dra-example-driver -n dra-tutorial

Response: This bash code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Complete this bash code:

kubectl delete namespace dra-tutorial
kubectl delete deviceclass gpu.example.com

Response:
kubectl delete clusterrole dra-example-driver-role
kubectl delete clusterrolebinding dra-example-driver-role-binding
kubectl delete priorityclass dra-driver-high-priority


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl delete namespace dra-tutorial
kubectl delete deviceclass gpu.example.com
kubectl delete clusterrole dra-example-driver-role
kubectl delete clusterrolebinding dra-example-driver-role-binding
kubectl delete priorityclass dra-driver-high-priority

Response: This bash code Install Drivers and Allocate Devices with DRA |


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: example-service
spec:

Response:
  selector:
    app: example
  ports:
    - port: 8765
      targetPort: 9376
  type: LoadBalancer

Context: Create an External Load Balancer | You can alternatively create the service with the kubectl expose command and its --type=LoadBalancer flag:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: example-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: example
  ports:
    - port: 8765
      targetPort: 9376
  type: LoadBalancer

Response: This yaml code Create an External Load Balancer | You can alternatively create the service with the kubectl expose command and its --type=LoadBalancer flag:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl expose deployment example --port=8765 --target-port=9376 \
        --name=example-service --type=LoadBalancer

Response: This bash code Create an External Load Balancer | This command creates a new Service using the same selectors as the referenced resource (in the case of the example above, a Deployment named example).

Context: Create an External Load Balancer | This command creates a new Service using the same selectors as the referenced resource (in the case of the example above, a Deployment named example).


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:                     example-service
Namespace:                default
Labels:                   app=example
Annotations:              <none>
Selector:                 app=example
Type:                     LoadBalancer
IP Families:              <none>
IP:                       10.3.22.96

Response:
IPs:                      10.3.22.96
LoadBalancer Ingress:     192.0.2.89
Port:                     <unset>  8765/TCP
TargetPort:               9376/TCP
NodePort:                 <unset>  30593/TCP
Endpoints:                172.17.0.3:9376
Session Affinity:         None
External Traffic Policy:  Cluster
Events:                   <none>

Context: Create an External Load Balancer | The load balancer's IP address is listed next to LoadBalancer Ingress.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:                     example-service
Namespace:                default
Labels:                   app=example
Annotations:              <none>
Selector:                 app=example
Type:                     LoadBalancer
IP Families:              <none>
IP:                       10.3.22.96
IPs:                      10.3.22.96
LoadBalancer Ingress:     192.0.2.89
Port:                     <unset>  8765/TCP
TargetPort:               9376/TCP
NodePort:                 <unset>  30593/TCP
Endpoints:                172.17.0.3:9376
Session Affinity:         None
External Traffic Policy:  Cluster
Events:                   <none>

Response: This text code Create an External Load Balancer | The load balancer's IP address is listed next to LoadBalancer Ingress.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: example-service
spec:
  selector:

Response:
    app: example
  ports:
    - port: 8765
      targetPort: 9376
  externalTrafficPolicy: Local
  type: LoadBalancer

Context: Create an External Load Balancer | Load balancing services from some cloud providers do not let you configure different weights for each target.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: example-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: example
  ports:
    - port: 8765
      targetPort: 9376
  externalTrafficPolicy: Local
  type: LoadBalancer

Response: This yaml code Create an External Load Balancer | Load balancing services from some cloud providers do not let you configure different weights for each target.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: example-service
spec:

Response:
  selector:
    app: example
  ports:
    - port: 8765
      targetPort: 9376
  type: LoadBalancer


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: example-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: example
  ports:
    - port: 8765
      targetPort: 9376
  type: LoadBalancer

Response: This yaml code Create an External Load Balancer | You can alternatively create the service with the kubectl expose command and its --type=LoadBalancer flag:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl expose deployment example --port=8765 --target-port=9376 \
        --name=example-service --type=LoadBalancer

Response: This bash code Create an External Load Balancer | This command creates a new Service using the same selectors as the referenced resource (in the case of the example above, a Deployment named example).


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:                     example-service
Namespace:                default
Labels:                   app=example
Annotations:              <none>
Selector:                 app=example
Type:                     LoadBalancer
IP Families:              <none>
IP:                       10.3.22.96

Response:
IPs:                      10.3.22.96
LoadBalancer Ingress:     192.0.2.89
Port:                     <unset>  8765/TCP
TargetPort:               9376/TCP
NodePort:                 <unset>  30593/TCP
Endpoints:                172.17.0.3:9376
Session Affinity:         None
External Traffic Policy:  Cluster
Events:                   <none>


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:                     example-service
Namespace:                default
Labels:                   app=example
Annotations:              <none>
Selector:                 app=example
Type:                     LoadBalancer
IP Families:              <none>
IP:                       10.3.22.96
IPs:                      10.3.22.96
LoadBalancer Ingress:     192.0.2.89
Port:                     <unset>  8765/TCP
TargetPort:               9376/TCP
NodePort:                 <unset>  30593/TCP
Endpoints:                172.17.0.3:9376
Session Affinity:         None
External Traffic Policy:  Cluster
Events:                   <none>

Response: This text code Create an External Load Balancer | The load balancer's IP address is listed next to LoadBalancer Ingress.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: example-service
spec:
  selector:

Response:
    app: example
  ports:
    - port: 8765
      targetPort: 9376
  externalTrafficPolicy: Local
  type: LoadBalancer


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: example-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: example
  ports:
    - port: 8765
      targetPort: 9376
  externalTrafficPolicy: Local
  type: LoadBalancer

Response: This yaml code Create an External Load Balancer | Load balancing services from some cloud providers do not let you configure different weights for each target.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: example-service
spec:

Response:
  selector:
    app: example
  ports:
    - port: 8765
      targetPort: 9376
  type: LoadBalancer


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: example-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: example
  ports:
    - port: 8765
      targetPort: 9376
  type: LoadBalancer

Response: This yaml code Create an External Load Balancer | You can alternatively create the service with the kubectl expose command and its --type=LoadBalancer flag:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl expose deployment example --port=8765 --target-port=9376 \
        --name=example-service --type=LoadBalancer

Response: This bash code Create an External Load Balancer | This command creates a new Service using the same selectors as the referenced resource (in the case of the example above, a Deployment named example).


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: example-service
spec:
  selector:

Response:
    app: example
  ports:
    - port: 8765
      targetPort: 9376
  externalTrafficPolicy: Local
  type: LoadBalancer


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: example-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: example
  ports:
    - port: 8765
      targetPort: 9376
  externalTrafficPolicy: Local
  type: LoadBalancer

Response: This yaml code Create an External Load Balancer | Load balancing services from some cloud providers do not let you configure different weights for each target.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: cassandra
  name: cassandra

Response:
spec:
  clusterIP: None
  ports:
  - port: 9042
  selector:
    app: cassandra

Context: Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Create a Service to track all Cassandra StatefulSet members from the cassandra-service.yaml file:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: cassandra
  name: cassandra
spec:
  clusterIP: None
  ports:
  - port: 9042
  selector:
    app: cassandra

Response: This yaml code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Create a Service to track all Cassandra StatefulSet members from the cassandra-service.yaml file:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/cassandra/cassandra-service.yaml

Response: This bash code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Get the Cassandra Service.

Context: Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Get the Cassandra Service.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
cassandra   ClusterIP   None         <none>        9042/TCP   45s

Response: This text code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | If you don't see a Service named cassandra, that means creation failed. Read Debug Services for help troubleshooting common issues.

Context: Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | If you don't see a Service named cassandra, that means creation failed. Read Debug Services for help troubleshooting common issues.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: cassandra
  labels:
    app: cassandra
spec:
  serviceName: cassandra
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: cassandra
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: cassandra
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 500
      containers:
      - name: cassandra
        image: gcr.io/google-samples/cassandra:v13
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        ports:
        - containerPort: 7000
          name: intra-node
        - containerPort: 7001
          name: tls-intra-node
        - containerPort: 7199
          name: jmx
        - containerPort: 9042
          name: cql
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: "500m"
            memory: 1Gi
          requests:
            cpu: "500m"
            memory: 1Gi
        securityContext:
          capabilities:
            add:
              - IPC_LOCK
        lifecycle:
          preStop:
            exec:
              command:
              - /bin/sh
              - -c
              - nodetool drain
        env:

Response:
          - name: MAX_HEAP_SIZE
            value: 512M
          - name: HEAP_NEWSIZE
            value: 100M
          - name: CASSANDRA_SEEDS
            value: "cassandra-0.cassandra.default.svc.cluster.local"
          - name: CASSANDRA_CLUSTER_NAME
            value: "K8Demo"
          - name: CASSANDRA_DC
            value: "DC1-K8Demo"
          - name: CASSANDRA_RACK
            value: "Rack1-K8Demo"
          - name: POD_IP
            valueFrom:
              fieldRef:
                fieldPath: status.podIP
        readinessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - /bin/bash
            - -c
            - /ready-probe.sh
          initialDelaySeconds: 15
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        # These volume mounts are persistent. They are like inline claims,
        # but not exactly because the names need to match exactly one of
        # the stateful pod volumes.
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cassandra-data
          mountPath: /cassandra_data
  # These are converted to volume claims by the controller
  # and mounted at the paths mentioned above.
  # do not use these in production until ssd GCEPersistentDisk or other ssd pd
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: cassandra-data
    spec:
      accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      storageClassName: fast
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 1Gi
---
kind: StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: fast
provisioner: k8s.io/minikube-hostpath
parameters:
  type: pd-ssd

Context: Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Create the Cassandra StatefulSet from the cassandra-statefulset.yaml file:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: cassandra
  labels:
    app: cassandra
spec:
  serviceName: cassandra
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: cassandra
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: cassandra
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 500
      containers:
      - name: cassandra
        image: gcr.io/google-samples/cassandra:v13
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        ports:
        - containerPort: 7000
          name: intra-node
        - containerPort: 7001
          name: tls-intra-node
        - containerPort: 7199
          name: jmx
        - containerPort: 9042
          name: cql
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: "500m"
            memory: 1Gi
          requests:
            cpu: "500m"
            memory: 1Gi
        securityContext:
          capabilities:
            add:
              - IPC_LOCK
        lifecycle:
          preStop:
            exec:
              command:
              - /bin/sh
              - -c
              - nodetool drain
        env:
          - name: MAX_HEAP_SIZE
            value: 512M
          - name: HEAP_NEWSIZE
            value: 100M
          - name: CASSANDRA_SEEDS
            value: "cassandra-0.cassandra.default.svc.cluster.local"
          - name: CASSANDRA_CLUSTER_NAME
            value: "K8Demo"
          - name: CASSANDRA_DC
            value: "DC1-K8Demo"
          - name: CASSANDRA_RACK
            value: "Rack1-K8Demo"
          - name: POD_IP
            valueFrom:
              fieldRef:
                fieldPath: status.podIP
        readinessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - /bin/bash
            - -c
            - /ready-probe.sh
          initialDelaySeconds: 15
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        # These volume mounts are persistent. They are like inline claims,
        # but not exactly because the names need to match exactly one of
        # the stateful pod volumes.
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cassandra-data
          mountPath: /cassandra_data
  # These are converted to volume claims by the controller
  # and mounted at the paths mentioned above.
  # do not use these in production until ssd GCEPersistentDisk or other ssd pd
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: cassandra-data
    spec:
      accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      storageClassName: fast
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 1Gi
---
kind: StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: fast
provisioner: k8s.io/minikube-hostpath
parameters:
  type: pd-ssd

Response: This yaml code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Create the Cassandra StatefulSet from the cassandra-statefulset.yaml file:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Use this if you are able to apply cassandra-statefulset.yaml unmodified
kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/cassandra/cassandra-statefulset.yaml

Response: This text code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | If you need to modify cassandra-statefulset.yaml to suit your cluster, download https://k8s.io/examples/application/cassandra/cassandra-statefulset.yaml and then apply that manifest, from the folder y

Context: Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | If you need to modify cassandra-statefulset.yaml to suit your cluster, download https://k8s.io/examples/application/cassandra/cassandra-statefulset.yaml and then apply that manifest, from the folder y


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Use this if you needed to modify cassandra-statefulset.yaml locally
kubectl apply -f cassandra-statefulset.yaml

Response: This text code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Get the Cassandra StatefulSet:

Context: Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Get the Cassandra StatefulSet:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME        DESIRED   CURRENT   AGE
cassandra   3         0         13s

Response: This text code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | The StatefulSet resource deploys Pods sequentially.

Context: Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | The StatefulSet resource deploys Pods sequentially.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME          READY     STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
cassandra-0   1/1       Running             0          1m
cassandra-1   0/1       ContainerCreating   0          8s

Response: This text code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | It can take several minutes for all three Pods to deploy. Once they are deployed, the same command returns output similar to:

Context: Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | It can take several minutes for all three Pods to deploy. Once they are deployed, the same command returns output similar to:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME          READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
cassandra-0   1/1       Running   0          10m

Response:
cassandra-1   1/1       Running   0          9m
cassandra-2   1/1       Running   0          8m

Context: Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Run the Cassandra nodetool inside the first Pod, to display the status of the ring.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME          READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
cassandra-0   1/1       Running   0          10m
cassandra-1   1/1       Running   0          9m
cassandra-2   1/1       Running   0          8m

Response: This text code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Run the Cassandra nodetool inside the first Pod, to display the status of the ring.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Datacenter: DC1-K8Demo
======================
Status=Up/Down
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving

Response:
--  Address     Load       Tokens       Owns (effective)  Host ID                               Rack
UN  172.17.0.5  83.57 KiB  32           74.0%             e2dd09e6-d9d3-477e-96c5-45094c08db0f  Rack1-K8Demo
UN  172.17.0.4  101.04 KiB  32           58.8%             f89d6835-3a42-4419-92b3-0e62cae1479c  Rack1-K8Demo
UN  172.17.0.6  84.74 KiB  32           67.1%             a6a1e8c2-3dc5-4417-b1a0-26507af2aaad  Rack1-K8Demo

Context: Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Use kubectl edit to modify the size of a Cassandra StatefulSet.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Datacenter: DC1-K8Demo
======================
Status=Up/Down
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
--  Address     Load       Tokens       Owns (effective)  Host ID                               Rack
UN  172.17.0.5  83.57 KiB  32           74.0%             e2dd09e6-d9d3-477e-96c5-45094c08db0f  Rack1-K8Demo
UN  172.17.0.4  101.04 KiB  32           58.8%             f89d6835-3a42-4419-92b3-0e62cae1479c  Rack1-K8Demo
UN  172.17.0.6  84.74 KiB  32           67.1%             a6a1e8c2-3dc5-4417-b1a0-26507af2aaad  Rack1-K8Demo

Response: This text code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Use kubectl edit to modify the size of a Cassandra StatefulSet.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

# Please edit the object below. Lines beginning with a '#' will be ignored,
# and an empty file will abort the edit. If an error occurs while saving this file will be
# reopened with the relevant failures.
#
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2016-08-13T18:40:58Z

Response:
  generation: 1
  labels:
  app: cassandra
  name: cassandra
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "323"
  uid: 7a219483-6185-11e6-a910-42010a8a0fc0
spec:
  replicas: 3

Context: Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Change the number of replicas to 4, and then save the manifest.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

# Please edit the object below. Lines beginning with a '#' will be ignored,
# and an empty file will abort the edit. If an error occurs while saving this file will be
# reopened with the relevant failures.
#
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2016-08-13T18:40:58Z
  generation: 1
  labels:
  app: cassandra
  name: cassandra
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "323"
  uid: 7a219483-6185-11e6-a910-42010a8a0fc0
spec:
  replicas: 3

Response: This yaml code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Change the number of replicas to 4, and then save the manifest.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME        DESIRED   CURRENT   AGE
cassandra   4         4         36m

Response: This text code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Deleting or scaling a StatefulSet down does not delete the volumes associated with the StatefulSet. This setting is for your safety because your data is more valuable than automatically purging all re

Context: Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Deleting or scaling a StatefulSet down does not delete the volumes associated with the StatefulSet. This setting is for your safety because your data is more valuable than automatically purging all re


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

grace=$(kubectl get pod cassandra-0 -o=jsonpath='{.spec.terminationGracePeriodSeconds}') \
  && kubectl delete statefulset -l app=cassandra \

Response:
  && echo "Sleeping ${grace} seconds" 1>&2 \
  && sleep $grace \
  && kubectl delete persistentvolumeclaim -l app=cassandra

Context: Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Run the following command to delete the Service you set up for Cassandra:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

grace=$(kubectl get pod cassandra-0 -o=jsonpath='{.spec.terminationGracePeriodSeconds}') \
  && kubectl delete statefulset -l app=cassandra \
  && echo "Sleeping ${grace} seconds" 1>&2 \
  && sleep $grace \
  && kubectl delete persistentvolumeclaim -l app=cassandra

Response: This text code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Run the following command to delete the Service you set up for Cassandra:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: cassandra
  name: cassandra

Response:
spec:
  clusterIP: None
  ports:
  - port: 9042
  selector:
    app: cassandra


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: cassandra
  name: cassandra
spec:
  clusterIP: None
  ports:
  - port: 9042
  selector:
    app: cassandra

Response: This yaml code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Create a Service to track all Cassandra StatefulSet members from the cassandra-service.yaml file:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/cassandra/cassandra-service.yaml

Response: This shell code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Get the Cassandra Service.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
cassandra   ClusterIP   None         <none>        9042/TCP   45s

Response: This text code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | If you don't see a Service named cassandra, that means creation failed. Read Debug Services for help troubleshooting common issues.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: cassandra
  labels:
    app: cassandra
spec:
  serviceName: cassandra
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: cassandra
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: cassandra
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 500
      containers:
      - name: cassandra
        image: gcr.io/google-samples/cassandra:v13
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        ports:
        - containerPort: 7000
          name: intra-node
        - containerPort: 7001
          name: tls-intra-node
        - containerPort: 7199
          name: jmx
        - containerPort: 9042
          name: cql
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: "500m"
            memory: 1Gi
          requests:
            cpu: "500m"
            memory: 1Gi
        securityContext:
          capabilities:
            add:
              - IPC_LOCK
        lifecycle:
          preStop:
            exec:
              command:
              - /bin/sh
              - -c
              - nodetool drain
        env:

Response:
          - name: MAX_HEAP_SIZE
            value: 512M
          - name: HEAP_NEWSIZE
            value: 100M
          - name: CASSANDRA_SEEDS
            value: "cassandra-0.cassandra.default.svc.cluster.local"
          - name: CASSANDRA_CLUSTER_NAME
            value: "K8Demo"
          - name: CASSANDRA_DC
            value: "DC1-K8Demo"
          - name: CASSANDRA_RACK
            value: "Rack1-K8Demo"
          - name: POD_IP
            valueFrom:
              fieldRef:
                fieldPath: status.podIP
        readinessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - /bin/bash
            - -c
            - /ready-probe.sh
          initialDelaySeconds: 15
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        # These volume mounts are persistent. They are like inline claims,
        # but not exactly because the names need to match exactly one of
        # the stateful pod volumes.
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cassandra-data
          mountPath: /cassandra_data
  # These are converted to volume claims by the controller
  # and mounted at the paths mentioned above.
  # do not use these in production until ssd GCEPersistentDisk or other ssd pd
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: cassandra-data
    spec:
      accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      storageClassName: fast
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 1Gi
---
kind: StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: fast
provisioner: k8s.io/minikube-hostpath
parameters:
  type: pd-ssd


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: cassandra
  labels:
    app: cassandra
spec:
  serviceName: cassandra
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: cassandra
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: cassandra
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 500
      containers:
      - name: cassandra
        image: gcr.io/google-samples/cassandra:v13
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        ports:
        - containerPort: 7000
          name: intra-node
        - containerPort: 7001
          name: tls-intra-node
        - containerPort: 7199
          name: jmx
        - containerPort: 9042
          name: cql
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: "500m"
            memory: 1Gi
          requests:
            cpu: "500m"
            memory: 1Gi
        securityContext:
          capabilities:
            add:
              - IPC_LOCK
        lifecycle:
          preStop:
            exec:
              command:
              - /bin/sh
              - -c
              - nodetool drain
        env:
          - name: MAX_HEAP_SIZE
            value: 512M
          - name: HEAP_NEWSIZE
            value: 100M
          - name: CASSANDRA_SEEDS
            value: "cassandra-0.cassandra.default.svc.cluster.local"
          - name: CASSANDRA_CLUSTER_NAME
            value: "K8Demo"
          - name: CASSANDRA_DC
            value: "DC1-K8Demo"
          - name: CASSANDRA_RACK
            value: "Rack1-K8Demo"
          - name: POD_IP
            valueFrom:
              fieldRef:
                fieldPath: status.podIP
        readinessProbe:
          exec:
            command:
            - /bin/bash
            - -c
            - /ready-probe.sh
          initialDelaySeconds: 15
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        # These volume mounts are persistent. They are like inline claims,
        # but not exactly because the names need to match exactly one of
        # the stateful pod volumes.
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cassandra-data
          mountPath: /cassandra_data
  # These are converted to volume claims by the controller
  # and mounted at the paths mentioned above.
  # do not use these in production until ssd GCEPersistentDisk or other ssd pd
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: cassandra-data
    spec:
      accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      storageClassName: fast
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 1Gi
---
kind: StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: fast
provisioner: k8s.io/minikube-hostpath
parameters:
  type: pd-ssd

Response: This yaml code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Create the Cassandra StatefulSet from the cassandra-statefulset.yaml file:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Use this if you are able to apply cassandra-statefulset.yaml unmodified
kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/cassandra/cassandra-statefulset.yaml

Response: This shell code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | If you need to modify cassandra-statefulset.yaml to suit your cluster, download https://k8s.io/examples/application/cassandra/cassandra-statefulset.yaml and then apply that manifest, from the folder y


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Use this if you needed to modify cassandra-statefulset.yaml locally
kubectl apply -f cassandra-statefulset.yaml

Response: This shell code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Get the Cassandra StatefulSet:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME        DESIRED   CURRENT   AGE
cassandra   3         0         13s

Response: This text code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | The StatefulSet resource deploys Pods sequentially.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

NAME          READY     STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
cassandra-0   1/1       Running             0          1m
cassandra-1   0/1       ContainerCreating   0          8s

Response: This shell code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | It can take several minutes for all three Pods to deploy. Once they are deployed, the same command returns output similar to:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME          READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
cassandra-0   1/1       Running   0          10m

Response:
cassandra-1   1/1       Running   0          9m
cassandra-2   1/1       Running   0          8m


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME          READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
cassandra-0   1/1       Running   0          10m
cassandra-1   1/1       Running   0          9m
cassandra-2   1/1       Running   0          8m

Response: This text code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Run the Cassandra nodetool inside the first Pod, to display the status of the ring.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Datacenter: DC1-K8Demo
======================
Status=Up/Down
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving

Response:
--  Address     Load       Tokens       Owns (effective)  Host ID                               Rack
UN  172.17.0.5  83.57 KiB  32           74.0%             e2dd09e6-d9d3-477e-96c5-45094c08db0f  Rack1-K8Demo
UN  172.17.0.4  101.04 KiB  32           58.8%             f89d6835-3a42-4419-92b3-0e62cae1479c  Rack1-K8Demo
UN  172.17.0.6  84.74 KiB  32           67.1%             a6a1e8c2-3dc5-4417-b1a0-26507af2aaad  Rack1-K8Demo


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Datacenter: DC1-K8Demo
======================
Status=Up/Down
|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
--  Address     Load       Tokens       Owns (effective)  Host ID                               Rack
UN  172.17.0.5  83.57 KiB  32           74.0%             e2dd09e6-d9d3-477e-96c5-45094c08db0f  Rack1-K8Demo
UN  172.17.0.4  101.04 KiB  32           58.8%             f89d6835-3a42-4419-92b3-0e62cae1479c  Rack1-K8Demo
UN  172.17.0.6  84.74 KiB  32           67.1%             a6a1e8c2-3dc5-4417-b1a0-26507af2aaad  Rack1-K8Demo

Response: This text code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Use kubectl edit to modify the size of a Cassandra StatefulSet.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

# Please edit the object below. Lines beginning with a '#' will be ignored,
# and an empty file will abort the edit. If an error occurs while saving this file will be
# reopened with the relevant failures.
#
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2016-08-13T18:40:58Z

Response:
  generation: 1
  labels:
  app: cassandra
  name: cassandra
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "323"
  uid: 7a219483-6185-11e6-a910-42010a8a0fc0
spec:
  replicas: 3


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

# Please edit the object below. Lines beginning with a '#' will be ignored,
# and an empty file will abort the edit. If an error occurs while saving this file will be
# reopened with the relevant failures.
#
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2016-08-13T18:40:58Z
  generation: 1
  labels:
  app: cassandra
  name: cassandra
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "323"
  uid: 7a219483-6185-11e6-a910-42010a8a0fc0
spec:
  replicas: 3

Response: This yaml code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Change the number of replicas to 4, and then save the manifest.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME        DESIRED   CURRENT   AGE
cassandra   4         4         36m

Response: This text code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Deleting or scaling a StatefulSet down does not delete the volumes associated with the StatefulSet. This setting is for your safety because your data is more valuable than automatically purging all re


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

grace=$(kubectl get pod cassandra-0 -o=jsonpath='{.spec.terminationGracePeriodSeconds}') \
  && kubectl delete statefulset -l app=cassandra \

Response:
  && echo "Sleeping ${grace} seconds" 1>&2 \
  && sleep $grace \
  && kubectl delete persistentvolumeclaim -l app=cassandra


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

grace=$(kubectl get pod cassandra-0 -o=jsonpath='{.spec.terminationGracePeriodSeconds}') \
  && kubectl delete statefulset -l app=cassandra \
  && echo "Sleeping ${grace} seconds" 1>&2 \
  && sleep $grace \
  && kubectl delete persistentvolumeclaim -l app=cassandra

Response: This shell code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Run the following command to delete the Service you set up for Cassandra:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

application/cassandra/cassandra-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: cassandra

Response:
  name: cassandra
spec:
  clusterIP: None
  ports:
  - port: 9042
  selector:
    app: cassandra


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

application/cassandra/cassandra-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: cassandra
  name: cassandra
spec:
  clusterIP: None
  ports:
  - port: 9042
  selector:
    app: cassandra

Response: This yaml code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Create a Service to track all Cassandra StatefulSet members from the cassandra-service.yaml file:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: cassandra
  name: cassandra

Response:
spec:
  clusterIP: None
  ports:
  - port: 9042
  selector:
    app: cassandra


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: cassandra
  name: cassandra
spec:
  clusterIP: None
  ports:
  - port: 9042
  selector:
    app: cassandra

Response: This yaml code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Create a Service to track all Cassandra StatefulSet members from the cassandra-service.yaml file:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/cassandra/cassandra-service.yaml

Response: This bash code Example: Deploying Cassandra with a StatefulSet | Get the Cassandra Service.