Prompt:
Explain this json code:

{
    "addressType": "IPv4",
    "apiVersion": "discovery.k8s.io/v1",
    "endpoints": [
        {
            "addresses": [
                "10.12.1.201"
            ],
            "conditions": {
                "ready": false,
                "serving": true,
                "terminating": true
            },
            "nodeName": "gke-main-default-pool-dca1511c-d17b",
            "targetRef": {
                "kind": "Pod",
                "name": "nginx-deployment-7768647bf9-b4b9s",
                "namespace": "default",
                "uid": "66fa831c-7eb2-407f-bd2c-f96dfe841478"
            },
            "zone": "us-central1-c"
        },
        {
            "addresses": [
                "10.12.1.202"
            ],
            "conditions": {
                "ready": true,
                "serving": true,
                "terminating": false
            },
            "nodeName": "gke-main-default-pool-dca1511c-d17b",
            "targetRef": {
                "kind": "Pod",
                "name": "nginx-deployment-7768647bf9-rkxlw",
                "namespace": "default",
                "uid": "722b1cbe-dcd7-4ed4-8928-4a4d0e2bbe35"
            },
            "zone": "us-central1-c"

Response: This json code 8.3 - Explore Termination Behavior for Pods And Their Endpoints | This allows applications to communicate their state during termination and clients (such as load balancers) to implement connection draining functionality. These clients may detect terminating endpoin


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Start a new terminal, and leave this running.
minikube dashboard

Response: This shell code 1 - Hello Minikube | Now, switch back to the terminal where you ran minikube start.

Context: 1 - Hello Minikube | Now, switch back to the terminal where you ran minikube start.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Start a new terminal, and leave this running.
minikube dashboard --url

Response: This shell code 1 - Hello Minikube | Now, you can use this URL and switch back to the terminal where you ran minikube start.

Context: 1 - Hello Minikube | Now, you can use this URL and switch back to the terminal where you ran minikube start.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Run a test container image that includes a webserver
kubectl create deployment hello-node --image=registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.53 -- /agnhost netexec --http-port=8080

Response: This shell code 1 - Hello Minikube | View the Deployment:

Context: 1 - Hello Minikube | View the Deployment:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME         READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
hello-node   1/1     1            1           1m

Response: This text code 1 - Hello Minikube | (It may take some time for the pod to become available. If you see "0/1", try again in a few seconds.)

Context: 1 - Hello Minikube | (It may take some time for the pod to become available. If you see "0/1", try again in a few seconds.)


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                          READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
hello-node-5f76cf6ccf-br9b5   1/1       Running   0          1m

Response: This text code 1 - Hello Minikube | View cluster events:

Context: 1 - Hello Minikube | View cluster events:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

I0911 09:19:26.677397       1 log.go:195] Started HTTP server on port 8080
I0911 09:19:26.677586       1 log.go:195] Started UDP server on port  8081

Response: This text code 1 - Hello Minikube | By default, the Pod is only accessible by its internal IP address within the Kubernetes cluster. To make the hello-node Container accessible from outside the Kubernetes virtual network, you have to ex

Context: 1 - Hello Minikube | By default, the Pod is only accessible by its internal IP address within the Kubernetes cluster. To make the hello-node Container accessible from outside the Kubernetes virtual network, you have to ex


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl expose deployment hello-node --type=LoadBalancer --port=8080

Response: This shell code 1 - Hello Minikube | The --type=LoadBalancer flag indicates that you want to expose your Service outside of the cluster.

Context: 1 - Hello Minikube | The --type=LoadBalancer flag indicates that you want to expose your Service outside of the cluster.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME         TYPE           CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
hello-node   LoadBalancer   10.108.144.78   <pending>     8080:30369/TCP   21s
kubernetes   ClusterIP      10.96.0.1       <none>        443/TCP          23m

Response: This text code 1 - Hello Minikube | On cloud providers that support load balancers, an external IP address would be provisioned to access the Service. On minikube, the LoadBalancer type makes the Service accessible through the minikube

Context: 1 - Hello Minikube | On cloud providers that support load balancers, an external IP address would be provisioned to access the Service. On minikube, the LoadBalancer type makes the Service accessible through the minikube


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

addon-manager: enabled
dashboard: enabled
default-storageclass: enabled
efk: disabled
freshpod: disabled
gvisor: disabled
helm-tiller: disabled
ingress: disabled

Response:
ingress-dns: disabled
logviewer: disabled
metrics-server: disabled
nvidia-driver-installer: disabled
nvidia-gpu-device-plugin: disabled
registry: disabled
registry-creds: disabled
storage-provisioner: enabled
storage-provisioner-gluster: disabled

Context: 1 - Hello Minikube | Enable an addon, for example, metrics-server:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

addon-manager: enabled
dashboard: enabled
default-storageclass: enabled
efk: disabled
freshpod: disabled
gvisor: disabled
helm-tiller: disabled
ingress: disabled
ingress-dns: disabled
logviewer: disabled
metrics-server: disabled
nvidia-driver-installer: disabled
nvidia-gpu-device-plugin: disabled
registry: disabled
registry-creds: disabled
storage-provisioner: enabled
storage-provisioner-gluster: disabled

Response: This text code 1 - Hello Minikube | Enable an addon, for example, metrics-server:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME                                        READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/coredns-5644d7b6d9-mh9ll                1/1       Running   0          34m
pod/coredns-5644d7b6d9-pqd2t                1/1       Running   0          34m
pod/metrics-server-67fb648c5                1/1       Running   0          26s
pod/etcd-minikube                           1/1       Running   0          34m
pod/influxdb-grafana-b29w8                  2/2       Running   0          26s
pod/kube-addon-manager-minikube             1/1       Running   0          34m
pod/kube-apiserver-minikube                 1/1       Running   0          34m
pod/kube-controller-manager-minikube        1/1       Running   0          34m

Response:
pod/kube-proxy-rnlps                        1/1       Running   0          34m
pod/kube-scheduler-minikube                 1/1       Running   0          34m
pod/storage-provisioner                     1/1       Running   0          34m

NAME                           TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)             AGE
service/metrics-server         ClusterIP   10.96.241.45    <none>        80/TCP              26s
service/kube-dns               ClusterIP   10.96.0.10      <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP       34m
service/monitoring-grafana     NodePort    10.99.24.54     <none>        80:30002/TCP        26s
service/monitoring-influxdb    ClusterIP   10.111.169.94   <none>        8083/TCP,8086/TCP   26s

Context: 1 - Hello Minikube | Check the output from metrics-server:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                                        READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/coredns-5644d7b6d9-mh9ll                1/1       Running   0          34m
pod/coredns-5644d7b6d9-pqd2t                1/1       Running   0          34m
pod/metrics-server-67fb648c5                1/1       Running   0          26s
pod/etcd-minikube                           1/1       Running   0          34m
pod/influxdb-grafana-b29w8                  2/2       Running   0          26s
pod/kube-addon-manager-minikube             1/1       Running   0          34m
pod/kube-apiserver-minikube                 1/1       Running   0          34m
pod/kube-controller-manager-minikube        1/1       Running   0          34m
pod/kube-proxy-rnlps                        1/1       Running   0          34m
pod/kube-scheduler-minikube                 1/1       Running   0          34m
pod/storage-provisioner                     1/1       Running   0          34m

NAME                           TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)             AGE
service/metrics-server         ClusterIP   10.96.241.45    <none>        80/TCP              26s
service/kube-dns               ClusterIP   10.96.0.10      <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP       34m
service/monitoring-grafana     NodePort    10.99.24.54     <none>        80:30002/TCP        26s
service/monitoring-influxdb    ClusterIP   10.111.169.94   <none>        8083/TCP,8086/TCP   26s

Response: This text code 1 - Hello Minikube | Check the output from metrics-server:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                         CPU(cores)   MEMORY(bytes)
hello-node-ccf4b9788-4jn97   1m           6Mi

Response: This text code 1 - Hello Minikube | If you see the following message, wait, and try again:

Context: 1 - Hello Minikube | If you see the following message, wait, and try again:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl delete service hello-node
kubectl delete deployment hello-node

Response: This shell code 1 - Hello Minikube | Stop the Minikube cluster

Context: 1 - Hello Minikube | Stop the Minikube cluster


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl create deployment kubernetes-bootcamp --image=gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v1

Response: This shell code 2.2.1 - Using kubectl to Create a Deployment | Great! You just deployed your first application by creating a deployment. This performed a few things for you:

Context: 2.2.1 - Using kubectl to Create a Deployment | Great! You just deployed your first application by creating a deployment. This performed a few things for you:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods -o go-template --template '{{range .items}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}')
echo Name of the Pod: $POD_NAME

Response: This shell code 2.2.1 - Using kubectl to Create a Deployment | You can access the Pod through the proxied API, by running:

Context: 2.2.1 - Using kubectl to Create a Deployment | You can access the Pod through the proxied API, by running:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

curl http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/default/pods/$POD_NAME:8080/proxy/

Response: This shell code 2.2.1 - Using kubectl to Create a Deployment | In order for the new Deployment to be accessible without using the proxy, a Service is required which will be explained in Module 4.

Context: 2.2.1 - Using kubectl to Create a Deployment | In order for the new Deployment to be accessible without using the proxy, a Service is required which will be explained in Module 4.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

export POD_NAME="$(kubectl get pods -o go-template --template '{{range .items}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}')"
echo Name of the Pod: $POD_NAME

Response: This shell code 2.3.1 - Viewing Pods and Nodes | To see the output of our application, run a curl request:

Context: 2.3.1 - Viewing Pods and Nodes | To see the output of our application, run a curl request:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

curl http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/default/pods/$POD_NAME:8080/proxy/

Response: This shell code 2.3.1 - Viewing Pods and Nodes | The URL is the route to the API of the Pod.

Context: 2.3.1 - Viewing Pods and Nodes | The URL is the route to the API of the Pod.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl expose deployment/kubernetes-bootcamp --type="NodePort" --port 8080

Response: This shell code 2.4.1 - Using a Service to Expose Your App | We have now a running Service called kubernetes-bootcamp. Here we see that the Service received a unique cluster-IP, an internal port and an external-IP (the IP of the Node).

Context: 2.4.1 - Using a Service to Expose Your App | We have now a running Service called kubernetes-bootcamp. Here we see that the Service received a unique cluster-IP, an internal port and an external-IP (the IP of the Node).


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

export NODE_PORT="$(kubectl get services/kubernetes-bootcamp -o go-template='{{(index .spec.ports 0).nodePort}}')"
echo "NODE_PORT=$NODE_PORT"

Response: This shell code 2.4.1 - Using a Service to Expose Your App | Now we can test that the app is exposed outside of the cluster using curl, the IP address of the Node and the externally exposed port:

Context: 2.4.1 - Using a Service to Expose Your App | Now we can test that the app is exposed outside of the cluster using curl, the IP address of the Node and the externally exposed port:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

http://127.0.0.1:51082
!  Because you are using a Docker driver on darwin, the terminal needs to be open to run it.

Response: This text code 2.4.1 - Using a Service to Expose Your App | Then use the given URL to access the app:

Context: 2.4.1 - Using a Service to Expose Your App | Then use the given URL to access the app:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

export POD_NAME="$(kubectl get pods -o go-template --template '{{range .items}}{{.metadata.name}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}')"
echo "Name of the Pod: $POD_NAME"

Response: This shell code 2.4.1 - Using a Service to Expose Your App | To apply a new label we use the label subcommand followed by the object type, object name and the new label:

Context: 2.4.1 - Using a Service to Expose Your App | To apply a new label we use the label subcommand followed by the object type, object name and the new label:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl exec -ti $POD_NAME -- curl http://localhost:8080

Response: This shell code 2.4.1 - Using a Service to Expose Your App | We see here that the application is up. This is because the Deployment is managing the application. To shut down the application, you would need to delete the Deployment as well.

Context: 2.4.1 - Using a Service to Expose Your App | We see here that the application is up. This is because the Deployment is managing the application. To shut down the application, you would need to delete the Deployment as well.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl expose deployment/kubernetes-bootcamp --type="LoadBalancer" --port 8080

Response: This shell code 2.5.1 - Running Multiple Instances of Your App | Scaling out a Deployment will ensure new Pods are created and scheduled to Nodes with available resources. Scaling will increase the number of Pods to the new desired state. Kubernetes also supports a

Context: 2.5.1 - Running Multiple Instances of Your App | Scaling out a Deployment will ensure new Pods are created and scheduled to Nodes with available resources. Scaling will increase the number of Pods to the new desired state. Kubernetes also supports a


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                  READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp   1/1     1            1           11m

Response: This text code 2.5.1 - Running Multiple Instances of Your App | We should have 1 Pod. If not, run the command again. This shows:

Context: 2.5.1 - Running Multiple Instances of Your App | We should have 1 Pod. If not, run the command again. This shows:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl scale deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp --replicas=4

Response: This shell code 2.5.1 - Running Multiple Instances of Your App | To list your Deployments once again, use get deployments:

Context: 2.5.1 - Running Multiple Instances of Your App | To list your Deployments once again, use get deployments:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

export NODE_PORT="$(kubectl get services/kubernetes-bootcamp -o go-template='{{(index .spec.ports 0).nodePort}}')"
echo NODE_PORT=$NODE_PORT

Response: This shell code 2.5.1 - Running Multiple Instances of Your App | Next, we’ll do a curl to the exposed IP address and port. Execute the command multiple times:

Context: 2.5.1 - Running Multiple Instances of Your App | Next, we’ll do a curl to the exposed IP address and port. Execute the command multiple times:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-644c5687f4-wp67j | v=1
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-644c5687f4-hs9dj | v=1

Response:
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-644c5687f4-4hjvf | v=1
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-644c5687f4-wp67j | v=1
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-644c5687f4-4hjvf | v=1

Context: 2.5.1 - Running Multiple Instances of Your App | If you're running minikube with Docker Desktop as the container driver, a minikube tunnel is needed. This is because containers inside Docker Desktop are isolated from your host computer.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-644c5687f4-wp67j | v=1
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-644c5687f4-hs9dj | v=1
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-644c5687f4-4hjvf | v=1
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-644c5687f4-wp67j | v=1
Hello Kubernetes bootcamp! | Running on: kubernetes-bootcamp-644c5687f4-4hjvf | v=1

Response: This text code 2.5.1 - Running Multiple Instances of Your App | If you're running minikube with Docker Desktop as the container driver, a minikube tunnel is needed. This is because containers inside Docker Desktop are isolated from your host computer.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

http://127.0.0.1:51082
!  Because you are using a Docker driver on darwin, the terminal needs to be open to run it.

Response: This text code 2.5.1 - Running Multiple Instances of Your App | Then use the given URL to access the app:

Context: 2.5.1 - Running Multiple Instances of Your App | Then use the given URL to access the app:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl scale deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp --replicas=2

Response: This shell code 2.5.1 - Running Multiple Instances of Your App | List the Deployments to check if the change was applied with the get deployments subcommand:

Context: 2.5.1 - Running Multiple Instances of Your App | List the Deployments to check if the change was applied with the get deployments subcommand:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl set image deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp kubernetes-bootcamp=docker.io/jocatalin/kubernetes-bootcamp:v2

Response: This shell code 2.6.1 - Performing a Rolling Update | The command notified the Deployment to use a different image for your app and initiated a rolling update. Check the status of the new Pods, and view the old one terminating with the get pods subcomman

Context: 2.6.1 - Performing a Rolling Update | The command notified the Deployment to use a different image for your app and initiated a rolling update. Check the status of the new Pods, and view the old one terminating with the get pods subcomman


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl expose deployment/kubernetes-bootcamp --type="NodePort" --port 8080

Response: This shell code 2.6.1 - Performing a Rolling Update | Create an environment variable called NODE_PORT that has the value of the Node port assigned:

Context: 2.6.1 - Performing a Rolling Update | Create an environment variable called NODE_PORT that has the value of the Node port assigned:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

export NODE_PORT="$(kubectl get services/kubernetes-bootcamp -o go-template='{{(index .spec.ports 0).nodePort}}')"
echo "NODE_PORT=$NODE_PORT"

Response: This shell code 2.6.1 - Performing a Rolling Update | Next, do a curl to the exposed IP and port:

Context: 2.6.1 - Performing a Rolling Update | Next, do a curl to the exposed IP and port:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl rollout status deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp

Response: This shell code 2.6.1 - Performing a Rolling Update | To view the current image version of the app, run the describe pods subcommand:

Context: 2.6.1 - Performing a Rolling Update | To view the current image version of the app, run the describe pods subcommand:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl set image deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp kubernetes-bootcamp=gcr.io/google-samples/kubernetes-bootcamp:v10

Response: This shell code 2.6.1 - Performing a Rolling Update | Use get deployments to see the status of the deployment:

Context: 2.6.1 - Performing a Rolling Update | Use get deployments to see the status of the deployment:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl rollout undo deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp

Response: This shell code 2.6.1 - Performing a Rolling Update | The rollout undo command reverts the deployment to the previous known state (v2 of the image). Updates are versioned and you can revert to any previously known state of a Deployment.

Context: 2.6.1 - Performing a Rolling Update | The rollout undo command reverts the deployment to the previous known state (v2 of the image). Updates are versioned and you can revert to any previously known state of a Deployment.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl delete deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp services/kubernetes-bootcamp

Response: This shell code 2.6.1 - Performing a Rolling Update | This page provides a step-by-step example of updating configuration within a Pod via a ConfigMap and builds upon the Configure a Pod to Use a ConfigMap task.At the end of this tutorial, you will under

Context: 2.6.1 - Performing a Rolling Update | This page provides a step-by-step example of updating configuration within a Pod via a ConfigMap and builds upon the Configure a Pod to Use a ConfigMap task.At the end of this tutorial, you will under


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl create configmap sport --from-literal=sport=football

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Below is an example of a Deployment manifest with the ConfigMap sport mounted as a volume into the Pod's only container.

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Below is an example of a Deployment manifest with the ConfigMap sport mounted as a volume into the Pod's only container.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

deployments/deployment-with-configmap-as-volume.yaml

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Create the Deployment:

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Create the Deployment:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: configmap-volume
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-volume
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-volume
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-volume
    spec:

Response:
      containers:
        - name: alpine
          image: alpine:3
          command:
            - /bin/sh
            - -c
            - while true; do echo "$(date) My preferred sport is $(cat /etc/config/sport)";
              sleep 10; done;
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80
          volumeMounts:
            - name: config-volume
              mountPath: /etc/config
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: sport


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: configmap-volume
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-volume
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-volume
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-volume
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: alpine
          image: alpine:3
          command:
            - /bin/sh
            - -c
            - while true; do echo "$(date) My preferred sport is $(cat /etc/config/sport)";
              sleep 10; done;
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80
          volumeMounts:
            - name: config-volume
              mountPath: /etc/config
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: sport

Response: This yaml code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Create the Deployment:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/deployments/deployment-with-configmap-as-volume.yaml

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Check the pods for this Deployment to ensure they are ready (matching by selector):

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Check the pods for this Deployment to ensure they are ready (matching by selector):


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pods --selector=app.kubernetes.io/name=configmap-volume

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see an output similar to:

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see an output similar to:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME                                READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
configmap-volume-6b976dfdcf-qxvbm   1/1     Running   0          72s

Response:
configmap-volume-6b976dfdcf-skpvm   1/1     Running   0          72s
configmap-volume-6b976dfdcf-tbc6r   1/1     Running   0          72s

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | On each node where one of these Pods is running, the kubelet fetches the data for that ConfigMap and translates it to files in a local volume. The kubelet then mounts that volume into the container, a


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                                READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
configmap-volume-6b976dfdcf-qxvbm   1/1     Running   0          72s
configmap-volume-6b976dfdcf-skpvm   1/1     Running   0          72s
configmap-volume-6b976dfdcf-tbc6r   1/1     Running   0          72s

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | On each node where one of these Pods is running, the kubelet fetches the data for that ConfigMap and translates it to files in a local volume. The kubelet then mounts that volume into the container, a


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Pick one Pod that belongs to the Deployment, and view its logs
kubectl logs deployments/configmap-volume

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see an output similar to:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Found 3 pods, using pod/configmap-volume-76d9c5678f-x5rgj
Thu Jan  4 14:06:46 UTC 2024 My preferred sport is football
Thu Jan  4 14:06:56 UTC 2024 My preferred sport is football

Response:
Thu Jan  4 14:07:06 UTC 2024 My preferred sport is football
Thu Jan  4 14:07:16 UTC 2024 My preferred sport is football
Thu Jan  4 14:07:26 UTC 2024 My preferred sport is football

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Edit the ConfigMap:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Found 3 pods, using pod/configmap-volume-76d9c5678f-x5rgj
Thu Jan  4 14:06:46 UTC 2024 My preferred sport is football
Thu Jan  4 14:06:56 UTC 2024 My preferred sport is football
Thu Jan  4 14:07:06 UTC 2024 My preferred sport is football
Thu Jan  4 14:07:16 UTC 2024 My preferred sport is football
Thu Jan  4 14:07:26 UTC 2024 My preferred sport is football

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Edit the ConfigMap:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
data:
  sport: cricket
kind: ConfigMap
# You can leave the existing metadata as they are.
# The values you'll see won't exactly match these.

Response:
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2024-01-04T14:05:06Z"
  name: sport
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "1743935"
  uid: 024ee001-fe72-487e-872e-34d6464a8a23

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see the following output:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
data:
  sport: cricket
kind: ConfigMap
# You can leave the existing metadata as they are.
# The values you'll see won't exactly match these.
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2024-01-04T14:05:06Z"
  name: sport
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "1743935"
  uid: 024ee001-fe72-487e-872e-34d6464a8a23

Response: This yaml code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see the following output:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Thu Jan  4 14:11:36 UTC 2024 My preferred sport is football
Thu Jan  4 14:11:46 UTC 2024 My preferred sport is football

Response:
Thu Jan  4 14:11:56 UTC 2024 My preferred sport is football
Thu Jan  4 14:12:06 UTC 2024 My preferred sport is cricket
Thu Jan  4 14:12:16 UTC 2024 My preferred sport is cricket

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | When you have a ConfigMap that is mapped into a running Pod using either a configMap volume or a projected volume, and you update that ConfigMap, the running Pod sees the update almost immediately.How


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Thu Jan  4 14:11:36 UTC 2024 My preferred sport is football
Thu Jan  4 14:11:46 UTC 2024 My preferred sport is football
Thu Jan  4 14:11:56 UTC 2024 My preferred sport is football
Thu Jan  4 14:12:06 UTC 2024 My preferred sport is cricket
Thu Jan  4 14:12:16 UTC 2024 My preferred sport is cricket

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | When you have a ConfigMap that is mapped into a running Pod using either a configMap volume or a projected volume, and you update that ConfigMap, the running Pod sees the update almost immediately.How


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl create configmap fruits --from-literal=fruits=apples

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Below is an example of a Deployment manifest with an environment variable configured via the ConfigMap fruits.

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Below is an example of a Deployment manifest with an environment variable configured via the ConfigMap fruits.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

deployments/deployment-with-configmap-as-envvar.yaml

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Create the Deployment:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: configmap-env-var
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-env-var
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-env-var
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-env-var
    spec:

Response:
      containers:
        - name: alpine
          image: alpine:3
          env:
            - name: FRUITS
              valueFrom:
                configMapKeyRef:
                  key: fruits
                  name: fruits
          command:
            - /bin/sh
            - -c
            - while true; do echo "$(date) The basket is full of $FRUITS";
                sleep 10; done;
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: configmap-env-var
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-env-var
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-env-var
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-env-var
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: alpine
          image: alpine:3
          env:
            - name: FRUITS
              valueFrom:
                configMapKeyRef:
                  key: fruits
                  name: fruits
          command:
            - /bin/sh
            - -c
            - while true; do echo "$(date) The basket is full of $FRUITS";
                sleep 10; done;
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80

Response: This yaml code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Create the Deployment:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/deployments/deployment-with-configmap-as-envvar.yaml

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Check the pods for this Deployment to ensure they are ready (matching by selector):


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pods --selector=app.kubernetes.io/name=configmap-env-var

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see an output similar to:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
configmap-env-var-59cfc64f7d-74d7z   1/1     Running   0          46s

Response:
configmap-env-var-59cfc64f7d-c4wmj   1/1     Running   0          46s
configmap-env-var-59cfc64f7d-dpr98   1/1     Running   0          46s

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | The key-value pair in the ConfigMap is configured as an environment variable in the container of the Pod. Check this by viewing the logs of one Pod that belongs to the Deployment.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
configmap-env-var-59cfc64f7d-74d7z   1/1     Running   0          46s
configmap-env-var-59cfc64f7d-c4wmj   1/1     Running   0          46s
configmap-env-var-59cfc64f7d-dpr98   1/1     Running   0          46s

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | The key-value pair in the ConfigMap is configured as an environment variable in the container of the Pod. Check this by viewing the logs of one Pod that belongs to the Deployment.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Found 3 pods, using pod/configmap-env-var-7c994f7769-l74nq
Thu Jan  4 16:07:06 UTC 2024 The basket is full of apples

Response:
Thu Jan  4 16:07:16 UTC 2024 The basket is full of apples
Thu Jan  4 16:07:26 UTC 2024 The basket is full of apples


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Found 3 pods, using pod/configmap-env-var-7c994f7769-l74nq
Thu Jan  4 16:07:06 UTC 2024 The basket is full of apples
Thu Jan  4 16:07:16 UTC 2024 The basket is full of apples
Thu Jan  4 16:07:26 UTC 2024 The basket is full of apples

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Edit the ConfigMap:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
data:
  fruits: mangoes
kind: ConfigMap
# You can leave the existing metadata as they are.

Response:
# The values you'll see won't exactly match these.
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2024-01-04T16:04:19Z"
  name: fruits
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "1749472"


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
data:
  fruits: mangoes
kind: ConfigMap
# You can leave the existing metadata as they are.
# The values you'll see won't exactly match these.
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2024-01-04T16:04:19Z"
  name: fruits
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "1749472"

Response: This yaml code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see the following output:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# As the text explains, the output does NOT change
kubectl logs deployments/configmap-env-var --follow

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Notice that the output remains unchanged, even though you edited the ConfigMap:

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Notice that the output remains unchanged, even though you edited the ConfigMap:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Thu Jan  4 16:12:56 UTC 2024 The basket is full of apples
Thu Jan  4 16:13:06 UTC 2024 The basket is full of apples

Response:
Thu Jan  4 16:13:16 UTC 2024 The basket is full of apples
Thu Jan  4 16:13:26 UTC 2024 The basket is full of apples

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You can trigger that replacement. Perform a rollout for the Deployment, using kubectl rollout:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Thu Jan  4 16:12:56 UTC 2024 The basket is full of apples
Thu Jan  4 16:13:06 UTC 2024 The basket is full of apples
Thu Jan  4 16:13:16 UTC 2024 The basket is full of apples
Thu Jan  4 16:13:26 UTC 2024 The basket is full of apples

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You can trigger that replacement. Perform a rollout for the Deployment, using kubectl rollout:


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

# Trigger the rollout
kubectl rollout restart deployment configmap-env-var

Response:
# Wait for the rollout to complete
kubectl rollout status deployment configmap-env-var --watch=true

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Next, check the Deployment:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Trigger the rollout
kubectl rollout restart deployment configmap-env-var

# Wait for the rollout to complete
kubectl rollout status deployment configmap-env-var --watch=true

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Next, check the Deployment:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
configmap-env-var   3/3     3            3           12m

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Check the Pods:

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Check the Pods:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pods --selector=app.kubernetes.io/name=configmap-env-var

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | The rollout causes Kubernetes to make a new ReplicaSet for the Deployment; that means the existing Pods eventually terminate, and new ones are created. After few seconds, you should see an output simi

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | The rollout causes Kubernetes to make a new ReplicaSet for the Deployment; that means the existing Pods eventually terminate, and new ones are created. After few seconds, you should see an output simi


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME                                 READY   STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE
configmap-env-var-6d94d89bf5-2ph2l   1/1     Running       0          13s

Response:
configmap-env-var-6d94d89bf5-74twx   1/1     Running       0          8s
configmap-env-var-6d94d89bf5-d5vx8   1/1     Running       0          11s

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | View the logs for a Pod in this Deployment:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                                 READY   STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE
configmap-env-var-6d94d89bf5-2ph2l   1/1     Running       0          13s
configmap-env-var-6d94d89bf5-74twx   1/1     Running       0          8s
configmap-env-var-6d94d89bf5-d5vx8   1/1     Running       0          11s

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | View the logs for a Pod in this Deployment:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Pick one Pod that belongs to the Deployment, and view its logs
kubectl logs deployment/configmap-env-var

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see an output similar to the below:

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see an output similar to the below:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Found 3 pods, using pod/configmap-env-var-6d9ff89fb6-bzcf6
Thu Jan  4 16:30:35 UTC 2024 The basket is full of mangoes

Response:
Thu Jan  4 16:30:45 UTC 2024 The basket is full of mangoes
Thu Jan  4 16:30:55 UTC 2024 The basket is full of mangoes

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | This demonstrates the scenario of updating environment variables in a Pod that are derived from a ConfigMap. Changes to the ConfigMap values are applied to the Pod during the subsequent rollout. If Po


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Found 3 pods, using pod/configmap-env-var-6d9ff89fb6-bzcf6
Thu Jan  4 16:30:35 UTC 2024 The basket is full of mangoes
Thu Jan  4 16:30:45 UTC 2024 The basket is full of mangoes
Thu Jan  4 16:30:55 UTC 2024 The basket is full of mangoes

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | This demonstrates the scenario of updating environment variables in a Pod that are derived from a ConfigMap. Changes to the ConfigMap values are applied to the Pod during the subsequent rollout. If Po


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl create configmap color --from-literal=color=red

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Below is an example manifest for a Deployment that manages a set of Pods, each with two containers. The two containers share an emptyDir volume that they use to communicate. The first container runs a

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Below is an example manifest for a Deployment that manages a set of Pods, each with two containers. The two containers share an emptyDir volume that they use to communicate. The first container runs a


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

deployments/deployment-with-configmap-two-containers.yaml

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Create the Deployment:

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Create the Deployment:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: configmap-two-containers
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-two-containers
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-two-containers
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-two-containers
    spec:
      volumes:
        - name: shared-data
          emptyDir: {}
        - name: config-volume

Response:
          configMap:
            name: color
      containers:
        - name: nginx
          image: nginx
          volumeMounts:
            - name: shared-data
              mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
        - name: alpine
          image: alpine:3
          volumeMounts:
            - name: shared-data
              mountPath: /pod-data
            - name: config-volume
              mountPath: /etc/config
          command:
            - /bin/sh
            - -c
            - while true; do echo "$(date) My preferred color is $(cat /etc/config/color)" > /pod-data/index.html;
              sleep 10; done;


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: configmap-two-containers
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-two-containers
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-two-containers
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-two-containers
    spec:
      volumes:
        - name: shared-data
          emptyDir: {}
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: color
      containers:
        - name: nginx
          image: nginx
          volumeMounts:
            - name: shared-data
              mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
        - name: alpine
          image: alpine:3
          volumeMounts:
            - name: shared-data
              mountPath: /pod-data
            - name: config-volume
              mountPath: /etc/config
          command:
            - /bin/sh
            - -c
            - while true; do echo "$(date) My preferred color is $(cat /etc/config/color)" > /pod-data/index.html;
              sleep 10; done;

Response: This yaml code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Create the Deployment:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/deployments/deployment-with-configmap-two-containers.yaml

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Check the pods for this Deployment to ensure they are ready (matching by selector):

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Check the pods for this Deployment to ensure they are ready (matching by selector):


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pods --selector=app.kubernetes.io/name=configmap-two-containers

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see an output similar to:

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see an output similar to:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
configmap-two-containers-565fb6d4f4-2xhxf   2/2     Running   0          20s

Response:
configmap-two-containers-565fb6d4f4-g5v4j   2/2     Running   0          20s
configmap-two-containers-565fb6d4f4-mzsmf   2/2     Running   0          20s

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Expose the Deployment (the kubectl tool creates a Service for you):


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
configmap-two-containers-565fb6d4f4-2xhxf   2/2     Running   0          20s
configmap-two-containers-565fb6d4f4-g5v4j   2/2     Running   0          20s
configmap-two-containers-565fb6d4f4-mzsmf   2/2     Running   0          20s

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Expose the Deployment (the kubectl tool creates a Service for you):


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl expose deployment configmap-two-containers --name=configmap-service --port=8080 --target-port=80

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Use kubectl to forward the port:

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Use kubectl to forward the port:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# this stays running in the background
kubectl port-forward service/configmap-service 8080:8080 &

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Access the service.

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Access the service.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Fri Jan  5 08:08:22 UTC 2024 My preferred color is red

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Edit the ConfigMap:

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Edit the ConfigMap:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
data:
  color: blue
kind: ConfigMap
# You can leave the existing metadata as they are.
# The values you'll see won't exactly match these.

Response:
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2024-01-05T08:12:05Z"
  name: color
  namespace: configmap
  resourceVersion: "1801272"
  uid: 80d33e4a-cbb4-4bc9-ba8c-544c68e425d6

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Loop over the service URL for few seconds.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
data:
  color: blue
kind: ConfigMap
# You can leave the existing metadata as they are.
# The values you'll see won't exactly match these.
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2024-01-05T08:12:05Z"
  name: color
  namespace: configmap
  resourceVersion: "1801272"
  uid: 80d33e4a-cbb4-4bc9-ba8c-544c68e425d6

Response: This yaml code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Loop over the service URL for few seconds.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Cancel this when you're happy with it (Ctrl-C)
while true; do curl --connect-timeout 7.5 http://localhost:8080; sleep 10; done

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see the output change as follows:

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see the output change as follows:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Fri Jan  5 08:14:00 UTC 2024 My preferred color is red
Fri Jan  5 08:14:02 UTC 2024 My preferred color is red
Fri Jan  5 08:14:20 UTC 2024 My preferred color is red

Response:
Fri Jan  5 08:14:22 UTC 2024 My preferred color is red
Fri Jan  5 08:14:32 UTC 2024 My preferred color is blue
Fri Jan  5 08:14:43 UTC 2024 My preferred color is blue
Fri Jan  5 08:15:00 UTC 2024 My preferred color is blue

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | The above scenario can be replicated by using a Sidecar Container as a helper container to write the HTML file.As a Sidecar Container is conceptually an Init Container, it is guaranteed to start befor


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Fri Jan  5 08:14:00 UTC 2024 My preferred color is red
Fri Jan  5 08:14:02 UTC 2024 My preferred color is red
Fri Jan  5 08:14:20 UTC 2024 My preferred color is red
Fri Jan  5 08:14:22 UTC 2024 My preferred color is red
Fri Jan  5 08:14:32 UTC 2024 My preferred color is blue
Fri Jan  5 08:14:43 UTC 2024 My preferred color is blue
Fri Jan  5 08:15:00 UTC 2024 My preferred color is blue

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | The above scenario can be replicated by using a Sidecar Container as a helper container to write the HTML file.As a Sidecar Container is conceptually an Init Container, it is guaranteed to start befor


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl create configmap color --from-literal=color=blue

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Below is an example manifest for a Deployment that manages a set of Pods, each with a main container and a sidecar container. The two containers share an emptyDir volume that they use to communicate.

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Below is an example manifest for a Deployment that manages a set of Pods, each with a main container and a sidecar container. The two containers share an emptyDir volume that they use to communicate.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

deployments/deployment-with-configmap-and-sidecar-container.yaml

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Create the Deployment:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: configmap-sidecar-container
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-sidecar-container
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-sidecar-container
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-sidecar-container
    spec:
      volumes:
        - name: shared-data
          emptyDir: {}
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:

Response:
            name: color
      containers:
        - name: nginx
          image: nginx
          volumeMounts:
            - name: shared-data
              mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
      initContainers:
        - name: alpine
          image: alpine:3
          restartPolicy: Always
          volumeMounts:
            - name: shared-data
              mountPath: /pod-data
            - name: config-volume
              mountPath: /etc/config
          command:
            - /bin/sh
            - -c
            - while true; do echo "$(date) My preferred color is $(cat /etc/config/color)" > /pod-data/index.html;
              sleep 10; done;


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: configmap-sidecar-container
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-sidecar-container
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-sidecar-container
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: configmap-sidecar-container
    spec:
      volumes:
        - name: shared-data
          emptyDir: {}
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: color
      containers:
        - name: nginx
          image: nginx
          volumeMounts:
            - name: shared-data
              mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
      initContainers:
        - name: alpine
          image: alpine:3
          restartPolicy: Always
          volumeMounts:
            - name: shared-data
              mountPath: /pod-data
            - name: config-volume
              mountPath: /etc/config
          command:
            - /bin/sh
            - -c
            - while true; do echo "$(date) My preferred color is $(cat /etc/config/color)" > /pod-data/index.html;
              sleep 10; done;

Response: This yaml code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Create the Deployment:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/deployments/deployment-with-configmap-and-sidecar-container.yaml

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Check the pods for this Deployment to ensure they are ready (matching by selector):


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pods --selector=app.kubernetes.io/name=configmap-sidecar-container

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see an output similar to:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME                                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
configmap-sidecar-container-5fb59f558b-87rp7   2/2     Running   0          94s

Response:
configmap-sidecar-container-5fb59f558b-ccs7s   2/2     Running   0          94s
configmap-sidecar-container-5fb59f558b-wnmgk   2/2     Running   0          94s


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
configmap-sidecar-container-5fb59f558b-87rp7   2/2     Running   0          94s
configmap-sidecar-container-5fb59f558b-ccs7s   2/2     Running   0          94s
configmap-sidecar-container-5fb59f558b-wnmgk   2/2     Running   0          94s

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Expose the Deployment (the kubectl tool creates a Service for you):


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl expose deployment configmap-sidecar-container --name=configmap-sidecar-service --port=8081 --target-port=80

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Use kubectl to forward the port:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# this stays running in the background
kubectl port-forward service/configmap-sidecar-service 8081:8081 &

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Access the service.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Sat Feb 17 13:09:05 UTC 2024 My preferred color is blue

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Edit the ConfigMap:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
data:
  color: green
kind: ConfigMap
# You can leave the existing metadata as they are.
# The values you'll see won't exactly match these.

Response:
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2024-02-17T12:20:30Z"
  name: color
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "1054"
  uid: e40bb34c-58df-4280-8bea-6ed16edccfaa


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
data:
  color: green
kind: ConfigMap
# You can leave the existing metadata as they are.
# The values you'll see won't exactly match these.
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2024-02-17T12:20:30Z"
  name: color
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "1054"
  uid: e40bb34c-58df-4280-8bea-6ed16edccfaa

Response: This yaml code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Loop over the service URL for few seconds.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Cancel this when you're happy with it (Ctrl-C)
while true; do curl --connect-timeout 7.5 http://localhost:8081; sleep 10; done

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see the output change as follows:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Sat Feb 17 13:12:35 UTC 2024 My preferred color is blue
Sat Feb 17 13:12:45 UTC 2024 My preferred color is blue
Sat Feb 17 13:12:55 UTC 2024 My preferred color is blue

Response:
Sat Feb 17 13:13:05 UTC 2024 My preferred color is blue
Sat Feb 17 13:13:15 UTC 2024 My preferred color is green
Sat Feb 17 13:13:25 UTC 2024 My preferred color is green
Sat Feb 17 13:13:35 UTC 2024 My preferred color is green

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Immutable ConfigMaps are especially used for configuration that is constant and is not expected to change over time. Marking a ConfigMap as immutable allows a performance improvement where the kubelet


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Sat Feb 17 13:12:35 UTC 2024 My preferred color is blue
Sat Feb 17 13:12:45 UTC 2024 My preferred color is blue
Sat Feb 17 13:12:55 UTC 2024 My preferred color is blue
Sat Feb 17 13:13:05 UTC 2024 My preferred color is blue
Sat Feb 17 13:13:15 UTC 2024 My preferred color is green
Sat Feb 17 13:13:25 UTC 2024 My preferred color is green
Sat Feb 17 13:13:35 UTC 2024 My preferred color is green

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Immutable ConfigMaps are especially used for configuration that is constant and is not expected to change over time. Marking a ConfigMap as immutable allows a performance improvement where the kubelet


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
data:
  company_name: "ACME, Inc." # existing fictional company name

Response:
kind: ConfigMap
immutable: true
metadata:
  name: company-name-20150801

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Create the Immutable ConfigMap:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
data:
  company_name: "ACME, Inc." # existing fictional company name
kind: ConfigMap
immutable: true
metadata:
  name: company-name-20150801

Response: This yaml code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Create the Immutable ConfigMap:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/configmap/immutable-configmap.yaml

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Below is an example of a Deployment manifest with the Immutable ConfigMap company-name-20150801 mounted as a volume into the Pod's only container.

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Below is an example of a Deployment manifest with the Immutable ConfigMap company-name-20150801 mounted as a volume into the Pod's only container.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

deployments/deployment-with-immutable-configmap-as-volume.yaml

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Create the Deployment:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: immutable-configmap-volume
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: immutable-configmap-volume
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: immutable-configmap-volume
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: immutable-configmap-volume
    spec:

Response:
      containers:
        - name: alpine
          image: alpine:3
          command:
            - /bin/sh
            - -c
            - while true; do echo "$(date) The name of the company is $(cat /etc/config/company_name)";
              sleep 10; done;
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80
          volumeMounts:
            - name: config-volume
              mountPath: /etc/config
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: company-name-20150801


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: immutable-configmap-volume
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: immutable-configmap-volume
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: immutable-configmap-volume
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: immutable-configmap-volume
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: alpine
          image: alpine:3
          command:
            - /bin/sh
            - -c
            - while true; do echo "$(date) The name of the company is $(cat /etc/config/company_name)";
              sleep 10; done;
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80
          volumeMounts:
            - name: config-volume
              mountPath: /etc/config
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: company-name-20150801

Response: This yaml code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Create the Deployment:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/deployments/deployment-with-immutable-configmap-as-volume.yaml

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Check the pods for this Deployment to ensure they are ready (matching by selector):


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pods --selector=app.kubernetes.io/name=immutable-configmap-volume

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see an output similar to:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME                                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
immutable-configmap-volume-78b6fbff95-5gsfh   1/1     Running   0          62s

Response:
immutable-configmap-volume-78b6fbff95-7vcj4   1/1     Running   0          62s
immutable-configmap-volume-78b6fbff95-vdslm   1/1     Running   0          62s

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | The Pod's container refers to the data defined in the ConfigMap and uses it to print a report to stdout. You can check this report by viewing the logs for one of the Pods in that Deployment:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
immutable-configmap-volume-78b6fbff95-5gsfh   1/1     Running   0          62s
immutable-configmap-volume-78b6fbff95-7vcj4   1/1     Running   0          62s
immutable-configmap-volume-78b6fbff95-vdslm   1/1     Running   0          62s

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | The Pod's container refers to the data defined in the ConfigMap and uses it to print a report to stdout. You can check this report by viewing the logs for one of the Pods in that Deployment:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Pick one Pod that belongs to the Deployment, and view its logs
kubectl logs deployments/immutable-configmap-volume

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see an output similar to:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Found 3 pods, using pod/immutable-configmap-volume-78b6fbff95-5gsfh
Wed Mar 20 03:52:34 UTC 2024 The name of the company is ACME, Inc.

Response:
Wed Mar 20 03:52:44 UTC 2024 The name of the company is ACME, Inc.
Wed Mar 20 03:52:54 UTC 2024 The name of the company is ACME, Inc.

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Create a new immutable ConfigMap by using the manifest shown below:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Found 3 pods, using pod/immutable-configmap-volume-78b6fbff95-5gsfh
Wed Mar 20 03:52:34 UTC 2024 The name of the company is ACME, Inc.
Wed Mar 20 03:52:44 UTC 2024 The name of the company is ACME, Inc.
Wed Mar 20 03:52:54 UTC 2024 The name of the company is ACME, Inc.

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Create a new immutable ConfigMap by using the manifest shown below:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
data:
  company_name: "Fiktivesunternehmen GmbH" # new fictional company name

Response:
kind: ConfigMap
immutable: true
metadata:
  name: company-name-20240312


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
data:
  company_name: "Fiktivesunternehmen GmbH" # new fictional company name
kind: ConfigMap
immutable: true
metadata:
  name: company-name-20240312

Response: This yaml code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see an output similar to:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/configmap/new-immutable-configmap.yaml

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see an output similar to:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                    DATA   AGE
company-name-20150801   1      22m
company-name-20240312   1      24s

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Modify the Deployment to reference the new ConfigMap.

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Modify the Deployment to reference the new ConfigMap.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

volumes:
- configMap:

Response:
    defaultMode: 420
    name: company-name-20240312 # Update this field
  name: config-volume

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see the following output:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

volumes:
- configMap:
    defaultMode: 420
    name: company-name-20240312 # Update this field
  name: config-volume

Response: This yaml code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see the following output:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pods --selector=app.kubernetes.io/name=immutable-configmap-volume

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should eventually see an output similar to:

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should eventually see an output similar to:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME                                          READY   STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE
immutable-configmap-volume-5fdb88fcc8-29v8n   1/1     Running       0          13s
immutable-configmap-volume-5fdb88fcc8-52ddd   1/1     Running       0          14s

Response:
immutable-configmap-volume-5fdb88fcc8-n5jx4   1/1     Running       0          15s
immutable-configmap-volume-78b6fbff95-5gsfh   1/1     Terminating   0          32m
immutable-configmap-volume-78b6fbff95-7vcj4   1/1     Terminating   0          32m
immutable-configmap-volume-78b6fbff95-vdslm   1/1     Terminating   0          32m


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                                          READY   STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE
immutable-configmap-volume-5fdb88fcc8-29v8n   1/1     Running       0          13s
immutable-configmap-volume-5fdb88fcc8-52ddd   1/1     Running       0          14s
immutable-configmap-volume-5fdb88fcc8-n5jx4   1/1     Running       0          15s
immutable-configmap-volume-78b6fbff95-5gsfh   1/1     Terminating   0          32m
immutable-configmap-volume-78b6fbff95-7vcj4   1/1     Terminating   0          32m
immutable-configmap-volume-78b6fbff95-vdslm   1/1     Terminating   0          32m

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should eventually see an output similar to:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME                                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
immutable-configmap-volume-5fdb88fcc8-29v8n   1/1     Running   0          43s

Response:
immutable-configmap-volume-5fdb88fcc8-52ddd   1/1     Running   0          44s
immutable-configmap-volume-5fdb88fcc8-n5jx4   1/1     Running   0          45s

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | View the logs for a Pod in this Deployment:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
immutable-configmap-volume-5fdb88fcc8-29v8n   1/1     Running   0          43s
immutable-configmap-volume-5fdb88fcc8-52ddd   1/1     Running   0          44s
immutable-configmap-volume-5fdb88fcc8-n5jx4   1/1     Running   0          45s

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | View the logs for a Pod in this Deployment:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Pick one Pod that belongs to the Deployment, and view its logs
kubectl logs deployment/immutable-configmap-volume

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see an output similar to the below:

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | You should see an output similar to the below:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Found 3 pods, using pod/immutable-configmap-volume-5fdb88fcc8-n5jx4
Wed Mar 20 04:24:17 UTC 2024 The name of the company is Fiktivesunternehmen GmbH

Response:
Wed Mar 20 04:24:27 UTC 2024 The name of the company is Fiktivesunternehmen GmbH
Wed Mar 20 04:24:37 UTC 2024 The name of the company is Fiktivesunternehmen GmbH

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Once all the deployments have migrated to use the new immutable ConfigMap, it is advised to delete the old one.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Found 3 pods, using pod/immutable-configmap-volume-5fdb88fcc8-n5jx4
Wed Mar 20 04:24:17 UTC 2024 The name of the company is Fiktivesunternehmen GmbH
Wed Mar 20 04:24:27 UTC 2024 The name of the company is Fiktivesunternehmen GmbH
Wed Mar 20 04:24:37 UTC 2024 The name of the company is Fiktivesunternehmen GmbH

Response: This text code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | Once all the deployments have migrated to use the new immutable ConfigMap, it is advised to delete the old one.


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

kubectl delete deployment configmap-volume configmap-env-var configmap-two-containers configmap-sidecar-container immutable-configmap-volume
kubectl delete service configmap-service configmap-sidecar-service

Response:
kubectl delete configmap sport fruits color company-name-20240312

kubectl delete configmap company-name-20150801 # In case it was not handled during the task execution

Context: 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | This page provides a real world example of how to configure Redis using a ConfigMap and builds upon the Configure a Pod to Use a ConfigMap task.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl delete deployment configmap-volume configmap-env-var configmap-two-containers configmap-sidecar-container immutable-configmap-volume
kubectl delete service configmap-service configmap-sidecar-service
kubectl delete configmap sport fruits color company-name-20240312

kubectl delete configmap company-name-20150801 # In case it was not handled during the task execution

Response: This shell code 3.1 - Updating Configuration via a ConfigMap | This page provides a real world example of how to configure Redis using a ConfigMap and builds upon the Configure a Pod to Use a ConfigMap task.


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

cat <<EOF >./example-redis-config.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:

Response:
  name: example-redis-config
data:
  redis-config: ""
EOF

Context: 3.2 - Configuring Redis using a ConfigMap | Apply the ConfigMap created above, along with a Redis pod manifest:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

cat <<EOF >./example-redis-config.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: example-redis-config
data:
  redis-config: ""
EOF

Response: This shell code 3.2 - Configuring Redis using a ConfigMap | Apply the ConfigMap created above, along with a Redis pod manifest:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f example-redis-config.yaml
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/website/main/content/en/examples/pods/config/redis-pod.yaml

Response: This shell code 3.2 - Configuring Redis using a ConfigMap | Examine the contents of the Redis pod manifest and note the following:

Context: 3.2 - Configuring Redis using a ConfigMap | Examine the contents of the Redis pod manifest and note the following:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: redis
spec:
  containers:
  - name: redis
    image: redis:8.0.2
    command:
      - redis-server
      - "/redis-master/redis.conf"
    env:
    - name: MASTER
      value: "true"
    ports:
    - containerPort: 6379

Response:
    resources:
      limits:
        cpu: "0.1"
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /redis-master-data
      name: data
    - mountPath: /redis-master
      name: config
  volumes:
    - name: data
      emptyDir: {}
    - name: config
      configMap:
        name: example-redis-config
        items:
        - key: redis-config
          path: redis.conf

Context: 3.2 - Configuring Redis using a ConfigMap | Examine the created objects:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: redis
spec:
  containers:
  - name: redis
    image: redis:8.0.2
    command:
      - redis-server
      - "/redis-master/redis.conf"
    env:
    - name: MASTER
      value: "true"
    ports:
    - containerPort: 6379
    resources:
      limits:
        cpu: "0.1"
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /redis-master-data
      name: data
    - mountPath: /redis-master
      name: config
  volumes:
    - name: data
      emptyDir: {}
    - name: config
      configMap:
        name: example-redis-config
        items:
        - key: redis-config
          path: redis.conf

Response: This yaml code 3.2 - Configuring Redis using a ConfigMap | Examine the created objects:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pod/redis configmap/example-redis-config

Response: This shell code 3.2 - Configuring Redis using a ConfigMap | You should see the following output:

Context: 3.2 - Configuring Redis using a ConfigMap | You should see the following output:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/redis   1/1     Running   0          8s

Response:
NAME                             DATA   AGE
configmap/example-redis-config   1      14s

Context: 3.2 - Configuring Redis using a ConfigMap | Recall that we left redis-config key in the example-redis-config ConfigMap blank:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/redis   1/1     Running   0          8s

NAME                             DATA   AGE
configmap/example-redis-config   1      14s

Response: This text code 3.2 - Configuring Redis using a ConfigMap | Recall that we left redis-config key in the example-redis-config ConfigMap blank:


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

Name:         example-redis-config
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Response:
Data
====
redis-config:

Context: 3.2 - Configuring Redis using a ConfigMap | Use kubectl exec to enter the pod and run the redis-cli tool to check the current configuration:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

Name:         example-redis-config
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Data
====
redis-config:

Response: This shell code 3.2 - Configuring Redis using a ConfigMap | Use kubectl exec to enter the pod and run the redis-cli tool to check the current configuration:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: example-redis-config

Response:
data:
  redis-config: |
    maxmemory 2mb
    maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru

Context: 3.2 - Configuring Redis using a ConfigMap | Apply the updated ConfigMap:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: example-redis-config
data:
  redis-config: |
    maxmemory 2mb
    maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru

Response: This yaml code 3.2 - Configuring Redis using a ConfigMap | Apply the updated ConfigMap:


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

Name:         example-redis-config
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Response:
Data
====
redis-config:
----
maxmemory 2mb
maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru

Context: 3.2 - Configuring Redis using a ConfigMap | Check the Redis Pod again using redis-cli via kubectl exec to see if the configuration was applied:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

Name:         example-redis-config
Namespace:    default
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Data
====
redis-config:
----
maxmemory 2mb
maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru

Response: This shell code 3.2 - Configuring Redis using a ConfigMap | Check the Redis Pod again using redis-cli via kubectl exec to see if the configuration was applied:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl delete pod redis
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/website/main/content/en/examples/pods/config/redis-pod.yaml

Response: This shell code 3.2 - Configuring Redis using a ConfigMap | Now re-check the configuration values one last time:

Context: 3.2 - Configuring Redis using a ConfigMap | Now re-check the configuration values one last time:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl delete pod/redis configmap/example-redis-config

Response: This shell code 3.2 - Configuring Redis using a ConfigMap | This section is relevant for people adopting a new built-in sidecar containers feature for their workloads.

Context: 3.2 - Configuring Redis using a ConfigMap | This section is relevant for people adopting a new built-in sidecar containers feature for their workloads.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get --raw /metrics | grep kubernetes_feature_enabled | grep SidecarContainers

Response: This shell code 3.3 - Adopting Sidecar Containers | For the individual node:

Context: 3.3 - Adopting Sidecar Containers | For the individual node:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get --raw /api/v1/nodes/<node-name>/proxy/metrics | grep kubernetes_feature_enabled | grep SidecarContainers

Response: This shell code 3.3 - Adopting Sidecar Containers | If you see something like this:

Context: 3.3 - Adopting Sidecar Containers | If you see something like this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubernetes_feature_enabled{name="SidecarContainers",stage="BETA"} 1

Response: This text code 3.3 - Adopting Sidecar Containers | it means that the feature is enabled.

Context: 3.3 - Adopting Sidecar Containers | it means that the feature is enabled.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Creating cluster "psa-wo-cluster-pss" ...
✓ Ensuring node image (kindest/node:v1.34.0) 🖼
✓ Preparing nodes 📦
✓ Writing configuration 📜
✓ Starting control-plane 🕹
✓ Installing CNI 🔌

Response:
✓ Installing StorageClass 💾
Set kubectl context to "kind-psa-wo-cluster-pss"
You can now use your cluster with:

kubectl cluster-info --context kind-psa-wo-cluster-pss

Thanks for using kind! 😊

Context: 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | Set the kubectl context to the new cluster:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Creating cluster "psa-wo-cluster-pss" ...
✓ Ensuring node image (kindest/node:v1.34.0) 🖼
✓ Preparing nodes 📦
✓ Writing configuration 📜
✓ Starting control-plane 🕹
✓ Installing CNI 🔌
✓ Installing StorageClass 💾
Set kubectl context to "kind-psa-wo-cluster-pss"
You can now use your cluster with:

kubectl cluster-info --context kind-psa-wo-cluster-pss

Thanks for using kind! 😊

Response: This text code 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | Set the kubectl context to the new cluster:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl cluster-info --context kind-psa-wo-cluster-pss

Response: This shell code 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | The output is similar to this:

Context: 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Kubernetes control plane is running at https://127.0.0.1:61350

Response:
CoreDNS is running at https://127.0.0.1:61350/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

Context: 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | Get a list of namespaces in the cluster:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Kubernetes control plane is running at https://127.0.0.1:61350

CoreDNS is running at https://127.0.0.1:61350/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

Response: This text code 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | Get a list of namespaces in the cluster:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME                 STATUS   AGE
default              Active   9m30s
kube-node-lease      Active   9m32s

Response:
kube-public          Active   9m32s
kube-system          Active   9m32s
local-path-storage   Active   9m26s

Context: 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | Use --dry-run=server to understand what happens when different Pod Security Standards are applied:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                 STATUS   AGE
default              Active   9m30s
kube-node-lease      Active   9m32s
kube-public          Active   9m32s
kube-system          Active   9m32s
local-path-storage   Active   9m26s

Response: This text code 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | Use --dry-run=server to understand what happens when different Pod Security Standards are applied:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl label --dry-run=server --overwrite ns --all \
pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce=privileged

Response: This shell code 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | The output is similar to:

Context: 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | The output is similar to:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

namespace/default labeled
namespace/kube-node-lease labeled

Response:
namespace/kube-public labeled
namespace/kube-system labeled
namespace/local-path-storage labeled

Context: 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | Baseline


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

namespace/default labeled
namespace/kube-node-lease labeled
namespace/kube-public labeled
namespace/kube-system labeled
namespace/local-path-storage labeled

Response: This text code 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | Baseline


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl label --dry-run=server --overwrite ns --all \
pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce=baseline

Response: This shell code 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | The output is similar to:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

namespace/default labeled
namespace/kube-node-lease labeled
namespace/kube-public labeled
Warning: existing pods in namespace "kube-system" violate the new PodSecurity enforce level "baseline:latest"

Response:
Warning: etcd-psa-wo-cluster-pss-control-plane (and 3 other pods): host namespaces, hostPath volumes
Warning: kindnet-vzj42: non-default capabilities, host namespaces, hostPath volumes
Warning: kube-proxy-m6hwf: host namespaces, hostPath volumes, privileged
namespace/kube-system labeled
namespace/local-path-storage labeled

Context: 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | Restricted


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

namespace/default labeled
namespace/kube-node-lease labeled
namespace/kube-public labeled
Warning: existing pods in namespace "kube-system" violate the new PodSecurity enforce level "baseline:latest"
Warning: etcd-psa-wo-cluster-pss-control-plane (and 3 other pods): host namespaces, hostPath volumes
Warning: kindnet-vzj42: non-default capabilities, host namespaces, hostPath volumes
Warning: kube-proxy-m6hwf: host namespaces, hostPath volumes, privileged
namespace/kube-system labeled
namespace/local-path-storage labeled

Response: This text code 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | Restricted


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl label --dry-run=server --overwrite ns --all \
pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce=restricted

Response: This shell code 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | The output is similar to:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

namespace/default labeled
namespace/kube-node-lease labeled
namespace/kube-public labeled
Warning: existing pods in namespace "kube-system" violate the new PodSecurity enforce level "restricted:latest"
Warning: coredns-7bb9c7b568-hsptc (and 1 other pod): unrestricted capabilities, runAsNonRoot != true, seccompProfile
Warning: etcd-psa-wo-cluster-pss-control-plane (and 3 other pods): host namespaces, hostPath volumes, allowPrivilegeEscalation != false, unrestricted capabilities, restricted volume types, runAsNonRoot != true

Response:
Warning: kindnet-vzj42: non-default capabilities, host namespaces, hostPath volumes, allowPrivilegeEscalation != false, unrestricted capabilities, restricted volume types, runAsNonRoot != true, seccompProfile
Warning: kube-proxy-m6hwf: host namespaces, hostPath volumes, privileged, allowPrivilegeEscalation != false, unrestricted capabilities, restricted volume types, runAsNonRoot != true, seccompProfile
namespace/kube-system labeled
Warning: existing pods in namespace "local-path-storage" violate the new PodSecurity enforce level "restricted:latest"
Warning: local-path-provisioner-d6d9f7ffc-lw9lh: allowPrivilegeEscalation != false, unrestricted capabilities, runAsNonRoot != true, seccompProfile
namespace/local-path-storage labeled

Context: 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | From the previous output, you'll notice that applying the privileged Pod Security Standard shows no warnings for any namespaces. However, baseline and restricted standards both have warnings, specific


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

namespace/default labeled
namespace/kube-node-lease labeled
namespace/kube-public labeled
Warning: existing pods in namespace "kube-system" violate the new PodSecurity enforce level "restricted:latest"
Warning: coredns-7bb9c7b568-hsptc (and 1 other pod): unrestricted capabilities, runAsNonRoot != true, seccompProfile
Warning: etcd-psa-wo-cluster-pss-control-plane (and 3 other pods): host namespaces, hostPath volumes, allowPrivilegeEscalation != false, unrestricted capabilities, restricted volume types, runAsNonRoot != true
Warning: kindnet-vzj42: non-default capabilities, host namespaces, hostPath volumes, allowPrivilegeEscalation != false, unrestricted capabilities, restricted volume types, runAsNonRoot != true, seccompProfile
Warning: kube-proxy-m6hwf: host namespaces, hostPath volumes, privileged, allowPrivilegeEscalation != false, unrestricted capabilities, restricted volume types, runAsNonRoot != true, seccompProfile
namespace/kube-system labeled
Warning: existing pods in namespace "local-path-storage" violate the new PodSecurity enforce level "restricted:latest"
Warning: local-path-provisioner-d6d9f7ffc-lw9lh: allowPrivilegeEscalation != false, unrestricted capabilities, runAsNonRoot != true, seccompProfile
namespace/local-path-storage labeled

Response: This text code 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | From the previous output, you'll notice that applying the privileged Pod Security Standard shows no warnings for any namespaces. However, baseline and restricted standards both have warnings, specific


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

mkdir -p /tmp/pss
cat <<EOF > /tmp/pss/cluster-level-pss.yaml
apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: AdmissionConfiguration
plugins:
- name: PodSecurity
  configuration:
    apiVersion: pod-security.admission.config.k8s.io/v1
    kind: PodSecurityConfiguration
    defaults:

Response:
      enforce: "baseline"
      enforce-version: "latest"
      audit: "restricted"
      audit-version: "latest"
      warn: "restricted"
      warn-version: "latest"
    exemptions:
      usernames: []
      runtimeClasses: []
      namespaces: [kube-system]
EOF

Context: 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | Configure the API server to consume this file during cluster creation:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

mkdir -p /tmp/pss
cat <<EOF > /tmp/pss/cluster-level-pss.yaml
apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: AdmissionConfiguration
plugins:
- name: PodSecurity
  configuration:
    apiVersion: pod-security.admission.config.k8s.io/v1
    kind: PodSecurityConfiguration
    defaults:
      enforce: "baseline"
      enforce-version: "latest"
      audit: "restricted"
      audit-version: "latest"
      warn: "restricted"
      warn-version: "latest"
    exemptions:
      usernames: []
      runtimeClasses: []
      namespaces: [kube-system]
EOF

Response: This yaml code 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | Configure the API server to consume this file during cluster creation:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

cat <<EOF > /tmp/pss/cluster-config.yaml
kind: Cluster
apiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4
nodes:
- role: control-plane
  kubeadmConfigPatches:
  - |
    kind: ClusterConfiguration
    apiServer:
        extraArgs:
          admission-control-config-file: /etc/config/cluster-level-pss.yaml
        extraVolumes:
          - name: accf
            hostPath: /etc/config
            mountPath: /etc/config

Response:
            readOnly: false
            pathType: "DirectoryOrCreate"
  extraMounts:
  - hostPath: /tmp/pss
    containerPath: /etc/config
    # optional: if set, the mount is read-only.
    # default false
    readOnly: false
    # optional: if set, the mount needs SELinux relabeling.
    # default false
    selinuxRelabel: false
    # optional: set propagation mode (None, HostToContainer or Bidirectional)
    # see https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes/#mount-propagation
    # default None
    propagation: None
EOF

Context: 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | Create a cluster that uses Pod Security Admission to apply these Pod Security Standards:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

cat <<EOF > /tmp/pss/cluster-config.yaml
kind: Cluster
apiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4
nodes:
- role: control-plane
  kubeadmConfigPatches:
  - |
    kind: ClusterConfiguration
    apiServer:
        extraArgs:
          admission-control-config-file: /etc/config/cluster-level-pss.yaml
        extraVolumes:
          - name: accf
            hostPath: /etc/config
            mountPath: /etc/config
            readOnly: false
            pathType: "DirectoryOrCreate"
  extraMounts:
  - hostPath: /tmp/pss
    containerPath: /etc/config
    # optional: if set, the mount is read-only.
    # default false
    readOnly: false
    # optional: if set, the mount needs SELinux relabeling.
    # default false
    selinuxRelabel: false
    # optional: set propagation mode (None, HostToContainer or Bidirectional)
    # see https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes/#mount-propagation
    # default None
    propagation: None
EOF

Response: This yaml code 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | Create a cluster that uses Pod Security Admission to apply these Pod Security Standards:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kind create cluster --name psa-with-cluster-pss --config /tmp/pss/cluster-config.yaml

Response: This shell code 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Creating cluster "psa-with-cluster-pss" ...
 ✓ Ensuring node image (kindest/node:v1.34.0) 🖼
 ✓ Preparing nodes 📦
 ✓ Writing configuration 📜
 ✓ Starting control-plane 🕹
 ✓ Installing CNI 🔌

Response:
 ✓ Installing StorageClass 💾
Set kubectl context to "kind-psa-with-cluster-pss"
You can now use your cluster with:

kubectl cluster-info --context kind-psa-with-cluster-pss

Have a question, bug, or feature request? Let us know! https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/#community 🙂

Context: 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | Point kubectl to the cluster:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Creating cluster "psa-with-cluster-pss" ...
 ✓ Ensuring node image (kindest/node:v1.34.0) 🖼
 ✓ Preparing nodes 📦
 ✓ Writing configuration 📜
 ✓ Starting control-plane 🕹
 ✓ Installing CNI 🔌
 ✓ Installing StorageClass 💾
Set kubectl context to "kind-psa-with-cluster-pss"
You can now use your cluster with:

kubectl cluster-info --context kind-psa-with-cluster-pss

Have a question, bug, or feature request? Let us know! https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/#community 🙂

Response: This text code 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | Point kubectl to the cluster:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl cluster-info --context kind-psa-with-cluster-pss

Response: This shell code 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Kubernetes control plane is running at https://127.0.0.1:63855
CoreDNS is running at https://127.0.0.1:63855/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

Response: To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

Context: 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | Create a Pod in the default namespace:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Kubernetes control plane is running at https://127.0.0.1:63855
CoreDNS is running at https://127.0.0.1:63855/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

Response: This text code 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | Create a Pod in the default namespace:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
 kind: Pod
 metadata:
   name: nginx
 spec:

Response:
   containers:
     - image: nginx
       name: nginx
       ports:
         - containerPort: 80

Context: 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | The pod is started normally, but the output includes a warning:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
 kind: Pod
 metadata:
   name: nginx
 spec:
   containers:
     - image: nginx
       name: nginx
       ports:
         - containerPort: 80

Response: This yaml code 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | The pod is started normally, but the output includes a warning:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/security/example-baseline-pod.yaml

Response: This shell code 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | The pod is started normally, but the output includes a warning:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Warning: would violate PodSecurity "restricted:latest": allowPrivilegeEscalation != false (container "nginx" must set securityContext.allowPrivilegeEscalation=false), unrestricted capabilities (container "nginx" must set securityContext.capabilities.drop=["ALL"]), runAsNonRoot != true (pod or container "nginx" must set securityContext.runAsNonRoot=true), seccompProfile (pod or container "nginx" must set securityContext.seccompProfile.type to "RuntimeDefault" or "Localhost")
pod/nginx created

Response: This text code 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | Now delete the clusters which you created above by running the following command:

Context: 4.1 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Cluster Level | Now delete the clusters which you created above by running the following command:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Creating cluster "psa-ns-level" ...
 ✓ Ensuring node image (kindest/node:v1.34.0) 🖼
 ✓ Preparing nodes 📦
 ✓ Writing configuration 📜
 ✓ Starting control-plane 🕹
 ✓ Installing CNI 🔌

Response:
 ✓ Installing StorageClass 💾
Set kubectl context to "kind-psa-ns-level"
You can now use your cluster with:

kubectl cluster-info --context kind-psa-ns-level

Not sure what to do next? 😅  Check out https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/docs/user/quick-start/

Context: 4.2 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Namespace Level | Set the kubectl context to the new cluster:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Creating cluster "psa-ns-level" ...
 ✓ Ensuring node image (kindest/node:v1.34.0) 🖼
 ✓ Preparing nodes 📦
 ✓ Writing configuration 📜
 ✓ Starting control-plane 🕹
 ✓ Installing CNI 🔌
 ✓ Installing StorageClass 💾
Set kubectl context to "kind-psa-ns-level"
You can now use your cluster with:

kubectl cluster-info --context kind-psa-ns-level

Not sure what to do next? 😅  Check out https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/docs/user/quick-start/

Response: This text code 4.2 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Namespace Level | Set the kubectl context to the new cluster:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Kubernetes control plane is running at https://127.0.0.1:50996
CoreDNS is running at https://127.0.0.1:50996/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

Response: To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

Context: 4.2 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Namespace Level | Create a new namespace called example:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Kubernetes control plane is running at https://127.0.0.1:50996
CoreDNS is running at https://127.0.0.1:50996/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

Response: This text code 4.2 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Namespace Level | Create a new namespace called example:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl label --overwrite ns example \
   pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn=baseline \
   pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn-version=latest

Response: This shell code 4.2 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Namespace Level | You can configure multiple pod security standard checks on any namespace, using labels. The following command will enforce the baseline Pod Security Standard, but warn and audit for restricted Pod Sec

Context: 4.2 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Namespace Level | You can configure multiple pod security standard checks on any namespace, using labels. The following command will enforce the baseline Pod Security Standard, but warn and audit for restricted Pod Sec


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

kubectl label --overwrite ns example \
  pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce=baseline \
  pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce-version=latest \

Response:
  pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn=restricted \
  pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn-version=latest \
  pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit=restricted \
  pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit-version=latest

Context: 4.2 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Namespace Level | Create a baseline Pod in the example namespace:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl label --overwrite ns example \
  pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce=baseline \
  pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce-version=latest \
  pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn=restricted \
  pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn-version=latest \
  pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit=restricted \
  pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit-version=latest

Response: This shell code 4.2 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Namespace Level | Create a baseline Pod in the example namespace:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -n example -f https://k8s.io/examples/security/example-baseline-pod.yaml

Response: This shell code 4.2 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Namespace Level | The Pod does start OK; the output includes a warning. For example:

Context: 4.2 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Namespace Level | The Pod does start OK; the output includes a warning. For example:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Warning: would violate PodSecurity "restricted:latest": allowPrivilegeEscalation != false (container "nginx" must set securityContext.allowPrivilegeEscalation=false), unrestricted capabilities (container "nginx" must set securityContext.capabilities.drop=["ALL"]), runAsNonRoot != true (pod or container "nginx" must set securityContext.runAsNonRoot=true), seccompProfile (pod or container "nginx" must set securityContext.seccompProfile.type to "RuntimeDefault" or "Localhost")
pod/nginx created

Response: This text code 4.2 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Namespace Level | Create a baseline Pod in the default namespace:

Context: 4.2 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Namespace Level | Create a baseline Pod in the default namespace:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -n default -f https://k8s.io/examples/security/example-baseline-pod.yaml

Response: This shell code 4.2 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Namespace Level | Output is similar to this:

Context: 4.2 - Apply Pod Security Standards at the Namespace Level | Output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

ssh gke-test-default-pool-239f5d02-gyn2 "sudo cat /sys/kernel/security/apparmor/profiles | sort"

Response: This shell code 4.3 - Restrict a Container's Access to Resources with AppArmor | For more details on loading profiles on nodes, see Setting up nodes with profiles.

Context: 4.3 - Restrict a Container's Access to Resources with AppArmor | For more details on loading profiles on nodes, see Setting up nodes with profiles.