Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Object{
  spec: Object.spec{

Response:
    serviceAccountName: "example"
  }
}

Context: 5.6.9 - MutatingAdmissionPolicy v1beta1 | Apply configurations may not modify atomic structs, maps or arrays due to the risk of accidental deletion of values not included in the apply configuration.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Object{
  spec: Object.spec{
    serviceAccountName: "example"
  }
}

Response: This text code 5.6.9 - MutatingAdmissionPolicy v1beta1 | Apply configurations may not modify atomic structs, maps or arrays due to the risk of accidental deletion of values not included in the apply configuration.


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

[
    JSONPatch{op: "test", path: "/spec/example", value: "Red"},

Response:
    JSONPatch{op: "replace", path: "/spec/example", value: "Green"}
  ]

Context: 5.6.9 - MutatingAdmissionPolicy v1beta1 | To define an object for the patch value, use Object types. For example:


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[
    JSONPatch{op: "test", path: "/spec/example", value: "Red"},
    JSONPatch{op: "replace", path: "/spec/example", value: "Green"}
  ]

Response: This json code 5.6.9 - MutatingAdmissionPolicy v1beta1 | To define an object for the patch value, use Object types. For example:


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

[
    JSONPatch{
      op: "add",

Response:
      path: "/spec/selector",
      value: Object.spec.selector{matchLabels: {"environment": "test"}}
    }
  ]

Context: 5.6.9 - MutatingAdmissionPolicy v1beta1 | To use strings containing '/' and '~' as JSONPatch path keys, use "jsonpatch.escapeKey". For example:


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[
    JSONPatch{
      op: "add",
      path: "/spec/selector",
      value: Object.spec.selector{matchLabels: {"environment": "test"}}
    }
  ]

Response: This json code 5.6.9 - MutatingAdmissionPolicy v1beta1 | To use strings containing '/' and '~' as JSONPatch path keys, use "jsonpatch.escapeKey". For example:


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

[
    JSONPatch{
      op: "add",

Response:
      path: "/metadata/labels/" + jsonpatch.escapeKey("example.com/environment"),
      value: "test"
    },
  ]

Context: 5.6.9 - MutatingAdmissionPolicy v1beta1 | CEL expressions have access to the types needed to create JSON patches and objects:


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[
    JSONPatch{
      op: "add",
      path: "/metadata/labels/" + jsonpatch.escapeKey("example.com/environment"),
      value: "test"
    },
  ]

Response: This json code 5.6.9 - MutatingAdmissionPolicy v1beta1 | CEL expressions have access to the types needed to create JSON patches and objects:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

apiGroups:["apps"], apiVersions:["v1"], resources: ["deployments"]

Response: This text code 5.6.9 - MutatingAdmissionPolicy v1beta1 | Equivalent: match a request if modifies a resource listed in rules, even via another API group or version. For example, if deployments can be modified via apps/v1, apps/v1beta1, and extensions/v1beta1

Context: 5.6.9 - MutatingAdmissionPolicy v1beta1 | Equivalent: match a request if modifies a resource listed in rules, even via another API group or version. For example, if deployments can be modified via apps/v1, apps/v1beta1, and extensions/v1beta1


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

apiGroups:["apps"], apiVersions:["v1"], resources: ["deployments"]

Response: This text code 5.6.9 - MutatingAdmissionPolicy v1beta1 | Defaults to "Equivalent"

Context: 5.6.9 - MutatingAdmissionPolicy v1beta1 | Defaults to "Equivalent"


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

apiGroups:["apps"], apiVersions:["v1"], resources: ["deployments"]

Response: This text code 5.6.10 - MutatingAdmissionPolicyBinding v1alpha1 | Equivalent: match a request if modifies a resource listed in rules, even via another API group or version. For example, if deployments can be modified via apps/v1, apps/v1beta1, and extensions/v1beta1

Context: 5.6.10 - MutatingAdmissionPolicyBinding v1alpha1 | Equivalent: match a request if modifies a resource listed in rules, even via another API group or version. For example, if deployments can be modified via apps/v1, apps/v1beta1, and extensions/v1beta1


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

apiGroups:["apps"], apiVersions:["v1"], resources: ["deployments"]

Response: This text code 5.6.10 - MutatingAdmissionPolicyBinding v1alpha1 | Defaults to "Equivalent"

Context: 5.6.10 - MutatingAdmissionPolicyBinding v1alpha1 | Defaults to "Equivalent"


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

apiGroups:["apps"], apiVersions:["v1"], resources: ["deployments"]

Response: This text code 5.6.10 - MutatingAdmissionPolicyBinding v1alpha1 | Equivalent: match a request if modifies a resource listed in rules, even via another API group or version. For example, if deployments can be modified via apps/v1, apps/v1beta1, and extensions/v1beta1


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

apiGroups:["apps"], apiVersions:["v1"], resources: ["deployments"]

Response: This text code 5.6.10 - MutatingAdmissionPolicyBinding v1alpha1 | Defaults to "Equivalent"


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Object{
  spec: Object.spec{

Response:
    serviceAccountName: "example"
  }
}

Context: 5.6.10 - MutatingAdmissionPolicyBinding v1alpha1 | Apply configurations may not modify atomic structs, maps or arrays due to the risk of accidental deletion of values not included in the apply configuration.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Object{
  spec: Object.spec{
    serviceAccountName: "example"
  }
}

Response: This text code 5.6.10 - MutatingAdmissionPolicyBinding v1alpha1 | Apply configurations may not modify atomic structs, maps or arrays due to the risk of accidental deletion of values not included in the apply configuration.


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

[
    JSONPatch{op: "test", path: "/spec/example", value: "Red"},

Response:
    JSONPatch{op: "replace", path: "/spec/example", value: "Green"}
  ]

Context: 5.6.10 - MutatingAdmissionPolicyBinding v1alpha1 | To define an object for the patch value, use Object types. For example:


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[
    JSONPatch{op: "test", path: "/spec/example", value: "Red"},
    JSONPatch{op: "replace", path: "/spec/example", value: "Green"}
  ]

Response: This json code 5.6.10 - MutatingAdmissionPolicyBinding v1alpha1 | To define an object for the patch value, use Object types. For example:


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

[
    JSONPatch{
      op: "add",

Response:
      path: "/spec/selector",
      value: Object.spec.selector{matchLabels: {"environment": "test"}}
    }
  ]

Context: 5.6.10 - MutatingAdmissionPolicyBinding v1alpha1 | To use strings containing '/' and '~' as JSONPatch path keys, use "jsonpatch.escapeKey". For example:


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[
    JSONPatch{
      op: "add",
      path: "/spec/selector",
      value: Object.spec.selector{matchLabels: {"environment": "test"}}
    }
  ]

Response: This json code 5.6.10 - MutatingAdmissionPolicyBinding v1alpha1 | To use strings containing '/' and '~' as JSONPatch path keys, use "jsonpatch.escapeKey". For example:


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

[
    JSONPatch{
      op: "add",

Response:
      path: "/metadata/labels/" + jsonpatch.escapeKey("example.com/environment"),
      value: "test"
    },
  ]

Context: 5.6.10 - MutatingAdmissionPolicyBinding v1alpha1 | CEL expressions have access to the types needed to create JSON patches and objects:


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[
    JSONPatch{
      op: "add",
      path: "/metadata/labels/" + jsonpatch.escapeKey("example.com/environment"),
      value: "test"
    },
  ]

Response: This json code 5.6.10 - MutatingAdmissionPolicyBinding v1alpha1 | CEL expressions have access to the types needed to create JSON patches and objects:


Prompt:
Explain this python code:

import "k8s.io/apiextensions-apiserver/pkg/apis/apiextensions/v1"

Response: This python code 5.7.1 - CustomResourceDefinition | CustomResourceDefinition represents a resource that should be exposed on the API server. Its name MUST be in the format <.spec.name>.<.spec.group>.

Context: 5.7.1 - CustomResourceDefinition | CustomResourceDefinition represents a resource that should be exposed on the API server. Its name MUST be in the format <.spec.name>.<.spec.group>.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

device.driver
device.attributes["dra.example.com"].model

Response:
device.attributes["ext.example.com"].family
device.capacity["dra.example.com"].modules

Context: 5.7.2 - DeviceClass | The device.driver field can be used to check for a specific driver, either as a high-level precondition (i.e. you only want to consider devices from this driver) or as part of a multi-clause expressio


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

device.driver
device.attributes["dra.example.com"].model
device.attributes["ext.example.com"].family
device.capacity["dra.example.com"].modules

Response: This text code 5.7.2 - DeviceClass | The device.driver field can be used to check for a specific driver, either as a high-level precondition (i.e. you only want to consider devices from this driver) or as part of a multi-clause expressio


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

cel.bind(dra, device.attributes["dra.example.com"], dra.someBool && dra.anotherBool)

Response: This text code 5.7.2 - DeviceClass | The length of the expression must be smaller or equal to 10 Ki. The cost of evaluating it is also limited based on the estimated number of logical steps.

Context: 5.7.2 - DeviceClass | The length of the expression must be smaller or equal to 10 Ki. The cost of evaluating it is also limited based on the estimated number of logical steps.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

apiGroups:["apps"], apiVersions:["v1"], resources: ["deployments"]

Response: This text code 5.7.3 - MutatingWebhookConfiguration | Equivalent: match a request if modifies a resource listed in rules, even via another API group or version. For example, if deployments can be modified via apps/v1, apps/v1beta1, and extensions/v1beta1

Context: 5.7.3 - MutatingWebhookConfiguration | Equivalent: match a request if modifies a resource listed in rules, even via another API group or version. For example, if deployments can be modified via apps/v1, apps/v1beta1, and extensions/v1beta1


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

apiGroups:["apps"], apiVersions:["v1"], resources: ["deployments"]

Response: This text code 5.7.3 - MutatingWebhookConfiguration | Defaults to "Equivalent"

Context: 5.7.3 - MutatingWebhookConfiguration | Defaults to "Equivalent"


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

apiGroups:["apps"], apiVersions:["v1"], resources: ["deployments"]

Response: This text code 5.7.4 - ValidatingWebhookConfiguration | Equivalent: match a request if modifies a resource listed in rules, even via another API group or version. For example, if deployments can be modified via apps/v1, apps/v1beta1, and extensions/v1beta1

Context: 5.7.4 - ValidatingWebhookConfiguration | Equivalent: match a request if modifies a resource listed in rules, even via another API group or version. For example, if deployments can be modified via apps/v1, apps/v1beta1, and extensions/v1beta1


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

apiGroups:["apps"], apiVersions:["v1"], resources: ["deployments"]

Response: This text code 5.7.4 - ValidatingWebhookConfiguration | Defaults to "Equivalent"

Context: 5.7.4 - ValidatingWebhookConfiguration | Defaults to "Equivalent"


Prompt:
Explain this python code:

import "k8s.io/kube-aggregator/pkg/apis/apiregistration/v1"

Response: This python code 5.8.1 - APIService | APIService represents a server for a particular GroupVersion. Name must be "version.group".

Context: 5.8.1 - APIService | APIService represents a server for a particular GroupVersion. Name must be "version.group".


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

\<quantity>        ::= \<signedNumber>\<suffix>

  (Note that \<suffix> may be empty, from the "" case in \<decimalSI>.)

\<digit>           ::= 0 | 1 | ... | 9 \<digits>          ::= \<digit> | \<digit>\<digits> \<number>          ::= \<digits> | \<digits>.\<digits> | \<digits>. | .\<digits> \<sign>            ::= "+" | "-" \<signedNumber>    ::= \<number> | \<sign>\<number> \<suffix>          ::= \<binarySI> | \<decimalExponent> | \<decimalSI> \<binarySI>        ::= Ki | Mi | Gi | Ti | Pi | Ei

Response:
  (International System of units; See: http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/binary.html)

\<decimalSI>       ::= m | "" | k | M | G | T | P | E

  (Note that 1024 = 1Ki but 1000 = 1k; I didn't choose the capitalization.)

\<decimalExponent> ::= "e" \<signedNumber> | "E" \<signedNumber>

Context: 5.9.10 - Quantity | No matter which of the three exponent forms is used, no quantity may represent a number greater than 2^63-1 in magnitude, nor may it have more than 3 decimal places. Numbers larger or more precise wil


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

\<quantity>        ::= \<signedNumber>\<suffix>

  (Note that \<suffix> may be empty, from the "" case in \<decimalSI>.)

\<digit>           ::= 0 | 1 | ... | 9 \<digits>          ::= \<digit> | \<digit>\<digits> \<number>          ::= \<digits> | \<digits>.\<digits> | \<digits>. | .\<digits> \<sign>            ::= "+" | "-" \<signedNumber>    ::= \<number> | \<sign>\<number> \<suffix>          ::= \<binarySI> | \<decimalExponent> | \<decimalSI> \<binarySI>        ::= Ki | Mi | Gi | Ti | Pi | Ei

  (International System of units; See: http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/binary.html)

\<decimalSI>       ::= m | "" | k | M | G | T | P | E

  (Note that 1024 = 1Ki but 1000 = 1k; I didn't choose the capitalization.)

\<decimalExponent> ::= "e" \<signedNumber> | "E" \<signedNumber>

Response: This text code 5.9.10 - Quantity | No matter which of the three exponent forms is used, no quantity may represent a number greater than 2^63-1 in magnitude, nor may it have more than 3 decimal places. Numbers larger or more precise wil


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# HELP kubernetes_healthcheck [ALPHA] This metric records the result of a single healthcheck.
# TYPE kubernetes_healthcheck gauge
kubernetes_healthcheck{name="autoregister-completion",type="healthz"} 1
kubernetes_healthcheck{name="autoregister-completion",type="readyz"} 1
kubernetes_healthcheck{name="etcd",type="healthz"} 1
kubernetes_healthcheck{name="etcd",type="readyz"} 1

Response:
kubernetes_healthcheck{name="etcd-readiness",type="readyz"} 1
kubernetes_healthcheck{name="informer-sync",type="readyz"} 1
kubernetes_healthcheck{name="log",type="healthz"} 1
kubernetes_healthcheck{name="log",type="readyz"} 1
kubernetes_healthcheck{name="ping",type="healthz"} 1
kubernetes_healthcheck{name="ping",type="readyz"} 1

Context: 6.1 - Kubernetes Component SLI Metrics | While the counter data looks like this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# HELP kubernetes_healthcheck [ALPHA] This metric records the result of a single healthcheck.
# TYPE kubernetes_healthcheck gauge
kubernetes_healthcheck{name="autoregister-completion",type="healthz"} 1
kubernetes_healthcheck{name="autoregister-completion",type="readyz"} 1
kubernetes_healthcheck{name="etcd",type="healthz"} 1
kubernetes_healthcheck{name="etcd",type="readyz"} 1
kubernetes_healthcheck{name="etcd-readiness",type="readyz"} 1
kubernetes_healthcheck{name="informer-sync",type="readyz"} 1
kubernetes_healthcheck{name="log",type="healthz"} 1
kubernetes_healthcheck{name="log",type="readyz"} 1
kubernetes_healthcheck{name="ping",type="healthz"} 1
kubernetes_healthcheck{name="ping",type="readyz"} 1

Response: This text code 6.1 - Kubernetes Component SLI Metrics | While the counter data looks like this:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# HELP kubernetes_healthchecks_total [ALPHA] This metric records the results of all healthcheck.
# TYPE kubernetes_healthchecks_total counter
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="autoregister-completion",status="error",type="readyz"} 1
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="autoregister-completion",status="success",type="healthz"} 15
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="autoregister-completion",status="success",type="readyz"} 14
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="etcd",status="success",type="healthz"} 15
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="etcd",status="success",type="readyz"} 15

Response:
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="etcd-readiness",status="success",type="readyz"} 15
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="informer-sync",status="error",type="readyz"} 1
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="informer-sync",status="success",type="readyz"} 14
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="log",status="success",type="healthz"} 15
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="log",status="success",type="readyz"} 15
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="ping",status="success",type="healthz"} 15
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="ping",status="success",type="readyz"} 15

Context: 6.1 - Kubernetes Component SLI Metrics | The component SLIs metrics endpoint is intended to be scraped at a high frequency. Scraping at a high frequency means that you end up with greater granularity of the gauge's signal, which can be then


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# HELP kubernetes_healthchecks_total [ALPHA] This metric records the results of all healthcheck.
# TYPE kubernetes_healthchecks_total counter
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="autoregister-completion",status="error",type="readyz"} 1
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="autoregister-completion",status="success",type="healthz"} 15
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="autoregister-completion",status="success",type="readyz"} 14
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="etcd",status="success",type="healthz"} 15
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="etcd",status="success",type="readyz"} 15
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="etcd-readiness",status="success",type="readyz"} 15
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="informer-sync",status="error",type="readyz"} 1
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="informer-sync",status="success",type="readyz"} 14
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="log",status="success",type="healthz"} 15
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="log",status="success",type="readyz"} 15
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="ping",status="success",type="healthz"} 15
kubernetes_healthchecks_total{name="ping",status="success",type="readyz"} 15

Response: This text code 6.1 - Kubernetes Component SLI Metrics | The component SLIs metrics endpoint is intended to be scraped at a high frequency. Scraping at a high frequency means that you end up with greater granularity of the gauge's signal, which can be then


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get --raw "/api/v1/nodes/minikube/proxy/stats/summary"

Response: This shell code 6.3 - Node metrics data | Here is the same API call using curl:

Context: 6.3 - Node metrics data | Here is the same API call using curl:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# You need to run "kubectl proxy" first
# Change 8080 to the port that "kubectl proxy" assigns
curl http://localhost:8080/api/v1/nodes/minikube/proxy/stats/summary

Response: This shell code 6.3 - Node metrics data | By default, Kubernetes fetches node summary metrics data using an embedded cAdvisor that runs within the kubelet. If you enable the PodAndContainerStatsFromCRI feature gate in your cluster, and you us

Context: 6.3 - Node metrics data | By default, Kubernetes fetches node summary metrics data using an embedded cAdvisor that runs within the kubelet. If you enable the PodAndContainerStatsFromCRI feature gate in your cluster, and you us


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: cpu-pressure-pod
spec:
  restartPolicy: Never
  containers:
  - name: cpu-stress
    image: registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.47

Response:
    args:
    - "stress"
    - "--cpus"
    - "1"
    resources:
      limits:
        cpu: "500m"
      requests:
        cpu: "500m"

Context: 6.4 - Understand Pressure Stall Information (PSI) Metrics | Apply it to your cluster: kubectl apply -f cpu-pressure-pod.yaml


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: cpu-pressure-pod
spec:
  restartPolicy: Never
  containers:
  - name: cpu-stress
    image: registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.47
    args:
    - "stress"
    - "--cpus"
    - "1"
    resources:
      limits:
        cpu: "500m"
      requests:
        cpu: "500m"

Response: This yaml code 6.4 - Understand Pressure Stall Information (PSI) Metrics | Apply it to your cluster: kubectl apply -f cpu-pressure-pod.yaml


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Replace <node-name> with the name of a node in your cluster
kubectl get --raw "/api/v1/nodes/<node-name>/proxy/stats/summary" | jq '.pods[] | select(.podRef.name | contains("cpu-pressure-pod"))'

Response: This shell code 6.4 - Understand Pressure Stall Information (PSI) Metrics | You will see the some PSI metrics for CPU increase in the summary API output. The avg10 value for some pressure should rise above zero, indicating that tasks are spending time stalled on the CPU.

Context: 6.4 - Understand Pressure Stall Information (PSI) Metrics | You will see the some PSI metrics for CPU increase in the summary API output. The avg10 value for some pressure should rise above zero, indicating that tasks are spending time stalled on the CPU.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Replace <node-name> with the name of the node where the pod is running
kubectl get --raw "/api/v1/nodes/<node-name>/proxy/metrics/cadvisor" | \
    grep 'container_pressure_cpu_waiting_seconds_total{container="cpu-stress"'

Response: This shell code 6.4 - Understand Pressure Stall Information (PSI) Metrics | The output should show an increasing value, indicating that the container is spending time stalled waiting for CPU resources.

Context: 6.4 - Understand Pressure Stall Information (PSI) Metrics | The output should show an increasing value, indicating that the container is spending time stalled waiting for CPU resources.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-pressure-pod
spec:
  restartPolicy: Never
  containers:
  - name: memory-stress

Response:
    image: registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.47
    command: ["/bin/sh", "-c"]
    args:
    - "i=0; while true; do dd if=/dev/zero of=testfile.$i bs=1M count=50 &>/dev/null; i=$(((i+1)%5)); sleep 0.1; done"
    resources:
      limits:
        memory: "200M"
      requests:
        memory: "200M"

Context: 6.4 - Understand Pressure Stall Information (PSI) Metrics | Apply it to your cluster: kubectl apply -f memory-pressure-pod.yaml


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-pressure-pod
spec:
  restartPolicy: Never
  containers:
  - name: memory-stress
    image: registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.47
    command: ["/bin/sh", "-c"]
    args:
    - "i=0; while true; do dd if=/dev/zero of=testfile.$i bs=1M count=50 &>/dev/null; i=$(((i+1)%5)); sleep 0.1; done"
    resources:
      limits:
        memory: "200M"
      requests:
        memory: "200M"

Response: This yaml code 6.4 - Understand Pressure Stall Information (PSI) Metrics | Apply it to your cluster: kubectl apply -f memory-pressure-pod.yaml


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Replace <node-name> with the name of a node in your cluster
kubectl get --raw "/api/v1/nodes/<node-name>/proxy/stats/summary" | jq '.pods[] | select(.podRef.name | contains("memory-pressure-pod"))'

Response: This shell code 6.4 - Understand Pressure Stall Information (PSI) Metrics | Using the Prometheus metrics endpoint:

Context: 6.4 - Understand Pressure Stall Information (PSI) Metrics | Using the Prometheus metrics endpoint:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Replace <node-name> with the name of the node where the pod is running
kubectl get --raw "/api/v1/nodes/<node-name>/proxy/metrics/cadvisor" | \
    grep 'container_pressure_memory_waiting_seconds_total{container="memory-stress"'

Response: This shell code 6.4 - Understand Pressure Stall Information (PSI) Metrics | In the output, you will observe an increasing value for the metric, indicating that the system is under significant memory pressure.

Context: 6.4 - Understand Pressure Stall Information (PSI) Metrics | In the output, you will observe an increasing value for the metric, indicating that the system is under significant memory pressure.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: io-pressure-pod
spec:
  restartPolicy: Never

Response:
  containers:
  - name: io-stress
    image: registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.47
    command: ["/bin/sh", "-c"]
    args:
      - "while true; do dd if=/dev/zero of=testfile bs=1M count=128 &>/dev/null; sync; rm testfile &>/dev/null; done"

Context: 6.4 - Understand Pressure Stall Information (PSI) Metrics | Apply this to your cluster: kubectl apply -f io-pressure-pod.yaml


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: io-pressure-pod
spec:
  restartPolicy: Never
  containers:
  - name: io-stress
    image: registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/agnhost:2.47
    command: ["/bin/sh", "-c"]
    args:
      - "while true; do dd if=/dev/zero of=testfile bs=1M count=128 &>/dev/null; sync; rm testfile &>/dev/null; done"

Response: This yaml code 6.4 - Understand Pressure Stall Information (PSI) Metrics | Apply this to your cluster: kubectl apply -f io-pressure-pod.yaml


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Replace <node-name> with the name of a node in your cluster
kubectl get --raw "/api/v1/nodes/<node-name>/proxy/stats/summary" | jq '.pods[] | select(.podRef.name | contains("io-pressure-pod"))'

Response: This shell code 6.4 - Understand Pressure Stall Information (PSI) Metrics | Using the Prometheus metrics endpoint:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Replace <node-name> with the name of the node where the pod is running
kubectl get --raw "/api/v1/nodes/<node-name>/proxy/metrics/cadvisor" | \
    grep 'container_pressure_io_waiting_seconds_total{container="io-stress"'

Response: This shell code 6.4 - Understand Pressure Stall Information (PSI) Metrics | You will see the metric's value increase as the Pod continuously writes to disk.

Context: 6.4 - Understand Pressure Stall Information (PSI) Metrics | You will see the metric's value increase as the Pod continuously writes to disk.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

kube-apiserver statusz
Warning: This endpoint is not meant to be machine parseable, has no formatting compatibility guarantees and is for debugging purposes only.

Started: Wed Oct 16 21:03:43 UTC 2024

Response:
Up: 0 hr 00 min 16 sec
Go version: go1.23.2
Binary version: 1.32.0-alpha.0.1484+5eeac4f21a491b-dirty
Emulation version: 1.32.0-alpha.0.1484

Context: 6.5 - Kubernetes z-pages | Enabled using the ComponentFlagz feature gate, the /flagz endpoint shows you the command line arguments that were used to start a component.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kube-apiserver statusz
Warning: This endpoint is not meant to be machine parseable, has no formatting compatibility guarantees and is for debugging purposes only.

Started: Wed Oct 16 21:03:43 UTC 2024
Up: 0 hr 00 min 16 sec
Go version: go1.23.2
Binary version: 1.32.0-alpha.0.1484+5eeac4f21a491b-dirty
Emulation version: 1.32.0-alpha.0.1484

Response: This text code 6.5 - Kubernetes z-pages | Enabled using the ComponentFlagz feature gate, the /flagz endpoint shows you the command line arguments that were used to start a component.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

kube-apiserver flags
Warning: This endpoint is not meant to be machine parseable, has no formatting compatibility guarantees and is for debugging purposes only.

advertise-address=192.168.8.2
contention-profiling=false
enable-priority-and-fairness=true

Response:
profiling=true
authorization-mode=[Node,RBAC]
authorization-webhook-cache-authorized-ttl=5m0s
authorization-webhook-cache-unauthorized-ttl=30s
authorization-webhook-version=v1beta1
default-watch-cache-size=100

Context: 6.5 - Kubernetes z-pages | This page details the metrics that different Kubernetes components export. You can query the metrics endpoint for these components using an HTTP scrape, and fetch the current metrics data in Prometheu


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kube-apiserver flags
Warning: This endpoint is not meant to be machine parseable, has no formatting compatibility guarantees and is for debugging purposes only.

advertise-address=192.168.8.2
contention-profiling=false
enable-priority-and-fairness=true
profiling=true
authorization-mode=[Node,RBAC]
authorization-webhook-cache-authorized-ttl=5m0s
authorization-webhook-cache-unauthorized-ttl=30s
authorization-webhook-version=v1beta1
default-watch-cache-size=100

Response: This text code 6.5 - Kubernetes z-pages | This page details the metrics that different Kubernetes components export. You can query the metrics endpoint for these components using an HTTP scrape, and fetch the current metrics data in Prometheu


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

curl -Lv https://k8s.io/docs/reference/issues-security/official-cve-feed/index.json

Response: This shell code 7.3 - Official CVE Feed | Link to RSS formatcurl -Lv https://k8s.io/docs/reference/issues-security/official-cve-feed/feed.xml

Context: 7.3 - Official CVE Feed | Link to RSS formatcurl -Lv https://k8s.io/docs/reference/issues-security/official-cve-feed/feed.xml


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

curl -Lv https://k8s.io/docs/reference/issues-security/official-cve-feed/feed.xml

Response: This shell code 7.3 - Official CVE Feed | This feed is auto-refreshing with a noticeable but small lag (minutes to hours) from the time a CVE is announced to the time it is accessible in this feed.

Context: 7.3 - Official CVE Feed | This feed is auto-refreshing with a noticeable but small lag (minutes to hours) from the time a CVE is announced to the time it is accessible in this feed.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

checkpoint-<podFullName>-<containerName>-<timestamp>.tar

Response: This text code 8.1 - Kubelet Checkpoint API | The checkpoint archive is in tar format, and could be listed using an implementation of tar. The contents of the archive depend on the underlying CRI implementation (the container runtime on that node

Context: 8.1 - Kubelet Checkpoint API | The checkpoint archive is in tar format, and could be listed using an implementation of tar. The contents of the archive depend on the underlying CRI implementation (the container runtime on that node


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
port: 20250
authorization:
  mode: Webhook

Response:
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: "5m"
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: "30s"
serializeImagePulls: false
address: "192.168.0.1"

Context: 8.6 - Kubelet Configuration Directory Merging | Contents of a file in --config-dir directory:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
port: 20250
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: "5m"
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: "30s"
serializeImagePulls: false
address: "192.168.0.1"

Response: This yaml code 8.6 - Kubelet Configuration Directory Merging | Contents of a file in --config-dir directory:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
authorization:
  mode: AlwaysAllow

Response:
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: "8m"
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: "45s"
address: "192.168.0.8"

Context: 8.6 - Kubelet Configuration Directory Merging | The resulting configuration will be as follows:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
authorization:
  mode: AlwaysAllow
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: "8m"
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: "45s"
address: "192.168.0.8"

Response: This yaml code 8.6 - Kubelet Configuration Directory Merging | The resulting configuration will be as follows:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
port: 20250
serializeImagePulls: false
authorization:

Response:
  mode: AlwaysAllow
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: "8m"
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: "45s"
address: "192.168.0.8"

Context: 8.6 - Kubelet Configuration Directory Merging | You can override the slices/lists values of the kubelet configuration. However, the entire list gets overridden during the merging process. For example, you can override the clusterDNS list as follows


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
port: 20250
serializeImagePulls: false
authorization:
  mode: AlwaysAllow
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: "8m"
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: "45s"
address: "192.168.0.8"

Response: This yaml code 8.6 - Kubelet Configuration Directory Merging | You can override the slices/lists values of the kubelet configuration. However, the entire list gets overridden during the merging process. For example, you can override the clusterDNS list as follows


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
port: 20250

Response:
serializeImagePulls: false
clusterDNS:
  - "192.168.0.9"
  - "192.168.0.8"


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
port: 20250
serializeImagePulls: false
clusterDNS:
  - "192.168.0.9"
  - "192.168.0.8"

Response: This yaml code 8.6 - Kubelet Configuration Directory Merging | Contents of a file in --config-dir directory:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
clusterDNS:

Response:
  - "192.168.0.2"
  - "192.168.0.3"
  - "192.168.0.5"


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
clusterDNS:
  - "192.168.0.2"
  - "192.168.0.3"
  - "192.168.0.5"

Response: This yaml code 8.6 - Kubelet Configuration Directory Merging | The resulting configuration will be as follows:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
port: 20250
serializeImagePulls: false

Response:
clusterDNS:
  - "192.168.0.2"
  - "192.168.0.3"
  - "192.168.0.5"

Context: 8.6 - Kubelet Configuration Directory Merging | Individual fields in maps, regardless of their value types (boolean, string, etc.), can be selectively overridden. However, for map[string][]string, the entire list associated with a specific field ge


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
port: 20250
serializeImagePulls: false
clusterDNS:
  - "192.168.0.2"
  - "192.168.0.3"
  - "192.168.0.5"

Response: This yaml code 8.6 - Kubelet Configuration Directory Merging | Individual fields in maps, regardless of their value types (boolean, string, etc.), can be selectively overridden. However, for map[string][]string, the entire list associated with a specific field ge


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
port: 20250
serializeImagePulls: false
featureGates:
  AllAlpha: false
  MemoryQoS: true

Response:
staticPodURLHeader:
  kubelet-api-support:
  - "Authorization: 234APSDFA"
  - "X-Custom-Header: 123"
  custom-static-pod:
  - "Authorization: 223EWRWER"
  - "X-Custom-Header: 456"


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
port: 20250
serializeImagePulls: false
featureGates:
  AllAlpha: false
  MemoryQoS: true
staticPodURLHeader:
  kubelet-api-support:
  - "Authorization: 234APSDFA"
  - "X-Custom-Header: 123"
  custom-static-pod:
  - "Authorization: 223EWRWER"
  - "X-Custom-Header: 456"

Response: This yaml code 8.6 - Kubelet Configuration Directory Merging | Contents of a file in --config-dir directory:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
featureGates:
  MemoryQoS: false
  KubeletTracing: true

Response:
  DynamicResourceAllocation: true
staticPodURLHeader:
  custom-static-pod:
  - "Authorization: 223EWRWER"
  - "X-Custom-Header: 345"


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
featureGates:
  MemoryQoS: false
  KubeletTracing: true
  DynamicResourceAllocation: true
staticPodURLHeader:
  custom-static-pod:
  - "Authorization: 223EWRWER"
  - "X-Custom-Header: 345"

Response: This yaml code 8.6 - Kubelet Configuration Directory Merging | The resulting configuration will be as follows:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
port: 20250
serializeImagePulls: false
featureGates:
  AllAlpha: false
  MemoryQoS: false
  KubeletTracing: true

Response:
  DynamicResourceAllocation: true
staticPodURLHeader:
  kubelet-api-support:
  - "Authorization: 234APSDFA"
  - "X-Custom-Header: 123"
  custom-static-pod:
  - "Authorization: 223EWRWER"
  - "X-Custom-Header: 345"

Context: 8.6 - Kubelet Configuration Directory Merging | This page provides details of version compatibility between the Kubernetes device plugin API, and different versions of Kubernetes itself.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
port: 20250
serializeImagePulls: false
featureGates:
  AllAlpha: false
  MemoryQoS: false
  KubeletTracing: true
  DynamicResourceAllocation: true
staticPodURLHeader:
  kubelet-api-support:
  - "Authorization: 234APSDFA"
  - "X-Custom-Header: 123"
  custom-static-pod:
  - "Authorization: 223EWRWER"
  - "X-Custom-Header: 345"

Response: This yaml code 8.6 - Kubelet Configuration Directory Merging | This page provides details of version compatibility between the Kubernetes device plugin API, and different versions of Kubernetes itself.


Prompt:
Complete this systemd code:

[Unit]
Description=kubelet: The Kubernetes Node Agent
Documentation=https://kubernetes.io/docs/home/
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet

Response:
# Configures the watchdog timeout
WatchdogSec=30s
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitInterval=0
RestartSec=10

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Context: 8.8 - Kubelet Systemd Watchdog | For more details about systemd configuration, refer to the systemd documentation


Prompt:
Explain this systemd code:

[Unit]
Description=kubelet: The Kubernetes Node Agent
Documentation=https://kubernetes.io/docs/home/
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet
# Configures the watchdog timeout
WatchdogSec=30s
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitInterval=0
RestartSec=10

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Response: This systemd code 8.8 - Kubelet Systemd Watchdog | For more details about systemd configuration, refer to the systemd documentation


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

"conditions": [
  {
    "type": "Ready",
    "status": "True",
    "reason": "KubeletReady",

Response:
    "message": "kubelet is posting ready status",
    "lastHeartbeatTime": "2019-06-05T18:38:35Z",
    "lastTransitionTime": "2019-06-05T11:41:27Z"
  }
]

Context: 8.9 - Node Status | When problems occur on nodes, the Kubernetes control plane automatically creates taints that match the conditions affecting the node. An example of this is when the status of the Ready condition remai


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

"conditions": [
  {
    "type": "Ready",
    "status": "True",
    "reason": "KubeletReady",
    "message": "kubelet is posting ready status",
    "lastHeartbeatTime": "2019-06-05T18:38:35Z",
    "lastTransitionTime": "2019-06-05T11:41:27Z"
  }
]

Response: This json code 8.9 - Node Status | When problems occur on nodes, the Kubernetes control plane automatically creates taints that match the conditions affecting the node. An example of this is when the status of the Ready condition remai


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

spec.initContainers[*].securityContext.seccompProfile

Response: This text code 8.10 - Seccomp and Kubernetes | The Pod in the example above runs as Unconfined, while the ephemeral-container and init-container specifically defines RuntimeDefault. If the ephemeral or init container would not have set the securit

Context: 8.10 - Seccomp and Kubernetes | The Pod in the example above runs as Unconfined, while the ephemeral-container and init-container specifically defines RuntimeDefault. If the ephemeral or init container would not have set the securit


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

spec.ephemeralContainers[*].securityContext.seccompProfile

Response: This text code 8.10 - Seccomp and Kubernetes | The Pod in the example above runs as Unconfined, while the ephemeral-container and init-container specifically defines RuntimeDefault. If the ephemeral or init container would not have set the securit


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod
spec:
  securityContext:
    seccompProfile:
      type: Unconfined
  ephemeralContainers:
  - name: ephemeral-container
    image: debian
    securityContext:
      seccompProfile:

Response:
        type: RuntimeDefault
  initContainers:
  - name: init-container
    image: debian
    securityContext:
      seccompProfile:
        type: RuntimeDefault
  containers:
  - name: container
    image: docker.io/library/debian:stable
    securityContext:
      seccompProfile:
        type: Localhost
        localhostProfile: my-profile.json


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod
spec:
  securityContext:
    seccompProfile:
      type: Unconfined
  ephemeralContainers:
  - name: ephemeral-container
    image: debian
    securityContext:
      seccompProfile:
        type: RuntimeDefault
  initContainers:
  - name: init-container
    image: debian
    securityContext:
      seccompProfile:
        type: RuntimeDefault
  containers:
  - name: container
    image: docker.io/library/debian:stable
    securityContext:
      seccompProfile:
        type: Localhost
        localhostProfile: my-profile.json

Response: This yaml code 8.10 - Seccomp and Kubernetes | The Pod in the example above runs as Unconfined, while the ephemeral-container and init-container specifically defines RuntimeDefault. If the ephemeral or init container would not have set the securit


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

{
  "defaultAction": "SCMP_ACT_ERRNO",
  "defaultErrnoRet": 38,
  "syscalls": [
    {
      "names": [
        "adjtimex",
        "alarm",
        "bind",

Response:
        "waitid",
        "waitpid",
        "write",
        "writev"
      ],
      "action": "SCMP_ACT_ALLOW"
    }
  ]
}

Context: 8.10 - Seccomp and Kubernetes | The defaultAction in the profile above is defined as SCMP_ACT_ERRNO and will return as fallback to the actions defined in syscalls. The error is defined as code 38 via the defaultErrnoRet field.


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

{
  "defaultAction": "SCMP_ACT_ERRNO",
  "defaultErrnoRet": 38,
  "syscalls": [
    {
      "names": [
        "adjtimex",
        "alarm",
        "bind",
        "waitid",
        "waitpid",
        "write",
        "writev"
      ],
      "action": "SCMP_ACT_ALLOW"
    }
  ]
}

Response: This json code 8.10 - Seccomp and Kubernetes | The defaultAction in the profile above is defined as SCMP_ACT_ERRNO and will return as fallback to the actions defined in syscalls. The error is defined as code 38 via the defaultErrnoRet field.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

...
iptables:

Response:
  minSyncPeriod: 1s
  syncPeriod: 30s
...

Context: 9.3 - Virtual IPs and Service Proxies | The minSyncPeriod parameter sets the minimum duration between attempts to resynchronize iptables rules with the kernel. If it is 0s, then kube-proxy will always immediately synchronize the rules every


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

...
iptables:
  minSyncPeriod: 1s
  syncPeriod: 30s
...

Response: This yaml code 9.3 - Virtual IPs and Service Proxies | The minSyncPeriod parameter sets the minimum duration between attempts to resynchronize iptables rules with the kernel. If it is 0s, then kube-proxy will always immediately synchronize the rules every


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

iptables_localhost_nodeports_accepted_packets_total

Response: This text code 9.3 - Virtual IPs and Service Proxies | NodePort interaction with firewalls: The iptables mode of kube-proxy tries to be compatible with overly-aggressive firewalls; for each type: NodePort service, it will add rules to accept inbound traff

Context: 9.3 - Virtual IPs and Service Proxies | NodePort interaction with firewalls: The iptables mode of kube-proxy tries to be compatible with overly-aggressive firewalls; for each type: NodePort service, it will add rules to accept inbound traff


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

.spec.sessionAffinityConfig.clientIP.timeoutSeconds

Response: This text code 9.3 - Virtual IPs and Service Proxies | Unlike Pod IP addresses, which actually route to a fixed destination, Service IPs are not actually answered by a single host. Instead, kube-proxy uses packet processing logic (such as Linux iptables)

Context: 9.3 - Virtual IPs and Service Proxies | Unlike Pod IP addresses, which actually route to a fixed destination, Service IPs are not actually answered by a single host. Instead, kube-proxy uses packet processing logic (such as Linux iptables)


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP        EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   2001:db8:1:2::1   <none>        443/TCP   3d1h

Response: This text code 9.3 - Virtual IPs and Service Proxies | Kubernetes also allow users to dynamically define the available IP ranges for Services using ServiceCIDR objects. During bootstrap, a default ServiceCIDR object named kubernetes is created from the va

Context: 9.3 - Virtual IPs and Service Proxies | Kubernetes also allow users to dynamically define the available IP ranges for Services using ServiceCIDR objects. During bootstrap, a default ServiceCIDR object named kubernetes is created from the va


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME              PARENTREF
2001:db8:1:2::1   services/default/kubernetes
2001:db8:1:2::a   services/kube-system/kube-dns

Response: This text code 9.3 - Virtual IPs and Service Proxies | Kubernetes also allow users to dynamically define the available IP ranges for Services using ServiceCIDR objects. During bootstrap, a default ServiceCIDR object named kubernetes is created from the va


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME         CIDRS         AGE
kubernetes   10.96.0.0/28  17m

Response: This text code 9.3 - Virtual IPs and Service Proxies | Users can create or delete new ServiceCIDR objects to manage the available IP ranges for Services:

Context: 9.3 - Virtual IPs and Service Proxies | Users can create or delete new ServiceCIDR objects to manage the available IP ranges for Services:


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

cat <<'EOF' | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: ServiceCIDR
metadata:

Response:
  name: newservicecidr
spec:
  cidrs:
  - 10.96.0.0/24
EOF

Context: 9.3 - Virtual IPs and Service Proxies | Distributions or administrators of Kubernetes clusters may want to control that new Service CIDRs added to the cluster does not overlap with other networks on the cluster, that only belong to a specif


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

cat <<'EOF' | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: ServiceCIDR
metadata:
  name: newservicecidr
spec:
  cidrs:
  - 10.96.0.0/24
EOF

Response: This shell code 9.3 - Virtual IPs and Service Proxies | Distributions or administrators of Kubernetes clusters may want to control that new Service CIDRs added to the cluster does not overlap with other networks on the cluster, that only belong to a specif


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME             CIDRS         AGE
kubernetes       10.96.0.0/28  17m
newservicecidr   10.96.0.0/24  7m

Response: This text code 9.3 - Virtual IPs and Service Proxies | Distributions or administrators of Kubernetes clusters may want to control that new Service CIDRs added to the cluster does not overlap with other networks on the cluster, that only belong to a specif


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

---
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicy
metadata:
  name: "servicecidrs-default"
spec:
  failurePolicy: Fail
  matchConstraints:
    resourceRules:
    - apiGroups:   ["networking.k8s.io"]
      apiVersions: ["v1","v1beta1"]
      operations:  ["CREATE", "UPDATE"]
      resources:   ["servicecidrs"]
  matchConditions:
  - name: 'exclude-default-servicecidr'

Response:
    expression: "object.metadata.name != 'kubernetes'"
  variables:
  - name: allowed
    expression: "['10.96.0.0/16','2001:db8::/64']"
  validations:
  - expression: "object.spec.cidrs.all(i , variables.allowed.exists(j , cidr(j).containsCIDR(i)))"
---
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding
metadata:
  name: "servicecidrs-binding"
spec:
  policyName: "servicecidrs-default"
  validationActions: [Deny,Audit]
---

Context: 9.3 - Virtual IPs and Service Proxies | Kubernetes divides the ClusterIP range into two bands, based on the size of the configured service-cluster-ip-range by using the following formula min(max(16, cidrSize / 16), 256). That formula means


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

---
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicy
metadata:
  name: "servicecidrs-default"
spec:
  failurePolicy: Fail
  matchConstraints:
    resourceRules:
    - apiGroups:   ["networking.k8s.io"]
      apiVersions: ["v1","v1beta1"]
      operations:  ["CREATE", "UPDATE"]
      resources:   ["servicecidrs"]
  matchConditions:
  - name: 'exclude-default-servicecidr'
    expression: "object.metadata.name != 'kubernetes'"
  variables:
  - name: allowed
    expression: "['10.96.0.0/16','2001:db8::/64']"
  validations:
  - expression: "object.spec.cidrs.all(i , variables.allowed.exists(j , cidr(j).containsCIDR(i)))"
---
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding
metadata:
  name: "servicecidrs-binding"
spec:
  policyName: "servicecidrs-default"
  validationActions: [Deny,Audit]
---

Response: This yaml code 9.3 - Virtual IPs and Service Proxies | Kubernetes divides the ClusterIP range into two bands, based on the size of the configured service-cluster-ip-range by using the following formula min(max(16, cidrSize / 16), 256). That formula means


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ KUBEADM                                                  │
│ Easily bootstrap a secure Kubernetes cluster             │

Response:
│                                                          │
│ Please give us feedback at:                              │
│ https://github.com/kubernetes/kubeadm/issues             │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Context: 10.1.1.1 - | Example usage:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ KUBEADM                                                  │
│ Easily bootstrap a secure Kubernetes cluster             │
│                                                          │
│ Please give us feedback at:                              │
│ https://github.com/kubernetes/kubeadm/issues             │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Response: This text code 10.1.1.1 - | Example usage:

Context: 10.1.1.1 - | Example usage:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Create a two-machine cluster with one control-plane node
(which controls the cluster), and one worker node
(where your workloads, like Pods and Deployments run).

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ On the first machine:                                    │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ control-plane# kubeadm init                              │

Response:
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ On the second machine:                                   │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ worker# kubeadm join <arguments-returned-from-init>      │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

You can then repeat the second step on as many other machines as you like.

Context: 10.1.1.1 - | help for kubeadm


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Create a two-machine cluster with one control-plane node
(which controls the cluster), and one worker node
(where your workloads, like Pods and Deployments run).

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ On the first machine:                                    │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ control-plane# kubeadm init                              │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ On the second machine:                                   │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ worker# kubeadm join <arguments-returned-from-init>      │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

You can then repeat the second step on as many other machines as you like.

Response: This text code 10.1.1.1 - | help for kubeadm

Context: 10.1.1.1 - | help for kubeadm


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# The following command will generate keys and CSRs for all control-plane certificates and kubeconfig files:
  kubeadm certs generate-csr --kubeconfig-dir /tmp/etc-k8s --cert-dir /tmp/etc-k8s/pki

Response: This text code 10.1.1.2.3 - | The path where to save the certificates

Context: 10.1.1.2.3 - | The path where to save the certificates


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm certs renew apiserver-kubelet-client [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.2.8 - | The path where to save the certificates

Context: 10.1.1.2.8 - | The path where to save the certificates


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm certs renew controller-manager.conf [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.2.10 - | The path where to save the certificates

Context: 10.1.1.2.10 - | The path where to save the certificates


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm certs renew etcd-healthcheck-client [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.2.11 - | The path where to save the certificates

Context: 10.1.1.2.11 - | The path where to save the certificates


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# Install bash completion on a Mac using homebrew
brew install bash-completion
printf "\n# Bash completion support\nsource $(brew --prefix)/etc/bash_completion\n" >> $HOME/.bash_profile
source $HOME/.bash_profile

# Load the kubeadm completion code for bash into the current shell
source <(kubeadm completion bash)

Response:
# Write bash completion code to a file and source it from .bash_profile
kubeadm completion bash > ~/.kube/kubeadm_completion.bash.inc
printf "\n# Kubeadm shell completion\nsource '$HOME/.kube/kubeadm_completion.bash.inc'\n" >> $HOME/.bash_profile
source $HOME/.bash_profile

# Load the kubeadm completion code for zsh[1] into the current shell
source <(kubeadm completion zsh)

Context: 10.1.1.3 - | help for completion


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Install bash completion on a Mac using homebrew
brew install bash-completion
printf "\n# Bash completion support\nsource $(brew --prefix)/etc/bash_completion\n" >> $HOME/.bash_profile
source $HOME/.bash_profile

# Load the kubeadm completion code for bash into the current shell
source <(kubeadm completion bash)

# Write bash completion code to a file and source it from .bash_profile
kubeadm completion bash > ~/.kube/kubeadm_completion.bash.inc
printf "\n# Kubeadm shell completion\nsource '$HOME/.kube/kubeadm_completion.bash.inc'\n" >> $HOME/.bash_profile
source $HOME/.bash_profile

# Load the kubeadm completion code for zsh[1] into the current shell
source <(kubeadm completion zsh)

Response: This text code 10.1.1.3 - | help for completion

Context: 10.1.1.3 - | help for completion


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

preflight                     Run pre-flight checks
certs                         Certificate generation
  /ca                           Generate the self-signed Kubernetes CA to provision identities for other Kubernetes components
  /apiserver                    Generate the certificate for serving the Kubernetes API
  /apiserver-kubelet-client     Generate the certificate for the API server to connect to kubelet
  /front-proxy-ca               Generate the self-signed CA to provision identities for front proxy
  /front-proxy-client           Generate the certificate for the front proxy client
  /etcd-ca                      Generate the self-signed CA to provision identities for etcd
  /etcd-server                  Generate the certificate for serving etcd
  /etcd-peer                    Generate the certificate for etcd nodes to communicate with each other
  /etcd-healthcheck-client      Generate the certificate for liveness probes to healthcheck etcd
  /apiserver-etcd-client        Generate the certificate the apiserver uses to access etcd
  /sa                           Generate a private key for signing service account tokens along with its public key
kubeconfig                    Generate all kubeconfig files necessary to establish the control plane and the admin kubeconfig file
  /admin                        Generate a kubeconfig file for the admin to use and for kubeadm itself
  /super-admin                  Generate a kubeconfig file for the super-admin
  /kubelet                      Generate a kubeconfig file for the kubelet to use *only* for cluster bootstrapping purposes
  /controller-manager           Generate a kubeconfig file for the controller manager to use
  /scheduler                    Generate a kubeconfig file for the scheduler to use

Response:
etcd                          Generate static Pod manifest file for local etcd
  /local                        Generate the static Pod manifest file for a local, single-node local etcd instance
control-plane                 Generate all static Pod manifest files necessary to establish the control plane
  /apiserver                    Generates the kube-apiserver static Pod manifest
  /controller-manager           Generates the kube-controller-manager static Pod manifest
  /scheduler                    Generates the kube-scheduler static Pod manifest
kubelet-start                 Write kubelet settings and (re)start the kubelet
wait-control-plane            Wait for the control plane to start
upload-config                 Upload the kubeadm and kubelet configuration to a ConfigMap
  /kubeadm                      Upload the kubeadm ClusterConfiguration to a ConfigMap
  /kubelet                      Upload the kubelet component config to a ConfigMap
upload-certs                  Upload certificates to kubeadm-certs
mark-control-plane            Mark a node as a control-plane
bootstrap-token               Generates bootstrap tokens used to join a node to a cluster
kubelet-finalize              Updates settings relevant to the kubelet after TLS bootstrap
  /enable-client-cert-rotation  Enable kubelet client certificate rotation
addon                         Install required addons for passing conformance tests
  /coredns                      Install the CoreDNS addon to a Kubernetes cluster
  /kube-proxy                   Install the kube-proxy addon to a Kubernetes cluster
show-join-command             Show the join command for control-plane and worker node

Context: 10.1.1.5 - | The IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

preflight                     Run pre-flight checks
certs                         Certificate generation
  /ca                           Generate the self-signed Kubernetes CA to provision identities for other Kubernetes components
  /apiserver                    Generate the certificate for serving the Kubernetes API
  /apiserver-kubelet-client     Generate the certificate for the API server to connect to kubelet
  /front-proxy-ca               Generate the self-signed CA to provision identities for front proxy
  /front-proxy-client           Generate the certificate for the front proxy client
  /etcd-ca                      Generate the self-signed CA to provision identities for etcd
  /etcd-server                  Generate the certificate for serving etcd
  /etcd-peer                    Generate the certificate for etcd nodes to communicate with each other
  /etcd-healthcheck-client      Generate the certificate for liveness probes to healthcheck etcd
  /apiserver-etcd-client        Generate the certificate the apiserver uses to access etcd
  /sa                           Generate a private key for signing service account tokens along with its public key
kubeconfig                    Generate all kubeconfig files necessary to establish the control plane and the admin kubeconfig file
  /admin                        Generate a kubeconfig file for the admin to use and for kubeadm itself
  /super-admin                  Generate a kubeconfig file for the super-admin
  /kubelet                      Generate a kubeconfig file for the kubelet to use *only* for cluster bootstrapping purposes
  /controller-manager           Generate a kubeconfig file for the controller manager to use
  /scheduler                    Generate a kubeconfig file for the scheduler to use
etcd                          Generate static Pod manifest file for local etcd
  /local                        Generate the static Pod manifest file for a local, single-node local etcd instance
control-plane                 Generate all static Pod manifest files necessary to establish the control plane
  /apiserver                    Generates the kube-apiserver static Pod manifest
  /controller-manager           Generates the kube-controller-manager static Pod manifest
  /scheduler                    Generates the kube-scheduler static Pod manifest
kubelet-start                 Write kubelet settings and (re)start the kubelet
wait-control-plane            Wait for the control plane to start
upload-config                 Upload the kubeadm and kubelet configuration to a ConfigMap
  /kubeadm                      Upload the kubeadm ClusterConfiguration to a ConfigMap
  /kubelet                      Upload the kubelet component config to a ConfigMap
upload-certs                  Upload certificates to kubeadm-certs
mark-control-plane            Mark a node as a control-plane
bootstrap-token               Generates bootstrap tokens used to join a node to a cluster
kubelet-finalize              Updates settings relevant to the kubelet after TLS bootstrap
  /enable-client-cert-rotation  Enable kubelet client certificate rotation
addon                         Install required addons for passing conformance tests
  /coredns                      Install the CoreDNS addon to a Kubernetes cluster
  /kube-proxy                   Install the kube-proxy addon to a Kubernetes cluster
show-join-command             Show the join command for control-plane and worker node

Response: This text code 10.1.1.5 - | The IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Make all the bootstrap token configurations and create an initial token, functionally
  # equivalent to what generated by kubeadm init.
  kubeadm init phase bootstrap-token

Response: This text code 10.1.1.5.6 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.

Context: 10.1.1.5.6 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm init phase certs apiserver-etcd-client [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.5.9 - | The path where to save and store the certificates.

Context: 10.1.1.5.9 - | The path where to save and store the certificates.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm init phase certs apiserver-kubelet-client [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.5.10 - | The path where to save and store the certificates.

Context: 10.1.1.5.10 - | The path where to save and store the certificates.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm init phase certs etcd-healthcheck-client [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.5.14 - | The path where to save and store the certificates.

Context: 10.1.1.5.14 - | The path where to save and store the certificates.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm init phase certs front-proxy-client [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.5.18 - | The path where to save and store the certificates.

Context: 10.1.1.5.18 - | The path where to save and store the certificates.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# Generates all static Pod manifest files for control plane components,
  # functionally equivalent to what is generated by kubeadm init.
  kubeadm init phase control-plane all

Response:
  # Generates all static Pod manifest files using options read from a configuration file.
  kubeadm init phase control-plane all --config config.yaml

Context: 10.1.1.5.21 - | The IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Generates all static Pod manifest files for control plane components,
  # functionally equivalent to what is generated by kubeadm init.
  kubeadm init phase control-plane all

  # Generates all static Pod manifest files using options read from a configuration file.
  kubeadm init phase control-plane all --config config.yaml

Response: This text code 10.1.1.5.21 - | The IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm init phase control-plane controller-manager [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.5.23 - | The path where to save and store the certificates.

Context: 10.1.1.5.23 - | The path where to save and store the certificates.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# Generates the static Pod manifest file for etcd, functionally
  # equivalent to what is generated by kubeadm init.
  kubeadm init phase etcd local

Response:
  # Generates the static Pod manifest file for etcd using options
  # read from a configuration file.
  kubeadm init phase etcd local --config config.yaml

Context: 10.1.1.5.26 - | The path where to save and store the certificates.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Generates the static Pod manifest file for etcd, functionally
  # equivalent to what is generated by kubeadm init.
  kubeadm init phase etcd local

  # Generates the static Pod manifest file for etcd using options
  # read from a configuration file.
  kubeadm init phase etcd local --config config.yaml

Response: This text code 10.1.1.5.26 - | The path where to save and store the certificates.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm init phase kubeconfig controller-manager [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.5.30 - | The IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.

Context: 10.1.1.5.30 - | The IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Updates settings relevant to the kubelet after TLS bootstrap"
  kubeadm init phase kubelet-finalize all --config

Response: This text code 10.1.1.5.34 - | help for kubelet-finalize

Context: 10.1.1.5.34 - | help for kubelet-finalize


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Updates settings relevant to the kubelet after TLS bootstrap"
  kubeadm init phase kubelet-finalize all --config

Response: This text code 10.1.1.5.35 - | The path where to save and store the certificates.

Context: 10.1.1.5.35 - | The path where to save and store the certificates.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm init phase kubelet-finalize enable-client-cert-rotation [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.5.36 - | The path where to save and store the certificates.

Context: 10.1.1.5.36 - | The path where to save and store the certificates.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Writes a dynamic environment file with kubelet flags from a InitConfiguration file.
  kubeadm init phase kubelet-start --config config.yaml

Response: This text code 10.1.1.5.37 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.

Context: 10.1.1.5.37 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# Applies control-plane label and taint to the current node, functionally equivalent to what executed by kubeadm init.
  kubeadm init phase mark-control-plane --config config.yaml

Response:
  # Applies control-plane label and taint to a specific node
  kubeadm init phase mark-control-plane --node-name myNode

Context: 10.1.1.5.38 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Applies control-plane label and taint to the current node, functionally equivalent to what executed by kubeadm init.
  kubeadm init phase mark-control-plane --config config.yaml

  # Applies control-plane label and taint to a specific node
  kubeadm init phase mark-control-plane --node-name myNode

Response: This text code 10.1.1.5.38 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Run pre-flight checks for kubeadm init using a config file.
  kubeadm init phase preflight --config kubeadm-config.yaml

Response: This text code 10.1.1.5.39 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.

Context: 10.1.1.5.39 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# upload the configuration of your cluster
  kubeadm init phase upload-config kubeadm --config=myConfig.yaml

Response: This text code 10.1.1.5.44 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.

Context: 10.1.1.5.44 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Upload the kubelet configuration from the kubeadm Config file to a ConfigMap in the cluster.
  kubeadm init phase upload-config kubelet --config kubeadm.yaml

Response: This text code 10.1.1.5.45 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.

Context: 10.1.1.5.45 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

preflight              Run join pre-flight checks
control-plane-prepare  Prepare the machine for serving a control plane
  /download-certs        Download certificates shared among control-plane nodes from the kubeadm-certs Secret
  /certs                 Generate the certificates for the new control plane components
  /kubeconfig            Generate the kubeconfig for the new control plane components

Response:
  /control-plane         Generate the manifests for the new control plane components
kubelet-start          Write kubelet settings, certificates and (re)start the kubelet
control-plane-join     Join a machine as a control plane instance
  /etcd                  Add a new local etcd member
  /mark-control-plane    Mark a node as a control-plane
wait-control-plane     Wait for the control plane to start

Context: 10.1.1.6 - | If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

preflight              Run join pre-flight checks
control-plane-prepare  Prepare the machine for serving a control plane
  /download-certs        Download certificates shared among control-plane nodes from the kubeadm-certs Secret
  /certs                 Generate the certificates for the new control plane components
  /kubeconfig            Generate the kubeconfig for the new control plane components
  /control-plane         Generate the manifests for the new control plane components
kubelet-start          Write kubelet settings, certificates and (re)start the kubelet
control-plane-join     Join a machine as a control plane instance
  /etcd                  Add a new local etcd member
  /mark-control-plane    Mark a node as a control-plane
wait-control-plane     Wait for the control plane to start

Response: This text code 10.1.1.6 - | If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Joins a machine as a control plane instance
  kubeadm join phase control-plane-join all

Response: This text code 10.1.1.6.2 - | help for control-plane-join

Context: 10.1.1.6.2 - | help for control-plane-join


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm join phase control-plane-join mark-control-plane [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.6.5 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.

Context: 10.1.1.6.5 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Prepares the machine for serving a control plane
  kubeadm join phase control-plane-prepare all

Response: This text code 10.1.1.6.6 - | help for control-plane-prepare

Context: 10.1.1.6.6 - | help for control-plane-prepare


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm join phase control-plane-prepare all [api-server-endpoint] [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.6.7 - | If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.

Context: 10.1.1.6.7 - | If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm join phase control-plane-prepare certs [api-server-endpoint] [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.6.8 - | If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.

Context: 10.1.1.6.8 - | If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm join phase control-plane-prepare control-plane [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.6.9 - | If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.

Context: 10.1.1.6.9 - | If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm join phase control-plane-prepare download-certs [api-server-endpoint] [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.6.10 - | Use this key to decrypt the certificate secrets uploaded by init. The certificate key is a hex encoded string that is an AES key of size 32 bytes.

Context: 10.1.1.6.10 - | Use this key to decrypt the certificate secrets uploaded by init. The certificate key is a hex encoded string that is an AES key of size 32 bytes.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm join phase control-plane-prepare kubeconfig [api-server-endpoint] [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.6.11 - | Use this key to decrypt the certificate secrets uploaded by init. The certificate key is a hex encoded string that is an AES key of size 32 bytes.

Context: 10.1.1.6.11 - | Use this key to decrypt the certificate secrets uploaded by init. The certificate key is a hex encoded string that is an AES key of size 32 bytes.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm join phase kubelet-start [api-server-endpoint] [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.6.12 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.

Context: 10.1.1.6.12 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm join phase preflight [api-server-endpoint] [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.6.13 - | If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.

Context: 10.1.1.6.13 - | If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Run join pre-flight checks using a config file.
  kubeadm join phase preflight --config kubeadm-config.yaml

Response: This text code 10.1.1.6.13 - | If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# Output a kubeconfig file for an additional user named foo
  kubeadm kubeconfig user --client-name=foo

Response:
  # Output a kubeconfig file for an additional user named foo using a kubeadm config file bar
  kubeadm kubeconfig user --client-name=foo --config=bar

Context: 10.1.1.7.1 - | The name of user. It will be used as the CN if client certificates are created


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Output a kubeconfig file for an additional user named foo
  kubeadm kubeconfig user --client-name=foo

  # Output a kubeconfig file for an additional user named foo using a kubeadm config file bar
  kubeadm kubeconfig user --client-name=foo --config=bar

Response: This text code 10.1.1.7.1 - | The name of user. It will be used as the CN if client certificates are created


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

preflight           Run reset pre-flight checks
remove-etcd-member  Remove a local etcd member.
cleanup-node        Run cleanup node.

Response: This text code 10.1.1.8 - | The path to the directory where the certificates are stored. If specified, clean this directory.

Context: 10.1.1.8 - | The path to the directory where the certificates are stored. If specified, clean this directory.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

preflight        Run preflight checks before upgrade
control-plane    Upgrade the control plane
upload-config    Upload the kubeadm and kubelet configurations to ConfigMaps
  /kubeadm         Upload the kubeadm ClusterConfiguration to a ConfigMap
  /kubelet         Upload the kubelet configuration to a ConfigMap

Response:
kubelet-config   Upgrade the kubelet configuration for this node
bootstrap-token  Configures bootstrap token and cluster-info RBAC rules
addon            Upgrade the default kubeadm addons
  /coredns         Upgrade the CoreDNS addon
  /kube-proxy      Upgrade the kube-proxy addon
post-upgrade     Run post upgrade tasks

Context: 10.1.1.10.1 - | Show unstable versions of Kubernetes as an upgrade alternative and allow upgrading to an alpha/beta/release candidate versions of Kubernetes.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

preflight        Run preflight checks before upgrade
control-plane    Upgrade the control plane
upload-config    Upload the kubeadm and kubelet configurations to ConfigMaps
  /kubeadm         Upload the kubeadm ClusterConfiguration to a ConfigMap
  /kubelet         Upload the kubelet configuration to a ConfigMap
kubelet-config   Upgrade the kubelet configuration for this node
bootstrap-token  Configures bootstrap token and cluster-info RBAC rules
addon            Upgrade the default kubeadm addons
  /coredns         Upgrade the CoreDNS addon
  /kube-proxy      Upgrade the kube-proxy addon
post-upgrade     Run post upgrade tasks

Response: This text code 10.1.1.10.1 - | Show unstable versions of Kubernetes as an upgrade alternative and allow upgrading to an alpha/beta/release candidate versions of Kubernetes.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm upgrade apply phase addon kube-proxy [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.10.6 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.

Context: 10.1.1.10.6 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm upgrade apply phase bootstrap-token [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.10.7 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.

Context: 10.1.1.10.7 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm upgrade apply phase upload-config all [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.10.13 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.

Context: 10.1.1.10.13 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm upgrade apply phase upload-config kubeadm [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.10.14 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.

Context: 10.1.1.10.14 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm upgrade apply phase upload-config kubelet [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.10.15 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.

Context: 10.1.1.10.15 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

preflight       Run upgrade node pre-flight checks
control-plane   Upgrade the control plane instance deployed on this node, if any
kubelet-config  Upgrade the kubelet configuration for this node

Response:
addon           Upgrade the default kubeadm addons
  /coredns        Upgrade the CoreDNS addon
  /kube-proxy     Upgrade the kube-proxy addon
post-upgrade    Run post upgrade tasks

Context: 10.1.1.10.17 - | Perform the renewal of certificates used by component changed during upgrades.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

preflight       Run upgrade node pre-flight checks
control-plane   Upgrade the control plane instance deployed on this node, if any
kubelet-config  Upgrade the kubelet configuration for this node
addon           Upgrade the default kubeadm addons
  /coredns        Upgrade the CoreDNS addon
  /kube-proxy     Upgrade the kube-proxy addon
post-upgrade    Run post upgrade tasks

Response: This text code 10.1.1.10.17 - | Perform the renewal of certificates used by component changed during upgrades.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm upgrade node phase addon kube-proxy [flags]

Response: This text code 10.1.1.10.22 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.

Context: 10.1.1.10.22 - | Path to a kubeadm configuration file.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

preflight                     Run pre-flight checks
certs                         Certificate generation
  /ca                           Generate the self-signed Kubernetes CA to provision identities for other Kubernetes components
  /apiserver                    Generate the certificate for serving the Kubernetes API
  /apiserver-kubelet-client     Generate the certificate for the API server to connect to kubelet
  /front-proxy-ca               Generate the self-signed CA to provision identities for front proxy
  /front-proxy-client           Generate the certificate for the front proxy client
  /etcd-ca                      Generate the self-signed CA to provision identities for etcd
  /etcd-server                  Generate the certificate for serving etcd
  /etcd-peer                    Generate the certificate for etcd nodes to communicate with each other
  /etcd-healthcheck-client      Generate the certificate for liveness probes to healthcheck etcd
  /apiserver-etcd-client        Generate the certificate the apiserver uses to access etcd
  /sa                           Generate a private key for signing service account tokens along with its public key
kubeconfig                    Generate all kubeconfig files necessary to establish the control plane and the admin kubeconfig file
  /admin                        Generate a kubeconfig file for the admin to use and for kubeadm itself
  /super-admin                  Generate a kubeconfig file for the super-admin
  /kubelet                      Generate a kubeconfig file for the kubelet to use *only* for cluster bootstrapping purposes
  /controller-manager           Generate a kubeconfig file for the controller manager to use
  /scheduler                    Generate a kubeconfig file for the scheduler to use

Response:
etcd                          Generate static Pod manifest file for local etcd
  /local                        Generate the static Pod manifest file for a local, single-node local etcd instance
control-plane                 Generate all static Pod manifest files necessary to establish the control plane
  /apiserver                    Generates the kube-apiserver static Pod manifest
  /controller-manager           Generates the kube-controller-manager static Pod manifest
  /scheduler                    Generates the kube-scheduler static Pod manifest
kubelet-start                 Write kubelet settings and (re)start the kubelet
wait-control-plane            Wait for the control plane to start
upload-config                 Upload the kubeadm and kubelet configuration to a ConfigMap
  /kubeadm                      Upload the kubeadm ClusterConfiguration to a ConfigMap
  /kubelet                      Upload the kubelet component config to a ConfigMap
upload-certs                  Upload certificates to kubeadm-certs
mark-control-plane            Mark a node as a control-plane
bootstrap-token               Generates bootstrap tokens used to join a node to a cluster
kubelet-finalize              Updates settings relevant to the kubelet after TLS bootstrap
  /enable-client-cert-rotation  Enable kubelet client certificate rotation
addon                         Install required addons for passing conformance tests
  /coredns                      Install the CoreDNS addon to a Kubernetes cluster
  /kube-proxy                   Install the kube-proxy addon to a Kubernetes cluster
show-join-command             Show the join command for control-plane and worker node

Context: 10.1.2 - kubeadm init | The IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

preflight                     Run pre-flight checks
certs                         Certificate generation
  /ca                           Generate the self-signed Kubernetes CA to provision identities for other Kubernetes components
  /apiserver                    Generate the certificate for serving the Kubernetes API
  /apiserver-kubelet-client     Generate the certificate for the API server to connect to kubelet
  /front-proxy-ca               Generate the self-signed CA to provision identities for front proxy
  /front-proxy-client           Generate the certificate for the front proxy client
  /etcd-ca                      Generate the self-signed CA to provision identities for etcd
  /etcd-server                  Generate the certificate for serving etcd
  /etcd-peer                    Generate the certificate for etcd nodes to communicate with each other
  /etcd-healthcheck-client      Generate the certificate for liveness probes to healthcheck etcd
  /apiserver-etcd-client        Generate the certificate the apiserver uses to access etcd
  /sa                           Generate a private key for signing service account tokens along with its public key
kubeconfig                    Generate all kubeconfig files necessary to establish the control plane and the admin kubeconfig file
  /admin                        Generate a kubeconfig file for the admin to use and for kubeadm itself
  /super-admin                  Generate a kubeconfig file for the super-admin
  /kubelet                      Generate a kubeconfig file for the kubelet to use *only* for cluster bootstrapping purposes
  /controller-manager           Generate a kubeconfig file for the controller manager to use
  /scheduler                    Generate a kubeconfig file for the scheduler to use
etcd                          Generate static Pod manifest file for local etcd
  /local                        Generate the static Pod manifest file for a local, single-node local etcd instance
control-plane                 Generate all static Pod manifest files necessary to establish the control plane
  /apiserver                    Generates the kube-apiserver static Pod manifest
  /controller-manager           Generates the kube-controller-manager static Pod manifest
  /scheduler                    Generates the kube-scheduler static Pod manifest
kubelet-start                 Write kubelet settings and (re)start the kubelet
wait-control-plane            Wait for the control plane to start
upload-config                 Upload the kubeadm and kubelet configuration to a ConfigMap
  /kubeadm                      Upload the kubeadm ClusterConfiguration to a ConfigMap
  /kubelet                      Upload the kubelet component config to a ConfigMap
upload-certs                  Upload certificates to kubeadm-certs
mark-control-plane            Mark a node as a control-plane
bootstrap-token               Generates bootstrap tokens used to join a node to a cluster
kubelet-finalize              Updates settings relevant to the kubelet after TLS bootstrap
  /enable-client-cert-rotation  Enable kubelet client certificate rotation
addon                         Install required addons for passing conformance tests
  /coredns                      Install the CoreDNS addon to a Kubernetes cluster
  /kube-proxy                   Install the kube-proxy addon to a Kubernetes cluster
show-join-command             Show the join command for control-plane and worker node

Response: This text code 10.1.2 - kubeadm init | The IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

sudo kubeadm init phase control-plane controller-manager --help

Response: This shell code 10.1.2 - kubeadm init | You can also use --help to see the list of sub-phases for a certain parent phase:

Context: 10.1.2 - kubeadm init | You can also use --help to see the list of sub-phases for a certain parent phase:


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

sudo kubeadm init phase control-plane all --config=configfile.yaml
sudo kubeadm init phase etcd local --config=configfile.yaml

Response:
# you can now modify the control plane and etcd manifest files
sudo kubeadm init --skip-phases=control-plane,etcd --config=configfile.yaml

Context: 10.1.2 - kubeadm init | What this example would do is write the manifest files for the control plane and etcd in /etc/kubernetes/manifests based on the configuration in configfile.yaml. This allows you to modify the files an


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

sudo kubeadm init phase control-plane all --config=configfile.yaml
sudo kubeadm init phase etcd local --config=configfile.yaml
# you can now modify the control plane and etcd manifest files
sudo kubeadm init --skip-phases=control-plane,etcd --config=configfile.yaml

Response: This shell code 10.1.2 - kubeadm init | What this example would do is write the manifest files for the control plane and etcd in /etc/kubernetes/manifests based on the configuration in configfile.yaml. This allows you to modify the files an


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubeadm config images list
kubeadm config images pull

Response: This shell code 10.1.2 - kubeadm init | You can pass --config to the above commands with a kubeadm configuration file to control the kubernetesVersion and imageRepository fields.

Context: 10.1.2 - kubeadm init | You can pass --config to the above commands with a kubeadm configuration file to control the kubernetesVersion and imageRepository fields.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs --config=SOME_YAML_FILE

Response: This shell code 10.1.2 - kubeadm init | If a predefined certificate key is not passed to kubeadm init and kubeadm init phase upload-certs a new key will be generated automatically.

Context: 10.1.2 - kubeadm init | If a predefined certificate key is not passed to kubeadm init and kubeadm init phase upload-certs a new key will be generated automatically.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

preflight              Run join pre-flight checks
control-plane-prepare  Prepare the machine for serving a control plane
  /download-certs        Download certificates shared among control-plane nodes from the kubeadm-certs Secret
  /certs                 Generate the certificates for the new control plane components
  /kubeconfig            Generate the kubeconfig for the new control plane components

Response:
  /control-plane         Generate the manifests for the new control plane components
kubelet-start          Write kubelet settings, certificates and (re)start the kubelet
control-plane-join     Join a machine as a control plane instance
  /etcd                  Add a new local etcd member
  /mark-control-plane    Mark a node as a control-plane
wait-control-plane     Wait for the control plane to start

Context: 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

preflight              Run join pre-flight checks
control-plane-prepare  Prepare the machine for serving a control plane
  /download-certs        Download certificates shared among control-plane nodes from the kubeadm-certs Secret
  /certs                 Generate the certificates for the new control plane components
  /kubeconfig            Generate the kubeconfig for the new control plane components
  /control-plane         Generate the manifests for the new control plane components
kubelet-start          Write kubelet settings, certificates and (re)start the kubelet
control-plane-join     Join a machine as a control plane instance
  /etcd                  Add a new local etcd member
  /mark-control-plane    Mark a node as a control-plane
wait-control-plane     Wait for the control plane to start

Response: This text code 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | If the node should host a new control plane instance, the IP address the API Server will advertise it's listening on. If not set the default network interface will be used.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

sudo kubeadm join --skip-phases=preflight --config=config.yaml

Response: This shell code 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | Alternatively, you can use the skipPhases field in JoinConfiguration.

Context: 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | Alternatively, you can use the skipPhases field in JoinConfiguration.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'

Response: This shell code 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | Example kubeadm join commands:

Context: 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | Example kubeadm join commands:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubeadm join --discovery-token abcdef.1234567890abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1234..cdef 1.2.3.4:6443

Response: This shell code 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | For control-plane nodes:

Context: 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | For control-plane nodes:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubeadm join --discovery-token abcdef.1234567890abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1234..cdef --control-plane 1.2.3.4:6443

Response: This shell code 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | You can also call join for a control-plane node with --certificate-key to copy certificates to this node, if the kubeadm init command was called with --upload-certs.

Context: 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | You can also call join for a control-plane node with --certificate-key to copy certificates to this node, if the kubeadm init command was called with --upload-certs.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubeadm join --token abcdef.1234567890abcdef --discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification 1.2.3.4:6443

Response: This shell code 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | Advantages:

Context: 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | Advantages:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm join --discovery-file https://url/file.conf

Response: This text code 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | Advantages:

Context: 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | Advantages:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm kubeconfig user --org system:nodes --client-name system:node:$NODE > kubelet.conf

Response: This text code 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | If your cluster does not have the ca.key file, you must sign the embedded certificates in the kubelet.conf externally. For additional information, see PKI certificates and requirements and Certificate

Context: 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | If your cluster does not have the ca.key file, you must sign the embedded certificates in the kubelet.conf externally. For additional information, see PKI certificates and requirements and Certificate


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

--ignore-preflight-errors=FileAvailable--etc-kubernetes-kubelet.conf

Response: This text code 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | The defaults for kubeadm may not work for everyone. This section documents how to tighten up a kubeadm installation at the cost of some usability.

Context: 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | The defaults for kubeadm may not work for everyone. This section documents how to tighten up a kubeadm installation at the cost of some usability.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl delete clusterrolebinding kubeadm:node-autoapprove-bootstrap

Response: This shell code 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | After that, kubeadm join will block until the admin has manually approved the CSR in flight:

Context: 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | After that, kubeadm join will block until the admin has manually approved the CSR in flight:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                                                   AGE       REQUESTOR                 CONDITION
node-csr-c69HXe7aYcqkS1bKmH4faEnHAWxn6i2bHZ2mD04jZyQ   18s       system:bootstrap:878f07   Pending

Response: This text code 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | kubectl certificate approve allows the admin to approve CSR.This action tells a certificate signing controller to issue a certificate to the requestor with the attributes requested in the CSR.

Context: 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | kubectl certificate approve allows the admin to approve CSR.This action tells a certificate signing controller to issue a certificate to the requestor with the attributes requested in the CSR.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl certificate approve node-csr-c69HXe7aYcqkS1bKmH4faEnHAWxn6i2bHZ2mD04jZyQ

Response: This shell code 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | The output is similar to this:

Context: 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

certificatesigningrequest "node-csr-c69HXe7aYcqkS1bKmH4faEnHAWxn6i2bHZ2mD04jZyQ" approved

Response: This text code 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | This would change the CSR resource to Active state.

Context: 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | This would change the CSR resource to Active state.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                                                   AGE       REQUESTOR                 CONDITION
node-csr-c69HXe7aYcqkS1bKmH4faEnHAWxn6i2bHZ2mD04jZyQ   1m        system:bootstrap:878f07   Approved,Issued

Response: This text code 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | This forces the workflow that kubeadm join will only succeed if kubectl certificate approve has been run.

Context: 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | This forces the workflow that kubeadm join will only succeed if kubectl certificate approve has been run.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl -n kube-public get cm cluster-info -o jsonpath='{.data.kubeconfig}' | tee cluster-info.yaml

Response: This shell code 10.1.3 - kubeadm join | The output is similar to this: