Prompt:
Explain this text code:

KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf KUBE_EDITOR=nano kubectl edit <parameters>

Response: This text code Reconfiguring a kubeadm cluster | During cluster creation and upgrade, kubeadm writes its ClusterConfiguration in a ConfigMap called kubeadm-config in the kube-system namespace.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubeadm init phase certs <component-name> --config <config-file>

Response: This shell code Reconfiguring a kubeadm cluster | To write new manifest files in /etc/kubernetes/manifests you can use:

Context: Reconfiguring a kubeadm cluster | To write new manifest files in /etc/kubernetes/manifests you can use:


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

# For Kubernetes control plane components
kubeadm init phase control-plane <component-name> --config <config-file>

Response:
# For local etcd
kubeadm init phase etcd local --config <config-file>

Context: Reconfiguring a kubeadm cluster | The <config-file> contents must match the updated ClusterConfiguration. The <component-name> value must be a name of a Kubernetes control plane component (apiserver, controller-manager or scheduler).


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# For Kubernetes control plane components
kubeadm init phase control-plane <component-name> --config <config-file>
# For local etcd
kubeadm init phase etcd local --config <config-file>

Response: This shell code Reconfiguring a kubeadm cluster | The <config-file> contents must match the updated ClusterConfiguration. The <component-name> value must be a name of a Kubernetes control plane component (apiserver, controller-manager or scheduler).


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl delete po -n kube-system -l k8s-app=kube-proxy

Response: This shell code Reconfiguring a kubeadm cluster | New Pods that use the updated ConfigMap will be created.

Context: Reconfiguring a kubeadm cluster | New Pods that use the updated ConfigMap will be created.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl edit deployment -n kube-system coredns
kubectl edit service -n kube-system kube-dns

Response: This shell code Reconfiguring a kubeadm cluster | Once the CoreDNS changes are applied you can restart the CoreDNS deployment:

Context: Reconfiguring a kubeadm cluster | Once the CoreDNS changes are applied you can restart the CoreDNS deployment:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl rollout restart deployment -n kube-system coredns

Response: This shell code Reconfiguring a kubeadm cluster | During the execution of kubeadm upgrade on a managed node, kubeadm might overwrite configuration that was applied after the cluster was created (reconfiguration).

Context: Reconfiguring a kubeadm cluster | During the execution of kubeadm upgrade on a managed node, kubeadm might overwrite configuration that was applied after the cluster was created (reconfiguration).


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl patch no <node-name> --patch-file <patch-file>

Response: This shell code Reconfiguring a kubeadm cluster | The main source of control plane configuration is the ClusterConfiguration object stored in the cluster. To extend the static Pod manifests configuration, patches can be used.

Context: Reconfiguring a kubeadm cluster | The main source of control plane configuration is the ClusterConfiguration object stored in the cluster. To extend the static Pod manifests configuration, patches can be used.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm init phase certs <component-name> --config <config-file>

Response: This text code Reconfiguring a kubeadm cluster | To write new manifest files in /etc/kubernetes/manifests you can use:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# For Kubernetes control plane components
kubeadm init phase control-plane <component-name> --config <config-file>

Response:
# For local etcd
kubeadm init phase etcd local --config <config-file>


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# For Kubernetes control plane components
kubeadm init phase control-plane <component-name> --config <config-file>
# For local etcd
kubeadm init phase etcd local --config <config-file>

Response: This text code Reconfiguring a kubeadm cluster | The <config-file> contents must match the updated ClusterConfiguration. The <component-name> value must be a name of a Kubernetes control plane component (apiserver, controller-manager or scheduler).


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl delete po -n kube-system -l k8s-app=kube-proxy

Response: This bash code Reconfiguring a kubeadm cluster | New Pods that use the updated ConfigMap will be created.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl edit deployment -n kube-system coredns
kubectl edit service -n kube-system kube-dns

Response: This bash code Reconfiguring a kubeadm cluster | Once the CoreDNS changes are applied you can restart the CoreDNS deployment:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl rollout restart deployment -n kube-system coredns

Response: This bash code Reconfiguring a kubeadm cluster | During the execution of kubeadm upgrade on a managed node, kubeadm might overwrite configuration that was applied after the cluster was created (reconfiguration).


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl patch no <node-name> --patch-file <patch-file>

Response: This bash code Reconfiguring a kubeadm cluster | The main source of control plane configuration is the ClusterConfiguration object stored in the cluster. To extend the static Pod manifests configuration, patches can be used.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: LimitRange
metadata:
  name: mem-limit-range
spec:

Response:
  limits:
  - default:
      memory: 512Mi
    defaultRequest:
      memory: 256Mi
    type: Container

Context: Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Create the LimitRange in the default-mem-example namespace:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: LimitRange
metadata:
  name: mem-limit-range
spec:
  limits:
  - default:
      memory: 512Mi
    defaultRequest:
      memory: 256Mi
    type: Container

Response: This yaml code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Create the LimitRange in the default-mem-example namespace:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/admin/resource/memory-defaults.yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This bash code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Now if you create a Pod in the default-mem-example namespace, and any container within that Pod does not specify its own values for memory request and memory limit, then the control plane applies defa

Context: Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Now if you create a Pod in the default-mem-example namespace, and any container within that Pod does not specify its own values for memory request and memory limit, then the control plane applies defa


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo

Response:
spec:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-ctr
    image: nginx

Context: Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Create the Pod.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo
spec:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-ctr
    image: nginx

Response: This yaml code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Create the Pod.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/admin/resource/memory-defaults-pod.yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This bash code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | View detailed information about the Pod:

Context: Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | View detailed information about the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod default-mem-demo --output=yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This bash code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | The output shows that the Pod's container has a memory request of 256 MiB and a memory limit of 512 MiB. These are the default values specified by the LimitRange.

Context: Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | The output shows that the Pod's container has a memory request of 256 MiB and a memory limit of 512 MiB. These are the default values specified by the LimitRange.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

containers:
- image: nginx
  imagePullPolicy: Always
  name: default-mem-demo-ctr

Response:
  resources:
    limits:
      memory: 512Mi
    requests:
      memory: 256Mi

Context: Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Delete your Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

containers:
- image: nginx
  imagePullPolicy: Always
  name: default-mem-demo-ctr
  resources:
    limits:
      memory: 512Mi
    requests:
      memory: 256Mi

Response: This text code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Delete your Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl delete pod default-mem-demo --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This bash code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Here's a manifest for a Pod that has one container. The container specifies a memory limit, but not a request:

Context: Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Here's a manifest for a Pod that has one container. The container specifies a memory limit, but not a request:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo-2
spec:

Response:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-2-ctr
    image: nginx
    resources:
      limits:
        memory: "1Gi"

Context: Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo-2
spec:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-2-ctr
    image: nginx
    resources:
      limits:
        memory: "1Gi"

Response: This yaml code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/admin/resource/memory-defaults-pod-2.yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This bash code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | View detailed information about the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod default-mem-demo-2 --output=yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This bash code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | The output shows that the container's memory request is set to match its memory limit. Notice that the container was not assigned the default memory request value of 256Mi.

Context: Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | The output shows that the container's memory request is set to match its memory limit. Notice that the container was not assigned the default memory request value of 256Mi.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

resources:
  limits:

Response:
    memory: 1Gi
  requests:
    memory: 1Gi

Context: Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Here's a manifest for a Pod that has one container. The container specifies a memory request, but not a limit:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

resources:
  limits:
    memory: 1Gi
  requests:
    memory: 1Gi

Response: This text code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Here's a manifest for a Pod that has one container. The container specifies a memory request, but not a limit:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo-3
spec:

Response:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-3-ctr
    image: nginx
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "128Mi"


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo-3
spec:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-3-ctr
    image: nginx
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "128Mi"

Response: This yaml code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/admin/resource/memory-defaults-pod-3.yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This bash code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | View the Pod's specification:

Context: Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | View the Pod's specification:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod default-mem-demo-3 --output=yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This bash code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | The output shows that the container's memory request is set to the value specified in the container's manifest. The container is limited to use no more than 512MiB of memory, which matches the default

Context: Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | The output shows that the container's memory request is set to the value specified in the container's manifest. The container is limited to use no more than 512MiB of memory, which matches the default


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

resources:
  limits:

Response:
    memory: 512Mi
  requests:
    memory: 128Mi

Context: Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | If your namespace has a memory resource quota configured, it is helpful to have a default value in place for memory limit. Here are three of the restrictions that a resource quota imposes on a namespa


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

resources:
  limits:
    memory: 512Mi
  requests:
    memory: 128Mi

Response: This text code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | If your namespace has a memory resource quota configured, it is helpful to have a default value in place for memory limit. Here are three of the restrictions that a resource quota imposes on a namespa


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: LimitRange
metadata:
  name: mem-limit-range
spec:

Response:
  limits:
  - default:
      memory: 512Mi
    defaultRequest:
      memory: 256Mi
    type: Container


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: LimitRange
metadata:
  name: mem-limit-range
spec:
  limits:
  - default:
      memory: 512Mi
    defaultRequest:
      memory: 256Mi
    type: Container

Response: This yaml code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Create the LimitRange in the default-mem-example namespace:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/admin/resource/memory-defaults.yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This shell code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Now if you create a Pod in the default-mem-example namespace, and any container within that Pod does not specify its own values for memory request and memory limit, then the control plane applies defa


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo

Response:
spec:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-ctr
    image: nginx


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo
spec:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-ctr
    image: nginx

Response: This yaml code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Create the Pod.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/admin/resource/memory-defaults-pod.yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This shell code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | View detailed information about the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pod default-mem-demo --output=yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This shell code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | The output shows that the Pod's container has a memory request of 256 MiB and a memory limit of 512 MiB. These are the default values specified by the LimitRange.


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

containers:
- image: nginx
  imagePullPolicy: Always
  name: default-mem-demo-ctr

Response:
  resources:
    limits:
      memory: 512Mi
    requests:
      memory: 256Mi


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

containers:
- image: nginx
  imagePullPolicy: Always
  name: default-mem-demo-ctr
  resources:
    limits:
      memory: 512Mi
    requests:
      memory: 256Mi

Response: This shell code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Delete your Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl delete pod default-mem-demo --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This shell code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Here's a manifest for a Pod that has one container. The container specifies a memory limit, but not a request:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo-2
spec:

Response:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-2-ctr
    image: nginx
    resources:
      limits:
        memory: "1Gi"


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo-2
spec:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-2-ctr
    image: nginx
    resources:
      limits:
        memory: "1Gi"

Response: This yaml code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/admin/resource/memory-defaults-pod-2.yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This shell code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | View detailed information about the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pod default-mem-demo-2 --output=yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This shell code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | The output shows that the container's memory request is set to match its memory limit. Notice that the container was not assigned the default memory request value of 256Mi.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

resources:
  limits:

Response:
    memory: 1Gi
  requests:
    memory: 1Gi


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

resources:
  limits:
    memory: 1Gi
  requests:
    memory: 1Gi

Response: This text code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Here's a manifest for a Pod that has one container. The container specifies a memory request, but not a limit:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo-3
spec:

Response:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-3-ctr
    image: nginx
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "128Mi"


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo-3
spec:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-3-ctr
    image: nginx
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "128Mi"

Response: This yaml code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/admin/resource/memory-defaults-pod-3.yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This shell code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | View the Pod's specification:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pod default-mem-demo-3 --output=yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This shell code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | The output shows that the container's memory request is set to the value specified in the container's manifest. The container is limited to use no more than 512MiB of memory, which matches the default


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

resources:
  limits:

Response:
    memory: 512Mi
  requests:
    memory: 128Mi


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

resources:
  limits:
    memory: 512Mi
  requests:
    memory: 128Mi

Response: This text code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | If your namespace has a memory resource quota configured, it is helpful to have a default value in place for memory limit. Here are three of the restrictions that a resource quota imposes on a namespa


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

admin/resource/memory-defaults.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: LimitRange
metadata:
  name: mem-limit-range
spec:

Response:
  limits:
  - default:
      memory: 512Mi
    defaultRequest:
      memory: 256Mi
    type: Container


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

admin/resource/memory-defaults.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: LimitRange
metadata:
  name: mem-limit-range
spec:
  limits:
  - default:
      memory: 512Mi
    defaultRequest:
      memory: 256Mi
    type: Container

Response: This yaml code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Create the LimitRange in the default-mem-example namespace:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: LimitRange
metadata:
  name: mem-limit-range
spec:

Response:
  limits:
  - default:
      memory: 512Mi
    defaultRequest:
      memory: 256Mi
    type: Container


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: LimitRange
metadata:
  name: mem-limit-range
spec:
  limits:
  - default:
      memory: 512Mi
    defaultRequest:
      memory: 256Mi
    type: Container

Response: This yaml code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Create the LimitRange in the default-mem-example namespace:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/admin/resource/memory-defaults.yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This bash code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Now if you create a Pod in the default-mem-example namespace, and any container within that Pod does not specify its own values for memory request and memory limit, then the control plane applies defa


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

admin/resource/memory-defaults-pod.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:

Response:
  name: default-mem-demo
spec:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-ctr
    image: nginx


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

admin/resource/memory-defaults-pod.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo
spec:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-ctr
    image: nginx

Response: This yaml code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Create the Pod.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo

Response:
spec:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-ctr
    image: nginx


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo
spec:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-ctr
    image: nginx

Response: This yaml code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Create the Pod.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/admin/resource/memory-defaults-pod.yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This bash code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | View detailed information about the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod default-mem-demo --output=yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This bash code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | The output shows that the Pod's container has a memory request of 256 MiB and a memory limit of 512 MiB. These are the default values specified by the LimitRange.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

containers:
- image: nginx
  imagePullPolicy: Always
  name: default-mem-demo-ctr

Response:
  resources:
    limits:
      memory: 512Mi
    requests:
      memory: 256Mi


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

containers:
- image: nginx
  imagePullPolicy: Always
  name: default-mem-demo-ctr
  resources:
    limits:
      memory: 512Mi
    requests:
      memory: 256Mi

Response: This text code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Delete your Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl delete pod default-mem-demo --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This bash code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Here's a manifest for a Pod that has one container. The container specifies a memory limit, but not a request:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

admin/resource/memory-defaults-pod-2.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo-2
spec:

Response:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-2-ctr
    image: nginx
    resources:
      limits:
        memory: "1Gi"


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

admin/resource/memory-defaults-pod-2.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo-2
spec:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-2-ctr
    image: nginx
    resources:
      limits:
        memory: "1Gi"

Response: This yaml code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo-2
spec:

Response:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-2-ctr
    image: nginx
    resources:
      limits:
        memory: "1Gi"


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo-2
spec:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-2-ctr
    image: nginx
    resources:
      limits:
        memory: "1Gi"

Response: This yaml code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/admin/resource/memory-defaults-pod-2.yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This bash code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | View detailed information about the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod default-mem-demo-2 --output=yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This bash code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | The output shows that the container's memory request is set to match its memory limit. Notice that the container was not assigned the default memory request value of 256Mi.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

admin/resource/memory-defaults-pod-3.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo-3
spec:

Response:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-3-ctr
    image: nginx
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "128Mi"


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

admin/resource/memory-defaults-pod-3.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo-3
spec:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-3-ctr
    image: nginx
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "128Mi"

Response: This yaml code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo-3
spec:

Response:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-3-ctr
    image: nginx
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "128Mi"


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: default-mem-demo-3
spec:
  containers:
  - name: default-mem-demo-3-ctr
    image: nginx
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "128Mi"

Response: This yaml code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/admin/resource/memory-defaults-pod-3.yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This bash code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | View the Pod's specification:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod default-mem-demo-3 --output=yaml --namespace=default-mem-example

Response: This bash code Configure Default Memory Requests and Limits for a Namespace | The output shows that the container's memory request is set to the value specified in the container's manifest. The container is limited to use no more than 512MiB of memory, which matches the default


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Delete the minikube cluster
  kubectl config delete-cluster minikube

Response: This text code kubectl config delete-cluster | help for delete-cluster

Context: kubectl config delete-cluster | help for delete-cluster


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Delete the minikube cluster
  kubectl config delete-cluster minikube

Response: This text code kubectl config delete-cluster | help for delete-cluster


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-ctr

Response:
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "100Mi"
      limits:
        memory: "200Mi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "150M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The args section in the configuration file provides arguments for the Container when it starts. The "--vm-bytes", "150M" arguments tell the Container to attempt to allocate 150 MiB of memory.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-ctr
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "100Mi"
      limits:
        memory: "200Mi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "150M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Response: This yaml code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The args section in the configuration file provides arguments for the Container when it starts. The "--vm-bytes", "150M" arguments tell the Container to attempt to allocate 150 MiB of memory.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/memory-request-limit.yaml --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Verify that the Pod Container is running:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Verify that the Pod Container is running:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo --output=yaml --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the one Container in the Pod has a memory request of 100 MiB and a memory limit of 200 MiB.

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the one Container in the Pod has a memory request of 100 MiB and a memory limit of 200 MiB.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

...
resources:
  requests:

Response:
    memory: 100Mi
  limits:
    memory: 200Mi
...

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Run kubectl top to fetch the metrics for the pod:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

...
resources:
  requests:
    memory: 100Mi
  limits:
    memory: 200Mi
...

Response: This text code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Run kubectl top to fetch the metrics for the pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl top pod memory-demo --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Pod is using about 162,900,000 bytes of memory, which is about 150 MiB. This is greater than the Pod's 100 MiB request, but within the Pod's 200 MiB limit.

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Pod is using about 162,900,000 bytes of memory, which is about 150 MiB. This is greater than the Pod's 100 MiB request, but within the Pod's 200 MiB limit.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                        CPU(cores)   MEMORY(bytes)
memory-demo                 <something>  162856960

Response: This text code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Delete your Pod:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Delete your Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl delete pod memory-demo --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | A Container can exceed its memory request if the Node has memory available. But a Container is not allowed to use more than its memory limit. If a Container allocates more memory than its limit, the C

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | A Container can exceed its memory request if the Node has memory available. But a Container is not allowed to use more than its memory limit. If a Container allocates more memory than its limit, the C


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo-2
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-2-ctr

Response:
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "50Mi"
      limits:
        memory: "100Mi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "250M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | In the args section of the configuration file, you can see that the Container will attempt to allocate 250 MiB of memory, which is well above the 100 MiB limit.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo-2
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-2-ctr
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "50Mi"
      limits:
        memory: "100Mi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "250M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Response: This yaml code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | In the args section of the configuration file, you can see that the Container will attempt to allocate 250 MiB of memory, which is well above the 100 MiB limit.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/memory-request-limit-2.yaml --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | At this point, the Container might be running or killed. Repeat the preceding command until the Container is killed:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | At this point, the Container might be running or killed. Repeat the preceding command until the Container is killed:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME            READY     STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
memory-demo-2   0/1       OOMKilled   1          24s

Response: This text code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Get a more detailed view of the Container status:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Get a more detailed view of the Container status:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-2 --output=yaml --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container was killed because it is out of memory (OOM):

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container was killed because it is out of memory (OOM):


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

lastState:
   terminated:
     containerID: 65183c1877aaec2e8427bc95609cc52677a454b56fcb24340dbd22917c23b10f

Response:
     exitCode: 137
     finishedAt: 2017-06-20T20:52:19Z
     reason: OOMKilled
     startedAt: null

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The Container in this exercise can be restarted, so the kubelet restarts it. Repeat this command several times to see that the Container is repeatedly killed and restarted:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

lastState:
   terminated:
     containerID: 65183c1877aaec2e8427bc95609cc52677a454b56fcb24340dbd22917c23b10f
     exitCode: 137
     finishedAt: 2017-06-20T20:52:19Z
     reason: OOMKilled
     startedAt: null

Response: This text code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The Container in this exercise can be restarted, so the kubelet restarts it. Repeat this command several times to see that the Container is repeatedly killed and restarted:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container is killed, restarted, killed again, restarted again, and so on:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container is killed, restarted, killed again, restarted again, and so on:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example
NAME            READY     STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
memory-demo-2   0/1       OOMKilled   1          37s

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod history:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod history:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example
NAME            READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
memory-demo-2   1/1       Running   2          40s

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod history:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl describe pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container starts and fails repeatedly:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container starts and fails repeatedly:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

... Normal  Created   Created container with id 66a3a20aa7980e61be4922780bf9d24d1a1d8b7395c09861225b0eba1b1f8511
... Warning BackOff   Back-off restarting failed container

Response: This text code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about your cluster's Nodes:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about your cluster's Nodes:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Warning OOMKilling Memory cgroup out of memory: Kill process 4481 (stress) score 1994 or sacrifice child

Response: This text code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Delete your Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl delete pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Memory requests and limits are associated with Containers, but it is useful to think of a Pod as having a memory request and limit. The memory request for the Pod is the sum of the memory requests for

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Memory requests and limits are associated with Containers, but it is useful to think of a Pod as having a memory request and limit. The memory request for the Pod is the sum of the memory requests for


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo-3
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-3-ctr

Response:
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "1000Gi"
      limits:
        memory: "1000Gi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "150M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo-3
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-3-ctr
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "1000Gi"
      limits:
        memory: "1000Gi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "150M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Response: This yaml code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/memory-request-limit-3.yaml --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View the Pod status:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View the Pod status:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-3 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Pod status is PENDING. That is, the Pod is not scheduled to run on any Node, and it will remain in the PENDING state indefinitely:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Pod status is PENDING. That is, the Pod is not scheduled to run on any Node, and it will remain in the PENDING state indefinitely:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-3 --namespace=mem-example
NAME            READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
memory-demo-3   0/1       Pending   0          25s

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod, including events:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod, including events:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl describe pod memory-demo-3 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container cannot be scheduled because of insufficient memory on the Nodes:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container cannot be scheduled because of insufficient memory on the Nodes:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Events:
  ...  Reason            Message

Response:
       ------            -------
  ...  FailedScheduling  No nodes are available that match all of the following predicates:: Insufficient memory (3).

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The memory resource is measured in bytes. You can express memory as a plain integer or a fixed-point integer with one of these suffixes: E, P, T, G, M, K, Ei, Pi, Ti, Gi, Mi, Ki. For example, the foll


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Events:
  ...  Reason            Message
       ------            -------
  ...  FailedScheduling  No nodes are available that match all of the following predicates:: Insufficient memory (3).

Response: This text code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The memory resource is measured in bytes. You can express memory as a plain integer or a fixed-point integer with one of these suffixes: E, P, T, G, M, K, Ei, Pi, Ti, Gi, Mi, Ki. For example, the foll


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl delete pod memory-demo-3 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | If you do not specify a memory limit for a Container, one of the following situations applies:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | If you do not specify a memory limit for a Container, one of the following situations applies:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-ctr

Response:
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "100Mi"
      limits:
        memory: "200Mi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "150M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The args section in the configuration file provides arguments for the Container when it starts. The "--vm-bytes", "150M" arguments tell the Container to attempt to allocate 150 MiB of memory.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-ctr
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "100Mi"
      limits:
        memory: "200Mi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "150M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Response: This yaml code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The args section in the configuration file provides arguments for the Container when it starts. The "--vm-bytes", "150M" arguments tell the Container to attempt to allocate 150 MiB of memory.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/memory-request-limit.yaml --namespace=mem-example

Response: This shell code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Verify that the Pod Container is running:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Verify that the Pod Container is running:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo --namespace=mem-example

Response: This shell code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo --output=yaml --namespace=mem-example

Response: This shell code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the one Container in the Pod has a memory request of 100 MiB and a memory limit of 200 MiB.

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the one Container in the Pod has a memory request of 100 MiB and a memory limit of 200 MiB.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

...
resources:
  requests:

Response:
    memory: 100Mi
  limits:
    memory: 200Mi
...

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Run kubectl top to fetch the metrics for the pod:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

...
resources:
  requests:
    memory: 100Mi
  limits:
    memory: 200Mi
...

Response: This yaml code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Run kubectl top to fetch the metrics for the pod:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl top pod memory-demo --namespace=mem-example

Response: This shell code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Pod is using about 162,900,000 bytes of memory, which is about 150 MiB. This is greater than the Pod's 100 MiB request, but within the Pod's 200 MiB limit.

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Pod is using about 162,900,000 bytes of memory, which is about 150 MiB. This is greater than the Pod's 100 MiB request, but within the Pod's 200 MiB limit.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                        CPU(cores)   MEMORY(bytes)
memory-demo                 <something>  162856960

Response: This text code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Delete your Pod:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Delete your Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl delete pod memory-demo --namespace=mem-example

Response: This shell code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | A Container can exceed its memory request if the Node has memory available. But a Container is not allowed to use more than its memory limit. If a Container allocates more memory than its limit, the C

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | A Container can exceed its memory request if the Node has memory available. But a Container is not allowed to use more than its memory limit. If a Container allocates more memory than its limit, the C


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo-2
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-2-ctr

Response:
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "50Mi"
      limits:
        memory: "100Mi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "250M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | In the args section of the configuration file, you can see that the Container will attempt to allocate 250 MiB of memory, which is well above the 100 MiB limit.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo-2
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-2-ctr
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "50Mi"
      limits:
        memory: "100Mi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "250M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Response: This yaml code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | In the args section of the configuration file, you can see that the Container will attempt to allocate 250 MiB of memory, which is well above the 100 MiB limit.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/memory-request-limit-2.yaml --namespace=mem-example

Response: This shell code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This shell code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | At this point, the Container might be running or killed. Repeat the preceding command until the Container is killed:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | At this point, the Container might be running or killed. Repeat the preceding command until the Container is killed:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

NAME            READY     STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
memory-demo-2   0/1       OOMKilled   1          24s

Response: This shell code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Get a more detailed view of the Container status:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Get a more detailed view of the Container status:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-2 --output=yaml --namespace=mem-example

Response: This shell code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container was killed because it is out of memory (OOM):

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container was killed because it is out of memory (OOM):


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

lastState:
   terminated:
     containerID: 65183c1877aaec2e8427bc95609cc52677a454b56fcb24340dbd22917c23b10f

Response:
     exitCode: 137
     finishedAt: 2017-06-20T20:52:19Z
     reason: OOMKilled
     startedAt: null

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The Container in this exercise can be restarted, so the kubelet restarts it. Repeat this command several times to see that the Container is repeatedly killed and restarted:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

lastState:
   terminated:
     containerID: 65183c1877aaec2e8427bc95609cc52677a454b56fcb24340dbd22917c23b10f
     exitCode: 137
     finishedAt: 2017-06-20T20:52:19Z
     reason: OOMKilled
     startedAt: null

Response: This yaml code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The Container in this exercise can be restarted, so the kubelet restarts it. Repeat this command several times to see that the Container is repeatedly killed and restarted:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This shell code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container is killed, restarted, killed again, restarted again, and so on:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container is killed, restarted, killed again, restarted again, and so on:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example
NAME            READY     STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
memory-demo-2   0/1       OOMKilled   1          37s

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod history:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod history:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example
NAME            READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
memory-demo-2   1/1       Running   2          40s

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod history:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl describe pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container starts and fails repeatedly:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container starts and fails repeatedly:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

... Normal  Created   Created container with id 66a3a20aa7980e61be4922780bf9d24d1a1d8b7395c09861225b0eba1b1f8511
... Warning BackOff   Back-off restarting failed container

Response: This text code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about your cluster's Nodes:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about your cluster's Nodes:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Warning OOMKilling Memory cgroup out of memory: Kill process 4481 (stress) score 1994 or sacrifice child

Response: This text code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Delete your Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl delete pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This shell code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Memory requests and limits are associated with Containers, but it is useful to think of a Pod as having a memory request and limit. The memory request for the Pod is the sum of the memory requests for

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Memory requests and limits are associated with Containers, but it is useful to think of a Pod as having a memory request and limit. The memory request for the Pod is the sum of the memory requests for


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo-3
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-3-ctr

Response:
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "1000Gi"
      limits:
        memory: "1000Gi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "150M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo-3
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-3-ctr
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "1000Gi"
      limits:
        memory: "1000Gi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "150M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Response: This yaml code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/memory-request-limit-3.yaml --namespace=mem-example

Response: This shell code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View the Pod status:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View the Pod status:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-3 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This shell code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Pod status is PENDING. That is, the Pod is not scheduled to run on any Node, and it will remain in the PENDING state indefinitely:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Pod status is PENDING. That is, the Pod is not scheduled to run on any Node, and it will remain in the PENDING state indefinitely:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-3 --namespace=mem-example
NAME            READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
memory-demo-3   0/1       Pending   0          25s

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod, including events:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod, including events:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl describe pod memory-demo-3 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This shell code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container cannot be scheduled because of insufficient memory on the Nodes:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container cannot be scheduled because of insufficient memory on the Nodes:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Events:
  ...  Reason            Message

Response:
       ------            -------
  ...  FailedScheduling  No nodes are available that match all of the following predicates:: Insufficient memory (3).

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The memory resource is measured in bytes. You can express memory as a plain integer or a fixed-point integer with one of these suffixes: E, P, T, G, M, K, Ei, Pi, Ti, Gi, Mi, Ki. For example, the foll


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Events:
  ...  Reason            Message
       ------            -------
  ...  FailedScheduling  No nodes are available that match all of the following predicates:: Insufficient memory (3).

Response: This text code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The memory resource is measured in bytes. You can express memory as a plain integer or a fixed-point integer with one of these suffixes: E, P, T, G, M, K, Ei, Pi, Ti, Gi, Mi, Ki. For example, the foll


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl delete pod memory-demo-3 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This shell code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | If you do not specify a memory limit for a Container, one of the following situations applies:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | If you do not specify a memory limit for a Container, one of the following situations applies:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

pods/resource/memory-request-limit.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:

Response:
  - name: memory-demo-ctr
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "100Mi"
      limits:
        memory: "200Mi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "150M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The args section in the configuration file provides arguments for the Container when it starts. The "--vm-bytes", "150M" arguments tell the Container to attempt to allocate 150 MiB of memory.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

pods/resource/memory-request-limit.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-ctr
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "100Mi"
      limits:
        memory: "200Mi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "150M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Response: This yaml code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The args section in the configuration file provides arguments for the Container when it starts. The "--vm-bytes", "150M" arguments tell the Container to attempt to allocate 150 MiB of memory.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-ctr

Response:
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "100Mi"
      limits:
        memory: "200Mi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "150M", "--vm-hang", "1"]


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-ctr
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "100Mi"
      limits:
        memory: "200Mi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "150M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Response: This yaml code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The args section in the configuration file provides arguments for the Container when it starts. The "--vm-bytes", "150M" arguments tell the Container to attempt to allocate 150 MiB of memory.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/memory-request-limit.yaml --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Verify that the Pod Container is running:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Verify that the Pod Container is running:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo --output=yaml --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the one Container in the Pod has a memory request of 100 MiB and a memory limit of 200 MiB.

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the one Container in the Pod has a memory request of 100 MiB and a memory limit of 200 MiB.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

...
resources:
  requests:

Response:
    memory: 100Mi
  limits:
    memory: 200Mi
...

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Run kubectl top to fetch the metrics for the pod:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

...
resources:
  requests:
    memory: 100Mi
  limits:
    memory: 200Mi
...

Response: This text code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Run kubectl top to fetch the metrics for the pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl top pod memory-demo --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Pod is using about 162,900,000 bytes of memory, which is about 150 MiB. This is greater than the Pod's 100 MiB request, but within the Pod's 200 MiB limit.

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Pod is using about 162,900,000 bytes of memory, which is about 150 MiB. This is greater than the Pod's 100 MiB request, but within the Pod's 200 MiB limit.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl delete pod memory-demo --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | A Container can exceed its memory request if the Node has memory available. But a Container is not allowed to use more than its memory limit. If a Container allocates more memory than its limit, the C

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | A Container can exceed its memory request if the Node has memory available. But a Container is not allowed to use more than its memory limit. If a Container allocates more memory than its limit, the C


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

pods/resource/memory-request-limit-2.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo-2
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:

Response:
  - name: memory-demo-2-ctr
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "50Mi"
      limits:
        memory: "100Mi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "250M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | In the args section of the configuration file, you can see that the Container will attempt to allocate 250 MiB of memory, which is well above the 100 MiB limit.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

pods/resource/memory-request-limit-2.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo-2
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-2-ctr
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "50Mi"
      limits:
        memory: "100Mi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "250M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Response: This yaml code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | In the args section of the configuration file, you can see that the Container will attempt to allocate 250 MiB of memory, which is well above the 100 MiB limit.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo-2
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-2-ctr

Response:
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "50Mi"
      limits:
        memory: "100Mi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "250M", "--vm-hang", "1"]


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo-2
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-2-ctr
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "50Mi"
      limits:
        memory: "100Mi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "250M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Response: This yaml code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | In the args section of the configuration file, you can see that the Container will attempt to allocate 250 MiB of memory, which is well above the 100 MiB limit.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/memory-request-limit-2.yaml --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | At this point, the Container might be running or killed. Repeat the preceding command until the Container is killed:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | At this point, the Container might be running or killed. Repeat the preceding command until the Container is killed:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME            READY     STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
memory-demo-2   0/1       OOMKilled   1          24s

Response: This text code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Get a more detailed view of the Container status:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Get a more detailed view of the Container status:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-2 --output=yaml --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container was killed because it is out of memory (OOM):

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container was killed because it is out of memory (OOM):


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

lastState:
   terminated:
     containerID: 65183c1877aaec2e8427bc95609cc52677a454b56fcb24340dbd22917c23b10f

Response:
     exitCode: 137
     finishedAt: 2017-06-20T20:52:19Z
     reason: OOMKilled
     startedAt: null

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The Container in this exercise can be restarted, so the kubelet restarts it. Repeat this command several times to see that the Container is repeatedly killed and restarted:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

lastState:
   terminated:
     containerID: 65183c1877aaec2e8427bc95609cc52677a454b56fcb24340dbd22917c23b10f
     exitCode: 137
     finishedAt: 2017-06-20T20:52:19Z
     reason: OOMKilled
     startedAt: null

Response: This text code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The Container in this exercise can be restarted, so the kubelet restarts it. Repeat this command several times to see that the Container is repeatedly killed and restarted:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container is killed, restarted, killed again, restarted again, and so on:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container is killed, restarted, killed again, restarted again, and so on:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl delete pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Memory requests and limits are associated with Containers, but it is useful to think of a Pod as having a memory request and limit. The memory request for the Pod is the sum of the memory requests for

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Memory requests and limits are associated with Containers, but it is useful to think of a Pod as having a memory request and limit. The memory request for the Pod is the sum of the memory requests for


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

pods/resource/memory-request-limit-3.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo-3
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:

Response:
  - name: memory-demo-3-ctr
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "1000Gi"
      limits:
        memory: "1000Gi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "150M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

pods/resource/memory-request-limit-3.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo-3
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-3-ctr
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "1000Gi"
      limits:
        memory: "1000Gi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "150M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Response: This yaml code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo-3
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-3-ctr

Response:
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "1000Gi"
      limits:
        memory: "1000Gi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "150M", "--vm-hang", "1"]


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo-3
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-3-ctr
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "1000Gi"
      limits:
        memory: "1000Gi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "150M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Response: This yaml code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/memory-request-limit-3.yaml --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View the Pod status:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View the Pod status:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-3 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Pod status is PENDING. That is, the Pod is not scheduled to run on any Node, and it will remain in the PENDING state indefinitely:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Pod status is PENDING. That is, the Pod is not scheduled to run on any Node, and it will remain in the PENDING state indefinitely:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl describe pod memory-demo-3 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container cannot be scheduled because of insufficient memory on the Nodes:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container cannot be scheduled because of insufficient memory on the Nodes:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl delete pod memory-demo-3 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | If you do not specify a memory limit for a Container, one of the following situations applies:

Context: Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | If you do not specify a memory limit for a Container, one of the following situations applies:


Prompt:
Explain this go code:

func ScoreNode(_ *v1.pod, n *v1.Node) (int, error) {
    return getBlinkingLightCount(n)
}

Response: This go code Scheduling Framework | However, the maximum count of blinking lights may be small compared to NodeScoreMax. To fix this, BlinkingLightScorer should also register for this extension point.

Context: Scheduling Framework | However, the maximum count of blinking lights may be small compared to NodeScoreMax. To fix this, BlinkingLightScorer should also register for this extension point.


Prompt:
Complete this go code:

func NormalizeScores(scores map[string]int) {
    highest := 0
    for _, score := range scores {
        highest = max(highest, score)

Response:
    }
    for node, score := range scores {
        scores[node] = score*NodeScoreMax/highest
    }
}

Context: Scheduling Framework | If any NormalizeScore plugin returns an error, the scheduling cycle is aborted.


Prompt:
Explain this go code:

func NormalizeScores(scores map[string]int) {
    highest := 0
    for _, score := range scores {
        highest = max(highest, score)
    }
    for node, score := range scores {
        scores[node] = score*NodeScoreMax/highest
    }
}

Response: This go code Scheduling Framework | If any NormalizeScore plugin returns an error, the scheduling cycle is aborted.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

type Plugin interface {
    Name() string
}

type QueueSortPlugin interface {
    Plugin
    Less(*v1.pod, *v1.pod) bool

Response:
}

type PreFilterPlugin interface {
    Plugin
    PreFilter(context.Context, *framework.CycleState, *v1.pod) error
}

// ...

Context: Scheduling Framework | You can enable or disable plugins in the scheduler configuration. If you are using Kubernetes v1.18 or later, most scheduling plugins are in use and enabled by default.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

type Plugin interface {
    Name() string
}

type QueueSortPlugin interface {
    Plugin
    Less(*v1.pod, *v1.pod) bool
}

type PreFilterPlugin interface {
    Plugin
    PreFilter(context.Context, *framework.CycleState, *v1.pod) error
}

// ...

Response: This text code Scheduling Framework | You can enable or disable plugins in the scheduler configuration. If you are using Kubernetes v1.18 or later, most scheduling plugins are in use and enabled by default.


Prompt:
Explain this go code:

func ScoreNode(_ *v1.pod, n *v1.Node) (int, error) {
    return getBlinkingLightCount(n)
}

Response: This go code Scheduling Framework | However, the maximum count of blinking lights may be small compared to NodeScoreMax. To fix this, BlinkingLightScorer should also register for this extension point.


Prompt:
Complete this go code:

func NormalizeScores(scores map[string]int) {
    highest := 0
    for _, score := range scores {
        highest = max(highest, score)

Response:
    }
    for node, score := range scores {
        scores[node] = score*NodeScoreMax/highest
    }
}


Prompt:
Explain this go code:

func NormalizeScores(scores map[string]int) {
    highest := 0
    for _, score := range scores {
        highest = max(highest, score)
    }
    for node, score := range scores {
        scores[node] = score*NodeScoreMax/highest
    }
}

Response: This go code Scheduling Framework | If any NormalizeScore plugin returns an error, the scheduling cycle is aborted.


Prompt:
Complete this go code:

type Plugin interface {
    Name() string
}

type QueueSortPlugin interface {
    Plugin
    Less(*v1.pod, *v1.pod) bool

Response:
}

type PreFilterPlugin interface {
    Plugin
    PreFilter(context.Context, *framework.CycleState, *v1.pod) error
}

// ...


Prompt:
Explain this go code:

type Plugin interface {
    Name() string
}

type QueueSortPlugin interface {
    Plugin
    Less(*v1.pod, *v1.pod) bool
}

type PreFilterPlugin interface {
    Plugin
    PreFilter(context.Context, *framework.CycleState, *v1.pod) error
}

// ...

Response: This go code Scheduling Framework | You can enable or disable plugins in the scheduler configuration. If you are using Kubernetes v1.18 or later, most scheduling plugins are in use and enabled by default.


Prompt:
Explain this go code:

func ScoreNode(_ *v1.pod, n *v1.Node) (int, error) {
    return getBlinkingLightCount(n)
}

Response: This go code Scheduling Framework | However, the maximum count of blinking lights may be small compared to NodeScoreMax. To fix this, BlinkingLightScorer should also register for this extension point.


Prompt:
Complete this go code:

func NormalizeScores(scores map[string]int) {
    highest := 0
    for _, score := range scores {
        highest = max(highest, score)

Response:
    }
    for node, score := range scores {
        scores[node] = score*NodeScoreMax/highest
    }
}


Prompt:
Explain this go code:

func NormalizeScores(scores map[string]int) {
    highest := 0
    for _, score := range scores {
        highest = max(highest, score)
    }
    for node, score := range scores {
        scores[node] = score*NodeScoreMax/highest
    }
}

Response: This go code Scheduling Framework | If any NormalizeScore plugin returns an error, the scheduling cycle is aborted.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

type Plugin interface {
    Name() string
}

type QueueSortPlugin interface {
    Plugin
    Less(*v1.pod, *v1.pod) bool

Response:
}

type PreFilterPlugin interface {
    Plugin
    PreFilter(context.Context, *framework.CycleState, *v1.pod) error
}

// ...


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

type Plugin interface {
    Name() string
}

type QueueSortPlugin interface {
    Plugin
    Less(*v1.pod, *v1.pod) bool
}

type PreFilterPlugin interface {
    Plugin
    PreFilter(context.Context, *framework.CycleState, *v1.pod) error
}

// ...

Response: This text code Scheduling Framework | You can enable or disable plugins in the scheduler configuration. If you are using Kubernetes v1.18 or later, most scheduling plugins are in use and enabled by default.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

FOO_SERVICE_HOST=<the host the service is running on>
FOO_SERVICE_PORT=<the port the service is running on>

Response: This text code Container Environment | Services have dedicated IP addresses and are available to the Container via DNS, if DNS addon is enabled.

Context: Container Environment | Services have dedicated IP addresses and are available to the Container via DNS, if DNS addon is enabled.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

FOO_SERVICE_HOST=<the host the service is running on>
FOO_SERVICE_PORT=<the port the service is running on>

Response: This shell code Container Environment | Services have dedicated IP addresses and are available to the Container via DNS, if DNS addon is enabled.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

FOO_SERVICE_HOST=<the host the service is running on>
FOO_SERVICE_PORT=<the port the service is running on>

Response: This text code Container Environment | Services have dedicated IP addresses and are available to the Container via DNS, if DNS addon is enabled.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

"ExceptionList": [
                "10.244.0.0/16",  # Cluster subnet

Response:
                "10.96.0.0/12",   # Service subnet
                "10.127.130.0/24" # Management (host) subnet
            ]

Context: Windows debugging tips | My Windows node cannot access NodePort type Services


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

"ExceptionList": [
                "10.244.0.0/16",  # Cluster subnet
                "10.96.0.0/12",   # Service subnet
                "10.127.130.0/24" # Management (host) subnet
            ]

Response: This text code Windows debugging tips | My Windows node cannot access NodePort type Services


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

C:\k\kube-proxy.exe --hostname-override=$(hostname)

Response: This text code Windows debugging tips | My Windows node cannot access my services using the service IP

Context: Windows debugging tips | My Windows node cannot access my services using the service IP


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Get-HnsNetwork | ? Name -ieq "cbr0"
Get-NetAdapter | ? Name -Like "vEthernet (Ethernet*"

Response: This text code Windows debugging tips | Often it is worthwhile to modify the InterfaceName parameter of the start.ps1 script, in cases where the host's network adapter isn't "Ethernet". Otherwise, consult the output of the start-kubelet.ps1

Context: Windows debugging tips | Often it is worthwhile to modify the InterfaceName parameter of the start.ps1 script, in cases where the host's network adapter isn't "Ethernet". Otherwise, consult the output of the start-kubelet.ps1


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("HTTP_PROXY", "http://proxy.example.com:80/", [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("HTTPS_PROXY", "http://proxy.example.com:443/", [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)

Response: This json code Windows debugging tips | With Flannel, my nodes are having issues after rejoining a cluster

Context: Windows debugging tips | With Flannel, my nodes are having issues after rejoining a cluster


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Remove-Item C:\k\SourceVip.json
Remove-Item C:\k\SourceVipRequest.json

Response: This text code Windows debugging tips | Flanneld is stuck in "Waiting for the Network to be created"

Context: Windows debugging tips | Flanneld is stuck in "Waiting for the Network to be created"


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("NODE_NAME", "<Windows_Worker_Hostname>")
C:\flannel\flanneld.exe --kubeconfig-file=c:\k\config --iface=<Windows_Worker_Node_IP> --ip-masq=1 --kube-subnet-mgr=1

Response: This json code Windows debugging tips | My Windows Pods cannot launch because of missing /run/flannel/subnet.env

Context: Windows debugging tips | My Windows Pods cannot launch because of missing /run/flannel/subnet.env


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

FLANNEL_NETWORK=10.244.0.0/16
FLANNEL_SUBNET=10.244.4.1/24

Response:
FLANNEL_MTU=1500
FLANNEL_IPMASQ=true

Context: Windows debugging tips | If these steps don't resolve your problem, you can get help running Windows containers on Windows nodes in Kubernetes through:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

FLANNEL_NETWORK=10.244.0.0/16
FLANNEL_SUBNET=10.244.4.1/24
FLANNEL_MTU=1500
FLANNEL_IPMASQ=true

Response: This text code Windows debugging tips | If these steps don't resolve your problem, you can get help running Windows containers on Windows nodes in Kubernetes through:


Prompt:
Complete this conf code:

"ExceptionList": [
                "10.244.0.0/16",  # Cluster subnet

Response:
                "10.96.0.0/12",   # Service subnet
                "10.127.130.0/24" # Management (host) subnet
            ]


Prompt:
Explain this conf code:

"ExceptionList": [
                "10.244.0.0/16",  # Cluster subnet
                "10.96.0.0/12",   # Service subnet
                "10.127.130.0/24" # Management (host) subnet
            ]

Response: This conf code Windows debugging tips | My Windows node cannot access NodePort type Services


Prompt:
Explain this powershell code:

C:\k\kube-proxy.exe --hostname-override=$(hostname)

Response: This powershell code Windows debugging tips | My Windows node cannot access my services using the service IP


Prompt:
Explain this powershell code:

Get-HnsNetwork | ? Name -ieq "cbr0"
Get-NetAdapter | ? Name -Like "vEthernet (Ethernet*"

Response: This powershell code Windows debugging tips | Often it is worthwhile to modify the InterfaceName parameter of the start.ps1 script, in cases where the host's network adapter isn't "Ethernet". Otherwise, consult the output of the start-kubelet.ps1


Prompt:
Explain this PowerShell code:

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("HTTP_PROXY", "http://proxy.example.com:80/", [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("HTTPS_PROXY", "http://proxy.example.com:443/", [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)

Response: This PowerShell code Windows debugging tips | With Flannel, my nodes are having issues after rejoining a cluster


Prompt:
Explain this powershell code:

Remove-Item C:\k\SourceVip.json
Remove-Item C:\k\SourceVipRequest.json

Response: This powershell code Windows debugging tips | Flanneld is stuck in "Waiting for the Network to be created"


Prompt:
Explain this powershell code:

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("NODE_NAME", "<Windows_Worker_Hostname>")
C:\flannel\flanneld.exe --kubeconfig-file=c:\k\config --iface=<Windows_Worker_Node_IP> --ip-masq=1 --kube-subnet-mgr=1

Response: This powershell code Windows debugging tips | My Windows Pods cannot launch because of missing /run/flannel/subnet.env


Prompt:
Complete this env code:

FLANNEL_NETWORK=10.244.0.0/16
FLANNEL_SUBNET=10.244.4.1/24

Response:
FLANNEL_MTU=1500
FLANNEL_IPMASQ=true


Prompt:
Explain this env code:

FLANNEL_NETWORK=10.244.0.0/16
FLANNEL_SUBNET=10.244.4.1/24
FLANNEL_MTU=1500
FLANNEL_IPMASQ=true

Response: This env code Windows debugging tips | If these steps don't resolve your problem, you can get help running Windows containers on Windows nodes in Kubernetes through:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

C:\k\kube-proxy.exe --hostname-override=$(hostname)

Response: This text code Windows debugging tips | My Windows node cannot access my services using the service IP


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Get-HnsNetwork | ? Name -ieq "cbr0"
Get-NetAdapter | ? Name -Like "vEthernet (Ethernet*"

Response: This text code Windows debugging tips | Often it is worthwhile to modify the InterfaceName parameter of the start.ps1 script, in cases where the host's network adapter isn't "Ethernet". Otherwise, consult the output of the start-kubelet.ps1


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("HTTP_PROXY", "http://proxy.example.com:80/", [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("HTTPS_PROXY", "http://proxy.example.com:443/", [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)

Response: This json code Windows debugging tips | With Flannel, my nodes are having issues after rejoining a cluster


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Remove-Item C:\k\SourceVip.json
Remove-Item C:\k\SourceVipRequest.json

Response: This text code Windows debugging tips | Flanneld is stuck in "Waiting for the Network to be created"


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("NODE_NAME", "<Windows_Worker_Hostname>")
C:\flannel\flanneld.exe --kubeconfig-file=c:\k\config --iface=<Windows_Worker_Node_IP> --ip-masq=1 --kube-subnet-mgr=1

Response: This json code Windows debugging tips | My Windows Pods cannot launch because of missing /run/flannel/subnet.env


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

FLANNEL_NETWORK=10.244.0.0/16
FLANNEL_SUBNET=10.244.4.1/24

Response:
FLANNEL_MTU=1500
FLANNEL_IPMASQ=true


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

FLANNEL_NETWORK=10.244.0.0/16
FLANNEL_SUBNET=10.244.4.1/24
FLANNEL_MTU=1500
FLANNEL_IPMASQ=true

Response: This text code Windows debugging tips | If these steps don't resolve your problem, you can get help running Windows containers on Windows nodes in Kubernetes through:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

--runtime-config=storage.k8s.io/v1beta1/csistoragecapacities

Response: This text code API Overview | Kubernetes stores its serialized state in terms of the API resources by writing them into etcd.

Context: API Overview | Kubernetes stores its serialized state in terms of the API resources by writing them into etcd.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: AuthorizationConfiguration
authorizers:

Response:
  ...
  - type: RBAC
  ...

Context: Using RBAC Authorization | Or, start the API server with the --authorization-mode flag set to a comma-separated list that includes RBAC; for example:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: AuthorizationConfiguration
authorizers:
  ...
  - type: RBAC
  ...

Response: This yaml code Using RBAC Authorization | Or, start the API server with the --authorization-mode flag set to a comma-separated list that includes RBAC; for example:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kube-apiserver --authorization-mode=...,RBAC --other-options --more-options

Response: This text code Using RBAC Authorization | The RBAC API declares four kinds of Kubernetes object: Role, ClusterRole, RoleBinding and ClusterRoleBinding. You can describe or amend the RBAC objects using tools such as kubectl, just like any othe

Context: Using RBAC Authorization | The RBAC API declares four kinds of Kubernetes object: Role, ClusterRole, RoleBinding and ClusterRoleBinding. You can describe or amend the RBAC objects using tools such as kubectl, just like any othe


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  namespace: default

Response:
  name: pod-reader
rules:
- apiGroups: [""] # "" indicates the core API group
  resources: ["pods"]
  verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]

Context: Using RBAC Authorization | A ClusterRole can be used to grant the same permissions as a Role. Because ClusterRoles are cluster-scoped, you can also use them to grant access to:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  namespace: default
  name: pod-reader
rules:
- apiGroups: [""] # "" indicates the core API group
  resources: ["pods"]
  verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]

Response: This yaml code Using RBAC Authorization | A ClusterRole can be used to grant the same permissions as a Role. Because ClusterRoles are cluster-scoped, you can also use them to grant access to:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  # "namespace" omitted since ClusterRoles are not namespaced
  name: secret-reader
rules:

Response:
- apiGroups: [""]
  #
  # at the HTTP level, the name of the resource for accessing Secret
  # objects is "secrets"
  resources: ["secrets"]
  verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]

Context: Using RBAC Authorization | The name of a Role or a ClusterRole object must be a valid path segment name.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  # "namespace" omitted since ClusterRoles are not namespaced
  name: secret-reader
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  #
  # at the HTTP level, the name of the resource for accessing Secret
  # objects is "secrets"
  resources: ["secrets"]
  verbs: ["get", "watch", "list"]

Response: This yaml code Using RBAC Authorization | The name of a Role or a ClusterRole object must be a valid path segment name.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
# This role binding allows "jane" to read pods in the "default" namespace.
# You need to already have a Role named "pod-reader" in that namespace.
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: read-pods
  namespace: default
subjects:

Response:
# You can specify more than one "subject"
- kind: User
  name: jane # "name" is case sensitive
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
  # "roleRef" specifies the binding to a Role / ClusterRole
  kind: Role #this must be Role or ClusterRole
  name: pod-reader # this must match the name of the Role or ClusterRole you wish to bind to
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

Context: Using RBAC Authorization | A RoleBinding can also reference a ClusterRole to grant the permissions defined in that ClusterRole to resources inside the RoleBinding's namespace. This kind of reference lets you define a set of com


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
# This role binding allows "jane" to read pods in the "default" namespace.
# You need to already have a Role named "pod-reader" in that namespace.
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: read-pods
  namespace: default
subjects:
# You can specify more than one "subject"
- kind: User
  name: jane # "name" is case sensitive
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
  # "roleRef" specifies the binding to a Role / ClusterRole
  kind: Role #this must be Role or ClusterRole
  name: pod-reader # this must match the name of the Role or ClusterRole you wish to bind to
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

Response: This yaml code Using RBAC Authorization | A RoleBinding can also reference a ClusterRole to grant the permissions defined in that ClusterRole to resources inside the RoleBinding's namespace. This kind of reference lets you define a set of com


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
# This role binding allows "dave" to read secrets in the "development" namespace.
# You need to already have a ClusterRole named "secret-reader".
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: read-secrets
  #
  # The namespace of the RoleBinding determines where the permissions are granted.
  # This only grants permissions within the "development" namespace.

Response:
  namespace: development
subjects:
- kind: User
  name: dave # Name is case sensitive
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: secret-reader
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

Context: Using RBAC Authorization | To grant permissions across a whole cluster, you can use a ClusterRoleBinding. The following ClusterRoleBinding allows any user in the group "manager" to read secrets in any namespace.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
# This role binding allows "dave" to read secrets in the "development" namespace.
# You need to already have a ClusterRole named "secret-reader".
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: read-secrets
  #
  # The namespace of the RoleBinding determines where the permissions are granted.
  # This only grants permissions within the "development" namespace.
  namespace: development
subjects:
- kind: User
  name: dave # Name is case sensitive
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: secret-reader
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

Response: This yaml code Using RBAC Authorization | To grant permissions across a whole cluster, you can use a ClusterRoleBinding. The following ClusterRoleBinding allows any user in the group "manager" to read secrets in any namespace.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
# This cluster role binding allows anyone in the "manager" group to read secrets in any namespace.
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: read-secrets-global
subjects:

Response:
- kind: Group
  name: manager # Name is case sensitive
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: secret-reader
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

Context: Using RBAC Authorization | After you create a binding, you cannot change the Role or ClusterRole that it refers to. If you try to change a binding's roleRef, you get a validation error. If you do want to change the roleRef for


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
# This cluster role binding allows anyone in the "manager" group to read secrets in any namespace.
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: read-secrets-global
subjects:
- kind: Group
  name: manager # Name is case sensitive
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: secret-reader
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

Response: This yaml code Using RBAC Authorization | After you create a binding, you cannot change the Role or ClusterRole that it refers to. If you try to change a binding's roleRef, you get a validation error. If you do want to change the roleRef for


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  namespace: default

Response:
  name: pod-and-pod-logs-reader
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["pods", "pods/log"]
  verbs: ["get", "list"]

Context: Using RBAC Authorization | You can also refer to resources by name for certain requests through the resourceNames list. When specified, requests can be restricted to individual instances of a resource. Here is an example that r


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  namespace: default
  name: pod-and-pod-logs-reader
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["pods", "pods/log"]
  verbs: ["get", "list"]

Response: This yaml code Using RBAC Authorization | You can also refer to resources by name for certain requests through the resourceNames list. When specified, requests can be restricted to individual instances of a resource. Here is an example that r


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  namespace: default
  name: configmap-updater
rules:

Response:
- apiGroups: [""]
  #
  # at the HTTP level, the name of the resource for accessing ConfigMap
  # objects is "configmaps"
  resources: ["configmaps"]
  resourceNames: ["my-configmap"]
  verbs: ["update", "get"]

Context: Using RBAC Authorization | Rather than referring to individual resources, apiGroups, and verbs, you can use the wildcard * symbol to refer to all such objects. For nonResourceURLs, you can use the wildcard * as a suffix glob ma


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  namespace: default
  name: configmap-updater
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  #
  # at the HTTP level, the name of the resource for accessing ConfigMap
  # objects is "configmaps"
  resources: ["configmaps"]
  resourceNames: ["my-configmap"]
  verbs: ["update", "get"]

Response: This yaml code Using RBAC Authorization | Rather than referring to individual resources, apiGroups, and verbs, you can use the wildcard * symbol to refer to all such objects. For nonResourceURLs, you can use the wildcard * as a suffix glob ma


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  namespace: default

Response:
  name: example.com-superuser # DO NOT USE THIS ROLE, IT IS JUST AN EXAMPLE
rules:
- apiGroups: ["example.com"]
  resources: ["*"]
  verbs: ["*"]

Context: Using RBAC Authorization | You can aggregate several ClusterRoles into one combined ClusterRole. A controller, running as part of the cluster control plane, watches for ClusterRole objects with an aggregationRule set. The aggre


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  namespace: default
  name: example.com-superuser # DO NOT USE THIS ROLE, IT IS JUST AN EXAMPLE
rules:
- apiGroups: ["example.com"]
  resources: ["*"]
  verbs: ["*"]

Response: This yaml code Using RBAC Authorization | You can aggregate several ClusterRoles into one combined ClusterRole. A controller, running as part of the cluster control plane, watches for ClusterRole objects with an aggregationRule set. The aggre