Prompt:
Explain this none code:

Name:         nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-w6kd7
Namespace:    default
Priority:     0
Node:         kube-worker-1/192.168.0.113
Start Time:   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 16:51:01 -0500
Labels:       app=nginx
              pod-template-hash=67d4bdd6f5
Annotations:  <none>
Status:       Running
IP:           10.88.0.3
IPs:
  IP:           10.88.0.3
  IP:           2001:db8::1
Controlled By:  ReplicaSet/nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5
Containers:
  nginx:
    Container ID:   containerd://5403af59a2b46ee5a23fb0ae4b1e077f7ca5c5fb7af16e1ab21c00e0e616462a
    Image:          nginx
    Image ID:       docker.io/library/nginx@sha256:2834dc507516af02784808c5f48b7cbe38b8ed5d0f4837f16e78d00deb7e7767
    Port:           80/TCP
    Host Port:      0/TCP
    State:          Running
      Started:      Thu, 17 Feb 2022 16:51:05 -0500
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  0
    Limits:
      cpu:     500m
      memory:  128Mi
    Requests:
      cpu:        500m
      memory:     128Mi
    Environment:  <none>
    Mounts:
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-bgsgp (ro)
Conditions:
  Type              Status
  Initialized       True
  Ready             True
  ContainersReady   True
  PodScheduled      True
Volumes:
  kube-api-access-bgsgp:
    Type:                    Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
    TokenExpirationSeconds:  3607
    ConfigMapName:           kube-root-ca.crt
    ConfigMapOptional:       <nil>
    DownwardAPI:             true
QoS Class:                   Guaranteed
Node-Selectors:              <none>
Tolerations:                 node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
                             node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
  Type    Reason     Age   From               Message
  ----    ------     ----  ----               -------
  Normal  Scheduled  34s   default-scheduler  Successfully assigned default/nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-w6kd7 to kube-worker-1
  Normal  Pulling    31s   kubelet            Pulling image "nginx"
  Normal  Pulled     30s   kubelet            Successfully pulled image "nginx" in 1.146417389s
  Normal  Created    30s   kubelet            Created container nginx
  Normal  Started    30s   kubelet            Started container nginx

Response: This none code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Here you can see configuration information about the container(s) and Pod (labels, resource requirements, etc.), as well as status information about the container(s) and Pod (state, readiness, restart


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

NAME                                READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-1006230814-6winp   1/1       Running   0          7m
nginx-deployment-1006230814-fmgu3   1/1       Running   0          7m

Response:
nginx-deployment-1370807587-6ekbw   1/1       Running   0          1m
nginx-deployment-1370807587-fg172   0/1       Pending   0          1m
nginx-deployment-1370807587-fz9sd   0/1       Pending   0          1m

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | To find out why the nginx-deployment-1370807587-fz9sd pod is not running, we can use kubectl describe pod on the pending Pod and look at its events:


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

NAME                                READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-1006230814-6winp   1/1       Running   0          7m
nginx-deployment-1006230814-fmgu3   1/1       Running   0          7m
nginx-deployment-1370807587-6ekbw   1/1       Running   0          1m
nginx-deployment-1370807587-fg172   0/1       Pending   0          1m
nginx-deployment-1370807587-fz9sd   0/1       Pending   0          1m

Response: This none code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | To find out why the nginx-deployment-1370807587-fz9sd pod is not running, we can use kubectl describe pod on the pending Pod and look at its events:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl describe pod nginx-deployment-1370807587-fz9sd

Response: This shell code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Here you can see the event generated by the scheduler saying that the Pod failed to schedule for reason FailedScheduling (and possibly others). The message tells us that there were not enough resource

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Here you can see the event generated by the scheduler saying that the Pod failed to schedule for reason FailedScheduling (and possibly others). The message tells us that there were not enough resource


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

Name:		nginx-deployment-1370807587-fz9sd
  Namespace:	default
  Node:		/
  Labels:		app=nginx,pod-template-hash=1370807587
  Status:		Pending
  IP:
  Controllers:	ReplicaSet/nginx-deployment-1370807587
  Containers:
    nginx:
      Image:	nginx
      Port:	80/TCP
      QoS Tier:
        memory:	Guaranteed
        cpu:	Guaranteed
      Limits:

Response:
        cpu:	1
        memory:	128Mi
      Requests:
        cpu:	1
        memory:	128Mi
      Environment Variables:
  Volumes:
    default-token-4bcbi:
      Type:	Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
      SecretName:	default-token-4bcbi
  Events:
    FirstSeen	LastSeen	Count	From			        SubobjectPath	Type		Reason			    Message
    ---------	--------	-----	----			        -------------	--------	------			    -------
    1m		    48s		    7	    {default-scheduler }			        Warning		FailedScheduling	pod (nginx-deployment-1370807587-fz9sd) failed to fit in any node
  fit failure on node (kubernetes-node-6ta5): Node didn't have enough resource: CPU, requested: 1000, used: 1420, capacity: 2000
  fit failure on node (kubernetes-node-wul5): Node didn't have enough resource: CPU, requested: 1000, used: 1100, capacity: 2000


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

Name:		nginx-deployment-1370807587-fz9sd
  Namespace:	default
  Node:		/
  Labels:		app=nginx,pod-template-hash=1370807587
  Status:		Pending
  IP:
  Controllers:	ReplicaSet/nginx-deployment-1370807587
  Containers:
    nginx:
      Image:	nginx
      Port:	80/TCP
      QoS Tier:
        memory:	Guaranteed
        cpu:	Guaranteed
      Limits:
        cpu:	1
        memory:	128Mi
      Requests:
        cpu:	1
        memory:	128Mi
      Environment Variables:
  Volumes:
    default-token-4bcbi:
      Type:	Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
      SecretName:	default-token-4bcbi
  Events:
    FirstSeen	LastSeen	Count	From			        SubobjectPath	Type		Reason			    Message
    ---------	--------	-----	----			        -------------	--------	------			    -------
    1m		    48s		    7	    {default-scheduler }			        Warning		FailedScheduling	pod (nginx-deployment-1370807587-fz9sd) failed to fit in any node
  fit failure on node (kubernetes-node-6ta5): Node didn't have enough resource: CPU, requested: 1000, used: 1420, capacity: 2000
  fit failure on node (kubernetes-node-wul5): Node didn't have enough resource: CPU, requested: 1000, used: 1100, capacity: 2000

Response: This none code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Here you can see the event generated by the scheduler saying that the Pod failed to schedule for reason FailedScheduling (and possibly others). The message tells us that there were not enough resource


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pod nginx-deployment-1006230814-6winp -o yaml

Response: This shell code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | First, look at the logs of the affected container:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | First, look at the logs of the affected container:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2022-02-17T21:51:01Z"
  generateName: nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-
  labels:
    app: nginx
    pod-template-hash: 67d4bdd6f5
  name: nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-w6kd7
  namespace: default
  ownerReferences:
  - apiVersion: apps/v1
    blockOwnerDeletion: true
    controller: true
    kind: ReplicaSet
    name: nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5
    uid: 7d41dfd4-84c0-4be4-88ab-cedbe626ad82
  resourceVersion: "1364"
  uid: a6501da1-0447-4262-98eb-c03d4002222e
spec:
  containers:
  - image: nginx
    imagePullPolicy: Always
    name: nginx
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
    resources:
      limits:
        cpu: 500m
        memory: 128Mi
      requests:
        cpu: 500m
        memory: 128Mi
    terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
    terminationMessagePolicy: File
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount
      name: kube-api-access-bgsgp
      readOnly: true
  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
  enableServiceLinks: true
  nodeName: kube-worker-1
  preemptionPolicy: PreemptLowerPriority
  priority: 0
  restartPolicy: Always
  schedulerName: default-scheduler
  securityContext: {}
  serviceAccount: default
  serviceAccountName: default
  terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
  tolerations:
  - effect: NoExecute
    key: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready
    operator: Exists
    tolerationSeconds: 300
  - effect: NoExecute
    key: node.kubernetes.io/unreachable

Response:
    operator: Exists
    tolerationSeconds: 300
  volumes:
  - name: kube-api-access-bgsgp
    projected:
      defaultMode: 420
      sources:
      - serviceAccountToken:
          expirationSeconds: 3607
          path: token
      - configMap:
          items:
          - key: ca.crt
            path: ca.crt
          name: kube-root-ca.crt
      - downwardAPI:
          items:
          - fieldRef:
              apiVersion: v1
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
            path: namespace
status:
  conditions:
  - lastProbeTime: null
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T21:51:01Z"
    status: "True"
    type: Initialized
  - lastProbeTime: null
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T21:51:06Z"
    status: "True"
    type: Ready
  - lastProbeTime: null
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T21:51:06Z"
    status: "True"
    type: ContainersReady
  - lastProbeTime: null
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T21:51:01Z"
    status: "True"
    type: PodScheduled
  containerStatuses:
  - containerID: containerd://5403af59a2b46ee5a23fb0ae4b1e077f7ca5c5fb7af16e1ab21c00e0e616462a
    image: docker.io/library/nginx:latest
    imageID: docker.io/library/nginx@sha256:2834dc507516af02784808c5f48b7cbe38b8ed5d0f4837f16e78d00deb7e7767
    lastState: {}
    name: nginx
    ready: true
    restartCount: 0
    started: true
    state:
      running:
        startedAt: "2022-02-17T21:51:05Z"
  hostIP: 192.168.0.113
  phase: Running
  podIP: 10.88.0.3
  podIPs:
  - ip: 10.88.0.3
  - ip: 2001:db8::1
  qosClass: Guaranteed
  startTime: "2022-02-17T21:51:01Z"


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2022-02-17T21:51:01Z"
  generateName: nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-
  labels:
    app: nginx
    pod-template-hash: 67d4bdd6f5
  name: nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-w6kd7
  namespace: default
  ownerReferences:
  - apiVersion: apps/v1
    blockOwnerDeletion: true
    controller: true
    kind: ReplicaSet
    name: nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5
    uid: 7d41dfd4-84c0-4be4-88ab-cedbe626ad82
  resourceVersion: "1364"
  uid: a6501da1-0447-4262-98eb-c03d4002222e
spec:
  containers:
  - image: nginx
    imagePullPolicy: Always
    name: nginx
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
    resources:
      limits:
        cpu: 500m
        memory: 128Mi
      requests:
        cpu: 500m
        memory: 128Mi
    terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
    terminationMessagePolicy: File
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount
      name: kube-api-access-bgsgp
      readOnly: true
  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
  enableServiceLinks: true
  nodeName: kube-worker-1
  preemptionPolicy: PreemptLowerPriority
  priority: 0
  restartPolicy: Always
  schedulerName: default-scheduler
  securityContext: {}
  serviceAccount: default
  serviceAccountName: default
  terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
  tolerations:
  - effect: NoExecute
    key: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready
    operator: Exists
    tolerationSeconds: 300
  - effect: NoExecute
    key: node.kubernetes.io/unreachable
    operator: Exists
    tolerationSeconds: 300
  volumes:
  - name: kube-api-access-bgsgp
    projected:
      defaultMode: 420
      sources:
      - serviceAccountToken:
          expirationSeconds: 3607
          path: token
      - configMap:
          items:
          - key: ca.crt
            path: ca.crt
          name: kube-root-ca.crt
      - downwardAPI:
          items:
          - fieldRef:
              apiVersion: v1
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
            path: namespace
status:
  conditions:
  - lastProbeTime: null
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T21:51:01Z"
    status: "True"
    type: Initialized
  - lastProbeTime: null
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T21:51:06Z"
    status: "True"
    type: Ready
  - lastProbeTime: null
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T21:51:06Z"
    status: "True"
    type: ContainersReady
  - lastProbeTime: null
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T21:51:01Z"
    status: "True"
    type: PodScheduled
  containerStatuses:
  - containerID: containerd://5403af59a2b46ee5a23fb0ae4b1e077f7ca5c5fb7af16e1ab21c00e0e616462a
    image: docker.io/library/nginx:latest
    imageID: docker.io/library/nginx@sha256:2834dc507516af02784808c5f48b7cbe38b8ed5d0f4837f16e78d00deb7e7767
    lastState: {}
    name: nginx
    ready: true
    restartCount: 0
    started: true
    state:
      running:
        startedAt: "2022-02-17T21:51:05Z"
  hostIP: 192.168.0.113
  phase: Running
  podIP: 10.88.0.3
  podIPs:
  - ip: 10.88.0.3
  - ip: 2001:db8::1
  qosClass: Guaranteed
  startTime: "2022-02-17T21:51:01Z"

Response: This yaml code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | First, look at the logs of the affected container:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl logs --previous ${POD_NAME} ${CONTAINER_NAME}

Response: This shell code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | If the container image includes debugging utilities, as is the case with images built from Linux and Windows OS base images, you can run commands inside a specific container with kubectl exec:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | If the container image includes debugging utilities, as is the case with images built from Linux and Windows OS base images, you can run commands inside a specific container with kubectl exec:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl exec ${POD_NAME} -c ${CONTAINER_NAME} -- ${CMD} ${ARG1} ${ARG2} ... ${ARGN}

Response: This shell code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | As an example, to look at the logs from a running Cassandra pod, you might run

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | As an example, to look at the logs from a running Cassandra pod, you might run


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl exec cassandra -- cat /var/log/cassandra/system.log

Response: This shell code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | You can run a shell that's connected to your terminal using the -i and -t arguments to kubectl exec, for example:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | You can run a shell that's connected to your terminal using the -i and -t arguments to kubectl exec, for example:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl run ephemeral-demo --image=registry.k8s.io/pause:3.1 --restart=Never

Response: This shell code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | The examples in this section use the pause container image because it does not contain debugging utilities, but this method works with all container images.

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | The examples in this section use the pause container image because it does not contain debugging utilities, but this method works with all container images.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

OCI runtime exec failed: exec failed: container_linux.go:346: starting container process caused "exec: \"sh\": executable file not found in $PATH": unknown

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | You can instead add a debugging container using kubectl debug. If you specify the -i/--interactive argument, kubectl will automatically attach to the console of the Ephemeral Container.

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | You can instead add a debugging container using kubectl debug. If you specify the -i/--interactive argument, kubectl will automatically attach to the console of the Ephemeral Container.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl debug -it ephemeral-demo --image=busybox:1.28 --target=ephemeral-demo

Response: This shell code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | This command adds a new busybox container and attaches to it. The --target parameter targets the process namespace of another container. It's necessary here because kubectl run does not enable process

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | This command adds a new busybox container and attaches to it. The --target parameter targets the process namespace of another container. It's necessary here because kubectl run does not enable process


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Defaulting debug container name to debugger-8xzrl.
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ #

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | This command adds a new busybox container and attaches to it. The --target parameter targets the process namespace of another container. It's necessary here because kubectl run does not enable process


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

...
Ephemeral Containers:
  debugger-8xzrl:
    Container ID:   docker://b888f9adfd15bd5739fefaa39e1df4dd3c617b9902082b1cfdc29c4028ffb2eb
    Image:          busybox
    Image ID:       docker-pullable://busybox@sha256:1828edd60c5efd34b2bf5dd3282ec0cc04d47b2ff9caa0b6d4f07a21d1c08084
    Port:           <none>

Response:
    Host Port:      <none>
    State:          Running
      Started:      Wed, 12 Feb 2020 14:25:42 +0100
    Ready:          False
    Restart Count:  0
    Environment:    <none>
    Mounts:         <none>
...

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Use kubectl delete to remove the Pod when you're finished:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

...
Ephemeral Containers:
  debugger-8xzrl:
    Container ID:   docker://b888f9adfd15bd5739fefaa39e1df4dd3c617b9902082b1cfdc29c4028ffb2eb
    Image:          busybox
    Image ID:       docker-pullable://busybox@sha256:1828edd60c5efd34b2bf5dd3282ec0cc04d47b2ff9caa0b6d4f07a21d1c08084
    Port:           <none>
    Host Port:      <none>
    State:          Running
      Started:      Wed, 12 Feb 2020 14:25:42 +0100
    Ready:          False
    Restart Count:  0
    Environment:    <none>
    Mounts:         <none>
...

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Use kubectl delete to remove the Pod when you're finished:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl run myapp --image=busybox:1.28 --restart=Never -- sleep 1d

Response: This shell code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Run this command to create a copy of myapp named myapp-debug that adds a new Ubuntu container for debugging:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Run this command to create a copy of myapp named myapp-debug that adds a new Ubuntu container for debugging:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl debug myapp -it --image=ubuntu --share-processes --copy-to=myapp-debug

Response: This shell code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Don't forget to clean up the debugging Pod when you're finished with it:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Don't forget to clean up the debugging Pod when you're finished with it:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Defaulting debug container name to debugger-w7xmf.
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
root@myapp-debug:/#

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Don't forget to clean up the debugging Pod when you're finished with it:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Containers:
  myapp:
    Image:         busybox
    ...
    Args:

Response:
      false
    State:          Waiting
      Reason:       CrashLoopBackOff
    Last State:     Terminated
      Reason:       Error
      Exit Code:    1

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | You can use kubectl debug to create a copy of this Pod with the command changed to an interactive shell:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Containers:
  myapp:
    Image:         busybox
    ...
    Args:
      false
    State:          Waiting
      Reason:       CrashLoopBackOff
    Last State:     Terminated
      Reason:       Error
      Exit Code:    1

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | You can use kubectl debug to create a copy of this Pod with the command changed to an interactive shell:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl debug myapp -it --copy-to=myapp-debug --container=myapp -- sh

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Now you have an interactive shell that you can use to perform tasks like checking filesystem paths or running the container command manually.

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Now you have an interactive shell that you can use to perform tasks like checking filesystem paths or running the container command manually.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ #

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Now you have an interactive shell that you can use to perform tasks like checking filesystem paths or running the container command manually.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl run myapp --image=busybox:1.28 --restart=Never -- sleep 1d

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Now use kubectl debug to make a copy and change its container image to ubuntu:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Now use kubectl debug to make a copy and change its container image to ubuntu:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl debug myapp --copy-to=myapp-debug --set-image=*=ubuntu

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | The syntax of --set-image uses the same container_name=image syntax as kubectl set image. *=ubuntu means change the image of all containers to ubuntu.

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | The syntax of --set-image uses the same container_name=image syntax as kubectl set image. *=ubuntu means change the image of all containers to ubuntu.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Creating debugging pod node-debugger-mynode-pdx84 with container debugger on node mynode.
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
root@ek8s:/#

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | When creating a debugging session on a node, keep in mind that:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | When creating a debugging session on a node, keep in mind that:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl run myapp --image=busybox:1.28 --restart=Never -- sleep 1d

Response: This shell code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Then, debug the Pod using an ephemeral container. If the ephemeral container needs to have privilege, you can use the sysadmin profile:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Then, debug the Pod using an ephemeral container. If the ephemeral container needs to have privilege, you can use the sysadmin profile:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl debug -it myapp --image=busybox:1.28 --target=myapp --profile=sysadmin

Response: This shell code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Check the capabilities of the ephemeral container process by running the following command inside the container:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Check the capabilities of the ephemeral container process by running the following command inside the container:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Targeting container "myapp". If you don't see processes from this container it may be because the container runtime doesn't support this feature.
Defaulting debug container name to debugger-6kg4x.

Response:
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ #


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Targeting container "myapp". If you don't see processes from this container it may be because the container runtime doesn't support this feature.
Defaulting debug container name to debugger-6kg4x.
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ #

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Check the capabilities of the ephemeral container process by running the following command inside the container:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

...
CapPrm:	000001ffffffffff

Response:
CapEff:	000001ffffffffff
...

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | This means the container process is granted full capabilities as a privileged container by applying sysadmin profile. See more details about capabilities.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

...
CapPrm:	000001ffffffffff
CapEff:	000001ffffffffff
...

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | This means the container process is granted full capabilities as a privileged container by applying sysadmin profile. See more details about capabilities.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pod myapp -o jsonpath='{.spec.ephemeralContainers[0].securityContext}'

Response: This shell code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Clean up the Pod when you're finished with it:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Clean up the Pod when you're finished with it:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl run myapp --image=busybox:1.28 --restart=Never -- sleep 1d

Response: This shell code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Create a custom profile in YAML or JSON format. Here, create a YAML format file named custom-profile.yaml:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Create a custom profile in YAML or JSON format. Here, create a YAML format file named custom-profile.yaml:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

env:
- name: ENV_VAR_1
  value: value_1
- name: ENV_VAR_2
  value: value_2

Response:
securityContext:
  capabilities:
    add:
    - NET_ADMIN
    - SYS_TIME

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Run this command to debug the Pod using an ephemeral container with the custom profile:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

env:
- name: ENV_VAR_1
  value: value_1
- name: ENV_VAR_2
  value: value_2
securityContext:
  capabilities:
    add:
    - NET_ADMIN
    - SYS_TIME

Response: This yaml code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Run this command to debug the Pod using an ephemeral container with the custom profile:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl debug -it myapp --image=busybox:1.28 --target=myapp --profile=general --custom=custom-profile.yaml

Response: This shell code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | You can check that the ephemeral container has been added to the target Pod with the custom profile applied:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | You can check that the ephemeral container has been added to the target Pod with the custom profile applied:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pod myapp -o jsonpath='{.spec.ephemeralContainers[0].env}'

Response: This shell code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Clean up the Pod when you're finished with it:


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[{"name":"ENV_VAR_1","value":"value_1"},{"name":"ENV_VAR_2","value":"value_2"}]

Response: This json code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Clean up the Pod when you're finished with it:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pod myapp -o jsonpath='{.spec.ephemeralContainers[0].securityContext}'

Response: This shell code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Clean up the Pod when you're finished with it:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: shell-demo
spec:
  volumes:
  - name: shared-data
    emptyDir: {}

Response:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx
    volumeMounts:
    - name: shared-data
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
  hostNetwork: true
  dnsPolicy: Default

Context: 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: shell-demo
spec:
  volumes:
  - name: shared-data
    emptyDir: {}
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx
    volumeMounts:
    - name: shared-data
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
  hostNetwork: true
  dnsPolicy: Default

Response: This yaml code 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/shell-demo.yaml

Response: This shell code 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | Verify that the container is running:

Context: 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | Verify that the container is running:


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

# You can run these example commands inside the container
ls /
cat /proc/mounts
cat /proc/1/maps
apt-get update
apt-get install -y tcpdump

Response:
tcpdump
apt-get install -y lsof
lsof
apt-get install -y procps
ps aux
ps aux | grep nginx

Context: 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | Look again at the configuration file for your Pod. The Pod has an emptyDir volume, and the container mounts the volume at /usr/share/nginx/html.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# You can run these example commands inside the container
ls /
cat /proc/mounts
cat /proc/1/maps
apt-get update
apt-get install -y tcpdump
tcpdump
apt-get install -y lsof
lsof
apt-get install -y procps
ps aux
ps aux | grep nginx

Response: This shell code 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | Look again at the configuration file for your Pod. The Pod has an emptyDir volume, and the container mounts the volume at /usr/share/nginx/html.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Run this inside the container
echo 'Hello shell demo' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

Response: This shell code 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | In your shell, send a GET request to the nginx server:

Context: 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | In your shell, send a GET request to the nginx server:


Prompt:
Complete this shell code:

# Run this in the shell inside your container
apt-get update

Response:
apt-get install curl
curl http://localhost/

Context: 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | The output shows the text that you wrote to the index.html file:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Run this in the shell inside your container
apt-get update
apt-get install curl
curl http://localhost/

Response: This shell code 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | The output shows the text that you wrote to the index.html file:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl exec shell-demo -- ps aux
kubectl exec shell-demo -- ls /
kubectl exec shell-demo -- cat /proc/1/mounts

Response: This shell code 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | If a Pod has more than one container, use --container or -c to specify a container in the kubectl exec command. For example, suppose you have a Pod named my-pod, and the Pod has two containers named m

Context: 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | If a Pod has more than one container, use --container or -c to specify a container in the kubectl exec command. For example, suppose you have a Pod named my-pod, and the Pod has two containers named m


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl exec -i -t my-pod --container main-app -- /bin/bash

Response: This shell code 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | This doc is about cluster troubleshooting; we assume you have already ruled out your application as the root cause of the problem you are experiencing. See the application troubleshooting guide for ti

Context: 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | This doc is about cluster troubleshooting; we assume you have already ruled out your application as the root cause of the problem you are experiencing. See the application troubleshooting guide for ti


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

NAME                     STATUS       ROLES     AGE     VERSION
kube-worker-1            NotReady     <none>    1h      v1.23.3

Response:
kubernetes-node-bols     Ready        <none>    1h      v1.23.3
kubernetes-node-st6x     Ready        <none>    1h      v1.23.3
kubernetes-node-unaj     Ready        <none>    1h      v1.23.3

Context: 4.4 - Troubleshooting Clusters | For now, digging deeper into the cluster requires logging into the relevant machines. Here are the locations of the relevant log files. On systemd-based systems, you may need to use journalctl instead


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

NAME                     STATUS       ROLES     AGE     VERSION
kube-worker-1            NotReady     <none>    1h      v1.23.3
kubernetes-node-bols     Ready        <none>    1h      v1.23.3
kubernetes-node-st6x     Ready        <none>    1h      v1.23.3
kubernetes-node-unaj     Ready        <none>    1h      v1.23.3

Response: This none code 4.4 - Troubleshooting Clusters | For now, digging deeper into the cluster requires logging into the relevant machines. Here are the locations of the relevant log files. On systemd-based systems, you may need to use journalctl instead


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

Name:               kube-worker-1
Roles:              <none>
Labels:             beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64
                    beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux
                    kubernetes.io/arch=amd64
                    kubernetes.io/hostname=kube-worker-1
                    kubernetes.io/os=linux
                    node.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl: 0
                    volumes.kubernetes.io/controller-managed-attach-detach: true
CreationTimestamp:  Thu, 17 Feb 2022 16:46:30 -0500
Taints:             node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute
                    node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoSchedule
Unschedulable:      false
Lease:
  HolderIdentity:  kube-worker-1
  AcquireTime:     <unset>
  RenewTime:       Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:13:09 -0500
Conditions:
  Type                 Status    LastHeartbeatTime                 LastTransitionTime                Reason              Message
  ----                 ------    -----------------                 ------------------                ------              -------
  NetworkUnavailable   False     Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:09:13 -0500   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:09:13 -0500   WeaveIsUp           Weave pod has set this
  MemoryPressure       Unknown   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:12:40 -0500   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:13:52 -0500   NodeStatusUnknown   Kubelet stopped posting node status.
  DiskPressure         Unknown   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:12:40 -0500   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:13:52 -0500   NodeStatusUnknown   Kubelet stopped posting node status.
  PIDPressure          Unknown   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:12:40 -0500   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:13:52 -0500   NodeStatusUnknown   Kubelet stopped posting node status.
  Ready                Unknown   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:12:40 -0500   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:13:52 -0500   NodeStatusUnknown   Kubelet stopped posting node status.
Addresses:
  InternalIP:  192.168.0.113
  Hostname:    kube-worker-1
Capacity:
  cpu:                2
  ephemeral-storage:  15372232Ki
  hugepages-2Mi:      0
  memory:             2025188Ki
  pods:               110

Response:
Allocatable:
  cpu:                2
  ephemeral-storage:  14167048988
  hugepages-2Mi:      0
  memory:             1922788Ki
  pods:               110
System Info:
  Machine ID:                 9384e2927f544209b5d7b67474bbf92b
  System UUID:                aa829ca9-73d7-064d-9019-df07404ad448
  Boot ID:                    5a295a03-aaca-4340-af20-1327fa5dab5c
  Kernel Version:             5.13.0-28-generic
  OS Image:                   Ubuntu 21.10
  Operating System:           linux
  Architecture:               amd64
  Container Runtime Version:  containerd://1.5.9
  Kubelet Version:            v1.23.3
  Kube-Proxy Version:         v1.23.3
Non-terminated Pods:          (4 in total)
  Namespace                   Name                                 CPU Requests  CPU Limits  Memory Requests  Memory Limits  Age
  ---------                   ----                                 ------------  ----------  ---------------  -------------  ---
  default                     nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-cx2nz    500m (25%)    500m (25%)  128Mi (6%)       128Mi (6%)     23m
  default                     nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-w6kd7    500m (25%)    500m (25%)  128Mi (6%)       128Mi (6%)     23m
  kube-system                 kube-proxy-dnxbz                     0 (0%)        0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)         28m
  kube-system                 weave-net-gjxxp                      100m (5%)     0 (0%)      200Mi (10%)      0 (0%)         28m
Allocated resources:
  (Total limits may be over 100 percent, i.e., overcommitted.)
  Resource           Requests     Limits
  --------           --------     ------
  cpu                1100m (55%)  1 (50%)
  memory             456Mi (24%)  256Mi (13%)
  ephemeral-storage  0 (0%)       0 (0%)
  hugepages-2Mi      0 (0%)       0 (0%)
Events:
...


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

Name:               kube-worker-1
Roles:              <none>
Labels:             beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64
                    beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux
                    kubernetes.io/arch=amd64
                    kubernetes.io/hostname=kube-worker-1
                    kubernetes.io/os=linux
                    node.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl: 0
                    volumes.kubernetes.io/controller-managed-attach-detach: true
CreationTimestamp:  Thu, 17 Feb 2022 16:46:30 -0500
Taints:             node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute
                    node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoSchedule
Unschedulable:      false
Lease:
  HolderIdentity:  kube-worker-1
  AcquireTime:     <unset>
  RenewTime:       Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:13:09 -0500
Conditions:
  Type                 Status    LastHeartbeatTime                 LastTransitionTime                Reason              Message
  ----                 ------    -----------------                 ------------------                ------              -------
  NetworkUnavailable   False     Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:09:13 -0500   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:09:13 -0500   WeaveIsUp           Weave pod has set this
  MemoryPressure       Unknown   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:12:40 -0500   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:13:52 -0500   NodeStatusUnknown   Kubelet stopped posting node status.
  DiskPressure         Unknown   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:12:40 -0500   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:13:52 -0500   NodeStatusUnknown   Kubelet stopped posting node status.
  PIDPressure          Unknown   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:12:40 -0500   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:13:52 -0500   NodeStatusUnknown   Kubelet stopped posting node status.
  Ready                Unknown   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:12:40 -0500   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:13:52 -0500   NodeStatusUnknown   Kubelet stopped posting node status.
Addresses:
  InternalIP:  192.168.0.113
  Hostname:    kube-worker-1
Capacity:
  cpu:                2
  ephemeral-storage:  15372232Ki
  hugepages-2Mi:      0
  memory:             2025188Ki
  pods:               110
Allocatable:
  cpu:                2
  ephemeral-storage:  14167048988
  hugepages-2Mi:      0
  memory:             1922788Ki
  pods:               110
System Info:
  Machine ID:                 9384e2927f544209b5d7b67474bbf92b
  System UUID:                aa829ca9-73d7-064d-9019-df07404ad448
  Boot ID:                    5a295a03-aaca-4340-af20-1327fa5dab5c
  Kernel Version:             5.13.0-28-generic
  OS Image:                   Ubuntu 21.10
  Operating System:           linux
  Architecture:               amd64
  Container Runtime Version:  containerd://1.5.9
  Kubelet Version:            v1.23.3
  Kube-Proxy Version:         v1.23.3
Non-terminated Pods:          (4 in total)
  Namespace                   Name                                 CPU Requests  CPU Limits  Memory Requests  Memory Limits  Age
  ---------                   ----                                 ------------  ----------  ---------------  -------------  ---
  default                     nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-cx2nz    500m (25%)    500m (25%)  128Mi (6%)       128Mi (6%)     23m
  default                     nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-w6kd7    500m (25%)    500m (25%)  128Mi (6%)       128Mi (6%)     23m
  kube-system                 kube-proxy-dnxbz                     0 (0%)        0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)         28m
  kube-system                 weave-net-gjxxp                      100m (5%)     0 (0%)      200Mi (10%)      0 (0%)         28m
Allocated resources:
  (Total limits may be over 100 percent, i.e., overcommitted.)
  Resource           Requests     Limits
  --------           --------     ------
  cpu                1100m (55%)  1 (50%)
  memory             456Mi (24%)  256Mi (13%)
  ephemeral-storage  0 (0%)       0 (0%)
  hugepages-2Mi      0 (0%)       0 (0%)
Events:
...

Response: This none code 4.4 - Troubleshooting Clusters | For now, digging deeper into the cluster requires logging into the relevant machines. Here are the locations of the relevant log files. On systemd-based systems, you may need to use journalctl instead


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Node
metadata:
  annotations:
    node.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl: "0"
    volumes.kubernetes.io/controller-managed-attach-detach: "true"
  creationTimestamp: "2022-02-17T21:46:30Z"
  labels:
    beta.kubernetes.io/arch: amd64
    beta.kubernetes.io/os: linux
    kubernetes.io/arch: amd64
    kubernetes.io/hostname: kube-worker-1
    kubernetes.io/os: linux
  name: kube-worker-1
  resourceVersion: "4026"
  uid: 98efe7cb-2978-4a0b-842a-1a7bf12c05f8
spec: {}
status:
  addresses:
  - address: 192.168.0.113
    type: InternalIP
  - address: kube-worker-1
    type: Hostname
  allocatable:
    cpu: "2"
    ephemeral-storage: "14167048988"
    hugepages-2Mi: "0"
    memory: 1922788Ki
    pods: "110"
  capacity:
    cpu: "2"
    ephemeral-storage: 15372232Ki
    hugepages-2Mi: "0"
    memory: 2025188Ki
    pods: "110"
  conditions:
  - lastHeartbeatTime: "2022-02-17T22:20:32Z"
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T22:20:32Z"
    message: Weave pod has set this
    reason: WeaveIsUp

Response:
    status: "False"
    type: NetworkUnavailable
  - lastHeartbeatTime: "2022-02-17T22:20:15Z"
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T22:13:25Z"
    message: kubelet has sufficient memory available
    reason: KubeletHasSufficientMemory
    status: "False"
    type: MemoryPressure
  - lastHeartbeatTime: "2022-02-17T22:20:15Z"
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T22:13:25Z"
    message: kubelet has no disk pressure
    reason: KubeletHasNoDiskPressure
    status: "False"
    type: DiskPressure
  - lastHeartbeatTime: "2022-02-17T22:20:15Z"
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T22:13:25Z"
    message: kubelet has sufficient PID available
    reason: KubeletHasSufficientPID
    status: "False"
    type: PIDPressure
  - lastHeartbeatTime: "2022-02-17T22:20:15Z"
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T22:15:15Z"
    message: kubelet is posting ready status
    reason: KubeletReady
    status: "True"
    type: Ready
  daemonEndpoints:
    kubeletEndpoint:
      Port: 10250
  nodeInfo:
    architecture: amd64
    bootID: 22333234-7a6b-44d4-9ce1-67e31dc7e369
    containerRuntimeVersion: containerd://1.5.9
    kernelVersion: 5.13.0-28-generic
    kubeProxyVersion: v1.23.3
    kubeletVersion: v1.23.3
    machineID: 9384e2927f544209b5d7b67474bbf92b
    operatingSystem: linux
    osImage: Ubuntu 21.10
    systemUUID: aa829ca9-73d7-064d-9019-df07404ad448


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Node
metadata:
  annotations:
    node.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl: "0"
    volumes.kubernetes.io/controller-managed-attach-detach: "true"
  creationTimestamp: "2022-02-17T21:46:30Z"
  labels:
    beta.kubernetes.io/arch: amd64
    beta.kubernetes.io/os: linux
    kubernetes.io/arch: amd64
    kubernetes.io/hostname: kube-worker-1
    kubernetes.io/os: linux
  name: kube-worker-1
  resourceVersion: "4026"
  uid: 98efe7cb-2978-4a0b-842a-1a7bf12c05f8
spec: {}
status:
  addresses:
  - address: 192.168.0.113
    type: InternalIP
  - address: kube-worker-1
    type: Hostname
  allocatable:
    cpu: "2"
    ephemeral-storage: "14167048988"
    hugepages-2Mi: "0"
    memory: 1922788Ki
    pods: "110"
  capacity:
    cpu: "2"
    ephemeral-storage: 15372232Ki
    hugepages-2Mi: "0"
    memory: 2025188Ki
    pods: "110"
  conditions:
  - lastHeartbeatTime: "2022-02-17T22:20:32Z"
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T22:20:32Z"
    message: Weave pod has set this
    reason: WeaveIsUp
    status: "False"
    type: NetworkUnavailable
  - lastHeartbeatTime: "2022-02-17T22:20:15Z"
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T22:13:25Z"
    message: kubelet has sufficient memory available
    reason: KubeletHasSufficientMemory
    status: "False"
    type: MemoryPressure
  - lastHeartbeatTime: "2022-02-17T22:20:15Z"
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T22:13:25Z"
    message: kubelet has no disk pressure
    reason: KubeletHasNoDiskPressure
    status: "False"
    type: DiskPressure
  - lastHeartbeatTime: "2022-02-17T22:20:15Z"
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T22:13:25Z"
    message: kubelet has sufficient PID available
    reason: KubeletHasSufficientPID
    status: "False"
    type: PIDPressure
  - lastHeartbeatTime: "2022-02-17T22:20:15Z"
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T22:15:15Z"
    message: kubelet is posting ready status
    reason: KubeletReady
    status: "True"
    type: Ready
  daemonEndpoints:
    kubeletEndpoint:
      Port: 10250
  nodeInfo:
    architecture: amd64
    bootID: 22333234-7a6b-44d4-9ce1-67e31dc7e369
    containerRuntimeVersion: containerd://1.5.9
    kernelVersion: 5.13.0-28-generic
    kubeProxyVersion: v1.23.3
    kubeletVersion: v1.23.3
    machineID: 9384e2927f544209b5d7b67474bbf92b
    operatingSystem: linux
    osImage: Ubuntu 21.10
    systemUUID: aa829ca9-73d7-064d-9019-df07404ad448

Response: This yaml code 4.4 - Troubleshooting Clusters | For now, digging deeper into the cluster requires logging into the relevant machines. Here are the locations of the relevant log files. On systemd-based systems, you may need to use journalctl instead


Prompt:
Explain this console code:

Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"27", GitVersion:"v1.27.4",GitCommit:"fa3d7990104d7c1f16943a67f11b154b71f6a132", GitTreeState:"clean",BuildDate:"2023-07-19T12:20:54Z", GoVersion:"go1.20.6", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
Kustomize Version: v5.0.1
Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"27", GitVersion:"v1.27.3",GitCommit:"25b4e43193bcda6c7328a6d147b1fb73a33f1598", GitTreeState:"clean",BuildDate:"2023-06-14T09:47:40Z", GoVersion:"go1.20.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

Response: This console code 4.4.1 - Troubleshooting kubectl | If you see Unable to connect to the server: dial tcp <server-ip>:8443: i/o timeout, instead of Server Version, you need to troubleshoot kubectl connectivity with your cluster.

Context: 4.4.1 - Troubleshooting kubectl | If you see Unable to connect to the server: dial tcp <server-ip>:8443: i/o timeout, instead of Server Version, you need to troubleshoot kubectl connectivity with your cluster.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Unable to connect to the server: dial tcp <server-ip>:8443: i/o timeout

Response: This text code 4.4.1 - Troubleshooting kubectl | Make sure you have installed the kubectl by following the official documentation for installing kubectl, and you have properly configured the $PATH environment variable.

Context: 4.4.1 - Troubleshooting kubectl | Make sure you have installed the kubectl by following the official documentation for installing kubectl, and you have properly configured the $PATH environment variable.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl config view --flatten --output 'jsonpath={.clusters[0].cluster.certificate-authority-data}' | base64 -d | openssl x509 -noout -dates

Response: This shell code 4.4.1 - Troubleshooting kubectl | output:

Context: 4.4.1 - Troubleshooting kubectl | output:


Prompt:
Explain this console code:

notBefore=Feb 13 05:57:47 2024 GMT
notAfter=Feb 10 06:02:47 2034 GMT

Response: This console code 4.4.1 - Troubleshooting kubectl | output:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl config view --flatten --output 'jsonpath={.users[0].user.client-certificate-data}'| base64 -d | openssl x509 -noout -dates

Response: This shell code 4.4.1 - Troubleshooting kubectl | output:


Prompt:
Explain this console code:

notBefore=Feb 13 05:57:47 2024 GMT
notAfter=Feb 12 06:02:50 2025 GMT

Response: This console code 4.4.1 - Troubleshooting kubectl | Some kubectl authentication helpers provide easy access to Kubernetes clusters. If you have used such helpers and are facing connectivity issues, ensure that the necessary configurations are still pre

Context: 4.4.1 - Troubleshooting kubectl | Some kubectl authentication helpers provide easy access to Kubernetes clusters. If you have used such helpers and are facing connectivity issues, ensure that the necessary configurations are still pre


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get --raw "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/minikube" | jq '.'

Response: This shell code 4.4.2 - Resource metrics pipeline | Here is the same API call using curl:

Context: 4.4.2 - Resource metrics pipeline | Here is the same API call using curl:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

curl http://localhost:8080/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/minikube

Response: This shell code 4.4.2 - Resource metrics pipeline | Sample response:

Context: 4.4.2 - Resource metrics pipeline | Sample response:


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

{
  "kind": "NodeMetrics",
  "apiVersion": "metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "metadata": {
    "name": "minikube",
    "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/minikube",
    "creationTimestamp": "2022-01-27T18:48:43Z"

Response:
  },
  "timestamp": "2022-01-27T18:48:33Z",
  "window": "30s",
  "usage": {
    "cpu": "487558164n",
    "memory": "732212Ki"
  }
}

Context: 4.4.2 - Resource metrics pipeline | Here is an example of the Metrics API request for a kube-scheduler-minikube pod contained in the kube-system namespace and piped through jq for easier reading:


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

{
  "kind": "NodeMetrics",
  "apiVersion": "metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "metadata": {
    "name": "minikube",
    "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/nodes/minikube",
    "creationTimestamp": "2022-01-27T18:48:43Z"
  },
  "timestamp": "2022-01-27T18:48:33Z",
  "window": "30s",
  "usage": {
    "cpu": "487558164n",
    "memory": "732212Ki"
  }
}

Response: This json code 4.4.2 - Resource metrics pipeline | Here is an example of the Metrics API request for a kube-scheduler-minikube pod contained in the kube-system namespace and piped through jq for easier reading:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get --raw "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/namespaces/kube-system/pods/kube-scheduler-minikube" | jq '.'

Response: This shell code 4.4.2 - Resource metrics pipeline | Here is the same API call using curl:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

curl http://localhost:8080/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/namespaces/kube-system/pods/kube-scheduler-minikube

Response: This shell code 4.4.2 - Resource metrics pipeline | Sample response:


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

{
  "kind": "PodMetrics",
  "apiVersion": "metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "metadata": {
    "name": "kube-scheduler-minikube",
    "namespace": "kube-system",
    "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/namespaces/kube-system/pods/kube-scheduler-minikube",
    "creationTimestamp": "2022-01-27T19:25:00Z"
  },
  "timestamp": "2022-01-27T19:24:31Z",

Response:
  "window": "30s",
  "containers": [
    {
      "name": "kube-scheduler",
      "usage": {
        "cpu": "9559630n",
        "memory": "22244Ki"
      }
    }
  ]
}

Context: 4.4.2 - Resource metrics pipeline | The Metrics API is defined in the k8s.io/metrics repository. You must enable the API aggregation layer and register an APIService for the metrics.k8s.io API.


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

{
  "kind": "PodMetrics",
  "apiVersion": "metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "metadata": {
    "name": "kube-scheduler-minikube",
    "namespace": "kube-system",
    "selfLink": "/apis/metrics.k8s.io/v1beta1/namespaces/kube-system/pods/kube-scheduler-minikube",
    "creationTimestamp": "2022-01-27T19:25:00Z"
  },
  "timestamp": "2022-01-27T19:24:31Z",
  "window": "30s",
  "containers": [
    {
      "name": "kube-scheduler",
      "usage": {
        "cpu": "9559630n",
        "memory": "22244Ki"
      }
    }
  ]
}

Response: This json code 4.4.2 - Resource metrics pipeline | The Metrics API is defined in the k8s.io/metrics repository. You must enable the API aggregation layer and register an APIService for the metrics.k8s.io API.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: node-problem-detector-v0.1
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: node-problem-detector
    version: v0.1
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: node-problem-detector
      version: v0.1
      kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: node-problem-detector
        version: v0.1
        kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"

Response:
    spec:
      hostNetwork: true
      containers:
      - name: node-problem-detector
        image: registry.k8s.io/node-problem-detector:v0.1
        securityContext:
          privileged: true
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: "200m"
            memory: "100Mi"
          requests:
            cpu: "20m"
            memory: "20Mi"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: log
          mountPath: /log
          readOnly: true
      volumes:
      - name: log
        hostPath:
          path: /var/log/

Context: 4.4.4 - Monitor Node Health | Start node problem detector with kubectl:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: node-problem-detector-v0.1
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: node-problem-detector
    version: v0.1
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: node-problem-detector
      version: v0.1
      kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: node-problem-detector
        version: v0.1
        kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    spec:
      hostNetwork: true
      containers:
      - name: node-problem-detector
        image: registry.k8s.io/node-problem-detector:v0.1
        securityContext:
          privileged: true
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: "200m"
            memory: "100Mi"
          requests:
            cpu: "20m"
            memory: "20Mi"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: log
          mountPath: /log
          readOnly: true
      volumes:
      - name: log
        hostPath:
          path: /var/log/

Response: This yaml code 4.4.4 - Monitor Node Health | Start node problem detector with kubectl:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/debug/node-problem-detector.yaml

Response: This shell code 4.4.4 - Monitor Node Health | If you are using a custom cluster bootstrap solution and don't need to overwrite the default configuration, you can leverage the Addon pod to further automate the deployment.

Context: 4.4.4 - Monitor Node Health | If you are using a custom cluster bootstrap solution and don't need to overwrite the default configuration, you can leverage the Addon pod to further automate the deployment.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl create configmap node-problem-detector-config --from-file=config/

Response: This shell code 4.4.4 - Monitor Node Health | Change the node-problem-detector.yaml to use the ConfigMap:

Context: 4.4.4 - Monitor Node Health | Change the node-problem-detector.yaml to use the ConfigMap:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: node-problem-detector-v0.1
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: node-problem-detector
    version: v0.1
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: node-problem-detector
      version: v0.1
      kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: node-problem-detector
        version: v0.1
        kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    spec:
      hostNetwork: true
      containers:

Response:
      - name: node-problem-detector
        image: registry.k8s.io/node-problem-detector:v0.1
        securityContext:
          privileged: true
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: "200m"
            memory: "100Mi"
          requests:
            cpu: "20m"
            memory: "20Mi"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: log
          mountPath: /log
          readOnly: true
        - name: config # Overwrite the config/ directory with ConfigMap volume
          mountPath: /config
          readOnly: true
      volumes:
      - name: log
        hostPath:
          path: /var/log/
      - name: config # Define ConfigMap volume
        configMap:
          name: node-problem-detector-config

Context: 4.4.4 - Monitor Node Health | Recreate the Node Problem Detector with the new configuration file:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: node-problem-detector-v0.1
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: node-problem-detector
    version: v0.1
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: node-problem-detector
      version: v0.1
      kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: node-problem-detector
        version: v0.1
        kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
    spec:
      hostNetwork: true
      containers:
      - name: node-problem-detector
        image: registry.k8s.io/node-problem-detector:v0.1
        securityContext:
          privileged: true
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: "200m"
            memory: "100Mi"
          requests:
            cpu: "20m"
            memory: "20Mi"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: log
          mountPath: /log
          readOnly: true
        - name: config # Overwrite the config/ directory with ConfigMap volume
          mountPath: /config
          readOnly: true
      volumes:
      - name: log
        hostPath:
          path: /var/log/
      - name: config # Define ConfigMap volume
        configMap:
          name: node-problem-detector-config

Response: This yaml code 4.4.4 - Monitor Node Health | Recreate the Node Problem Detector with the new configuration file:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# If you have a node-problem-detector running, delete before recreating
kubectl delete -f https://k8s.io/examples/debug/node-problem-detector.yaml
kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/debug/node-problem-detector-configmap.yaml

Response: This shell code 4.4.4 - Monitor Node Health | Overwriting a configuration is not supported if a Node Problem Detector runs as a cluster Addon. The Addon manager does not support ConfigMap.

Context: 4.4.4 - Monitor Node Health | Overwriting a configuration is not supported if a Node Problem Detector runs as a cluster Addon. The Addon manager does not support ConfigMap.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

runtime-endpoint: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock

Response:
timeout: 10
debug: true

Context: 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | To learn more about crictl, refer to the crictl documentation.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

runtime-endpoint: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
image-endpoint: unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
timeout: 10
debug: true

Response: This text code 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | To learn more about crictl, refer to the crictl documentation.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

POD ID              CREATED              STATE               NAME                         NAMESPACE           ATTEMPT
926f1b5a1d33a       About a minute ago   Ready               sh-84d7dcf559-4r2gq          default             0

Response:
4dccb216c4adb       About a minute ago   Ready               nginx-65899c769f-wv2gp       default             0
a86316e96fa89       17 hours ago         Ready               kube-proxy-gblk4             kube-system         0
919630b8f81f1       17 hours ago         Ready               nvidia-device-plugin-zgbbv   kube-system         0

Context: 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | List pods by name:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

POD ID              CREATED              STATE               NAME                         NAMESPACE           ATTEMPT
926f1b5a1d33a       About a minute ago   Ready               sh-84d7dcf559-4r2gq          default             0
4dccb216c4adb       About a minute ago   Ready               nginx-65899c769f-wv2gp       default             0
a86316e96fa89       17 hours ago         Ready               kube-proxy-gblk4             kube-system         0
919630b8f81f1       17 hours ago         Ready               nvidia-device-plugin-zgbbv   kube-system         0

Response: This text code 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | List pods by name:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

POD ID              CREATED             STATE               NAME                     NAMESPACE           ATTEMPT
4dccb216c4adb       2 minutes ago       Ready               nginx-65899c769f-wv2gp   default             0

Response: This text code 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | List pods by label:

Context: 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | List pods by label:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

POD ID              CREATED             STATE               NAME                     NAMESPACE           ATTEMPT
4dccb216c4adb       2 minutes ago       Ready               nginx-65899c769f-wv2gp   default             0

Response: This text code 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | List all images:

Context: 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | List all images:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

IMAGE                                     TAG                 IMAGE ID            SIZE
busybox                                   latest              8c811b4aec35f       1.15MB

Response:
k8s-gcrio.azureedge.net/hyperkube-amd64   v1.10.3             e179bbfe5d238       665MB
k8s-gcrio.azureedge.net/pause-amd64       3.1                 da86e6ba6ca19       742kB
nginx                                     latest              cd5239a0906a6       109MB

Context: 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | List images by repository:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

IMAGE                                     TAG                 IMAGE ID            SIZE
busybox                                   latest              8c811b4aec35f       1.15MB
k8s-gcrio.azureedge.net/hyperkube-amd64   v1.10.3             e179bbfe5d238       665MB
k8s-gcrio.azureedge.net/pause-amd64       3.1                 da86e6ba6ca19       742kB
nginx                                     latest              cd5239a0906a6       109MB

Response: This text code 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | List images by repository:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

IMAGE               TAG                 IMAGE ID            SIZE
nginx               latest              cd5239a0906a6       109MB

Response: This text code 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | Only list image IDs:

Context: 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | Only list image IDs:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

sha256:8c811b4aec35f259572d0f79207bc0678df4c736eeec50bc9fec37ed936a472a
sha256:e179bbfe5d238de6069f3b03fccbecc3fb4f2019af741bfff1233c4d7b2970c5

Response:
sha256:da86e6ba6ca197bf6bc5e9d900febd906b133eaa4750e6bed647b0fbe50ed43e
sha256:cd5239a0906a6ccf0562354852fae04bc5b52d72a2aff9a871ddb6bd57553569

Context: 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | List all containers:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

sha256:8c811b4aec35f259572d0f79207bc0678df4c736eeec50bc9fec37ed936a472a
sha256:e179bbfe5d238de6069f3b03fccbecc3fb4f2019af741bfff1233c4d7b2970c5
sha256:da86e6ba6ca197bf6bc5e9d900febd906b133eaa4750e6bed647b0fbe50ed43e
sha256:cd5239a0906a6ccf0562354852fae04bc5b52d72a2aff9a871ddb6bd57553569

Response: This text code 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | List all containers:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                                                                CREATED             STATE               NAME                       ATTEMPT
1f73f2d81bf98       busybox@sha256:141c253bc4c3fd0a201d32dc1f493bcf3fff003b6df416dea4f41046e0f37d47                                   7 minutes ago       Running             sh                         1

Response:
9c5951df22c78       busybox@sha256:141c253bc4c3fd0a201d32dc1f493bcf3fff003b6df416dea4f41046e0f37d47                                   8 minutes ago       Exited              sh                         0
87d3992f84f74       nginx@sha256:d0a8828cccb73397acb0073bf34f4d7d8aa315263f1e7806bf8c55d8ac139d5f                                     8 minutes ago       Running             nginx                      0
1941fb4da154f       k8s-gcrio.azureedge.net/hyperkube-amd64@sha256:00d814b1f7763f4ab5be80c58e98140dfc69df107f253d7fdd714b30a714260a   18 hours ago        Running             kube-proxy                 0

Context: 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | List running containers:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                                                                CREATED             STATE               NAME                       ATTEMPT
1f73f2d81bf98       busybox@sha256:141c253bc4c3fd0a201d32dc1f493bcf3fff003b6df416dea4f41046e0f37d47                                   7 minutes ago       Running             sh                         1
9c5951df22c78       busybox@sha256:141c253bc4c3fd0a201d32dc1f493bcf3fff003b6df416dea4f41046e0f37d47                                   8 minutes ago       Exited              sh                         0
87d3992f84f74       nginx@sha256:d0a8828cccb73397acb0073bf34f4d7d8aa315263f1e7806bf8c55d8ac139d5f                                     8 minutes ago       Running             nginx                      0
1941fb4da154f       k8s-gcrio.azureedge.net/hyperkube-amd64@sha256:00d814b1f7763f4ab5be80c58e98140dfc69df107f253d7fdd714b30a714260a   18 hours ago        Running             kube-proxy                 0

Response: This text code 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | List running containers:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                                                                CREATED             STATE               NAME                       ATTEMPT
1f73f2d81bf98       busybox@sha256:141c253bc4c3fd0a201d32dc1f493bcf3fff003b6df416dea4f41046e0f37d47                                   6 minutes ago       Running             sh                         1

Response:
87d3992f84f74       nginx@sha256:d0a8828cccb73397acb0073bf34f4d7d8aa315263f1e7806bf8c55d8ac139d5f                                     7 minutes ago       Running             nginx                      0
1941fb4da154f       k8s-gcrio.azureedge.net/hyperkube-amd64@sha256:00d814b1f7763f4ab5be80c58e98140dfc69df107f253d7fdd714b30a714260a   17 hours ago        Running             kube-proxy                 0

Context: 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                                                                CREATED             STATE               NAME                       ATTEMPT
1f73f2d81bf98       busybox@sha256:141c253bc4c3fd0a201d32dc1f493bcf3fff003b6df416dea4f41046e0f37d47                                   6 minutes ago       Running             sh                         1
87d3992f84f74       nginx@sha256:d0a8828cccb73397acb0073bf34f4d7d8aa315263f1e7806bf8c55d8ac139d5f                                     7 minutes ago       Running             nginx                      0
1941fb4da154f       k8s-gcrio.azureedge.net/hyperkube-amd64@sha256:00d814b1f7763f4ab5be80c58e98140dfc69df107f253d7fdd714b30a714260a   17 hours ago        Running             kube-proxy                 0

Response: This text code 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

bin   dev   etc   home  proc  root  sys   tmp   usr   var

Response: This text code 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | Get all container logs:

Context: 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | Get all container logs:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

10.240.0.96 - - [06/Jun/2018:02:45:49 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.47.0" "-"
10.240.0.96 - - [06/Jun/2018:02:45:50 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.47.0" "-"
10.240.0.96 - - [06/Jun/2018:02:45:51 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.47.0" "-"

Response: This text code 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | Get only the latest N lines of logs:

Context: 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | Get only the latest N lines of logs:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

10.240.0.96 - - [06/Jun/2018:02:45:51 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.47.0" "-"

Response: This text code 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | Kubernetes auditing provides a security-relevant, chronological set of records documenting the sequence of actions in a cluster. The cluster audits the activities generated by users, by applications t

Context: 4.4.5 - Debugging Kubernetes nodes with crictl | Kubernetes auditing provides a security-relevant, chronological set of records documenting the sequence of actions in a cluster. The cluster audits the activities generated by users, by applications t


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: audit.k8s.io/v1 # This is required.
kind: Policy
# Don't generate audit events for all requests in RequestReceived stage.
omitStages:
  - "RequestReceived"
rules:
  # Log pod changes at RequestResponse level
  - level: RequestResponse
    resources:
    - group: ""
      # Resource "pods" doesn't match requests to any subresource of pods,
      # which is consistent with the RBAC policy.
      resources: ["pods"]
  # Log "pods/log", "pods/status" at Metadata level
  - level: Metadata
    resources:
    - group: ""
      resources: ["pods/log", "pods/status"]

  # Don't log requests to a configmap called "controller-leader"
  - level: None
    resources:
    - group: ""
      resources: ["configmaps"]
      resourceNames: ["controller-leader"]

  # Don't log watch requests by the "system:kube-proxy" on endpoints or services
  - level: None
    users: ["system:kube-proxy"]
    verbs: ["watch"]
    resources:
    - group: "" # core API group
      resources: ["endpoints", "services"]

Response:
  # Don't log authenticated requests to certain non-resource URL paths.
  - level: None
    userGroups: ["system:authenticated"]
    nonResourceURLs:
    - "/api*" # Wildcard matching.
    - "/version"

  # Log the request body of configmap changes in kube-system.
  - level: Request
    resources:
    - group: "" # core API group
      resources: ["configmaps"]
    # This rule only applies to resources in the "kube-system" namespace.
    # The empty string "" can be used to select non-namespaced resources.
    namespaces: ["kube-system"]

  # Log configmap and secret changes in all other namespaces at the Metadata level.
  - level: Metadata
    resources:
    - group: "" # core API group
      resources: ["secrets", "configmaps"]

  # Log all other resources in core and extensions at the Request level.
  - level: Request
    resources:
    - group: "" # core API group
    - group: "extensions" # Version of group should NOT be included.

  # A catch-all rule to log all other requests at the Metadata level.
  - level: Metadata
    # Long-running requests like watches that fall under this rule will not
    # generate an audit event in RequestReceived.
    omitStages:
      - "RequestReceived"

Context: 4.4.6 - Auditing | You can use a minimal audit policy file to log all requests at the Metadata level:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: audit.k8s.io/v1 # This is required.
kind: Policy
# Don't generate audit events for all requests in RequestReceived stage.
omitStages:
  - "RequestReceived"
rules:
  # Log pod changes at RequestResponse level
  - level: RequestResponse
    resources:
    - group: ""
      # Resource "pods" doesn't match requests to any subresource of pods,
      # which is consistent with the RBAC policy.
      resources: ["pods"]
  # Log "pods/log", "pods/status" at Metadata level
  - level: Metadata
    resources:
    - group: ""
      resources: ["pods/log", "pods/status"]

  # Don't log requests to a configmap called "controller-leader"
  - level: None
    resources:
    - group: ""
      resources: ["configmaps"]
      resourceNames: ["controller-leader"]

  # Don't log watch requests by the "system:kube-proxy" on endpoints or services
  - level: None
    users: ["system:kube-proxy"]
    verbs: ["watch"]
    resources:
    - group: "" # core API group
      resources: ["endpoints", "services"]

  # Don't log authenticated requests to certain non-resource URL paths.
  - level: None
    userGroups: ["system:authenticated"]
    nonResourceURLs:
    - "/api*" # Wildcard matching.
    - "/version"

  # Log the request body of configmap changes in kube-system.
  - level: Request
    resources:
    - group: "" # core API group
      resources: ["configmaps"]
    # This rule only applies to resources in the "kube-system" namespace.
    # The empty string "" can be used to select non-namespaced resources.
    namespaces: ["kube-system"]

  # Log configmap and secret changes in all other namespaces at the Metadata level.
  - level: Metadata
    resources:
    - group: "" # core API group
      resources: ["secrets", "configmaps"]

  # Log all other resources in core and extensions at the Request level.
  - level: Request
    resources:
    - group: "" # core API group
    - group: "extensions" # Version of group should NOT be included.

  # A catch-all rule to log all other requests at the Metadata level.
  - level: Metadata
    # Long-running requests like watches that fall under this rule will not
    # generate an audit event in RequestReceived.
    omitStages:
      - "RequestReceived"

Response: This yaml code 4.4.6 - Auditing | You can use a minimal audit policy file to log all requests at the Metadata level:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

# Log all requests at the Metadata level.
apiVersion: audit.k8s.io/v1

Response:
kind: Policy
rules:
- level: Metadata

Context: 4.4.6 - Auditing | If you're crafting your own audit profile, you can use the audit profile for Google Container-Optimized OS as a starting point. You can check the configure-helper.sh script, which generates an audit p


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

# Log all requests at the Metadata level.
apiVersion: audit.k8s.io/v1
kind: Policy
rules:
- level: Metadata

Response: This yaml code 4.4.6 - Auditing | If you're crafting your own audit profile, you can use the audit profile for Google Container-Optimized OS as a starting point. You can check the configure-helper.sh script, which generates an audit p


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

/apis/batch/v1/namespaces/some-namespace/jobs/some-job-name

Response: This text code 4.4.6 - Auditing | The log backend writes audit events to a file in JSONlines format. You can configure the log audit backend using the following kube-apiserver flags:

Context: 4.4.6 - Auditing | The log backend writes audit events to a file in JSONlines format. You can configure the log audit backend using the following kube-apiserver flags:


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

[
  {
    "op": "replace",
    "path": "/spec/parallelism",
    "value": 0

Response:
  },
  {
    "op": "remove",
    "path": "/spec/template/spec/containers/0/terminationMessagePolicy"
  }
]


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[
  {
    "op": "replace",
    "path": "/spec/parallelism",
    "value": 0
  },
  {
    "op": "remove",
    "path": "/spec/template/spec/containers/0/terminationMessagePolicy"
  }
]

Response: This json code 4.4.6 - Auditing | The log backend writes audit events to a file in JSONlines format. You can configure the log audit backend using the following kube-apiserver flags:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

- --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml
  - --audit-log-path=/var/log/kubernetes/audit/audit.log

Response: This yaml code 4.4.6 - Auditing | then mount the volumes:

Context: 4.4.6 - Auditing | then mount the volumes:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

...
volumeMounts:
  - mountPath: /etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml
    name: audit

Response:
    readOnly: true
  - mountPath: /var/log/kubernetes/audit/
    name: audit-log
    readOnly: false

Context: 4.4.6 - Auditing | and finally configure the hostPath:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

...
volumeMounts:
  - mountPath: /etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml
    name: audit
    readOnly: true
  - mountPath: /var/log/kubernetes/audit/
    name: audit-log
    readOnly: false

Response: This yaml code 4.4.6 - Auditing | and finally configure the hostPath:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

...
volumes:
- name: audit
  hostPath:
    path: /etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml

Response:
    type: File

- name: audit-log
  hostPath:
    path: /var/log/kubernetes/audit/
    type: DirectoryOrCreate

Context: 4.4.6 - Auditing | The webhook audit backend sends audit events to a remote web API, which is assumed to be a form of the Kubernetes API, including means of authentication. You can configure a webhook audit backend usin


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

...
volumes:
- name: audit
  hostPath:
    path: /etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml
    type: File

- name: audit-log
  hostPath:
    path: /var/log/kubernetes/audit/
    type: DirectoryOrCreate

Response: This yaml code 4.4.6 - Auditing | The webhook audit backend sends audit events to a remote web API, which is assumed to be a form of the Kubernetes API, including means of authentication. You can configure a webhook audit backend usin


Prompt:
Explain this console code:

Creating debugging pod node-debugger-mynode-pdx84 with container debugger on node mynode.
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
root@mynode:/#

Response: This console code 4.4.7 - Debugging Kubernetes Nodes With Kubectl | The debug command helps to gather information and troubleshoot issues. Commands that you might use include ip, ifconfig, nc, ping, and ps and so on. You can also install other tools, such as mtr, tcpd

Context: 4.4.7 - Debugging Kubernetes Nodes With Kubectl | The debug command helps to gather information and troubleshoot issues. Commands that you might use include ip, ifconfig, nc, ping, and ps and so on. You can also install other tools, such as mtr, tcpd


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

NAME                          READY   STATUS       RESTARTS   AGE
node-debugger-mynode-pdx84    0/1     Completed    0          8m1s

Response: This none code 4.4.7 - Debugging Kubernetes Nodes With Kubectl | Kubernetes applications usually consist of multiple, separate services, each running in its own container. Developing and debugging these services on a remote Kubernetes cluster can be cumbersome, req

Context: 4.4.7 - Debugging Kubernetes Nodes With Kubectl | Kubernetes applications usually consist of multiple, separate services, each running in its own container. Developing and debugging these services on a remote Kubernetes cluster can be cumbersome, req


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Change the pod name accordingly
kubectl delete pod node-debugger-mynode-pdx84 --now

Response: This shell code 4.4.7 - Debugging Kubernetes Nodes With Kubectl | Kubernetes applications usually consist of multiple, separate services, each running in its own container. Developing and debugging these services on a remote Kubernetes cluster can be cumbersome, req


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

$ telepresence connect

Response:
Launching Telepresence Daemon
...
Connected to context default (https://<cluster public IP>)

Context: 4.4.8 - Developing and debugging services locally using telepresence | You can curl services using the Kubernetes syntax e.g. curl -ik https://kubernetes.default


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

$ telepresence connect

Launching Telepresence Daemon
...
Connected to context default (https://<cluster public IP>)

Response: This text code 4.4.8 - Developing and debugging services locally using telepresence | You can curl services using the Kubernetes syntax e.g. curl -ik https://kubernetes.default


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

telepresence intercept $SERVICE_NAME --port $LOCAL_PORT:$REMOTE_PORT

Response: This text code 4.4.8 - Developing and debugging services locally using telepresence | Where:

Context: 4.4.8 - Developing and debugging services locally using telepresence | Where:


Prompt:
Complete this conf code:

"ExceptionList": [
                "10.244.0.0/16",  # Cluster subnet

Response:
                "10.96.0.0/12",   # Service subnet
                "10.127.130.0/24" # Management (host) subnet
            ]

Context: 4.4.9 - Windows debugging tips | My Windows node cannot access NodePort type Services


Prompt:
Explain this conf code:

"ExceptionList": [
                "10.244.0.0/16",  # Cluster subnet
                "10.96.0.0/12",   # Service subnet
                "10.127.130.0/24" # Management (host) subnet
            ]

Response: This conf code 4.4.9 - Windows debugging tips | My Windows node cannot access NodePort type Services


Prompt:
Explain this powershell code:

C:\k\kube-proxy.exe --hostname-override=$(hostname)

Response: This powershell code 4.4.9 - Windows debugging tips | My Windows node cannot access my services using the service IP

Context: 4.4.9 - Windows debugging tips | My Windows node cannot access my services using the service IP


Prompt:
Explain this powershell code:

Get-HnsNetwork | ? Name -ieq "cbr0"
Get-NetAdapter | ? Name -Like "vEthernet (Ethernet*"

Response: This powershell code 4.4.9 - Windows debugging tips | Often it is worthwhile to modify the InterfaceName parameter of the start.ps1 script, in cases where the host's network adapter isn't "Ethernet". Otherwise, consult the output of the start-kubelet.ps1

Context: 4.4.9 - Windows debugging tips | Often it is worthwhile to modify the InterfaceName parameter of the start.ps1 script, in cases where the host's network adapter isn't "Ethernet". Otherwise, consult the output of the start-kubelet.ps1


Prompt:
Explain this PowerShell code:

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("HTTP_PROXY", "http://proxy.example.com:80/", [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("HTTPS_PROXY", "http://proxy.example.com:443/", [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)

Response: This PowerShell code 4.4.9 - Windows debugging tips | With Flannel, my nodes are having issues after rejoining a cluster

Context: 4.4.9 - Windows debugging tips | With Flannel, my nodes are having issues after rejoining a cluster


Prompt:
Explain this powershell code:

Remove-Item C:\k\SourceVip.json
Remove-Item C:\k\SourceVipRequest.json

Response: This powershell code 4.4.9 - Windows debugging tips | Flanneld is stuck in "Waiting for the Network to be created"

Context: 4.4.9 - Windows debugging tips | Flanneld is stuck in "Waiting for the Network to be created"


Prompt:
Explain this powershell code:

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("NODE_NAME", "<Windows_Worker_Hostname>")
C:\flannel\flanneld.exe --kubeconfig-file=c:\k\config --iface=<Windows_Worker_Node_IP> --ip-masq=1 --kube-subnet-mgr=1

Response: This powershell code 4.4.9 - Windows debugging tips | My Windows Pods cannot launch because of missing /run/flannel/subnet.env

Context: 4.4.9 - Windows debugging tips | My Windows Pods cannot launch because of missing /run/flannel/subnet.env


Prompt:
Complete this env code:

FLANNEL_NETWORK=10.244.0.0/16
FLANNEL_SUBNET=10.244.4.1/24

Response:
FLANNEL_MTU=1500
FLANNEL_IPMASQ=true

Context: 4.4.9 - Windows debugging tips | If these steps don't resolve your problem, you can get help running Windows containers on Windows nodes in Kubernetes through:


Prompt:
Explain this env code:

FLANNEL_NETWORK=10.244.0.0/16
FLANNEL_SUBNET=10.244.4.1/24
FLANNEL_MTU=1500
FLANNEL_IPMASQ=true

Response: This env code 4.4.9 - Windows debugging tips | If these steps don't resolve your problem, you can get help running Windows containers on Windows nodes in Kubernetes through:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: '{...}'

Response: This bash code 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | Here's an example of an object configuration file:

Context: 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | Here's an example of an object configuration file:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  minReadySeconds: 5

Response:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.14.2
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

Context: 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | Run kubectl diff to print the object that will be created:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  minReadySeconds: 5
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.14.2
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

Response: This yaml code 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | Run kubectl diff to print the object that will be created:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl diff -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/simple_deployment.yaml

Response: This shell code 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | diff uses server-side dry-run, which needs to be enabled on kube-apiserver.

Context: 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | diff uses server-side dry-run, which needs to be enabled on kube-apiserver.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/simple_deployment.yaml

Response: This shell code 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | Print the live configuration using kubectl get:

Context: 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | Print the live configuration using kubectl get:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/simple_deployment.yaml -o yaml

Response: This shell code 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | The output shows that the kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration annotation was written to the live configuration, and it matches the configuration file:

Context: 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | The output shows that the kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration annotation was written to the live configuration, and it matches the configuration file:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

kind: Deployment
metadata:
  annotations:
    # ...
    # This is the json representation of simple_deployment.yaml
    # It was written by kubectl apply when the object was created
    kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: |
      {"apiVersion":"apps/v1","kind":"Deployment",
      "metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"nginx-deployment","namespace":"default"},
      "spec":{"minReadySeconds":5,"selector":{"matchLabels":{"app":nginx}},"template":{"metadata":{"labels":{"app":"nginx"}},
      "spec":{"containers":[{"image":"nginx:1.14.2","name":"nginx",
      "ports":[{"containerPort":80}]}]}}}}
  # ...
spec:
  # ...
  minReadySeconds: 5
  selector:
    matchLabels:

Response:
      # ...
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      # ...
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx:1.14.2
        # ...
        name: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        # ...
      # ...
    # ...
  # ...

Context: 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | You can also use kubectl apply to update all objects defined in a directory, even if those objects already exist. This approach accomplishes the following:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

kind: Deployment
metadata:
  annotations:
    # ...
    # This is the json representation of simple_deployment.yaml
    # It was written by kubectl apply when the object was created
    kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: |
      {"apiVersion":"apps/v1","kind":"Deployment",
      "metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"nginx-deployment","namespace":"default"},
      "spec":{"minReadySeconds":5,"selector":{"matchLabels":{"app":nginx}},"template":{"metadata":{"labels":{"app":"nginx"}},
      "spec":{"containers":[{"image":"nginx:1.14.2","name":"nginx",
      "ports":[{"containerPort":80}]}]}}}}
  # ...
spec:
  # ...
  minReadySeconds: 5
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      # ...
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      # ...
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx:1.14.2
        # ...
        name: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        # ...
      # ...
    # ...
  # ...

Response: This yaml code 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | You can also use kubectl apply to update all objects defined in a directory, even if those objects already exist. This approach accomplishes the following:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl diff -f <directory>
kubectl apply -f <directory>

Response: This shell code 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | Here's an example configuration file:

Context: 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | Here's an example configuration file:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  minReadySeconds: 5

Response:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.14.2
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

Context: 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | Create the object using kubectl apply:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  minReadySeconds: 5
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.14.2
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

Response: This yaml code 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | Create the object using kubectl apply:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/simple_deployment.yaml

Response: This shell code 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | Print the live configuration using kubectl get:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/simple_deployment.yaml -o yaml

Response: This shell code 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | The output shows that the kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration annotation was written to the live configuration, and it matches the configuration file:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

kind: Deployment
metadata:
  annotations:
    # ...
    # This is the json representation of simple_deployment.yaml
    # It was written by kubectl apply when the object was created
    kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: |
      {"apiVersion":"apps/v1","kind":"Deployment",
      "metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"nginx-deployment","namespace":"default"},
      "spec":{"minReadySeconds":5,"selector":{"matchLabels":{"app":nginx}},"template":{"metadata":{"labels":{"app":"nginx"}},
      "spec":{"containers":[{"image":"nginx:1.14.2","name":"nginx",
      "ports":[{"containerPort":80}]}]}}}}
  # ...
spec:
  # ...
  minReadySeconds: 5
  selector:
    matchLabels:

Response:
      # ...
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      # ...
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx:1.14.2
        # ...
        name: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        # ...
      # ...
    # ...
  # ...

Context: 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | Directly update the replicas field in the live configuration by using kubectl scale. This does not use kubectl apply:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

kind: Deployment
metadata:
  annotations:
    # ...
    # This is the json representation of simple_deployment.yaml
    # It was written by kubectl apply when the object was created
    kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: |
      {"apiVersion":"apps/v1","kind":"Deployment",
      "metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"nginx-deployment","namespace":"default"},
      "spec":{"minReadySeconds":5,"selector":{"matchLabels":{"app":nginx}},"template":{"metadata":{"labels":{"app":"nginx"}},
      "spec":{"containers":[{"image":"nginx:1.14.2","name":"nginx",
      "ports":[{"containerPort":80}]}]}}}}
  # ...
spec:
  # ...
  minReadySeconds: 5
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      # ...
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      # ...
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx:1.14.2
        # ...
        name: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        # ...
      # ...
    # ...
  # ...

Response: This yaml code 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | Directly update the replicas field in the live configuration by using kubectl scale. This does not use kubectl apply:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl scale deployment/nginx-deployment --replicas=2

Response: This shell code 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | Print the live configuration using kubectl get:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  annotations:
    # ...
    # note that the annotation does not contain replicas
    # because it was not updated through apply
    kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: |
      {"apiVersion":"apps/v1","kind":"Deployment",
      "metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"nginx-deployment","namespace":"default"},
      "spec":{"minReadySeconds":5,"selector":{"matchLabels":{"app":nginx}},"template":{"metadata":{"labels":{"app":"nginx"}},
      "spec":{"containers":[{"image":"nginx:1.14.2","name":"nginx",
      "ports":[{"containerPort":80}]}]}}}}
  # ...
spec:
  replicas: 2 # written by scale
  # ...

Response:
  minReadySeconds: 5
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      # ...
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      # ...
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx:1.14.2
        # ...
        name: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
      # ...

Context: 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | Update the simple_deployment.yaml configuration file to change the image from nginx:1.14.2 to nginx:1.16.1, and delete the minReadySeconds field:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  annotations:
    # ...
    # note that the annotation does not contain replicas
    # because it was not updated through apply
    kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: |
      {"apiVersion":"apps/v1","kind":"Deployment",
      "metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"nginx-deployment","namespace":"default"},
      "spec":{"minReadySeconds":5,"selector":{"matchLabels":{"app":nginx}},"template":{"metadata":{"labels":{"app":"nginx"}},
      "spec":{"containers":[{"image":"nginx:1.14.2","name":"nginx",
      "ports":[{"containerPort":80}]}]}}}}
  # ...
spec:
  replicas: 2 # written by scale
  # ...
  minReadySeconds: 5
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      # ...
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      # ...
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx:1.14.2
        # ...
        name: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
      # ...

Response: This yaml code 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | Update the simple_deployment.yaml configuration file to change the image from nginx:1.14.2 to nginx:1.16.1, and delete the minReadySeconds field:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:

Response:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.16.1 # update the image
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

Context: 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | Apply the changes made to the configuration file:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.16.1 # update the image
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

Response: This yaml code 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | Apply the changes made to the configuration file:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl diff -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/update_deployment.yaml
kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/update_deployment.yaml

Response: This shell code 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | Print the live configuration using kubectl get:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/update_deployment.yaml -o yaml

Response: This shell code 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | The output shows the following changes to the live configuration:

Context: 5.1 - Declarative Management of Kubernetes Objects Using Configuration Files | The output shows the following changes to the live configuration: