Prompt:
Explain this text code:

version: "2"
services:
  web:
    image: tuna/docker-counter23
    ports:
    - "5000:5000"
    links:
    - redis
    labels:
      kompose.service.expose: "counter.example.com"
  redis:
    image: redis:3.0
    ports:
    - "6379"

Response: This text code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | The currently supported options are:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

version: '2'

services:

Response:
  pival:
    image: perl
    command: ["perl",  "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
    restart: "on-failure"

Context: 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | If the Docker Compose file has a volume specified for a service, the Deployment (Kubernetes) or DeploymentConfig (OpenShift) strategy is changed to "Recreate" instead of "RollingUpdate" (default). Thi


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

version: '2'

services:
  pival:
    image: perl
    command: ["perl",  "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
    restart: "on-failure"

Response: This text code 3.27 - Translate a Docker Compose File to Kubernetes Resources | If the Docker Compose file has a volume specified for a service, the Deployment (Kubernetes) or DeploymentConfig (OpenShift) strategy is changed to "Recreate" instead of "RollingUpdate" (default). Thi


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: AdmissionConfiguration
plugins:
- name: PodSecurity
  configuration:
    apiVersion: pod-security.admission.config.k8s.io/v1 # see compatibility note
    kind: PodSecurityConfiguration
    # Defaults applied when a mode label is not set.
    #
    # Level label values must be one of:
    # - "privileged" (default)
    # - "baseline"
    # - "restricted"
    #
    # Version label values must be one of:

Response:
    # - "latest" (default)
    # - specific version like "v1.34"
    defaults:
      enforce: "privileged"
      enforce-version: "latest"
      audit: "privileged"
      audit-version: "latest"
      warn: "privileged"
      warn-version: "latest"
    exemptions:
      # Array of authenticated usernames to exempt.
      usernames: []
      # Array of runtime class names to exempt.
      runtimeClasses: []
      # Array of namespaces to exempt.
      namespaces: []

Context: 3.28 - Enforce Pod Security Standards by Configuring the Built-in Admission Controller | Namespaces can be labeled to enforce the Pod Security Standards. The three policies privileged, baseline and restricted broadly cover the security spectrum and are implemented by the Pod Security admi


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apiserver.config.k8s.io/v1
kind: AdmissionConfiguration
plugins:
- name: PodSecurity
  configuration:
    apiVersion: pod-security.admission.config.k8s.io/v1 # see compatibility note
    kind: PodSecurityConfiguration
    # Defaults applied when a mode label is not set.
    #
    # Level label values must be one of:
    # - "privileged" (default)
    # - "baseline"
    # - "restricted"
    #
    # Version label values must be one of:
    # - "latest" (default)
    # - specific version like "v1.34"
    defaults:
      enforce: "privileged"
      enforce-version: "latest"
      audit: "privileged"
      audit-version: "latest"
      warn: "privileged"
      warn-version: "latest"
    exemptions:
      # Array of authenticated usernames to exempt.
      usernames: []
      # Array of runtime class names to exempt.
      runtimeClasses: []
      # Array of namespaces to exempt.
      namespaces: []

Response: This yaml code 3.28 - Enforce Pod Security Standards by Configuring the Built-in Admission Controller | Namespaces can be labeled to enforce the Pod Security Standards. The three policies privileged, baseline and restricted broadly cover the security spectrum and are implemented by the Pod Security admi


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: my-baseline-namespace
  labels:
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: baseline

Response:
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce-version: v1.34

    # We are setting these to our _desired_ `enforce` level.
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit: restricted
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit-version: v1.34
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn: restricted
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn-version: v1.34

Context: 3.29 - Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels | It is helpful to apply the --dry-run flag when initially evaluating security profile changes for namespaces. The Pod Security Standard checks will still be run in dry run mode, giving you information


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: my-baseline-namespace
  labels:
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: baseline
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce-version: v1.34

    # We are setting these to our _desired_ `enforce` level.
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit: restricted
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit-version: v1.34
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn: restricted
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn-version: v1.34

Response: This yaml code 3.29 - Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels | It is helpful to apply the --dry-run flag when initially evaluating security profile changes for namespaces. The Pod Security Standard checks will still be run in dry run mode, giving you information


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl label --dry-run=server --overwrite ns --all \
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce=baseline

Response: This bash code 3.29 - Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels | If you're just getting started with the Pod Security Standards, a suitable first step would be to configure all namespaces with audit annotations for a stricter level such as baseline:

Context: 3.29 - Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels | If you're just getting started with the Pod Security Standards, a suitable first step would be to configure all namespaces with audit annotations for a stricter level such as baseline:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl label --overwrite ns --all \
  pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit=baseline \
  pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn=baseline

Response: This bash code 3.29 - Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels | Note that this is not setting an enforce level, so that namespaces that haven't been explicitly evaluated can be distinguished. You can list namespaces without an explicitly set enforce level using th

Context: 3.29 - Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels | Note that this is not setting an enforce level, so that namespaces that haven't been explicitly evaluated can be distinguished. You can list namespaces without an explicitly set enforce level using th


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get namespaces --selector='!pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce'

Response: This bash code 3.29 - Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels | You can update a specific namespace as well. This command adds the enforce=restricted policy to my-existing-namespace, pinning the restricted policy version to v1.34.

Context: 3.29 - Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels | You can update a specific namespace as well. This command adds the enforce=restricted policy to my-existing-namespace, pinning the restricted policy version to v1.34.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl label --overwrite ns my-existing-namespace \
  pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce=restricted \
  pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce-version=v1.34

Response: This bash code 3.29 - Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels | This page describes the process of migrating from PodSecurityPolicies to the built-in PodSecurity admission controller. This can be done effectively using a combination of dry-run and audit and warn m

Context: 3.29 - Enforce Pod Security Standards with Namespace Labels | This page describes the process of migrating from PodSecurityPolicies to the built-in PodSecurity admission controller. This can be done effectively using a combination of dry-run and audit and warn m


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

PSP_NAME="original" # Set the name of the PSP you're checking for
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o jsonpath="{range .items[?(@.metadata.annotations.kubernetes\.io\/psp=='$PSP_NAME')]}{.metadata.namespace} {.metadata.name}{'\n'}{end}"

Response: This text code 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | The following steps will need to be performed on every namespace in the cluster. Commands referenced in these steps use the $NAMESPACE variable to refer to the namespace being updated.

Context: 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | The following steps will need to be performed on every namespace in the cluster. Commands referenced in these steps use the $NAMESPACE variable to refer to the namespace being updated.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pods -n $NAMESPACE -o jsonpath="{.items[*].metadata.annotations.kubernetes\.io\/psp}" | tr " " "\n" | sort -u

Response: This bash code 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | Once you have selected a Pod Security level for the namespace (or if you're trying several), it's a good idea to test it out first (you can skip this step if using the Privileged level). Pod Security

Context: 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | Once you have selected a Pod Security level for the namespace (or if you're trying several), it's a good idea to test it out first (you can skip this step if using the Privileged level). Pod Security


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# $LEVEL is the level to dry-run, either "baseline" or "restricted".
kubectl label --dry-run=server --overwrite ns $NAMESPACE pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce=$LEVEL

Response: This text code 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | This command will return a warning for any existing pods that are not valid under the proposed level.

Context: 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | This command will return a warning for any existing pods that are not valid under the proposed level.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl label --overwrite ns $NAMESPACE pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit=$LEVEL

Response: This bash code 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | If either of these approaches yield unexpected violations, you will need to either update the violating workloads to meet the policy requirements, or relax the namespace Pod Security level.

Context: 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | If either of these approaches yield unexpected violations, you will need to either update the violating workloads to meet the policy requirements, or relax the namespace Pod Security level.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl label --overwrite ns $NAMESPACE pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce=$LEVEL

Response: This bash code 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | Finally, you can effectively bypass PodSecurityPolicy at the namespace level by binding the fully privileged PSP to all service accounts in the namespace.

Context: 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | Finally, you can effectively bypass PodSecurityPolicy at the namespace level by binding the fully privileged PSP to all service accounts in the namespace.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# The following cluster-scoped commands are only needed once.
kubectl apply -f privileged-psp.yaml
kubectl create clusterrole privileged-psp --verb use --resource podsecuritypolicies.policy --resource-name privileged

Response:
# Per-namespace disable
kubectl create -n $NAMESPACE rolebinding disable-psp --clusterrole privileged-psp --group system:serviceaccounts:$NAMESPACE

Context: 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | Since the privileged PSP is non-mutating, and the PSP admission controller always prefers non-mutating PSPs, this will ensure that pods in this namespace are no longer being modified or restricted by


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# The following cluster-scoped commands are only needed once.
kubectl apply -f privileged-psp.yaml
kubectl create clusterrole privileged-psp --verb use --resource podsecuritypolicies.policy --resource-name privileged

# Per-namespace disable
kubectl create -n $NAMESPACE rolebinding disable-psp --clusterrole privileged-psp --group system:serviceaccounts:$NAMESPACE

Response: This text code 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | Since the privileged PSP is non-mutating, and the PSP admission controller always prefers non-mutating PSPs, this will ensure that pods in this namespace are no longer being modified or restricted by


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Undo PodSecurityPolicy disablement.
kubectl delete -n $NAMESPACE rolebinding disable-psp

Response: This text code 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | Now that existing namespaces have been updated to enforce Pod Security Admission, you should ensure that your processes and/or policies for creating new namespaces are updated to ensure that an approp

Context: 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | Now that existing namespaces have been updated to enforce Pod Security Admission, you should ensure that your processes and/or policies for creating new namespaces are updated to ensure that an approp


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

I0218 00:59:44.903329      13 plugins.go:158] Loaded 16 mutating admission controller(s) successfully in the following order: NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,NodeRestriction,TaintNodesByCondition,Priority,DefaultTolerationSeconds,ExtendedResourceToleration,PersistentVolumeLabel,DefaultStorageClass,StorageObjectInUseProtection,RuntimeClass,DefaultIngressClass,MutatingAdmissionWebhook.
I0218 00:59:44.903350      13 plugins.go:161] Loaded 14 validating admission controller(s) successfully in the following order: LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,PodSecurity,Priority,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,RuntimeClass,CertificateApproval,CertificateSigning,CertificateSubjectRestriction,DenyServiceExternalIPs,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota.

Response: This text code 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | You should see PodSecurity (in the validating admission controllers), and neither list should contain PodSecurityPolicy.

Context: 3.30 - Migrate from PodSecurityPolicy to the Built-In PodSecurity Admission Controller | You should see PodSecurity (in the validating admission controllers), and neither list should contain PodSecurityPolicy.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

I0805 10:43:25.129850   46757 schema.go:126] unknown field: commnd
I0805 10:43:25.129973   46757 schema.go:129] this may be a false alarm, see https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/6842
pods/mypod

Response: This text code 4.3.1 - Debug Pods | The next thing to check is whether the pod on the apiserver matches the pod you meant to create (e.g. in a yaml file on your local machine). For example, run kubectl get pods/mypod -o yaml > mypod-on-

Context: 4.3.1 - Debug Pods | The next thing to check is whether the pod on the apiserver matches the pod you meant to create (e.g. in a yaml file on your local machine). For example, run kubectl get pods/mypod -o yaml > mypod-on-


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get endpointslices -l kubernetes.io/service-name=${SERVICE_NAME}

Response: This bash code 4.3.1 - Debug Pods | Make sure that the endpoints in the EndpointSlices match up with the number of pods that you expect to be members of your service. For example, if your Service is for an nginx container with 3 replica

Context: 4.3.1 - Debug Pods | Make sure that the endpoints in the EndpointSlices match up with the number of pods that you expect to be members of your service. For example, if your Service is for an nginx container with 3 replica


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

...
spec:

Response:
  - selector:
     name: nginx
     type: frontend

Context: 4.3.1 - Debug Pods | You can use:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

...
spec:
  - selector:
     name: nginx
     type: frontend

Response: This text code 4.3.1 - Debug Pods | You can use:

Context: 4.3.1 - Debug Pods | You can use:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pods --selector=name=nginx,type=frontend

Response: This bash code 4.3.1 - Debug Pods | to list pods that match this selector. Verify that the list matches the Pods that you expect to provide your Service. Verify that the pod's containerPort matches up with the Service's targetPort

Context: 4.3.1 - Debug Pods | to list pods that match this selector. Verify that the list matches the Pods that you expect to provide your Service. Verify that the pod's containerPort matches up with the Service's targetPort


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl run -it --rm --restart=Never busybox --image=gcr.io/google-containers/busybox sh

Response: This bash code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you already have a running Pod that you prefer to use, you can run a command in it using:

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you already have a running Pod that you prefer to use, you can run a command in it using:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl exec <POD-NAME> -c <CONTAINER-NAME> -- <COMMAND>

Response: This bash code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | For the purposes of this walk-through, let's run some Pods. Since you're probably debugging your own Service you can substitute your own details, or you can follow along and get a second data point.

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | For the purposes of this walk-through, let's run some Pods. Since you're probably debugging your own Service you can substitute your own details, or you can follow along and get a second data point.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl create deployment hostnames --image=registry.k8s.io/serve_hostname

Response: This bash code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | kubectl commands will print the type and name of the resource created or mutated, which can then be used in subsequent commands.

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | kubectl commands will print the type and name of the resource created or mutated, which can then be used in subsequent commands.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: hostnames
  name: hostnames
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:

Response:
      app: hostnames
  replicas: 3
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: hostnames
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: hostnames
        image: registry.k8s.io/serve_hostname

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | The label "app" is automatically set by kubectl create deployment to the name of the Deployment.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: hostnames
  name: hostnames
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: hostnames
  replicas: 3
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: hostnames
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: hostnames
        image: registry.k8s.io/serve_hostname

Response: This yaml code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | The label "app" is automatically set by kubectl create deployment to the name of the Deployment.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME                        READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
hostnames-632524106-bbpiw   1/1       Running   0          2m

Response:
hostnames-632524106-ly40y   1/1       Running   0          2m
hostnames-632524106-tlaok   1/1       Running   0          2m

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | You can also confirm that your Pods are serving. You can get the list of Pod IP addresses and test them directly.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                        READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
hostnames-632524106-bbpiw   1/1       Running   0          2m
hostnames-632524106-ly40y   1/1       Running   0          2m
hostnames-632524106-tlaok   1/1       Running   0          2m

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | You can also confirm that your Pods are serving. You can get the list of Pod IP addresses and test them directly.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pods -l app=hostnames \
    -o go-template='{{range .items}}{{.status.podIP}}{{"\n"}}{{end}}'

Response: This bash code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | The example container used for this walk-through serves its own hostname via HTTP on port 9376, but if you are debugging your own app, you'll want to use whatever port number your Pods are listening o

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | The example container used for this walk-through serves its own hostname via HTTP on port 9376, but if you are debugging your own app, you'll want to use whatever port number your Pods are listening o


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

for ep in 10.244.0.5:9376 10.244.0.6:9376 10.244.0.7:9376; do
    wget -qO- $ep
done

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | This should produce something like:

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | This should produce something like:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

hostnames-632524106-bbpiw
hostnames-632524106-ly40y
hostnames-632524106-tlaok

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you are not getting the responses you expect at this point, your Pods might not be healthy or might not be listening on the port you think they are. You might find kubectl logs to be useful for see

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you are not getting the responses you expect at this point, your Pods might not be healthy or might not be listening on the port you think they are. You might find kubectl logs to be useful for see


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Resolving hostnames (hostnames)... failed: Name or service not known.
wget: unable to resolve host address 'hostnames'

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | The first thing to check is whether that Service actually exists:

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | The first thing to check is whether that Service actually exists:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

No resources found.
Error from server (NotFound): services "hostnames" not found

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | Let's create the Service. As before, this is for the walk-through - you can use your own Service's details here.

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | Let's create the Service. As before, this is for the walk-through - you can use your own Service's details here.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl expose deployment hostnames --port=80 --target-port=9376

Response: This bash code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | And read it back:

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | And read it back:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
hostnames   ClusterIP   10.0.1.175   <none>        80/TCP    5s

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | Now you know that the Service exists.

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | Now you know that the Service exists.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: hostnames
  name: hostnames
spec:

Response:
  selector:
    app: hostnames
  ports:
  - name: default
    protocol: TCP
    port: 80
    targetPort: 9376

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | In order to highlight the full range of configuration, the Service you created here uses a different port number than the Pods. For many real-world Services, these values might be the same.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app: hostnames
  name: hostnames
spec:
  selector:
    app: hostnames
  ports:
  - name: default
    protocol: TCP
    port: 80
    targetPort: 9376

Response: This yaml code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | In order to highlight the full range of configuration, the Service you created here uses a different port number than the Pods. For many real-world Services, these values might be the same.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Response:
Name:      hostnames
Address 1: 10.0.1.175 hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If this fails, perhaps your Pod and Service are in different Namespaces, try a namespace-qualified name (again, from within a Pod):


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name:      hostnames
Address 1: 10.0.1.175 hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If this fails, perhaps your Pod and Service are in different Namespaces, try a namespace-qualified name (again, from within a Pod):


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Response:
Name:      hostnames.default
Address 1: 10.0.1.175 hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If this works, you'll need to adjust your app to use a cross-namespace name, or run your app and Service in the same Namespace. If this still fails, try a fully-qualified name:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name:      hostnames.default
Address 1: 10.0.1.175 hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If this works, you'll need to adjust your app to use a cross-namespace name, or run your app and Service in the same Namespace. If this still fails, try a fully-qualified name:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Response:
Name:      hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local
Address 1: 10.0.1.175 hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | Note the suffix here: "default.svc.cluster.local". The "default" is the Namespace you're operating in. The "svc" denotes that this is a Service. The "cluster.local" is your cluster domain, which COULD


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name:      hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local
Address 1: 10.0.1.175 hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | Note the suffix here: "default.svc.cluster.local". The "default" is the Namespace you're operating in. The "svc" denotes that this is a Service. The "cluster.local" is your cluster domain, which COULD


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

nslookup hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local 10.0.0.10

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you are able to do a fully-qualified name lookup but not a relative one, you need to check that your /etc/resolv.conf file in your Pod is correct. From within a Pod:

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you are able to do a fully-qualified name lookup but not a relative one, you need to check that your /etc/resolv.conf file in your Pod is correct. From within a Pod:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Server:         10.0.0.10
Address:        10.0.0.10#53

Response:
Name:   hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local
Address: 10.0.1.175


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Server:         10.0.0.10
Address:        10.0.0.10#53

Name:   hostnames.default.svc.cluster.local
Address: 10.0.1.175

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you are able to do a fully-qualified name lookup but not a relative one, you need to check that your /etc/resolv.conf file in your Pod is correct. From within a Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

nameserver 10.0.0.10
search default.svc.cluster.local svc.cluster.local cluster.local example.com
options ndots:5

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | The nameserver line must indicate your cluster's DNS Service. This is passed into kubelet with the --cluster-dns flag.

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | The nameserver line must indicate your cluster's DNS Service. This is passed into kubelet with the --cluster-dns flag.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Server:    10.0.0.10
Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Response:
Name:      kubernetes.default
Address 1: 10.0.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If this fails, please see the kube-proxy section of this document, or even go back to the top of this document and start over, but instead of debugging your own Service, debug the DNS Service.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Server:    10.0.0.10
Address 1: 10.0.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name:      kubernetes.default
Address 1: 10.0.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If this fails, please see the kube-proxy section of this document, or even go back to the top of this document and start over, but instead of debugging your own Service, debug the DNS Service.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

for i in $(seq 1 3); do
    wget -qO- 10.0.1.175:80
done

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | This should produce something like:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

hostnames-632524106-bbpiw
hostnames-632524106-ly40y
hostnames-632524106-tlaok

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If your Service is working, you should get correct responses. If not, there are a number of things that could be going wrong. Read on.

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If your Service is working, you should get correct responses. If not, there are a number of things that could be going wrong. Read on.


Prompt:
Complete this json code:

{
    "kind": "Service",
    "apiVersion": "v1",
    "metadata": {
        "name": "hostnames",
        "namespace": "default",
        "uid": "428c8b6c-24bc-11e5-936d-42010af0a9bc",
        "resourceVersion": "347189",
        "creationTimestamp": "2015-07-07T15:24:29Z",
        "labels": {
            "app": "hostnames"
        }
    },
    "spec": {
        "ports": [
            {
                "name": "default",

Response:
                "protocol": "TCP",
                "port": 80,
                "targetPort": 9376,
                "nodePort": 0
            }
        ],
        "selector": {
            "app": "hostnames"
        },
        "clusterIP": "10.0.1.175",
        "type": "ClusterIP",
        "sessionAffinity": "None"
    },
    "status": {
        "loadBalancer": {}
    }
}

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you got this far, you have confirmed that your Service is correctly defined and is resolved by DNS. Now let's check that the Pods you ran are actually being selected by the Service.


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

{
    "kind": "Service",
    "apiVersion": "v1",
    "metadata": {
        "name": "hostnames",
        "namespace": "default",
        "uid": "428c8b6c-24bc-11e5-936d-42010af0a9bc",
        "resourceVersion": "347189",
        "creationTimestamp": "2015-07-07T15:24:29Z",
        "labels": {
            "app": "hostnames"
        }
    },
    "spec": {
        "ports": [
            {
                "name": "default",
                "protocol": "TCP",
                "port": 80,
                "targetPort": 9376,
                "nodePort": 0
            }
        ],
        "selector": {
            "app": "hostnames"
        },
        "clusterIP": "10.0.1.175",
        "type": "ClusterIP",
        "sessionAffinity": "None"
    },
    "status": {
        "loadBalancer": {}
    }
}

Response: This json code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you got this far, you have confirmed that your Service is correctly defined and is resolved by DNS. Now let's check that the Pods you ran are actually being selected by the Service.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME                        READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
hostnames-632524106-bbpiw   1/1       Running   0          1h

Response:
hostnames-632524106-ly40y   1/1       Running   0          1h
hostnames-632524106-tlaok   1/1       Running   0          1h

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | The -l app=hostnames argument is a label selector configured on the Service.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                        READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
hostnames-632524106-bbpiw   1/1       Running   0          1h
hostnames-632524106-ly40y   1/1       Running   0          1h
hostnames-632524106-tlaok   1/1       Running   0          1h

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | The -l app=hostnames argument is a label selector configured on the Service.


Prompt:
Complete this bash code:

kubectl get endpointslices -l k8s.io/service-name=hostnames

Response:
NAME              ADDRESSTYPE   PORTS   ENDPOINTS
hostnames-ytpni   IPv4          9376    10.244.0.5,10.244.0.6,10.244.0.7

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | This confirms that the EndpointSlice controller has found the correct Pods for your Service. If the ENDPOINTS column is <none>, you should check that the spec.selector field of your Service actually s


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get endpointslices -l k8s.io/service-name=hostnames

NAME              ADDRESSTYPE   PORTS   ENDPOINTS
hostnames-ytpni   IPv4          9376    10.244.0.5,10.244.0.6,10.244.0.7

Response: This bash code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | This confirms that the EndpointSlice controller has found the correct Pods for your Service. If the ENDPOINTS column is <none>, you should check that the spec.selector field of your Service actually s


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

for ep in 10.244.0.5:9376 10.244.0.6:9376 10.244.0.7:9376; do
    wget -qO- $ep
done

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | This should produce something like:

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | This should produce something like:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

hostnames-632524106-bbpiw
hostnames-632524106-ly40y
hostnames-632524106-tlaok

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | You expect each Pod in the endpoints list to return its own hostname. If this is not what happens (or whatever the correct behavior is for your own Pods), you should investigate what's happening there

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | You expect each Pod in the endpoints list to return its own hostname. If this is not what happens (or whatever the correct behavior is for your own Pods), you should investigate what's happening there


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

root  4194  0.4  0.1 101864 17696 ?    Sl Jul04  25:43 /usr/local/bin/kube-proxy --master=https://kubernetes-master --kubeconfig=/var/lib/kube-proxy/kubeconfig --v=2

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | Next, confirm that it is not failing something obvious, like contacting the master. To do this, you'll have to look at the logs. Accessing the logs depends on your Node OS. On some OSes it is a file,

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | Next, confirm that it is not failing something obvious, like contacting the master. To do this, you'll have to look at the logs. Accessing the logs depends on your Node OS. On some OSes it is a file,


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

I1027 22:14:53.995134    5063 server.go:200] Running in resource-only container "/kube-proxy"
I1027 22:14:53.998163    5063 server.go:247] Using iptables Proxier.
I1027 22:14:54.038140    5063 proxier.go:352] Setting endpoints for "kube-system/kube-dns:dns-tcp" to [10.244.1.3:53]
I1027 22:14:54.038164    5063 proxier.go:352] Setting endpoints for "kube-system/kube-dns:dns" to [10.244.1.3:53]

Response:
I1027 22:14:54.038209    5063 proxier.go:352] Setting endpoints for "default/kubernetes:https" to [10.240.0.2:443]
I1027 22:14:54.038238    5063 proxier.go:429] Not syncing iptables until Services and Endpoints have been received from master
I1027 22:14:54.040048    5063 proxier.go:294] Adding new service "default/kubernetes:https" at 10.0.0.1:443/TCP
I1027 22:14:54.040154    5063 proxier.go:294] Adding new service "kube-system/kube-dns:dns" at 10.0.0.10:53/UDP
I1027 22:14:54.040223    5063 proxier.go:294] Adding new service "kube-system/kube-dns:dns-tcp" at 10.0.0.10:53/TCP

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you see error messages about not being able to contact the master, you should double-check your Node configuration and installation steps.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

I1027 22:14:53.995134    5063 server.go:200] Running in resource-only container "/kube-proxy"
I1027 22:14:53.998163    5063 server.go:247] Using iptables Proxier.
I1027 22:14:54.038140    5063 proxier.go:352] Setting endpoints for "kube-system/kube-dns:dns-tcp" to [10.244.1.3:53]
I1027 22:14:54.038164    5063 proxier.go:352] Setting endpoints for "kube-system/kube-dns:dns" to [10.244.1.3:53]
I1027 22:14:54.038209    5063 proxier.go:352] Setting endpoints for "default/kubernetes:https" to [10.240.0.2:443]
I1027 22:14:54.038238    5063 proxier.go:429] Not syncing iptables until Services and Endpoints have been received from master
I1027 22:14:54.040048    5063 proxier.go:294] Adding new service "default/kubernetes:https" at 10.0.0.1:443/TCP
I1027 22:14:54.040154    5063 proxier.go:294] Adding new service "kube-system/kube-dns:dns" at 10.0.0.10:53/UDP
I1027 22:14:54.040223    5063 proxier.go:294] Adding new service "kube-system/kube-dns:dns-tcp" at 10.0.0.10:53/TCP

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you see error messages about not being able to contact the master, you should double-check your Node configuration and installation steps.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

-A KUBE-SEP-57KPRZ3JQVENLNBR -s 10.244.3.6/32 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -j MARK --set-xmark 0x00004000/0x00004000
-A KUBE-SEP-57KPRZ3JQVENLNBR -p tcp -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 10.244.3.6:9376
-A KUBE-SEP-WNBA2IHDGP2BOBGZ -s 10.244.1.7/32 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -j MARK --set-xmark 0x00004000/0x00004000
-A KUBE-SEP-WNBA2IHDGP2BOBGZ -p tcp -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 10.244.1.7:9376
-A KUBE-SEP-X3P2623AGDH6CDF3 -s 10.244.2.3/32 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -j MARK --set-xmark 0x00004000/0x00004000

Response:
-A KUBE-SEP-X3P2623AGDH6CDF3 -p tcp -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 10.244.2.3:9376
-A KUBE-SERVICES -d 10.0.1.175/32 -p tcp -m comment --comment "default/hostnames: cluster IP" -m tcp --dport 80 -j KUBE-SVC-NWV5X2332I4OT4T3
-A KUBE-SVC-NWV5X2332I4OT4T3 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -m statistic --mode random --probability 0.33332999982 -j KUBE-SEP-WNBA2IHDGP2BOBGZ
-A KUBE-SVC-NWV5X2332I4OT4T3 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -m statistic --mode random --probability 0.50000000000 -j KUBE-SEP-X3P2623AGDH6CDF3
-A KUBE-SVC-NWV5X2332I4OT4T3 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -j KUBE-SEP-57KPRZ3JQVENLNBR

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | For each port of each Service, there should be 1 rule in KUBE-SERVICES and one KUBE-SVC-<hash> chain. For each Pod endpoint, there should be a small number of rules in that KUBE-SVC-<hash> and one KUB


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

-A KUBE-SEP-57KPRZ3JQVENLNBR -s 10.244.3.6/32 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -j MARK --set-xmark 0x00004000/0x00004000
-A KUBE-SEP-57KPRZ3JQVENLNBR -p tcp -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 10.244.3.6:9376
-A KUBE-SEP-WNBA2IHDGP2BOBGZ -s 10.244.1.7/32 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -j MARK --set-xmark 0x00004000/0x00004000
-A KUBE-SEP-WNBA2IHDGP2BOBGZ -p tcp -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 10.244.1.7:9376
-A KUBE-SEP-X3P2623AGDH6CDF3 -s 10.244.2.3/32 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -j MARK --set-xmark 0x00004000/0x00004000
-A KUBE-SEP-X3P2623AGDH6CDF3 -p tcp -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -m tcp -j DNAT --to-destination 10.244.2.3:9376
-A KUBE-SERVICES -d 10.0.1.175/32 -p tcp -m comment --comment "default/hostnames: cluster IP" -m tcp --dport 80 -j KUBE-SVC-NWV5X2332I4OT4T3
-A KUBE-SVC-NWV5X2332I4OT4T3 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -m statistic --mode random --probability 0.33332999982 -j KUBE-SEP-WNBA2IHDGP2BOBGZ
-A KUBE-SVC-NWV5X2332I4OT4T3 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -m statistic --mode random --probability 0.50000000000 -j KUBE-SEP-X3P2623AGDH6CDF3
-A KUBE-SVC-NWV5X2332I4OT4T3 -m comment --comment "default/hostnames:" -j KUBE-SEP-57KPRZ3JQVENLNBR

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | For each port of each Service, there should be 1 rule in KUBE-SERVICES and one KUBE-SVC-<hash> chain. For each Pod endpoint, there should be a small number of rules in that KUBE-SVC-<hash> and one KUB


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
...
TCP  10.0.1.175:80 rr

Response:
  -> 10.244.0.5:9376               Masq    1      0          0
  -> 10.244.0.6:9376               Masq    1      0          0
  -> 10.244.0.7:9376               Masq    1      0          0
...

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | For each port of each Service, plus any NodePorts, external IPs, and load-balancer IPs, kube-proxy will create a virtual server. For each Pod endpoint, it will create corresponding real servers. In th


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
...
TCP  10.0.1.175:80 rr
  -> 10.244.0.5:9376               Masq    1      0          0
  -> 10.244.0.6:9376               Masq    1      0          0
  -> 10.244.0.7:9376               Masq    1      0          0
...

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | For each port of each Service, plus any NodePorts, external IPs, and load-balancer IPs, kube-proxy will create a virtual server. For each Pod endpoint, it will create corresponding real servers. In th


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Setting endpoints for default/hostnames:default to [10.244.0.5:9376 10.244.0.6:9376 10.244.0.7:9376]

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you don't see those, try restarting kube-proxy with the -v flag set to 4, and then look at the logs again.

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you don't see those, try restarting kube-proxy with the -v flag set to 4, and then look at the logs again.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

root      3392  1.1  0.8 186804 65208 ?        Sl   00:51  11:11 /usr/local/bin/kubelet --enable-debugging-handlers=true --config=/etc/kubernetes/manifests --allow-privileged=True --v=4 --cluster-dns=10.0.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --configure-cbr0=true --cgroup-root=/ --system-cgroups=/system --hairpin-mode=promiscuous-bridge --runtime-cgroups=/docker-daemon --kubelet-cgroups=/kubelet --babysit-daemons=true --max-pods=110 --serialize-image-pulls=false --outofdisk-transition-frequency=0

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you get this far, something very strange is happening. Your Service is running, has EndpointSlices, and your Pods are actually serving. You have DNS working, and kube-proxy does not seem to be misb

Context: 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you get this far, something very strange is happening. Your Service is running, has EndpointSlices, and your Pods are actually serving. You have DNS working, and kube-proxy does not seem to be misb


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

I0629 00:51:43.648698    3252 kubelet.go:380] Hairpin mode set to "promiscuous-bridge"

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you get this far, something very strange is happening. Your Service is running, has EndpointSlices, and your Pods are actually serving. You have DNS working, and kube-proxy does not seem to be misb


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

for intf in /sys/devices/virtual/net/cbr0/brif/*; do cat $intf/hairpin_mode; done

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you get this far, something very strange is happening. Your Service is running, has EndpointSlices, and your Pods are actually serving. You have DNS working, and kube-proxy does not seem to be misb


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

UP BROADCAST RUNNING PROMISC MULTICAST  MTU:1460  Metric:1

Response: This text code 4.3.2 - Debug Services | If you get this far, something very strange is happening. Your Service is running, has EndpointSlices, and your Pods are actually serving. You have DNS working, and kube-proxy does not seem to be misb


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: termination-demo
spec:

Response:
  containers:
  - name: termination-demo-container
    image: debian
    command: ["/bin/sh"]
    args: ["-c", "sleep 10 && echo Sleep expired > /dev/termination-log"]

Context: 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | Create a Pod based on the YAML configuration file:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: termination-demo
spec:
  containers:
  - name: termination-demo-container
    image: debian
    command: ["/bin/sh"]
    args: ["-c", "sleep 10 && echo Sleep expired > /dev/termination-log"]

Response: This yaml code 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | Create a Pod based on the YAML configuration file:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/debug/termination.yaml

Response: This bash code 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | In the YAML file, in the command and args fields, you can see that the container sleeps for 10 seconds and then writes "Sleep expired" to the /dev/termination-log file. After the container writes the

Context: 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | In the YAML file, in the command and args fields, you can see that the container sleeps for 10 seconds and then writes "Sleep expired" to the /dev/termination-log file. After the container writes the


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
...
    lastState:
      terminated:

Response:
        containerID: ...
        exitCode: 0
        finishedAt: ...
        message: |
          Sleep expired
        ...

Context: 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | Use a Go template to filter the output so that it includes only the termination message:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
...
    lastState:
      terminated:
        containerID: ...
        exitCode: 0
        finishedAt: ...
        message: |
          Sleep expired
        ...

Response: This yaml code 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | Use a Go template to filter the output so that it includes only the termination message:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod termination-demo -o go-template="{{range .status.containerStatuses}}{{.lastState.terminated.message}}{{end}}"

Response: This bash code 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | If you are running a multi-container Pod, you can use a Go template to include the container's name. By doing so, you can discover which of the containers is failing:

Context: 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | If you are running a multi-container Pod, you can use a Go template to include the container's name. By doing so, you can discover which of the containers is failing:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod multi-container-pod -o go-template='{{range .status.containerStatuses}}{{printf "%s:\n%s\n\n" .name .lastState.terminated.message}}{{end}}'

Response: This bash code 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | Kubernetes retrieves termination messages from the termination message file specified in the terminationMessagePath field of a Container, which has a default value of /dev/termination-log. By customiz

Context: 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | Kubernetes retrieves termination messages from the termination message file specified in the terminationMessagePath field of a Container, which has a default value of /dev/termination-log. By customiz


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: msg-path-demo

Response:
spec:
  containers:
  - name: msg-path-demo-container
    image: debian
    terminationMessagePath: "/tmp/my-log"

Context: 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | Moreover, users can set the terminationMessagePolicy field of a Container for further customization. This field defaults to "File" which means the termination messages are retrieved only from the term


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: msg-path-demo
spec:
  containers:
  - name: msg-path-demo-container
    image: debian
    terminationMessagePath: "/tmp/my-log"

Response: This yaml code 4.3.4 - Determine the Reason for Pod Failure | Moreover, users can set the terminationMessagePolicy field of a Container for further customization. This field defaults to "File" which means the termination messages are retrieved only from the term


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME         READY     STATUS     RESTARTS   AGE
<pod-name>   0/1       Init:1/2   0          7s

Response: This text code 4.3.5 - Debug Init Containers | See Understanding Pod status for more examples of status values and their meanings.

Context: 4.3.5 - Debug Init Containers | See Understanding Pod status for more examples of status values and their meanings.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Init Containers:
  <init-container-1>:
    Container ID:    ...
    ...
    State:           Terminated
      Reason:        Completed
      Exit Code:     0
      Started:       ...
      Finished:      ...
    Ready:           True
    Restart Count:   0
    ...

Response:
  <init-container-2>:
    Container ID:    ...
    ...
    State:           Waiting
      Reason:        CrashLoopBackOff
    Last State:      Terminated
      Reason:        Error
      Exit Code:     1
      Started:       ...
      Finished:      ...
    Ready:           False
    Restart Count:   3
    ...

Context: 4.3.5 - Debug Init Containers | You can also access the Init Container statuses programmatically by reading the status.initContainerStatuses field on the Pod Spec:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Init Containers:
  <init-container-1>:
    Container ID:    ...
    ...
    State:           Terminated
      Reason:        Completed
      Exit Code:     0
      Started:       ...
      Finished:      ...
    Ready:           True
    Restart Count:   0
    ...
  <init-container-2>:
    Container ID:    ...
    ...
    State:           Waiting
      Reason:        CrashLoopBackOff
    Last State:      Terminated
      Reason:        Error
      Exit Code:     1
      Started:       ...
      Finished:      ...
    Ready:           False
    Restart Count:   3
    ...

Response: This text code 4.3.5 - Debug Init Containers | You can also access the Init Container statuses programmatically by reading the status.initContainerStatuses field on the Pod Spec:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod nginx --template '{{.status.initContainerStatuses}}'

Response: This bash code 4.3.5 - Debug Init Containers | This command will return the same information as above in raw JSON.

Context: 4.3.5 - Debug Init Containers | This command will return the same information as above in raw JSON.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:

Response:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: "128Mi"
            cpu: "500m"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Create deployment by running following command:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: "128Mi"
            cpu: "500m"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

Response: This yaml code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Create deployment by running following command:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/nginx-with-request.yaml

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Check pod status by following command:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Check pod status by following command:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                                READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-cx2nz   1/1     Running   0          13s
nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-w6kd7   1/1     Running   0          13s

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | We can retrieve a lot more information about each of these pods using kubectl describe pod. For example:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | We can retrieve a lot more information about each of these pods using kubectl describe pod. For example:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl describe pod nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-w6kd7

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Here you can see configuration information about the container(s) and Pod (labels, resource requirements, etc.), as well as status information about the container(s) and Pod (state, readiness, restart

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Here you can see configuration information about the container(s) and Pod (labels, resource requirements, etc.), as well as status information about the container(s) and Pod (state, readiness, restart


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:         nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-w6kd7
Namespace:    default
Priority:     0
Node:         kube-worker-1/192.168.0.113
Start Time:   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 16:51:01 -0500
Labels:       app=nginx
              pod-template-hash=67d4bdd6f5
Annotations:  <none>
Status:       Running
IP:           10.88.0.3
IPs:
  IP:           10.88.0.3
  IP:           2001:db8::1
Controlled By:  ReplicaSet/nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5
Containers:
  nginx:
    Container ID:   containerd://5403af59a2b46ee5a23fb0ae4b1e077f7ca5c5fb7af16e1ab21c00e0e616462a
    Image:          nginx
    Image ID:       docker.io/library/nginx@sha256:2834dc507516af02784808c5f48b7cbe38b8ed5d0f4837f16e78d00deb7e7767
    Port:           80/TCP
    Host Port:      0/TCP
    State:          Running
      Started:      Thu, 17 Feb 2022 16:51:05 -0500
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  0
    Limits:
      cpu:     500m
      memory:  128Mi
    Requests:

Response:
      cpu:        500m
      memory:     128Mi
    Environment:  <none>
    Mounts:
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-bgsgp (ro)
Conditions:
  Type              Status
  Initialized       True
  Ready             True
  ContainersReady   True
  PodScheduled      True
Volumes:
  kube-api-access-bgsgp:
    Type:                    Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
    TokenExpirationSeconds:  3607
    ConfigMapName:           kube-root-ca.crt
    ConfigMapOptional:       <nil>
    DownwardAPI:             true
QoS Class:                   Guaranteed
Node-Selectors:              <none>
Tolerations:                 node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
                             node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
  Type    Reason     Age   From               Message
  ----    ------     ----  ----               -------
  Normal  Scheduled  34s   default-scheduler  Successfully assigned default/nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-w6kd7 to kube-worker-1
  Normal  Pulling    31s   kubelet            Pulling image "nginx"
  Normal  Pulled     30s   kubelet            Successfully pulled image "nginx" in 1.146417389s
  Normal  Created    30s   kubelet            Created container nginx
  Normal  Started    30s   kubelet            Started container nginx


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:         nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-w6kd7
Namespace:    default
Priority:     0
Node:         kube-worker-1/192.168.0.113
Start Time:   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 16:51:01 -0500
Labels:       app=nginx
              pod-template-hash=67d4bdd6f5
Annotations:  <none>
Status:       Running
IP:           10.88.0.3
IPs:
  IP:           10.88.0.3
  IP:           2001:db8::1
Controlled By:  ReplicaSet/nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5
Containers:
  nginx:
    Container ID:   containerd://5403af59a2b46ee5a23fb0ae4b1e077f7ca5c5fb7af16e1ab21c00e0e616462a
    Image:          nginx
    Image ID:       docker.io/library/nginx@sha256:2834dc507516af02784808c5f48b7cbe38b8ed5d0f4837f16e78d00deb7e7767
    Port:           80/TCP
    Host Port:      0/TCP
    State:          Running
      Started:      Thu, 17 Feb 2022 16:51:05 -0500
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  0
    Limits:
      cpu:     500m
      memory:  128Mi
    Requests:
      cpu:        500m
      memory:     128Mi
    Environment:  <none>
    Mounts:
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from kube-api-access-bgsgp (ro)
Conditions:
  Type              Status
  Initialized       True
  Ready             True
  ContainersReady   True
  PodScheduled      True
Volumes:
  kube-api-access-bgsgp:
    Type:                    Projected (a volume that contains injected data from multiple sources)
    TokenExpirationSeconds:  3607
    ConfigMapName:           kube-root-ca.crt
    ConfigMapOptional:       <nil>
    DownwardAPI:             true
QoS Class:                   Guaranteed
Node-Selectors:              <none>
Tolerations:                 node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
                             node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
  Type    Reason     Age   From               Message
  ----    ------     ----  ----               -------
  Normal  Scheduled  34s   default-scheduler  Successfully assigned default/nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-w6kd7 to kube-worker-1
  Normal  Pulling    31s   kubelet            Pulling image "nginx"
  Normal  Pulled     30s   kubelet            Successfully pulled image "nginx" in 1.146417389s
  Normal  Created    30s   kubelet            Created container nginx
  Normal  Started    30s   kubelet            Started container nginx

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Here you can see configuration information about the container(s) and Pod (labels, resource requirements, etc.), as well as status information about the container(s) and Pod (state, readiness, restart


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME                                READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-1006230814-6winp   1/1       Running   0          7m
nginx-deployment-1006230814-fmgu3   1/1       Running   0          7m

Response:
nginx-deployment-1370807587-6ekbw   1/1       Running   0          1m
nginx-deployment-1370807587-fg172   0/1       Pending   0          1m
nginx-deployment-1370807587-fz9sd   0/1       Pending   0          1m

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | To find out why the nginx-deployment-1370807587-fz9sd pod is not running, we can use kubectl describe pod on the pending Pod and look at its events:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                                READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-deployment-1006230814-6winp   1/1       Running   0          7m
nginx-deployment-1006230814-fmgu3   1/1       Running   0          7m
nginx-deployment-1370807587-6ekbw   1/1       Running   0          1m
nginx-deployment-1370807587-fg172   0/1       Pending   0          1m
nginx-deployment-1370807587-fz9sd   0/1       Pending   0          1m

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | To find out why the nginx-deployment-1370807587-fz9sd pod is not running, we can use kubectl describe pod on the pending Pod and look at its events:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl describe pod nginx-deployment-1370807587-fz9sd

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Here you can see the event generated by the scheduler saying that the Pod failed to schedule for reason FailedScheduling (and possibly others). The message tells us that there were not enough resource

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Here you can see the event generated by the scheduler saying that the Pod failed to schedule for reason FailedScheduling (and possibly others). The message tells us that there were not enough resource


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:		nginx-deployment-1370807587-fz9sd
  Namespace:	default
  Node:		/
  Labels:		app=nginx,pod-template-hash=1370807587
  Status:		Pending
  IP:
  Controllers:	ReplicaSet/nginx-deployment-1370807587
  Containers:
    nginx:
      Image:	nginx
      Port:	80/TCP
      QoS Tier:
        memory:	Guaranteed
        cpu:	Guaranteed
      Limits:

Response:
        cpu:	1
        memory:	128Mi
      Requests:
        cpu:	1
        memory:	128Mi
      Environment Variables:
  Volumes:
    default-token-4bcbi:
      Type:	Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
      SecretName:	default-token-4bcbi
  Events:
    FirstSeen	LastSeen	Count	From			        SubobjectPath	Type		Reason			    Message
    ---------	--------	-----	----			        -------------	--------	------			    -------
    1m		    48s		    7	    {default-scheduler }			        Warning		FailedScheduling	pod (nginx-deployment-1370807587-fz9sd) failed to fit in any node
  fit failure on node (kubernetes-node-6ta5): Node didn't have enough resource: CPU, requested: 1000, used: 1420, capacity: 2000
  fit failure on node (kubernetes-node-wul5): Node didn't have enough resource: CPU, requested: 1000, used: 1100, capacity: 2000


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:		nginx-deployment-1370807587-fz9sd
  Namespace:	default
  Node:		/
  Labels:		app=nginx,pod-template-hash=1370807587
  Status:		Pending
  IP:
  Controllers:	ReplicaSet/nginx-deployment-1370807587
  Containers:
    nginx:
      Image:	nginx
      Port:	80/TCP
      QoS Tier:
        memory:	Guaranteed
        cpu:	Guaranteed
      Limits:
        cpu:	1
        memory:	128Mi
      Requests:
        cpu:	1
        memory:	128Mi
      Environment Variables:
  Volumes:
    default-token-4bcbi:
      Type:	Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
      SecretName:	default-token-4bcbi
  Events:
    FirstSeen	LastSeen	Count	From			        SubobjectPath	Type		Reason			    Message
    ---------	--------	-----	----			        -------------	--------	------			    -------
    1m		    48s		    7	    {default-scheduler }			        Warning		FailedScheduling	pod (nginx-deployment-1370807587-fz9sd) failed to fit in any node
  fit failure on node (kubernetes-node-6ta5): Node didn't have enough resource: CPU, requested: 1000, used: 1420, capacity: 2000
  fit failure on node (kubernetes-node-wul5): Node didn't have enough resource: CPU, requested: 1000, used: 1100, capacity: 2000

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Here you can see the event generated by the scheduler saying that the Pod failed to schedule for reason FailedScheduling (and possibly others). The message tells us that there were not enough resource


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod nginx-deployment-1006230814-6winp -o yaml

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | First, look at the logs of the affected container:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | First, look at the logs of the affected container:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2022-02-17T21:51:01Z"
  generateName: nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-
  labels:
    app: nginx
    pod-template-hash: 67d4bdd6f5
  name: nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-w6kd7
  namespace: default
  ownerReferences:
  - apiVersion: apps/v1
    blockOwnerDeletion: true
    controller: true
    kind: ReplicaSet
    name: nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5
    uid: 7d41dfd4-84c0-4be4-88ab-cedbe626ad82
  resourceVersion: "1364"
  uid: a6501da1-0447-4262-98eb-c03d4002222e
spec:
  containers:
  - image: nginx
    imagePullPolicy: Always
    name: nginx
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
    resources:
      limits:
        cpu: 500m
        memory: 128Mi
      requests:
        cpu: 500m
        memory: 128Mi
    terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
    terminationMessagePolicy: File
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount
      name: kube-api-access-bgsgp
      readOnly: true
  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
  enableServiceLinks: true
  nodeName: kube-worker-1
  preemptionPolicy: PreemptLowerPriority
  priority: 0
  restartPolicy: Always
  schedulerName: default-scheduler
  securityContext: {}
  serviceAccount: default
  serviceAccountName: default
  terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
  tolerations:
  - effect: NoExecute
    key: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready
    operator: Exists
    tolerationSeconds: 300
  - effect: NoExecute
    key: node.kubernetes.io/unreachable

Response:
    operator: Exists
    tolerationSeconds: 300
  volumes:
  - name: kube-api-access-bgsgp
    projected:
      defaultMode: 420
      sources:
      - serviceAccountToken:
          expirationSeconds: 3607
          path: token
      - configMap:
          items:
          - key: ca.crt
            path: ca.crt
          name: kube-root-ca.crt
      - downwardAPI:
          items:
          - fieldRef:
              apiVersion: v1
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
            path: namespace
status:
  conditions:
  - lastProbeTime: null
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T21:51:01Z"
    status: "True"
    type: Initialized
  - lastProbeTime: null
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T21:51:06Z"
    status: "True"
    type: Ready
  - lastProbeTime: null
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T21:51:06Z"
    status: "True"
    type: ContainersReady
  - lastProbeTime: null
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T21:51:01Z"
    status: "True"
    type: PodScheduled
  containerStatuses:
  - containerID: containerd://5403af59a2b46ee5a23fb0ae4b1e077f7ca5c5fb7af16e1ab21c00e0e616462a
    image: docker.io/library/nginx:latest
    imageID: docker.io/library/nginx@sha256:2834dc507516af02784808c5f48b7cbe38b8ed5d0f4837f16e78d00deb7e7767
    lastState: {}
    name: nginx
    ready: true
    restartCount: 0
    started: true
    state:
      running:
        startedAt: "2022-02-17T21:51:05Z"
  hostIP: 192.168.0.113
  phase: Running
  podIP: 10.88.0.3
  podIPs:
  - ip: 10.88.0.3
  - ip: 2001:db8::1
  qosClass: Guaranteed
  startTime: "2022-02-17T21:51:01Z"


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2022-02-17T21:51:01Z"
  generateName: nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-
  labels:
    app: nginx
    pod-template-hash: 67d4bdd6f5
  name: nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-w6kd7
  namespace: default
  ownerReferences:
  - apiVersion: apps/v1
    blockOwnerDeletion: true
    controller: true
    kind: ReplicaSet
    name: nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5
    uid: 7d41dfd4-84c0-4be4-88ab-cedbe626ad82
  resourceVersion: "1364"
  uid: a6501da1-0447-4262-98eb-c03d4002222e
spec:
  containers:
  - image: nginx
    imagePullPolicy: Always
    name: nginx
    ports:
    - containerPort: 80
      protocol: TCP
    resources:
      limits:
        cpu: 500m
        memory: 128Mi
      requests:
        cpu: 500m
        memory: 128Mi
    terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
    terminationMessagePolicy: File
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount
      name: kube-api-access-bgsgp
      readOnly: true
  dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
  enableServiceLinks: true
  nodeName: kube-worker-1
  preemptionPolicy: PreemptLowerPriority
  priority: 0
  restartPolicy: Always
  schedulerName: default-scheduler
  securityContext: {}
  serviceAccount: default
  serviceAccountName: default
  terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
  tolerations:
  - effect: NoExecute
    key: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready
    operator: Exists
    tolerationSeconds: 300
  - effect: NoExecute
    key: node.kubernetes.io/unreachable
    operator: Exists
    tolerationSeconds: 300
  volumes:
  - name: kube-api-access-bgsgp
    projected:
      defaultMode: 420
      sources:
      - serviceAccountToken:
          expirationSeconds: 3607
          path: token
      - configMap:
          items:
          - key: ca.crt
            path: ca.crt
          name: kube-root-ca.crt
      - downwardAPI:
          items:
          - fieldRef:
              apiVersion: v1
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
            path: namespace
status:
  conditions:
  - lastProbeTime: null
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T21:51:01Z"
    status: "True"
    type: Initialized
  - lastProbeTime: null
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T21:51:06Z"
    status: "True"
    type: Ready
  - lastProbeTime: null
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T21:51:06Z"
    status: "True"
    type: ContainersReady
  - lastProbeTime: null
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T21:51:01Z"
    status: "True"
    type: PodScheduled
  containerStatuses:
  - containerID: containerd://5403af59a2b46ee5a23fb0ae4b1e077f7ca5c5fb7af16e1ab21c00e0e616462a
    image: docker.io/library/nginx:latest
    imageID: docker.io/library/nginx@sha256:2834dc507516af02784808c5f48b7cbe38b8ed5d0f4837f16e78d00deb7e7767
    lastState: {}
    name: nginx
    ready: true
    restartCount: 0
    started: true
    state:
      running:
        startedAt: "2022-02-17T21:51:05Z"
  hostIP: 192.168.0.113
  phase: Running
  podIP: 10.88.0.3
  podIPs:
  - ip: 10.88.0.3
  - ip: 2001:db8::1
  qosClass: Guaranteed
  startTime: "2022-02-17T21:51:01Z"

Response: This yaml code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | First, look at the logs of the affected container:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl logs --previous ${POD_NAME} ${CONTAINER_NAME}

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | If the container image includes debugging utilities, as is the case with images built from Linux and Windows OS base images, you can run commands inside a specific container with kubectl exec:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | If the container image includes debugging utilities, as is the case with images built from Linux and Windows OS base images, you can run commands inside a specific container with kubectl exec:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl exec ${POD_NAME} -c ${CONTAINER_NAME} -- ${CMD} ${ARG1} ${ARG2} ... ${ARGN}

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | As an example, to look at the logs from a running Cassandra pod, you might run

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | As an example, to look at the logs from a running Cassandra pod, you might run


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl exec cassandra -- cat /var/log/cassandra/system.log

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | You can run a shell that's connected to your terminal using the -i and -t arguments to kubectl exec, for example:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | You can run a shell that's connected to your terminal using the -i and -t arguments to kubectl exec, for example:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl run ephemeral-demo --image=registry.k8s.io/pause:3.1 --restart=Never

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | The examples in this section use the pause container image because it does not contain debugging utilities, but this method works with all container images.

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | The examples in this section use the pause container image because it does not contain debugging utilities, but this method works with all container images.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

OCI runtime exec failed: exec failed: container_linux.go:346: starting container process caused "exec: \"sh\": executable file not found in $PATH": unknown

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | You can instead add a debugging container using kubectl debug. If you specify the -i/--interactive argument, kubectl will automatically attach to the console of the Ephemeral Container.

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | You can instead add a debugging container using kubectl debug. If you specify the -i/--interactive argument, kubectl will automatically attach to the console of the Ephemeral Container.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl debug -it ephemeral-demo --image=busybox:1.28 --target=ephemeral-demo

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | This command adds a new busybox container and attaches to it. The --target parameter targets the process namespace of another container. It's necessary here because kubectl run does not enable process

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | This command adds a new busybox container and attaches to it. The --target parameter targets the process namespace of another container. It's necessary here because kubectl run does not enable process


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Defaulting debug container name to debugger-8xzrl.
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ #

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | This command adds a new busybox container and attaches to it. The --target parameter targets the process namespace of another container. It's necessary here because kubectl run does not enable process


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

...
Ephemeral Containers:
  debugger-8xzrl:
    Container ID:   docker://b888f9adfd15bd5739fefaa39e1df4dd3c617b9902082b1cfdc29c4028ffb2eb
    Image:          busybox
    Image ID:       docker-pullable://busybox@sha256:1828edd60c5efd34b2bf5dd3282ec0cc04d47b2ff9caa0b6d4f07a21d1c08084
    Port:           <none>

Response:
    Host Port:      <none>
    State:          Running
      Started:      Wed, 12 Feb 2020 14:25:42 +0100
    Ready:          False
    Restart Count:  0
    Environment:    <none>
    Mounts:         <none>
...

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Use kubectl delete to remove the Pod when you're finished:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

...
Ephemeral Containers:
  debugger-8xzrl:
    Container ID:   docker://b888f9adfd15bd5739fefaa39e1df4dd3c617b9902082b1cfdc29c4028ffb2eb
    Image:          busybox
    Image ID:       docker-pullable://busybox@sha256:1828edd60c5efd34b2bf5dd3282ec0cc04d47b2ff9caa0b6d4f07a21d1c08084
    Port:           <none>
    Host Port:      <none>
    State:          Running
      Started:      Wed, 12 Feb 2020 14:25:42 +0100
    Ready:          False
    Restart Count:  0
    Environment:    <none>
    Mounts:         <none>
...

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Use kubectl delete to remove the Pod when you're finished:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl run myapp --image=busybox:1.28 --restart=Never -- sleep 1d

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Run this command to create a copy of myapp named myapp-debug that adds a new Ubuntu container for debugging:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Run this command to create a copy of myapp named myapp-debug that adds a new Ubuntu container for debugging:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl debug myapp -it --image=ubuntu --share-processes --copy-to=myapp-debug

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Don't forget to clean up the debugging Pod when you're finished with it:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Don't forget to clean up the debugging Pod when you're finished with it:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Defaulting debug container name to debugger-w7xmf.
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
root@myapp-debug:/#

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Don't forget to clean up the debugging Pod when you're finished with it:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Containers:
  myapp:
    Image:         busybox
    ...
    Args:

Response:
      false
    State:          Waiting
      Reason:       CrashLoopBackOff
    Last State:     Terminated
      Reason:       Error
      Exit Code:    1

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | You can use kubectl debug to create a copy of this Pod with the command changed to an interactive shell:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Containers:
  myapp:
    Image:         busybox
    ...
    Args:
      false
    State:          Waiting
      Reason:       CrashLoopBackOff
    Last State:     Terminated
      Reason:       Error
      Exit Code:    1

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | You can use kubectl debug to create a copy of this Pod with the command changed to an interactive shell:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl debug myapp -it --copy-to=myapp-debug --container=myapp -- sh

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Now you have an interactive shell that you can use to perform tasks like checking filesystem paths or running the container command manually.

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Now you have an interactive shell that you can use to perform tasks like checking filesystem paths or running the container command manually.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ #

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Now you have an interactive shell that you can use to perform tasks like checking filesystem paths or running the container command manually.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl run myapp --image=busybox:1.28 --restart=Never -- sleep 1d

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Now use kubectl debug to make a copy and change its container image to ubuntu:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Now use kubectl debug to make a copy and change its container image to ubuntu:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl debug myapp --copy-to=myapp-debug --set-image=*=ubuntu

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | The syntax of --set-image uses the same container_name=image syntax as kubectl set image. *=ubuntu means change the image of all containers to ubuntu.

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | The syntax of --set-image uses the same container_name=image syntax as kubectl set image. *=ubuntu means change the image of all containers to ubuntu.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Creating debugging pod node-debugger-mynode-pdx84 with container debugger on node mynode.
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
root@ek8s:/#

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | When creating a debugging session on a node, keep in mind that:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | When creating a debugging session on a node, keep in mind that:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl run myapp --image=busybox:1.28 --restart=Never -- sleep 1d

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Then, debug the Pod using an ephemeral container. If the ephemeral container needs to have privilege, you can use the sysadmin profile:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Then, debug the Pod using an ephemeral container. If the ephemeral container needs to have privilege, you can use the sysadmin profile:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl debug -it myapp --image=busybox:1.28 --target=myapp --profile=sysadmin

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Check the capabilities of the ephemeral container process by running the following command inside the container:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Check the capabilities of the ephemeral container process by running the following command inside the container:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Targeting container "myapp". If you don't see processes from this container it may be because the container runtime doesn't support this feature.
Defaulting debug container name to debugger-6kg4x.

Response:
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ #


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Targeting container "myapp". If you don't see processes from this container it may be because the container runtime doesn't support this feature.
Defaulting debug container name to debugger-6kg4x.
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ #

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Check the capabilities of the ephemeral container process by running the following command inside the container:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

...
CapPrm:	000001ffffffffff

Response:
CapEff:	000001ffffffffff
...

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | This means the container process is granted full capabilities as a privileged container by applying sysadmin profile. See more details about capabilities.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

...
CapPrm:	000001ffffffffff
CapEff:	000001ffffffffff
...

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | This means the container process is granted full capabilities as a privileged container by applying sysadmin profile. See more details about capabilities.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod myapp -o jsonpath='{.spec.ephemeralContainers[0].securityContext}'

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Clean up the Pod when you're finished with it:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Clean up the Pod when you're finished with it:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl run myapp --image=busybox:1.28 --restart=Never -- sleep 1d

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Create a custom profile in YAML or JSON format. Here, create a YAML format file named custom-profile.yaml:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Create a custom profile in YAML or JSON format. Here, create a YAML format file named custom-profile.yaml:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

env:
- name: ENV_VAR_1
  value: value_1
- name: ENV_VAR_2
  value: value_2

Response:
securityContext:
  capabilities:
    add:
    - NET_ADMIN
    - SYS_TIME

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Run this command to debug the Pod using an ephemeral container with the custom profile:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

env:
- name: ENV_VAR_1
  value: value_1
- name: ENV_VAR_2
  value: value_2
securityContext:
  capabilities:
    add:
    - NET_ADMIN
    - SYS_TIME

Response: This text code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Run this command to debug the Pod using an ephemeral container with the custom profile:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl debug -it myapp --image=busybox:1.28 --target=myapp --profile=general --custom=custom-profile.yaml

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | You can check that the ephemeral container has been added to the target Pod with the custom profile applied:

Context: 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | You can check that the ephemeral container has been added to the target Pod with the custom profile applied:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod myapp -o jsonpath='{.spec.ephemeralContainers[0].env}'

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Clean up the Pod when you're finished with it:


Prompt:
Explain this json code:

[{"name":"ENV_VAR_1","value":"value_1"},{"name":"ENV_VAR_2","value":"value_2"}]

Response: This json code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Clean up the Pod when you're finished with it:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod myapp -o jsonpath='{.spec.ephemeralContainers[0].securityContext}'

Response: This bash code 4.3.6 - Debug Running Pods | Clean up the Pod when you're finished with it:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: shell-demo
spec:
  volumes:
  - name: shared-data
    emptyDir: {}

Response:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx
    volumeMounts:
    - name: shared-data
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
  hostNetwork: true
  dnsPolicy: Default

Context: 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: shell-demo
spec:
  volumes:
  - name: shared-data
    emptyDir: {}
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx
    volumeMounts:
    - name: shared-data
      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
  hostNetwork: true
  dnsPolicy: Default

Response: This yaml code 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/shell-demo.yaml

Response: This bash code 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | Verify that the container is running:

Context: 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | Verify that the container is running:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# You can run these example commands inside the container
ls /
cat /proc/mounts
cat /proc/1/maps
apt-get update
apt-get install -y tcpdump

Response:
tcpdump
apt-get install -y lsof
lsof
apt-get install -y procps
ps aux
ps aux | grep nginx

Context: 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | Look again at the configuration file for your Pod. The Pod has an emptyDir volume, and the container mounts the volume at /usr/share/nginx/html.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# You can run these example commands inside the container
ls /
cat /proc/mounts
cat /proc/1/maps
apt-get update
apt-get install -y tcpdump
tcpdump
apt-get install -y lsof
lsof
apt-get install -y procps
ps aux
ps aux | grep nginx

Response: This text code 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | Look again at the configuration file for your Pod. The Pod has an emptyDir volume, and the container mounts the volume at /usr/share/nginx/html.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Run this inside the container
echo 'Hello shell demo' > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

Response: This text code 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | In your shell, send a GET request to the nginx server:

Context: 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | In your shell, send a GET request to the nginx server:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# Run this in the shell inside your container
apt-get update

Response:
apt-get install curl
curl http://localhost/

Context: 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | The output shows the text that you wrote to the index.html file:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Run this in the shell inside your container
apt-get update
apt-get install curl
curl http://localhost/

Response: This text code 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | The output shows the text that you wrote to the index.html file:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl exec shell-demo -- ps aux
kubectl exec shell-demo -- ls /
kubectl exec shell-demo -- cat /proc/1/mounts

Response: This bash code 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | If a Pod has more than one container, use --container or -c to specify a container in the kubectl exec command. For example, suppose you have a Pod named my-pod, and the Pod has two containers named m

Context: 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | If a Pod has more than one container, use --container or -c to specify a container in the kubectl exec command. For example, suppose you have a Pod named my-pod, and the Pod has two containers named m


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl exec -i -t my-pod --container main-app -- /bin/bash

Response: This bash code 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | This doc is about cluster troubleshooting; we assume you have already ruled out your application as the root cause of the problem you are experiencing. See the application troubleshooting guide for ti

Context: 4.3.7 - Get a Shell to a Running Container | This doc is about cluster troubleshooting; we assume you have already ruled out your application as the root cause of the problem you are experiencing. See the application troubleshooting guide for ti


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME                     STATUS       ROLES     AGE     VERSION
kube-worker-1            NotReady     <none>    1h      v1.23.3

Response:
kubernetes-node-bols     Ready        <none>    1h      v1.23.3
kubernetes-node-st6x     Ready        <none>    1h      v1.23.3
kubernetes-node-unaj     Ready        <none>    1h      v1.23.3

Context: 4.4 - Troubleshooting Clusters | For now, digging deeper into the cluster requires logging into the relevant machines. Here are the locations of the relevant log files. On systemd-based systems, you may need to use journalctl instead


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                     STATUS       ROLES     AGE     VERSION
kube-worker-1            NotReady     <none>    1h      v1.23.3
kubernetes-node-bols     Ready        <none>    1h      v1.23.3
kubernetes-node-st6x     Ready        <none>    1h      v1.23.3
kubernetes-node-unaj     Ready        <none>    1h      v1.23.3

Response: This text code 4.4 - Troubleshooting Clusters | For now, digging deeper into the cluster requires logging into the relevant machines. Here are the locations of the relevant log files. On systemd-based systems, you may need to use journalctl instead


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:               kube-worker-1
Roles:              <none>
Labels:             beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64
                    beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux
                    kubernetes.io/arch=amd64
                    kubernetes.io/hostname=kube-worker-1
                    kubernetes.io/os=linux
                    node.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl: 0
                    volumes.kubernetes.io/controller-managed-attach-detach: true
CreationTimestamp:  Thu, 17 Feb 2022 16:46:30 -0500
Taints:             node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute
                    node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoSchedule
Unschedulable:      false
Lease:
  HolderIdentity:  kube-worker-1
  AcquireTime:     <unset>
  RenewTime:       Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:13:09 -0500
Conditions:
  Type                 Status    LastHeartbeatTime                 LastTransitionTime                Reason              Message
  ----                 ------    -----------------                 ------------------                ------              -------
  NetworkUnavailable   False     Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:09:13 -0500   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:09:13 -0500   WeaveIsUp           Weave pod has set this
  MemoryPressure       Unknown   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:12:40 -0500   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:13:52 -0500   NodeStatusUnknown   Kubelet stopped posting node status.
  DiskPressure         Unknown   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:12:40 -0500   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:13:52 -0500   NodeStatusUnknown   Kubelet stopped posting node status.
  PIDPressure          Unknown   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:12:40 -0500   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:13:52 -0500   NodeStatusUnknown   Kubelet stopped posting node status.
  Ready                Unknown   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:12:40 -0500   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:13:52 -0500   NodeStatusUnknown   Kubelet stopped posting node status.
Addresses:
  InternalIP:  192.168.0.113
  Hostname:    kube-worker-1
Capacity:
  cpu:                2
  ephemeral-storage:  15372232Ki
  hugepages-2Mi:      0
  memory:             2025188Ki
  pods:               110

Response:
Allocatable:
  cpu:                2
  ephemeral-storage:  14167048988
  hugepages-2Mi:      0
  memory:             1922788Ki
  pods:               110
System Info:
  Machine ID:                 9384e2927f544209b5d7b67474bbf92b
  System UUID:                aa829ca9-73d7-064d-9019-df07404ad448
  Boot ID:                    5a295a03-aaca-4340-af20-1327fa5dab5c
  Kernel Version:             5.13.0-28-generic
  OS Image:                   Ubuntu 21.10
  Operating System:           linux
  Architecture:               amd64
  Container Runtime Version:  containerd://1.5.9
  Kubelet Version:            v1.23.3
  Kube-Proxy Version:         v1.23.3
Non-terminated Pods:          (4 in total)
  Namespace                   Name                                 CPU Requests  CPU Limits  Memory Requests  Memory Limits  Age
  ---------                   ----                                 ------------  ----------  ---------------  -------------  ---
  default                     nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-cx2nz    500m (25%)    500m (25%)  128Mi (6%)       128Mi (6%)     23m
  default                     nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-w6kd7    500m (25%)    500m (25%)  128Mi (6%)       128Mi (6%)     23m
  kube-system                 kube-proxy-dnxbz                     0 (0%)        0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)         28m
  kube-system                 weave-net-gjxxp                      100m (5%)     0 (0%)      200Mi (10%)      0 (0%)         28m
Allocated resources:
  (Total limits may be over 100 percent, i.e., overcommitted.)
  Resource           Requests     Limits
  --------           --------     ------
  cpu                1100m (55%)  1 (50%)
  memory             456Mi (24%)  256Mi (13%)
  ephemeral-storage  0 (0%)       0 (0%)
  hugepages-2Mi      0 (0%)       0 (0%)
Events:
...


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:               kube-worker-1
Roles:              <none>
Labels:             beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64
                    beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux
                    kubernetes.io/arch=amd64
                    kubernetes.io/hostname=kube-worker-1
                    kubernetes.io/os=linux
                    node.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl: 0
                    volumes.kubernetes.io/controller-managed-attach-detach: true
CreationTimestamp:  Thu, 17 Feb 2022 16:46:30 -0500
Taints:             node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute
                    node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoSchedule
Unschedulable:      false
Lease:
  HolderIdentity:  kube-worker-1
  AcquireTime:     <unset>
  RenewTime:       Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:13:09 -0500
Conditions:
  Type                 Status    LastHeartbeatTime                 LastTransitionTime                Reason              Message
  ----                 ------    -----------------                 ------------------                ------              -------
  NetworkUnavailable   False     Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:09:13 -0500   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:09:13 -0500   WeaveIsUp           Weave pod has set this
  MemoryPressure       Unknown   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:12:40 -0500   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:13:52 -0500   NodeStatusUnknown   Kubelet stopped posting node status.
  DiskPressure         Unknown   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:12:40 -0500   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:13:52 -0500   NodeStatusUnknown   Kubelet stopped posting node status.
  PIDPressure          Unknown   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:12:40 -0500   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:13:52 -0500   NodeStatusUnknown   Kubelet stopped posting node status.
  Ready                Unknown   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:12:40 -0500   Thu, 17 Feb 2022 17:13:52 -0500   NodeStatusUnknown   Kubelet stopped posting node status.
Addresses:
  InternalIP:  192.168.0.113
  Hostname:    kube-worker-1
Capacity:
  cpu:                2
  ephemeral-storage:  15372232Ki
  hugepages-2Mi:      0
  memory:             2025188Ki
  pods:               110
Allocatable:
  cpu:                2
  ephemeral-storage:  14167048988
  hugepages-2Mi:      0
  memory:             1922788Ki
  pods:               110
System Info:
  Machine ID:                 9384e2927f544209b5d7b67474bbf92b
  System UUID:                aa829ca9-73d7-064d-9019-df07404ad448
  Boot ID:                    5a295a03-aaca-4340-af20-1327fa5dab5c
  Kernel Version:             5.13.0-28-generic
  OS Image:                   Ubuntu 21.10
  Operating System:           linux
  Architecture:               amd64
  Container Runtime Version:  containerd://1.5.9
  Kubelet Version:            v1.23.3
  Kube-Proxy Version:         v1.23.3
Non-terminated Pods:          (4 in total)
  Namespace                   Name                                 CPU Requests  CPU Limits  Memory Requests  Memory Limits  Age
  ---------                   ----                                 ------------  ----------  ---------------  -------------  ---
  default                     nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-cx2nz    500m (25%)    500m (25%)  128Mi (6%)       128Mi (6%)     23m
  default                     nginx-deployment-67d4bdd6f5-w6kd7    500m (25%)    500m (25%)  128Mi (6%)       128Mi (6%)     23m
  kube-system                 kube-proxy-dnxbz                     0 (0%)        0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)         28m
  kube-system                 weave-net-gjxxp                      100m (5%)     0 (0%)      200Mi (10%)      0 (0%)         28m
Allocated resources:
  (Total limits may be over 100 percent, i.e., overcommitted.)
  Resource           Requests     Limits
  --------           --------     ------
  cpu                1100m (55%)  1 (50%)
  memory             456Mi (24%)  256Mi (13%)
  ephemeral-storage  0 (0%)       0 (0%)
  hugepages-2Mi      0 (0%)       0 (0%)
Events:
...

Response: This text code 4.4 - Troubleshooting Clusters | For now, digging deeper into the cluster requires logging into the relevant machines. Here are the locations of the relevant log files. On systemd-based systems, you may need to use journalctl instead


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Node
metadata:
  annotations:
    node.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl: "0"
    volumes.kubernetes.io/controller-managed-attach-detach: "true"
  creationTimestamp: "2022-02-17T21:46:30Z"
  labels:
    beta.kubernetes.io/arch: amd64
    beta.kubernetes.io/os: linux
    kubernetes.io/arch: amd64
    kubernetes.io/hostname: kube-worker-1
    kubernetes.io/os: linux
  name: kube-worker-1
  resourceVersion: "4026"
  uid: 98efe7cb-2978-4a0b-842a-1a7bf12c05f8
spec: {}
status:
  addresses:
  - address: 192.168.0.113
    type: InternalIP
  - address: kube-worker-1
    type: Hostname
  allocatable:
    cpu: "2"
    ephemeral-storage: "14167048988"
    hugepages-2Mi: "0"
    memory: 1922788Ki
    pods: "110"
  capacity:
    cpu: "2"
    ephemeral-storage: 15372232Ki
    hugepages-2Mi: "0"
    memory: 2025188Ki
    pods: "110"
  conditions:
  - lastHeartbeatTime: "2022-02-17T22:20:32Z"
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T22:20:32Z"
    message: Weave pod has set this
    reason: WeaveIsUp

Response:
    status: "False"
    type: NetworkUnavailable
  - lastHeartbeatTime: "2022-02-17T22:20:15Z"
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T22:13:25Z"
    message: kubelet has sufficient memory available
    reason: KubeletHasSufficientMemory
    status: "False"
    type: MemoryPressure
  - lastHeartbeatTime: "2022-02-17T22:20:15Z"
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T22:13:25Z"
    message: kubelet has no disk pressure
    reason: KubeletHasNoDiskPressure
    status: "False"
    type: DiskPressure
  - lastHeartbeatTime: "2022-02-17T22:20:15Z"
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T22:13:25Z"
    message: kubelet has sufficient PID available
    reason: KubeletHasSufficientPID
    status: "False"
    type: PIDPressure
  - lastHeartbeatTime: "2022-02-17T22:20:15Z"
    lastTransitionTime: "2022-02-17T22:15:15Z"
    message: kubelet is posting ready status
    reason: KubeletReady
    status: "True"
    type: Ready
  daemonEndpoints:
    kubeletEndpoint:
      Port: 10250
  nodeInfo:
    architecture: amd64
    bootID: 22333234-7a6b-44d4-9ce1-67e31dc7e369
    containerRuntimeVersion: containerd://1.5.9
    kernelVersion: 5.13.0-28-generic
    kubeProxyVersion: v1.23.3
    kubeletVersion: v1.23.3
    machineID: 9384e2927f544209b5d7b67474bbf92b
    operatingSystem: linux
    osImage: Ubuntu 21.10
    systemUUID: aa829ca9-73d7-064d-9019-df07404ad448