Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:                   nginx-deployment
Namespace:              default
CreationTimestamp:      Sun, 02 Sep 2018 18:17:55 -0500
Labels:                 app=nginx
Annotations:            deployment.kubernetes.io/revision=4
                        kubernetes.io/change-cause=kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.16.1
Selector:               app=nginx
Replicas:               3 desired | 3 updated | 3 total | 3 available | 0 unavailable
StrategyType:           RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds:        0
RollingUpdateStrategy:  25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
Pod Template:
  Labels:  app=nginx
  Containers:
   nginx:
    Image:        nginx:1.16.1
    Port:         80/TCP
    Host Port:    0/TCP
    Environment:  <none>
    Mounts:       <none>
  Volumes:        <none>
Conditions:
  Type           Status  Reason
  ----           ------  ------
  Available      True    MinimumReplicasAvailable
  Progressing    True    NewReplicaSetAvailable
OldReplicaSets:  <none>
NewReplicaSet:   nginx-deployment-c4747d96c (3/3 replicas created)
Events:
  Type    Reason              Age   From                   Message
  ----    ------              ----  ----                   -------
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet   12m   deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-75675f5897 to 3
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet   11m   deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-c4747d96c to 1
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet   11m   deployment-controller  Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-75675f5897 to 2
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet   11m   deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-c4747d96c to 2
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet   11m   deployment-controller  Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-75675f5897 to 1
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet   11m   deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-c4747d96c to 3
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet   11m   deployment-controller  Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-75675f5897 to 0
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet   11m   deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-595696685f to 1
  Normal  DeploymentRollback  15s   deployment-controller  Rolled back deployment "nginx-deployment" to revision 2
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet   15s   deployment-controller  Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-595696685f to 0

Response: This text code 4.2.1 - Deployments | You can scale a Deployment by using the following command:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl scale deployment/nginx-deployment --replicas=10

Response: This bash code 4.2.1 - Deployments | The output is similar to this:

Context: 4.2.1 - Deployments | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl autoscale deployment/nginx-deployment --min=10 --max=15 --cpu-percent=80

Response: This bash code 4.2.1 - Deployments | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                 DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx-deployment     10        10        10           10          50s

Response: This text code 4.2.1 - Deployments | You update to a new image which happens to be unresolvable from inside the cluster.

Context: 4.2.1 - Deployments | You update to a new image which happens to be unresolvable from inside the cluster.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:sometag

Response: This bash code 4.2.1 - Deployments | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                          DESIRED   CURRENT   READY     AGE
nginx-deployment-1989198191   5         5         0         9s
nginx-deployment-618515232    8         8         8         1m

Response: This text code 4.2.1 - Deployments | Then a new scaling request for the Deployment comes along. The autoscaler increments the Deployment replicas to 15. The Deployment controller needs to decide where to add these new 5 replicas. If you

Context: 4.2.1 - Deployments | Then a new scaling request for the Deployment comes along. The autoscaler increments the Deployment replicas to 15. The Deployment controller needs to decide where to add these new 5 replicas. If you


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                 DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx-deployment     15        18        7            8           7m

Response: This text code 4.2.1 - Deployments | The rollout status confirms how the replicas were added to each ReplicaSet.

Context: 4.2.1 - Deployments | The rollout status confirms how the replicas were added to each ReplicaSet.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                          DESIRED   CURRENT   READY     AGE
nginx-deployment-1989198191   7         7         0         7m
nginx-deployment-618515232    11        11        11        7m

Response: This text code 4.2.1 - Deployments | When you update a Deployment, or plan to, you can pause rollouts for that Deployment before you trigger one or more updates. When you're ready to apply those changes, you resume rollouts for the Deplo

Context: 4.2.1 - Deployments | When you update a Deployment, or plan to, you can pause rollouts for that Deployment before you trigger one or more updates. When you're ready to apply those changes, you resume rollouts for the Deplo


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME      DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx     3         3         3            3           1m

Response: This text code 4.2.1 - Deployments | Get the rollout status:

Context: 4.2.1 - Deployments | Get the rollout status:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME               DESIRED   CURRENT   READY     AGE
nginx-2142116321   3         3         3         1m

Response: This text code 4.2.1 - Deployments | Pause by running the following command:

Context: 4.2.1 - Deployments | Pause by running the following command:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.16.1

Response: This bash code 4.2.1 - Deployments | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deployment

Response: This bash code 4.2.1 - Deployments | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

deployments "nginx"
REVISION  CHANGE-CAUSE
1   <none>

Response: This text code 4.2.1 - Deployments | Get the rollout status to verify that the existing ReplicaSet has not changed:

Context: 4.2.1 - Deployments | Get the rollout status to verify that the existing ReplicaSet has not changed:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME               DESIRED   CURRENT   READY     AGE
nginx-2142116321   3         3         3         2m

Response: This text code 4.2.1 - Deployments | You can make as many updates as you wish, for example, update the resources that will be used:

Context: 4.2.1 - Deployments | You can make as many updates as you wish, for example, update the resources that will be used:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl set resources deployment/nginx-deployment -c=nginx --limits=cpu=200m,memory=512Mi

Response: This bash code 4.2.1 - Deployments | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

deployment.apps/nginx-deployment resource requirements updated

Response: This text code 4.2.1 - Deployments | The initial state of the Deployment prior to pausing its rollout will continue its function, but new updates to the Deployment will not have any effect as long as the Deployment rollout is paused.

Context: 4.2.1 - Deployments | The initial state of the Deployment prior to pausing its rollout will continue its function, but new updates to the Deployment will not have any effect as long as the Deployment rollout is paused.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME               DESIRED   CURRENT   READY     AGE
nginx-2142116321   2         2         2         2m
nginx-3926361531   2         2         0         6s
nginx-3926361531   2         2         1         18s
nginx-2142116321   1         2         2         2m
nginx-2142116321   1         2         2         2m
nginx-3926361531   3         2         1         18s

Response:
nginx-3926361531   3         2         1         18s
nginx-2142116321   1         1         1         2m
nginx-3926361531   3         3         1         18s
nginx-3926361531   3         3         2         19s
nginx-2142116321   0         1         1         2m
nginx-2142116321   0         1         1         2m
nginx-2142116321   0         0         0         2m
nginx-3926361531   3         3         3         20s

Context: 4.2.1 - Deployments | Get the status of the latest rollout:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME               DESIRED   CURRENT   READY     AGE
nginx-2142116321   2         2         2         2m
nginx-3926361531   2         2         0         6s
nginx-3926361531   2         2         1         18s
nginx-2142116321   1         2         2         2m
nginx-2142116321   1         2         2         2m
nginx-3926361531   3         2         1         18s
nginx-3926361531   3         2         1         18s
nginx-2142116321   1         1         1         2m
nginx-3926361531   3         3         1         18s
nginx-3926361531   3         3         2         19s
nginx-2142116321   0         1         1         2m
nginx-2142116321   0         1         1         2m
nginx-2142116321   0         0         0         2m
nginx-3926361531   3         3         3         20s

Response: This text code 4.2.1 - Deployments | Get the status of the latest rollout:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME               DESIRED   CURRENT   READY     AGE
nginx-2142116321   0         0         0         2m
nginx-3926361531   3         3         3         28s

Response: This text code 4.2.1 - Deployments | A Deployment enters various states during its lifecycle. It can be progressing while rolling out a new ReplicaSet, it can be complete, or it can fail to progress.

Context: 4.2.1 - Deployments | A Deployment enters various states during its lifecycle. It can be progressing while rolling out a new ReplicaSet, it can be complete, or it can fail to progress.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Waiting for rollout to finish: 2 of 3 updated replicas are available...
deployment "nginx-deployment" successfully rolled out

Response: This text code 4.2.1 - Deployments | and the exit status from kubectl rollout is 0 (success):

Context: 4.2.1 - Deployments | and the exit status from kubectl rollout is 0 (success):


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl patch deployment/nginx-deployment -p '{"spec":{"progressDeadlineSeconds":600}}'

Response: This bash code 4.2.1 - Deployments | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

<...>
Conditions:
  Type            Status  Reason
  ----            ------  ------

Response:
  Available       True    MinimumReplicasAvailable
  Progressing     True    ReplicaSetUpdated
  ReplicaFailure  True    FailedCreate
<...>

Context: 4.2.1 - Deployments | If you run kubectl get deployment nginx-deployment -o yaml, the Deployment status is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

<...>
Conditions:
  Type            Status  Reason
  ----            ------  ------
  Available       True    MinimumReplicasAvailable
  Progressing     True    ReplicaSetUpdated
  ReplicaFailure  True    FailedCreate
<...>

Response: This text code 4.2.1 - Deployments | If you run kubectl get deployment nginx-deployment -o yaml, the Deployment status is similar to this:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

status:
  availableReplicas: 2
  conditions:
  - lastTransitionTime: 2016-10-04T12:25:39Z
    lastUpdateTime: 2016-10-04T12:25:39Z
    message: Replica set "nginx-deployment-4262182780" is progressing.
    reason: ReplicaSetUpdated
    status: "True"
    type: Progressing
  - lastTransitionTime: 2016-10-04T12:25:42Z
    lastUpdateTime: 2016-10-04T12:25:42Z
    message: Deployment has minimum availability.

Response:
    reason: MinimumReplicasAvailable
    status: "True"
    type: Available
  - lastTransitionTime: 2016-10-04T12:25:39Z
    lastUpdateTime: 2016-10-04T12:25:39Z
    message: 'Error creating: pods "nginx-deployment-4262182780-" is forbidden: exceeded quota:
      object-counts, requested: pods=1, used: pods=3, limited: pods=2'
    reason: FailedCreate
    status: "True"
    type: ReplicaFailure
  observedGeneration: 3
  replicas: 2
  unavailableReplicas: 2

Context: 4.2.1 - Deployments | Eventually, once the Deployment progress deadline is exceeded, Kubernetes updates the status and the reason for the Progressing condition:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

status:
  availableReplicas: 2
  conditions:
  - lastTransitionTime: 2016-10-04T12:25:39Z
    lastUpdateTime: 2016-10-04T12:25:39Z
    message: Replica set "nginx-deployment-4262182780" is progressing.
    reason: ReplicaSetUpdated
    status: "True"
    type: Progressing
  - lastTransitionTime: 2016-10-04T12:25:42Z
    lastUpdateTime: 2016-10-04T12:25:42Z
    message: Deployment has minimum availability.
    reason: MinimumReplicasAvailable
    status: "True"
    type: Available
  - lastTransitionTime: 2016-10-04T12:25:39Z
    lastUpdateTime: 2016-10-04T12:25:39Z
    message: 'Error creating: pods "nginx-deployment-4262182780-" is forbidden: exceeded quota:
      object-counts, requested: pods=1, used: pods=3, limited: pods=2'
    reason: FailedCreate
    status: "True"
    type: ReplicaFailure
  observedGeneration: 3
  replicas: 2
  unavailableReplicas: 2

Response: This text code 4.2.1 - Deployments | Eventually, once the Deployment progress deadline is exceeded, Kubernetes updates the status and the reason for the Progressing condition:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Conditions:
  Type            Status  Reason
  ----            ------  ------

Response:
  Available       True    MinimumReplicasAvailable
  Progressing     False   ProgressDeadlineExceeded
  ReplicaFailure  True    FailedCreate

Context: 4.2.1 - Deployments | You can address an issue of insufficient quota by scaling down your Deployment, by scaling down other controllers you may be running, or by increasing quota in your namespace. If you satisfy the quota


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Conditions:
  Type            Status  Reason
  ----            ------  ------
  Available       True    MinimumReplicasAvailable
  Progressing     False   ProgressDeadlineExceeded
  ReplicaFailure  True    FailedCreate

Response: This text code 4.2.1 - Deployments | You can address an issue of insufficient quota by scaling down your Deployment, by scaling down other controllers you may be running, or by increasing quota in your namespace. If you satisfy the quota


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Conditions:
  Type          Status  Reason

Response:
  ----          ------  ------
  Available     True    MinimumReplicasAvailable
  Progressing   True    NewReplicaSetAvailable

Context: 4.2.1 - Deployments | type: Available with status: "True" means that your Deployment has minimum availability. Minimum availability is dictated by the parameters specified in the deployment strategy. type: Progressing with


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Conditions:
  Type          Status  Reason
  ----          ------  ------
  Available     True    MinimumReplicasAvailable
  Progressing   True    NewReplicaSetAvailable

Response: This text code 4.2.1 - Deployments | type: Available with status: "True" means that your Deployment has minimum availability. Minimum availability is dictated by the parameters specified in the deployment strategy. type: Progressing with


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Waiting for rollout to finish: 2 out of 3 new replicas have been updated...
error: deployment "nginx" exceeded its progress deadline

Response: This text code 4.2.1 - Deployments | and the exit status from kubectl rollout is 1 (indicating an error):

Context: 4.2.1 - Deployments | and the exit status from kubectl rollout is 1 (indicating an error):


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
 name: nginx-deployment
 labels:
   app: nginx
spec:
 replicas: 3
 selector:
   matchLabels:
     app: nginx
 template:

Response:
   metadata:
     labels:
       app: nginx
   spec:
     containers:
     - name: nginx
       image: nginx:1.14.2
       ports:
       - containerPort: 80
 strategy:
   type: RollingUpdate
   rollingUpdate:
     maxUnavailable: 1

Context: 4.2.1 - Deployments | apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nginx-deployment labels: app: nginx spec: replicas: 3 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx template: metadata: labels:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
 name: nginx-deployment
 labels:
   app: nginx
spec:
 replicas: 3
 selector:
   matchLabels:
     app: nginx
 template:
   metadata:
     labels:
       app: nginx
   spec:
     containers:
     - name: nginx
       image: nginx:1.14.2
       ports:
       - containerPort: 80
 strategy:
   type: RollingUpdate
   rollingUpdate:
     maxUnavailable: 1

Response: This yaml code 4.2.1 - Deployments | apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nginx-deployment labels: app: nginx spec: replicas: 3 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx template: metadata: labels:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
 name: nginx-deployment
 labels:
   app: nginx
spec:
 replicas: 3
 selector:
   matchLabels:
     app: nginx
 template:

Response:
   metadata:
     labels:
       app: nginx
   spec:
     containers:
     - name: nginx
       image: nginx:1.14.2
       ports:
       - containerPort: 80
 strategy:
   type: RollingUpdate
   rollingUpdate:
     maxSurge: 1


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
 name: nginx-deployment
 labels:
   app: nginx
spec:
 replicas: 3
 selector:
   matchLabels:
     app: nginx
 template:
   metadata:
     labels:
       app: nginx
   spec:
     containers:
     - name: nginx
       image: nginx:1.14.2
       ports:
       - containerPort: 80
 strategy:
   type: RollingUpdate
   rollingUpdate:
     maxSurge: 1

Response: This yaml code 4.2.1 - Deployments | apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nginx-deployment labels: app: nginx spec: replicas: 3 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx template: metadata: labels:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
 name: nginx-deployment
 labels:
   app: nginx
spec:
 replicas: 3
 selector:
   matchLabels:
     app: nginx
 template:
   metadata:

Response:
     labels:
       app: nginx
   spec:
     containers:
     - name: nginx
       image: nginx:1.14.2
       ports:
       - containerPort: 80
 strategy:
   type: RollingUpdate
   rollingUpdate:
     maxSurge: 1
     maxUnavailable: 1

Context: 4.2.1 - Deployments | .spec.progressDeadlineSeconds is an optional field that specifies the number of seconds you want to wait for your Deployment to progress before the system reports back that the Deployment has failed p


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
 name: nginx-deployment
 labels:
   app: nginx
spec:
 replicas: 3
 selector:
   matchLabels:
     app: nginx
 template:
   metadata:
     labels:
       app: nginx
   spec:
     containers:
     - name: nginx
       image: nginx:1.14.2
       ports:
       - containerPort: 80
 strategy:
   type: RollingUpdate
   rollingUpdate:
     maxSurge: 1
     maxUnavailable: 1

Response: This yaml code 4.2.1 - Deployments | .spec.progressDeadlineSeconds is an optional field that specifies the number of seconds you want to wait for your Deployment to progress before the system reports back that the Deployment has failed p


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: ReplicaSet
metadata:
  name: frontend
  labels:
    app: guestbook
    tier: frontend
spec:
  # modify replicas according to your case
  replicas: 3

Response:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      tier: frontend
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: frontend
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: php-redis
        image: us-docker.pkg.dev/google-samples/containers/gke/gb-frontend:v5

Context: 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | Saving this manifest into frontend.yaml and submitting it to a Kubernetes cluster will create the defined ReplicaSet and the Pods that it manages.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: ReplicaSet
metadata:
  name: frontend
  labels:
    app: guestbook
    tier: frontend
spec:
  # modify replicas according to your case
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      tier: frontend
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: frontend
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: php-redis
        image: us-docker.pkg.dev/google-samples/containers/gke/gb-frontend:v5

Response: This yaml code 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | Saving this manifest into frontend.yaml and submitting it to a Kubernetes cluster will create the defined ReplicaSet and the Pods that it manages.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://kubernetes.io/examples/controllers/frontend.yaml

Response: This bash code 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | You can then get the current ReplicaSets deployed:

Context: 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | You can then get the current ReplicaSets deployed:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME       DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
frontend   3         3         3       6s

Response: This text code 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | You can also check on the state of the ReplicaSet:

Context: 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | You can also check on the state of the ReplicaSet:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:         frontend
Namespace:    default
Selector:     tier=frontend
Labels:       app=guestbook
              tier=frontend
Annotations:  <none>
Replicas:     3 current / 3 desired
Pods Status:  3 Running / 0 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed
Pod Template:
  Labels:  tier=frontend
  Containers:
   php-redis:

Response:
    Image:        us-docker.pkg.dev/google-samples/containers/gke/gb-frontend:v5
    Port:         <none>
    Host Port:    <none>
    Environment:  <none>
    Mounts:       <none>
  Volumes:        <none>
Events:
  Type    Reason            Age   From                   Message
  ----    ------            ----  ----                   -------
  Normal  SuccessfulCreate  13s   replicaset-controller  Created pod: frontend-gbgfx
  Normal  SuccessfulCreate  13s   replicaset-controller  Created pod: frontend-rwz57
  Normal  SuccessfulCreate  13s   replicaset-controller  Created pod: frontend-wkl7w

Context: 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | And lastly you can check for the Pods brought up:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:         frontend
Namespace:    default
Selector:     tier=frontend
Labels:       app=guestbook
              tier=frontend
Annotations:  <none>
Replicas:     3 current / 3 desired
Pods Status:  3 Running / 0 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed
Pod Template:
  Labels:  tier=frontend
  Containers:
   php-redis:
    Image:        us-docker.pkg.dev/google-samples/containers/gke/gb-frontend:v5
    Port:         <none>
    Host Port:    <none>
    Environment:  <none>
    Mounts:       <none>
  Volumes:        <none>
Events:
  Type    Reason            Age   From                   Message
  ----    ------            ----  ----                   -------
  Normal  SuccessfulCreate  13s   replicaset-controller  Created pod: frontend-gbgfx
  Normal  SuccessfulCreate  13s   replicaset-controller  Created pod: frontend-rwz57
  Normal  SuccessfulCreate  13s   replicaset-controller  Created pod: frontend-wkl7w

Response: This text code 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | And lastly you can check for the Pods brought up:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
frontend-gbgfx   1/1     Running   0          10m

Response:
frontend-rwz57   1/1     Running   0          10m
frontend-wkl7w   1/1     Running   0          10m

Context: 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | You can also verify that the owner reference of these pods is set to the frontend ReplicaSet. To do this, get the yaml of one of the Pods running:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
frontend-gbgfx   1/1     Running   0          10m
frontend-rwz57   1/1     Running   0          10m
frontend-wkl7w   1/1     Running   0          10m

Response: This text code 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | You can also verify that the owner reference of these pods is set to the frontend ReplicaSet. To do this, get the yaml of one of the Pods running:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2024-02-28T22:30:44Z"
  generateName: frontend-
  labels:
    tier: frontend
  name: frontend-gbgfx

Response:
  namespace: default
  ownerReferences:
  - apiVersion: apps/v1
    blockOwnerDeletion: true
    controller: true
    kind: ReplicaSet
    name: frontend
    uid: e129deca-f864-481b-bb16-b27abfd92292
...

Context: 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | While you can create bare Pods with no problems, it is strongly recommended to make sure that the bare Pods do not have labels which match the selector of one of your ReplicaSets. The reason for this


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2024-02-28T22:30:44Z"
  generateName: frontend-
  labels:
    tier: frontend
  name: frontend-gbgfx
  namespace: default
  ownerReferences:
  - apiVersion: apps/v1
    blockOwnerDeletion: true
    controller: true
    kind: ReplicaSet
    name: frontend
    uid: e129deca-f864-481b-bb16-b27abfd92292
...

Response: This yaml code 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | While you can create bare Pods with no problems, it is strongly recommended to make sure that the bare Pods do not have labels which match the selector of one of your ReplicaSets. The reason for this


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod1
  labels:
    tier: frontend
spec:
  containers:
  - name: hello1
    image: gcr.io/google-samples/hello-app:2.0

Response:
---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod2
  labels:
    tier: frontend
spec:
  containers:
  - name: hello2
    image: gcr.io/google-samples/hello-app:1.0

Context: 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | As those Pods do not have a Controller (or any object) as their owner reference and match the selector of the frontend ReplicaSet, they will immediately be acquired by it.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod1
  labels:
    tier: frontend
spec:
  containers:
  - name: hello1
    image: gcr.io/google-samples/hello-app:2.0

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: pod2
  labels:
    tier: frontend
spec:
  containers:
  - name: hello2
    image: gcr.io/google-samples/hello-app:1.0

Response: This yaml code 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | As those Pods do not have a Controller (or any object) as their owner reference and match the selector of the frontend ReplicaSet, they will immediately be acquired by it.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://kubernetes.io/examples/pods/pod-rs.yaml

Response: This bash code 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | The new Pods will be acquired by the ReplicaSet, and then immediately terminated as the ReplicaSet would be over its desired count.

Context: 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | The new Pods will be acquired by the ReplicaSet, and then immediately terminated as the ReplicaSet would be over its desired count.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME             READY   STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE
frontend-b2zdv   1/1     Running       0          10m
frontend-vcmts   1/1     Running       0          10m

Response:
frontend-wtsmm   1/1     Running       0          10m
pod1             0/1     Terminating   0          1s
pod2             0/1     Terminating   0          1s

Context: 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | If you create the Pods first:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME             READY   STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE
frontend-b2zdv   1/1     Running       0          10m
frontend-vcmts   1/1     Running       0          10m
frontend-wtsmm   1/1     Running       0          10m
pod1             0/1     Terminating   0          1s
pod2             0/1     Terminating   0          1s

Response: This text code 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | If you create the Pods first:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://kubernetes.io/examples/pods/pod-rs.yaml

Response: This bash code 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | And then create the ReplicaSet however:

Context: 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | And then create the ReplicaSet however:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://kubernetes.io/examples/controllers/frontend.yaml

Response: This bash code 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | You shall see that the ReplicaSet has acquired the Pods and has only created new ones according to its spec until the number of its new Pods and the original matches its desired count. As fetching the

Context: 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | You shall see that the ReplicaSet has acquired the Pods and has only created new ones according to its spec until the number of its new Pods and the original matches its desired count. As fetching the


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

NAME             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
frontend-hmmj2   1/1     Running   0          9s

Response:
pod1             1/1     Running   0          36s
pod2             1/1     Running   0          36s

Context: 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | In this manner, a ReplicaSet can own a non-homogeneous set of Pods


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
frontend-hmmj2   1/1     Running   0          9s
pod1             1/1     Running   0          36s
pod2             1/1     Running   0          36s

Response: This text code 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | In this manner, a ReplicaSet can own a non-homogeneous set of Pods


Prompt:
Complete this bash code:

kubectl proxy --port=8080
curl -X DELETE  'localhost:8080/apis/apps/v1/namespaces/default/replicasets/frontend' \

Response:
  -d '{"kind":"DeleteOptions","apiVersion":"v1","propagationPolicy":"Foreground"}' \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json"

Context: 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | You can delete a ReplicaSet without affecting any of its Pods using kubectl delete with the --cascade=orphan option. When using the REST API or the client-go library, you must set propagationPolicy to


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl proxy --port=8080
curl -X DELETE  'localhost:8080/apis/apps/v1/namespaces/default/replicasets/frontend' \
  -d '{"kind":"DeleteOptions","apiVersion":"v1","propagationPolicy":"Foreground"}' \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json"

Response: This bash code 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | You can delete a ReplicaSet without affecting any of its Pods using kubectl delete with the --cascade=orphan option. When using the REST API or the client-go library, you must set propagationPolicy to


Prompt:
Complete this bash code:

kubectl proxy --port=8080
curl -X DELETE  'localhost:8080/apis/apps/v1/namespaces/default/replicasets/frontend' \

Response:
  -d '{"kind":"DeleteOptions","apiVersion":"v1","propagationPolicy":"Orphan"}' \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json"

Context: 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | Once the original is deleted, you can create a new ReplicaSet to replace it. As long as the old and new .spec.selector are the same, then the new one will adopt the old Pods. However, it will not make


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl proxy --port=8080
curl -X DELETE  'localhost:8080/apis/apps/v1/namespaces/default/replicasets/frontend' \
  -d '{"kind":"DeleteOptions","apiVersion":"v1","propagationPolicy":"Orphan"}' \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json"

Response: This bash code 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | Once the original is deleted, you can create a new ReplicaSet to replace it. As long as the old and new .spec.selector are the same, then the new one will adopt the old Pods. However, it will not make


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: autoscaling/v1
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
  name: frontend-scaler
spec:

Response:
  scaleTargetRef:
    kind: ReplicaSet
    name: frontend
  minReplicas: 3
  maxReplicas: 10
  targetCPUUtilizationPercentage: 50

Context: 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | Saving this manifest into hpa-rs.yaml and submitting it to a Kubernetes cluster should create the defined HPA that autoscales the target ReplicaSet depending on the CPU usage of the replicated Pods.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: autoscaling/v1
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
  name: frontend-scaler
spec:
  scaleTargetRef:
    kind: ReplicaSet
    name: frontend
  minReplicas: 3
  maxReplicas: 10
  targetCPUUtilizationPercentage: 50

Response: This yaml code 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | Saving this manifest into hpa-rs.yaml and submitting it to a Kubernetes cluster should create the defined HPA that autoscales the target ReplicaSet depending on the CPU usage of the replicated Pods.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/controllers/hpa-rs.yaml

Response: This bash code 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | Alternatively, you can use the kubectl autoscale command to accomplish the same (and it's easier!)

Context: 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | Alternatively, you can use the kubectl autoscale command to accomplish the same (and it's easier!)


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl autoscale rs frontend --max=10 --min=3 --cpu-percent=50

Response: This bash code 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | Deployment is an object which can own ReplicaSets and update them and their Pods via declarative, server-side rolling updates. While ReplicaSets can be used independently, today they're mainly used by

Context: 4.2.2 - ReplicaSet | Deployment is an object which can own ReplicaSets and update them and their Pods via declarative, server-side rolling updates. While ReplicaSets can be used independently, today they're mainly used by


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    name: web
  clusterIP: None
  selector:
    app: nginx
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: web
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx # has to match .spec.template.metadata.labels
  serviceName: "nginx"
  replicas: 3 # by default is 1

Response:
  minReadySeconds: 10 # by default is 0
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx # has to match .spec.selector.matchLabels
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: registry.k8s.io/nginx-slim:0.24
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          name: web
        volumeMounts:
        - name: www
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: www
    spec:
      accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      storageClassName: "my-storage-class"
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 1Gi

Context: 4.2.3 - StatefulSets | In the above example:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    name: web
  clusterIP: None
  selector:
    app: nginx
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: web
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx # has to match .spec.template.metadata.labels
  serviceName: "nginx"
  replicas: 3 # by default is 1
  minReadySeconds: 10 # by default is 0
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx # has to match .spec.selector.matchLabels
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: registry.k8s.io/nginx-slim:0.24
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          name: web
        volumeMounts:
        - name: www
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
  volumeClaimTemplates:
  - metadata:
      name: www
    spec:
      accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      storageClassName: "my-storage-class"
      resources:
        requests:
          storage: 1Gi

Response: This yaml code 4.2.3 - StatefulSets | In the above example:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:

Response:
  name: webapp
spec:
  revisionHistoryLimit: 5  # Keep last 5 revisions
  # ... other spec fields ...

Context: 4.2.3 - StatefulSets | You can revert to a previous configuration using:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: webapp
spec:
  revisionHistoryLimit: 5  # Keep last 5 revisions
  # ... other spec fields ...

Response: This yaml code 4.2.3 - StatefulSets | You can revert to a previous configuration using:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# View revision history
kubectl rollout history statefulset/webapp

Response:
# Rollback to a specific revision
kubectl rollout undo statefulset/webapp --to-revision=3

Context: 4.2.3 - StatefulSets | This will:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# View revision history
kubectl rollout history statefulset/webapp

# Rollback to a specific revision
kubectl rollout undo statefulset/webapp --to-revision=3

Response: This text code 4.2.3 - StatefulSets | This will:

Context: 4.2.3 - StatefulSets | This will:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# List all revisions for the StatefulSet
kubectl get controllerrevisions -l app.kubernetes.io/name=webapp

Response:
# View detailed configuration of a specific revision
kubectl get controllerrevision/webapp-3 -o yaml

Context: 4.2.3 - StatefulSets | Regularly check revisions with:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# List all revisions for the StatefulSet
kubectl get controllerrevisions -l app.kubernetes.io/name=webapp

# View detailed configuration of a specific revision
kubectl get controllerrevision/webapp-3 -o yaml

Response: This text code 4.2.3 - StatefulSets | Regularly check revisions with:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
...
spec:

Response:
  persistentVolumeClaimRetentionPolicy:
    whenDeleted: Retain
    whenScaled: Delete
...

Context: 4.2.3 - StatefulSets | The StatefulSet controller adds owner references to its PVCs, which are then deleted by the garbage collector after the Pod is terminated. This enables the Pod to cleanly unmount all volumes before th


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
...
spec:
  persistentVolumeClaimRetentionPolicy:
    whenDeleted: Retain
    whenScaled: Delete
...

Response: This yaml code 4.2.3 - StatefulSets | The StatefulSet controller adds owner references to its PVCs, which are then deleted by the garbage collector after the Pod is terminated. This enables the Pod to cleanly unmount all volumes before th


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: fluentd-elasticsearch
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: fluentd-logging
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: fluentd-elasticsearch
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: fluentd-elasticsearch
    spec:
      tolerations:
      # these tolerations are to have the daemonset runnable on control plane nodes
      # remove them if your control plane nodes should not run pods
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane
        operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule

Response:
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
        operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      containers:
      - name: fluentd-elasticsearch
        image: quay.io/fluentd_elasticsearch/fluentd:v5.0.1
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 200Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 200Mi
        volumeMounts:
        - name: varlog
          mountPath: /var/log
      # it may be desirable to set a high priority class to ensure that a DaemonSet Pod
      # preempts running Pods
      # priorityClassName: important
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
      volumes:
      - name: varlog
        hostPath:
          path: /var/log

Context: 4.2.4 - DaemonSet | Create a DaemonSet based on the YAML file:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: fluentd-elasticsearch
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: fluentd-logging
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: fluentd-elasticsearch
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: fluentd-elasticsearch
    spec:
      tolerations:
      # these tolerations are to have the daemonset runnable on control plane nodes
      # remove them if your control plane nodes should not run pods
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane
        operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
        operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      containers:
      - name: fluentd-elasticsearch
        image: quay.io/fluentd_elasticsearch/fluentd:v5.0.1
        resources:
          limits:
            memory: 200Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 200Mi
        volumeMounts:
        - name: varlog
          mountPath: /var/log
      # it may be desirable to set a high priority class to ensure that a DaemonSet Pod
      # preempts running Pods
      # priorityClassName: important
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
      volumes:
      - name: varlog
        hostPath:
          path: /var/log

Response: This yaml code 4.2.4 - DaemonSet | Create a DaemonSet based on the YAML file:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/controllers/daemonset.yaml

Response: This bash code 4.2.4 - DaemonSet | As with all other Kubernetes config, a DaemonSet needs apiVersion, kind, and metadata fields. For general information about working with config files, see running stateless applications and object man

Context: 4.2.4 - DaemonSet | As with all other Kubernetes config, a DaemonSet needs apiVersion, kind, and metadata fields. For general information about working with config files, see running stateless applications and object man


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

nodeAffinity:
  requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
    nodeSelectorTerms:
    - matchFields:

Response:
      - key: metadata.name
        operator: In
        values:
        - target-host-name

Context: 4.2.4 - DaemonSet | The DaemonSet controller automatically adds a set of tolerations to DaemonSet Pods:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

nodeAffinity:
  requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
    nodeSelectorTerms:
    - matchFields:
      - key: metadata.name
        operator: In
        values:
        - target-host-name

Response: This text code 4.2.4 - DaemonSet | The DaemonSet controller automatically adds a set of tolerations to DaemonSet Pods:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: pi
spec:
  template:

Response:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: pi
        image: perl:5.34.0
        command: ["perl",  "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
      restartPolicy: Never
  backoffLimit: 4

Context: 4.2.5 - Jobs | You can run the example with this command:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: pi
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: pi
        image: perl:5.34.0
        command: ["perl",  "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
      restartPolicy: Never
  backoffLimit: 4

Response: This yaml code 4.2.5 - Jobs | You can run the example with this command:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://kubernetes.io/examples/controllers/job.yaml

Response: This bash code 4.2.5 - Jobs | The output is similar to this:

Context: 4.2.5 - Jobs | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:           pi
Namespace:      default
Selector:       batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid=c9948307-e56d-4b5d-8302-ae2d7b7da67c
Labels:         batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid=c9948307-e56d-4b5d-8302-ae2d7b7da67c
                batch.kubernetes.io/job-name=pi
                ...
Annotations:    batch.kubernetes.io/job-tracking: ""
Parallelism:    1
Completions:    1
Start Time:     Mon, 02 Dec 2019 15:20:11 +0200
Completed At:   Mon, 02 Dec 2019 15:21:16 +0200
Duration:       65s
Pods Statuses:  0 Running / 1 Succeeded / 0 Failed
Pod Template:
  Labels:  batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid=c9948307-e56d-4b5d-8302-ae2d7b7da67c
           batch.kubernetes.io/job-name=pi
  Containers:

Response:
   pi:
    Image:      perl:5.34.0
    Port:       <none>
    Host Port:  <none>
    Command:
      perl
      -Mbignum=bpi
      -wle
      print bpi(2000)
    Environment:  <none>
    Mounts:       <none>
  Volumes:        <none>
Events:
  Type    Reason            Age   From            Message
  ----    ------            ----  ----            -------
  Normal  SuccessfulCreate  21s   job-controller  Created pod: pi-xf9p4
  Normal  Completed         18s   job-controller  Job completed

Context: 4.2.5 - Jobs | apiVersion: batch/v1 kind: Job metadata: annotations: batch.kubernetes.io/job-tracking: "" ... creationTimestamp: "2022-11-10T17:53:53Z" generation: 1 labels: batch.kubernet


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:           pi
Namespace:      default
Selector:       batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid=c9948307-e56d-4b5d-8302-ae2d7b7da67c
Labels:         batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid=c9948307-e56d-4b5d-8302-ae2d7b7da67c
                batch.kubernetes.io/job-name=pi
                ...
Annotations:    batch.kubernetes.io/job-tracking: ""
Parallelism:    1
Completions:    1
Start Time:     Mon, 02 Dec 2019 15:20:11 +0200
Completed At:   Mon, 02 Dec 2019 15:21:16 +0200
Duration:       65s
Pods Statuses:  0 Running / 1 Succeeded / 0 Failed
Pod Template:
  Labels:  batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid=c9948307-e56d-4b5d-8302-ae2d7b7da67c
           batch.kubernetes.io/job-name=pi
  Containers:
   pi:
    Image:      perl:5.34.0
    Port:       <none>
    Host Port:  <none>
    Command:
      perl
      -Mbignum=bpi
      -wle
      print bpi(2000)
    Environment:  <none>
    Mounts:       <none>
  Volumes:        <none>
Events:
  Type    Reason            Age   From            Message
  ----    ------            ----  ----            -------
  Normal  SuccessfulCreate  21s   job-controller  Created pod: pi-xf9p4
  Normal  Completed         18s   job-controller  Job completed

Response: This text code 4.2.5 - Jobs | apiVersion: batch/v1 kind: Job metadata: annotations: batch.kubernetes.io/job-tracking: "" ... creationTimestamp: "2022-11-10T17:53:53Z" generation: 1 labels: batch.kubernet


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  annotations: batch.kubernetes.io/job-tracking: ""
             ...
  creationTimestamp: "2022-11-10T17:53:53Z"
  generation: 1
  labels:
    batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid: 863452e6-270d-420e-9b94-53a54146c223
    batch.kubernetes.io/job-name: pi
  name: pi
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "4751"
  uid: 204fb678-040b-497f-9266-35ffa8716d14
spec:
  backoffLimit: 4
  completionMode: NonIndexed
  completions: 1
  parallelism: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid: 863452e6-270d-420e-9b94-53a54146c223
  suspend: false
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null

Response:
      labels:
        batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid: 863452e6-270d-420e-9b94-53a54146c223
        batch.kubernetes.io/job-name: pi
    spec:
      containers:
      - command:
        - perl
        - -Mbignum=bpi
        - -wle
        - print bpi(2000)
        image: perl:5.34.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        name: pi
        resources: {}
        terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
        terminationMessagePolicy: File
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      restartPolicy: Never
      schedulerName: default-scheduler
      securityContext: {}
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
status:
  active: 1
  ready: 0
  startTime: "2022-11-10T17:53:57Z"
  uncountedTerminatedPods: {}

Context: 4.2.5 - Jobs | To view completed Pods of a Job, use kubectl get pods.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  annotations: batch.kubernetes.io/job-tracking: ""
             ...
  creationTimestamp: "2022-11-10T17:53:53Z"
  generation: 1
  labels:
    batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid: 863452e6-270d-420e-9b94-53a54146c223
    batch.kubernetes.io/job-name: pi
  name: pi
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "4751"
  uid: 204fb678-040b-497f-9266-35ffa8716d14
spec:
  backoffLimit: 4
  completionMode: NonIndexed
  completions: 1
  parallelism: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid: 863452e6-270d-420e-9b94-53a54146c223
  suspend: false
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid: 863452e6-270d-420e-9b94-53a54146c223
        batch.kubernetes.io/job-name: pi
    spec:
      containers:
      - command:
        - perl
        - -Mbignum=bpi
        - -wle
        - print bpi(2000)
        image: perl:5.34.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        name: pi
        resources: {}
        terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
        terminationMessagePolicy: File
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      restartPolicy: Never
      schedulerName: default-scheduler
      securityContext: {}
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
status:
  active: 1
  ready: 0
  startTime: "2022-11-10T17:53:57Z"
  uncountedTerminatedPods: {}

Response: This yaml code 4.2.5 - Jobs | To view completed Pods of a Job, use kubectl get pods.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

pods=$(kubectl get pods --selector=batch.kubernetes.io/job-name=pi --output=jsonpath='{.items[*].metadata.name}')
echo $pods

Response: This text code 4.2.5 - Jobs | The output is similar to this:


Response: This text code 4.2.5 - Jobs | As with all other Kubernetes config, a Job needs apiVersion, kind, and metadata fields.

Context: 4.2.5 - Jobs | As with all other Kubernetes config, a Job needs apiVersion, kind, and metadata fields.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-backoff-limit-per-index-example
spec:
  completions: 10
  parallelism: 3
  completionMode: Indexed  # required for the feature
  backoffLimitPerIndex: 1  # maximal number of failures per index
  maxFailedIndexes: 5      # maximal number of failed indexes before terminating the Job execution
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never # required for the feature

Response:
      containers:
      - name: example
        image: python
        command:           # The jobs fails as there is at least one failed index
                           # (all even indexes fail in here), yet all indexes
                           # are executed as maxFailedIndexes is not exceeded.
        - python3
        - -c
        - |
          import os, sys
          print("Hello world")
          if int(os.environ.get("JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX")) % 2 == 0:
            sys.exit(1)

Context: 4.2.5 - Jobs | In the example above, the Job controller allows for one restart for each of the indexes. When the total number of failed indexes exceeds 5, then the entire Job is terminated.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-backoff-limit-per-index-example
spec:
  completions: 10
  parallelism: 3
  completionMode: Indexed  # required for the feature
  backoffLimitPerIndex: 1  # maximal number of failures per index
  maxFailedIndexes: 5      # maximal number of failed indexes before terminating the Job execution
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never # required for the feature
      containers:
      - name: example
        image: python
        command:           # The jobs fails as there is at least one failed index
                           # (all even indexes fail in here), yet all indexes
                           # are executed as maxFailedIndexes is not exceeded.
        - python3
        - -c
        - |
          import os, sys
          print("Hello world")
          if int(os.environ.get("JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX")) % 2 == 0:
            sys.exit(1)

Response: This yaml code 4.2.5 - Jobs | In the example above, the Job controller allows for one restart for each of the indexes. When the total number of failed indexes exceeds 5, then the entire Job is terminated.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get -o yaml job job-backoff-limit-per-index-example

Response: This bash code 4.2.5 - Jobs | The Job controller adds the FailureTarget Job condition to trigger Job termination and cleanup. When all of the Job Pods are terminated, the Job controller adds the Failed condition with the same valu

Context: 4.2.5 - Jobs | The Job controller adds the FailureTarget Job condition to trigger Job termination and cleanup. When all of the Job Pods are terminated, the Job controller adds the Failed condition with the same valu


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

status:
    completedIndexes: 1,3,5,7,9
    failedIndexes: 0,2,4,6,8
    succeeded: 5          # 1 succeeded pod for each of 5 succeeded indexes
    failed: 10            # 2 failed pods (1 retry) for each of 5 failed indexes
    conditions:
    - message: Job has failed indexes

Response:
      reason: FailedIndexes
      status: "True"
      type: FailureTarget
    - message: Job has failed indexes
      reason: FailedIndexes
      status: "True"
      type: Failed


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

status:
    completedIndexes: 1,3,5,7,9
    failedIndexes: 0,2,4,6,8
    succeeded: 5          # 1 succeeded pod for each of 5 succeeded indexes
    failed: 10            # 2 failed pods (1 retry) for each of 5 failed indexes
    conditions:
    - message: Job has failed indexes
      reason: FailedIndexes
      status: "True"
      type: FailureTarget
    - message: Job has failed indexes
      reason: FailedIndexes
      status: "True"
      type: Failed

Response: This text code 4.2.5 - Jobs | The Job controller adds the FailureTarget Job condition to trigger Job termination and cleanup. When all of the Job Pods are terminated, the Job controller adds the Failed condition with the same valu


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-pod-failure-policy-example
spec:
  completions: 12
  parallelism: 3
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: docker.io/library/bash:5
        command: ["bash"]        # example command simulating a bug which triggers the FailJob action

Response:
        args:
        - -c
        - echo "Hello world!" && sleep 5 && exit 42
  backoffLimit: 6
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: FailJob
      onExitCodes:
        containerName: main      # optional
        operator: In             # one of: In, NotIn
        values: [42]
    - action: Ignore             # one of: Ignore, FailJob, Count
      onPodConditions:
      - type: DisruptionTarget   # indicates Pod disruption

Context: 4.2.5 - Jobs | In the example above, the first rule of the Pod failure policy specifies that the Job should be marked failed if the main container fails with the 42 exit code. The following are the rules for the mai


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-pod-failure-policy-example
spec:
  completions: 12
  parallelism: 3
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: docker.io/library/bash:5
        command: ["bash"]        # example command simulating a bug which triggers the FailJob action
        args:
        - -c
        - echo "Hello world!" && sleep 5 && exit 42
  backoffLimit: 6
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: FailJob
      onExitCodes:
        containerName: main      # optional
        operator: In             # one of: In, NotIn
        values: [42]
    - action: Ignore             # one of: Ignore, FailJob, Count
      onPodConditions:
      - type: DisruptionTarget   # indicates Pod disruption

Response: This yaml code 4.2.5 - Jobs | In the example above, the first rule of the Pod failure policy specifies that the Job should be marked failed if the main container fails with the 42 exit code. The following are the rules for the mai


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-success
spec:
  parallelism: 10
  completions: 10
  completionMode: Indexed # Required for the success policy
  successPolicy:
    rules:
      - succeededIndexes: 0,2-3
        succeededCount: 1
  template:
    spec:

Response:
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: python
        command:          # Provided that at least one of the Pods with 0, 2, and 3 indexes has succeeded,
                          # the overall Job is a success.
          - python3
          - -c
          - |
            import os, sys
            if os.environ.get("JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX") == "2":
              sys.exit(0)
            else:
              sys.exit(1)
      restartPolicy: Never

Context: 4.2.5 - Jobs | In the example above, both succeededIndexes and succeededCount have been specified. Therefore, the job controller will mark the Job as succeeded and terminate the lingering Pods when either of the spe


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-success
spec:
  parallelism: 10
  completions: 10
  completionMode: Indexed # Required for the success policy
  successPolicy:
    rules:
      - succeededIndexes: 0,2-3
        succeededCount: 1
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: python
        command:          # Provided that at least one of the Pods with 0, 2, and 3 indexes has succeeded,
                          # the overall Job is a success.
          - python3
          - -c
          - |
            import os, sys
            if os.environ.get("JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX") == "2":
              sys.exit(0)
            else:
              sys.exit(1)
      restartPolicy: Never

Response: This yaml code 4.2.5 - Jobs | In the example above, both succeededIndexes and succeededCount have been specified. Therefore, the job controller will mark the Job as succeeded and terminate the lingering Pods when either of the spe


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: pi-with-timeout
spec:
  backoffLimit: 5
  activeDeadlineSeconds: 100

Response:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: pi
        image: perl:5.34.0
        command: ["perl", "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
      restartPolicy: Never

Context: 4.2.5 - Jobs | Note that both the Job spec and the Pod template spec within the Job have an activeDeadlineSeconds field. Ensure that you set this field at the proper level.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: pi-with-timeout
spec:
  backoffLimit: 5
  activeDeadlineSeconds: 100
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: pi
        image: perl:5.34.0
        command: ["perl", "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
      restartPolicy: Never

Response: This yaml code 4.2.5 - Jobs | Note that both the Job spec and the Pod template spec within the Job have an activeDeadlineSeconds field. Ensure that you set this field at the proper level.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: pi-with-ttl
spec:
  ttlSecondsAfterFinished: 100

Response:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: pi
        image: perl:5.34.0
        command: ["perl", "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
      restartPolicy: Never

Context: 4.2.5 - Jobs | The Job pi-with-ttl will be eligible to be automatically deleted, 100 seconds after it finishes.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: pi-with-ttl
spec:
  ttlSecondsAfterFinished: 100
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: pi
        image: perl:5.34.0
        command: ["perl", "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
      restartPolicy: Never

Response: This yaml code 4.2.5 - Jobs | The Job pi-with-ttl will be eligible to be automatically deleted, 100 seconds after it finishes.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: myjob
spec:

Response:
  suspend: true
  parallelism: 1
  completions: 5
  template:
    spec:
      ...

Context: 4.2.5 - Jobs | You can also toggle Job suspension by patching the Job using the command line.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: myjob
spec:
  suspend: true
  parallelism: 1
  completions: 5
  template:
    spec:
      ...

Response: This yaml code 4.2.5 - Jobs | You can also toggle Job suspension by patching the Job using the command line.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl patch job/myjob --type=strategic --patch '{"spec":{"suspend":true}}'

Response: This bash code 4.2.5 - Jobs | Resume a suspended Job:

Context: 4.2.5 - Jobs | Resume a suspended Job:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl patch job/myjob --type=strategic --patch '{"spec":{"suspend":false}}'

Response: This bash code 4.2.5 - Jobs | The Job's status can be used to determine if a Job is suspended or has been suspended in the past:

Context: 4.2.5 - Jobs | The Job's status can be used to determine if a Job is suspended or has been suspended in the past:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
# .metadata and .spec omitted
status:
  conditions:

Response:
  - lastProbeTime: "2021-02-05T13:14:33Z"
    lastTransitionTime: "2021-02-05T13:14:33Z"
    status: "True"
    type: Suspended
  startTime: "2021-02-05T13:13:48Z"

Context: 4.2.5 - Jobs | The Job condition of type "Suspended" with status "True" means the Job is suspended; the lastTransitionTime field can be used to determine how long the Job has been suspended for. If the status of tha


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
# .metadata and .spec omitted
status:
  conditions:
  - lastProbeTime: "2021-02-05T13:14:33Z"
    lastTransitionTime: "2021-02-05T13:14:33Z"
    status: "True"
    type: Suspended
  startTime: "2021-02-05T13:13:48Z"

Response: This yaml code 4.2.5 - Jobs | The Job condition of type "Suspended" with status "True" means the Job is suspended; the lastTransitionTime field can be used to determine how long the Job has been suspended for. If the status of tha


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:           myjob
...
Events:
  Type    Reason            Age   From            Message
  ----    ------            ----  ----            -------

Response:
  Normal  SuccessfulCreate  12m   job-controller  Created pod: myjob-hlrpl
  Normal  SuccessfulDelete  11m   job-controller  Deleted pod: myjob-hlrpl
  Normal  Suspended         11m   job-controller  Job suspended
  Normal  SuccessfulCreate  3s    job-controller  Created pod: myjob-jvb44
  Normal  Resumed           3s    job-controller  Job resumed

Context: 4.2.5 - Jobs | The last four events, particularly the "Suspended" and "Resumed" events, are directly a result of toggling the .spec.suspend field. In the time between these two events, we see that no Pods were creat


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:           myjob
...
Events:
  Type    Reason            Age   From            Message
  ----    ------            ----  ----            -------
  Normal  SuccessfulCreate  12m   job-controller  Created pod: myjob-hlrpl
  Normal  SuccessfulDelete  11m   job-controller  Deleted pod: myjob-hlrpl
  Normal  Suspended         11m   job-controller  Job suspended
  Normal  SuccessfulCreate  3s    job-controller  Created pod: myjob-jvb44
  Normal  Resumed           3s    job-controller  Job resumed

Response: This text code 4.2.5 - Jobs | The last four events, particularly the "Suspended" and "Resumed" events, are directly a result of toggling the .spec.suspend field. In the time between these two events, we see that no Pods were creat


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

kind: Job
metadata:
  name: old
  ...

Response:
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid: a8f3d00d-c6d2-11e5-9f87-42010af00002
  ...

Context: 4.2.5 - Jobs | Then you create a new Job with name new and you explicitly specify the same selector. Since the existing Pods have label batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid=a8f3d00d-c6d2-11e5-9f87-42010af00002, they a


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

kind: Job
metadata:
  name: old
  ...
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid: a8f3d00d-c6d2-11e5-9f87-42010af00002
  ...

Response: This yaml code 4.2.5 - Jobs | Then you create a new Job with name new and you explicitly specify the same selector. Since the existing Pods have label batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid=a8f3d00d-c6d2-11e5-9f87-42010af00002, they a


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

kind: Job
metadata:
  name: new
  ...
spec:

Response:
  manualSelector: true
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid: a8f3d00d-c6d2-11e5-9f87-42010af00002
  ...

Context: 4.2.5 - Jobs | The new Job itself will have a different uid from a8f3d00d-c6d2-11e5-9f87-42010af00002. Setting manualSelector: true tells the system that you know what you are doing and to allow this mismatch.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

kind: Job
metadata:
  name: new
  ...
spec:
  manualSelector: true
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      batch.kubernetes.io/controller-uid: a8f3d00d-c6d2-11e5-9f87-42010af00002
  ...

Response: This yaml code 4.2.5 - Jobs | The new Job itself will have a different uid from a8f3d00d-c6d2-11e5-9f87-42010af00002. Setting manualSelector: true tells the system that you know what you are doing and to allow this mismatch.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

kind: Job
metadata:
  name: new

Response:
  ...
spec:
  podReplacementPolicy: Failed
  ...

Context: 4.2.5 - Jobs | Provided your cluster has the feature gate enabled, you can inspect the .status.terminating field of a Job. The value of the field is the number of Pods owned by the Job that are currently terminating


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

kind: Job
metadata:
  name: new
  ...
spec:
  podReplacementPolicy: Failed
  ...

Response: This yaml code 4.2.5 - Jobs | Provided your cluster has the feature gate enabled, you can inspect the .status.terminating field of a Job. The value of the field is the number of Pods owned by the Job that are currently terminating


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job

Response:
# .metadata and .spec omitted
status:
  terminating: 3 # three Pods are terminating and have not yet reached the Failed phase

Context: 4.2.5 - Jobs | This feature allows you to disable the built-in Job controller, for a specific Job, and delegate reconciliation of the Job to an external controller.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
# .metadata and .spec omitted
status:
  terminating: 3 # three Pods are terminating and have not yet reached the Failed phase

Response: This yaml code 4.2.5 - Jobs | This feature allows you to disable the built-in Job controller, for a specific Job, and delegate reconciliation of the Job to an external controller.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: CronJob
metadata:
  name: hello
spec:
  schedule: "* * * * *"
  jobTemplate:
    spec:
      template:

Response:
        spec:
          containers:
          - name: hello
            image: busybox:1.28
            imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
            command:
            - /bin/sh
            - -c
            - date; echo Hello from the Kubernetes cluster
          restartPolicy: OnFailure

Context: 4.2.7 - CronJob | (Running Automated Tasks with a CronJob takes you through this example in more detail).


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: CronJob
metadata:
  name: hello
spec:
  schedule: "* * * * *"
  jobTemplate:
    spec:
      template:
        spec:
          containers:
          - name: hello
            image: busybox:1.28
            imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
            command:
            - /bin/sh
            - -c
            - date; echo Hello from the Kubernetes cluster
          restartPolicy: OnFailure

Response: This yaml code 4.2.7 - CronJob | (Running Automated Tasks with a CronJob takes you through this example in more detail).


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# ┌───────────── minute (0 - 59)
# │ ┌───────────── hour (0 - 23)
# │ │ ┌───────────── day of the month (1 - 31)
# │ │ │ ┌───────────── month (1 - 12)

Response:
# │ │ │ │ ┌───────────── day of the week (0 - 6) (Sunday to Saturday)
# │ │ │ │ │                                   OR sun, mon, tue, wed, thu, fri, sat
# │ │ │ │ │
# │ │ │ │ │
# * * * * *

Context: 4.2.7 - CronJob | For example, 0 3 * * 1 means this task is scheduled to run weekly on a Monday at 3 AM.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# ┌───────────── minute (0 - 59)
# │ ┌───────────── hour (0 - 23)
# │ │ ┌───────────── day of the month (1 - 31)
# │ │ │ ┌───────────── month (1 - 12)
# │ │ │ │ ┌───────────── day of the week (0 - 6) (Sunday to Saturday)
# │ │ │ │ │                                   OR sun, mon, tue, wed, thu, fri, sat
# │ │ │ │ │
# │ │ │ │ │
# * * * * *

Response: This text code 4.2.7 - CronJob | For example, 0 3 * * 1 means this task is scheduled to run weekly on a Monday at 3 AM.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Cannot determine if job needs to be started. Too many missed start time (> 100). Set or decrease .spec.startingDeadlineSeconds or check clock skew.

Response: This text code 4.2.7 - CronJob | It is important to note that if the startingDeadlineSeconds field is set (not nil), the controller counts how many missed Jobs occurred from the value of startingDeadlineSeconds until now rather than

Context: 4.2.7 - CronJob | It is important to note that if the startingDeadlineSeconds field is set (not nil), the controller counts how many missed Jobs occurred from the value of startingDeadlineSeconds until now rather than


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    app: nginx
  template:

Response:
    metadata:
      name: nginx
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

Context: 4.2.8 - ReplicationController | Run the example job by downloading the example file and then running this command:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      name: nginx
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

Response: This yaml code 4.2.8 - ReplicationController | Run the example job by downloading the example file and then running this command:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/controllers/replication.yaml

Response: This bash code 4.2.8 - ReplicationController | The output is similar to this:

Context: 4.2.8 - ReplicationController | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:        nginx
Namespace:   default
Selector:    app=nginx
Labels:      app=nginx
Annotations:    <none>
Replicas:    3 current / 3 desired
Pods Status: 0 Running / 3 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed
Pod Template:
  Labels:       app=nginx
  Containers:
   nginx:

Response:
    Image:              nginx
    Port:               80/TCP
    Environment:        <none>
    Mounts:             <none>
  Volumes:              <none>
Events:
  FirstSeen       LastSeen     Count    From                        SubobjectPath    Type      Reason              Message
  ---------       --------     -----    ----                        -------------    ----      ------              -------
  20s             20s          1        {replication-controller }                    Normal    SuccessfulCreate    Created pod: nginx-qrm3m
  20s             20s          1        {replication-controller }                    Normal    SuccessfulCreate    Created pod: nginx-3ntk0
  20s             20s          1        {replication-controller }                    Normal    SuccessfulCreate    Created pod: nginx-4ok8v

Context: 4.2.8 - ReplicationController | Here, three pods are created, but none is running yet, perhaps because the image is being pulled. A little later, the same command may show:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:        nginx
Namespace:   default
Selector:    app=nginx
Labels:      app=nginx
Annotations:    <none>
Replicas:    3 current / 3 desired
Pods Status: 0 Running / 3 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed
Pod Template:
  Labels:       app=nginx
  Containers:
   nginx:
    Image:              nginx
    Port:               80/TCP
    Environment:        <none>
    Mounts:             <none>
  Volumes:              <none>
Events:
  FirstSeen       LastSeen     Count    From                        SubobjectPath    Type      Reason              Message
  ---------       --------     -----    ----                        -------------    ----      ------              -------
  20s             20s          1        {replication-controller }                    Normal    SuccessfulCreate    Created pod: nginx-qrm3m
  20s             20s          1        {replication-controller }                    Normal    SuccessfulCreate    Created pod: nginx-3ntk0
  20s             20s          1        {replication-controller }                    Normal    SuccessfulCreate    Created pod: nginx-4ok8v

Response: This text code 4.2.8 - ReplicationController | Here, three pods are created, but none is running yet, perhaps because the image is being pulled. A little later, the same command may show:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Pods Status:    3 Running / 0 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed

Response: This text code 4.2.8 - ReplicationController | To list all the pods that belong to the ReplicationController in a machine readable form, you can use a command like this:

Context: 4.2.8 - ReplicationController | To list all the pods that belong to the ReplicationController in a machine readable form, you can use a command like this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

pods=$(kubectl get pods --selector=app=nginx --output=jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})
echo $pods

Response: This text code 4.2.8 - ReplicationController | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-nginx-svc
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  ports:
  - port: 80
  selector:
    app: nginx
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: my-nginx

Response:
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.14.2
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | Multiple resources can be created the same way as a single resource:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-nginx-svc
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  ports:
  - port: 80
  selector:
    app: nginx
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: my-nginx
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.14.2
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

Response: This yaml code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | Multiple resources can be created the same way as a single resource:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/nginx-app.yaml

Response: This bash code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | The resources will be created in the order they appear in the manifest. Therefore, it's best to specify the Service first, since that will ensure the scheduler can spread the pods associated with the

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | The resources will be created in the order they appear in the manifest. Therefore, it's best to specify the Service first, since that will ensure the scheduler can spread the pods associated with the


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

service/my-nginx-svc created
deployment.apps/my-nginx created

Response: This text code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | The resources will be created in the order they appear in the manifest. Therefore, it's best to specify the Service first, since that will ensure the scheduler can spread the pods associated with the


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/nginx/nginx-svc.yaml \
  -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/nginx/nginx-deployment.yaml

Response: This bash code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | It is a recommended practice to put resources related to the same microservice or application tier into the same file, and to group all of the files associated with your application in the same direct

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | It is a recommended practice to put resources related to the same microservice or application tier into the same file, and to group all of the files associated with your application in the same direct


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/nginx/nginx-deployment.yaml

Response: This bash code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | If you need to define more manifests, such as adding a ConfigMap, you can do that too.

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | If you need to define more manifests, such as adding a ConfigMap, you can do that too.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl delete -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/nginx-app.yaml

Response: This bash code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | In the case of two resources, you can specify both resources on the command line using the resource/name syntax:

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | In the case of two resources, you can specify both resources on the command line using the resource/name syntax:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

deployment.apps "my-nginx" deleted
service "my-nginx-svc" deleted

Response: This text code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | In the case of two resources, you can specify both resources on the command line using the resource/name syntax:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl delete deployments/my-nginx services/my-nginx-svc

Response: This bash code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | For larger numbers of resources, you'll find it easier to specify the selector (label query) specified using -l or --selector, to filter resources by their labels:

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | For larger numbers of resources, you'll find it easier to specify the selector (label query) specified using -l or --selector, to filter resources by their labels:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

deployment.apps "my-nginx" deleted
service "my-nginx-svc" deleted

Response: This text code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | Because kubectl outputs resource names in the same syntax it accepts, you can chain operations using $() or xargs:

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | Because kubectl outputs resource names in the same syntax it accepts, you can chain operations using $() or xargs:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get $(kubectl create -f docs/concepts/cluster-administration/nginx/ -o name | grep service/ )
kubectl create -f docs/concepts/cluster-administration/nginx/ -o name | grep service/ | xargs -i kubectl get '{}'

Response: This bash code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | The output might be similar to:

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | The output might be similar to:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME           TYPE           CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)      AGE
my-nginx-svc   LoadBalancer   10.0.0.208   <pending>     80/TCP       0s

Response: This text code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | With the above commands, first you create resources under examples/application/nginx/ and print the resources created with -o name output format (print each resource as resource/name). Then you grep o

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | With the above commands, first you create resources under examples/application/nginx/ and print the resources created with -o name output format (print each resource as resource/name). Then you grep o


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

project/k8s/development
├── configmap
│   └── my-configmap.yaml

Response:
├── deployment
│   └── my-deployment.yaml
└── pvc
    └── my-pvc.yaml

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | By default, performing a bulk operation on project/k8s/development will stop at the first level of the directory, not processing any subdirectories. If you had tried to create the resources in this di


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

project/k8s/development
├── configmap
│   └── my-configmap.yaml
├── deployment
│   └── my-deployment.yaml
└── pvc
    └── my-pvc.yaml

Response: This text code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | By default, performing a bulk operation on project/k8s/development will stop at the first level of the directory, not processing any subdirectories. If you had tried to create the resources in this di


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

error: you must provide one or more resources by argument or filename (.json|.yaml|.yml|stdin)

Response: This text code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | Instead, specify the --recursive or -R command line argument along with the --filename/-f argument:

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | Instead, specify the --recursive or -R command line argument along with the --filename/-f argument:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f project/k8s/development --recursive

Response: This bash code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | The --recursive argument works with any operation that accepts the --filename/-f argument such as: kubectl create, kubectl get, kubectl delete, kubectl describe, or even kubectl rollout.

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | The --recursive argument works with any operation that accepts the --filename/-f argument such as: kubectl create, kubectl get, kubectl delete, kubectl describe, or even kubectl rollout.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

configmap/my-config created
deployment.apps/my-deployment created
persistentvolumeclaim/my-pvc created

Response: This text code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | The --recursive argument works with any operation that accepts the --filename/-f argument such as: kubectl create, kubectl get, kubectl delete, kubectl describe, or even kubectl rollout.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f project/k8s/namespaces -f project/k8s/development --recursive

Response: This bash code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | If you're interested in learning more about kubectl, go ahead and read Command line tool (kubectl).

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | If you're interested in learning more about kubectl, go ahead and read Command line tool (kubectl).


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

namespace/development created
namespace/staging created

Response:
configmap/my-config created
deployment.apps/my-deployment created
persistentvolumeclaim/my-pvc created


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

namespace/development created
namespace/staging created
configmap/my-config created
deployment.apps/my-deployment created
persistentvolumeclaim/my-pvc created

Response: This text code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | If you're interested in learning more about kubectl, go ahead and read Command line tool (kubectl).


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl create deployment my-nginx --image=nginx:1.14.2

Response: This bash code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | Ensure that there is 1 replica:

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | Ensure that there is 1 replica:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl scale --replicas 1 deployments/my-nginx --subresource='scale' --type='merge' -p '{"spec":{"replicas": 1}}'

Response: This bash code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | and allow Kubernetes to add more temporary replicas during a rollout, by setting a surge maximum of 100%:

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | and allow Kubernetes to add more temporary replicas during a rollout, by setting a surge maximum of 100%:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl patch --type='merge' -p '{"spec":{"strategy":{"rollingUpdate":{"maxSurge": "100%" }}}}'

Response: This bash code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | To update to version 1.16.1, change .spec.template.spec.containers[0].image from nginx:1.14.2 to nginx:1.16.1 using kubectl edit:

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | To update to version 1.16.1, change .spec.template.spec.containers[0].image from nginx:1.14.2 to nginx:1.16.1 using kubectl edit:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl edit deployment/my-nginx
# Change the manifest to use the newer container image, then save your changes

Response: This bash code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | That's it! The Deployment will declaratively update the deployed nginx application progressively behind the scene. It ensures that only a certain number of old replicas may be down while they are bein

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | That's it! The Deployment will declaratively update the deployed nginx application progressively behind the scene. It ensures that only a certain number of old replicas may be down while they are bein


Prompt:
Complete this bash code:

kubectl apply -f my-deployment.yaml

Response:
# wait for rollout to finish
kubectl rollout status deployment/my-deployment --timeout 10m # 10 minute timeout

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | or


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f my-deployment.yaml

# wait for rollout to finish
kubectl rollout status deployment/my-deployment --timeout 10m # 10 minute timeout

Response: This bash code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | or

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | or


Prompt:
Complete this bash code:

kubectl apply -f backing-stateful-component.yaml

Response:
# don't wait for rollout to finish, just check the status
kubectl rollout status statefulsets/backing-stateful-component --watch=false

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | You can also pause, resume or cancel a rollout. Visit kubectl rollout to learn more.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f backing-stateful-component.yaml

# don't wait for rollout to finish, just check the status
kubectl rollout status statefulsets/backing-stateful-component --watch=false

Response: This bash code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | You can also pause, resume or cancel a rollout. Visit kubectl rollout to learn more.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

name: frontend
replicas: 3
...
labels:

Response:
   app: guestbook
   tier: frontend
   track: stable
...
image: gb-frontend:v3

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | and then you can create a new release of the guestbook frontend that carries the track label with different value (i.e. canary), so that two sets of pods would not overlap:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

name: frontend
replicas: 3
...
labels:
   app: guestbook
   tier: frontend
   track: stable
...
image: gb-frontend:v3

Response: This text code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | and then you can create a new release of the guestbook frontend that carries the track label with different value (i.e. canary), so that two sets of pods would not overlap:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

name: frontend-canary
replicas: 1
...
labels:

Response:
   app: guestbook
   tier: frontend
   track: canary
...
image: gb-frontend:v4

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | The frontend service would span both sets of replicas by selecting the common subset of their labels (i.e. omitting the track label), so that the traffic will be redirected to both applications:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

name: frontend-canary
replicas: 1
...
labels:
   app: guestbook
   tier: frontend
   track: canary
...
image: gb-frontend:v4

Response: This text code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | The frontend service would span both sets of replicas by selecting the common subset of their labels (i.e. omitting the track label), so that the traffic will be redirected to both applications:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl annotate pods my-nginx-v4-9gw19 description='my frontend running nginx'
kubectl get pods my-nginx-v4-9gw19 -o yaml

Response: This bash code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | For more information, see annotations and kubectl annotate.

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | For more information, see annotations and kubectl annotate.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: pod
metadata:

Response:
  annotations:
    description: my frontend running nginx
...


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: pod
metadata:
  annotations:
    description: my frontend running nginx
...

Response: This yaml code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | For more information, see annotations and kubectl annotate.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                        READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
my-nginx-2035384211-j5fhi   1/1       Running   0          30m

Response: This text code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | To have the system automatically choose the number of nginx replicas as needed, ranging from 1 to 3, do:

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | To have the system automatically choose the number of nginx replicas as needed, ranging from 1 to 3, do:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# This requires an existing source of container and Pod metrics
kubectl autoscale deployment/my-nginx --min=1 --max=3

Response: This text code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | Now your nginx replicas will be scaled up and down as needed, automatically.

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | Now your nginx replicas will be scaled up and down as needed, automatically.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

horizontalpodautoscaler.autoscaling/my-nginx autoscaled

Response: This text code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | Now your nginx replicas will be scaled up and down as needed, automatically.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/nginx/nginx-deployment.yaml

Response: This bash code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | To learn more about the underlying mechanism, read server-side apply.

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | To learn more about the underlying mechanism, read server-side apply.


Prompt:
Complete this bash code:

kubectl get deployment my-nginx -o yaml > /tmp/nginx.yaml
vi /tmp/nginx.yaml
# do some edit, and then save the file

Response:
kubectl apply -f /tmp/nginx.yaml
deployment.apps/my-nginx configured

rm /tmp/nginx.yaml

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | This allows you to do more significant changes more easily. Note that you can specify the editor with your EDITOR or KUBE_EDITOR environment variables.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get deployment my-nginx -o yaml > /tmp/nginx.yaml
vi /tmp/nginx.yaml
# do some edit, and then save the file

kubectl apply -f /tmp/nginx.yaml
deployment.apps/my-nginx configured

rm /tmp/nginx.yaml

Response: This bash code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | This allows you to do more significant changes more easily. Note that you can specify the editor with your EDITOR or KUBE_EDITOR environment variables.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl replace -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/nginx/nginx-deployment.yaml --force

Response: This bash code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | The Kubernetes network model is built out of several pieces:

Context: 4.4 - Managing Workloads | The Kubernetes network model is built out of several pieces:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

deployment.apps/my-nginx deleted
deployment.apps/my-nginx replaced

Response: This text code 4.4 - Managing Workloads | The Kubernetes network model is built out of several pieces:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
spec:

Response:
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 9376

Context: 5.1 - Service | Applying this manifest creates a new Service named "my-service" with the default ClusterIP service type. The Service targets TCP port 9376 on any Pod with the app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp label.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
spec:
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 9376

Response: This yaml code 5.1 - Service | Applying this manifest creates a new Service named "my-service" with the default ClusterIP service type. The Service targets TCP port 9376 on any Pod with the app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp label.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: proxy
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx:stable
    ports:
      - containerPort: 80
        name: http-web-svc

Response:
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service
spec:
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: proxy
  ports:
  - name: name-of-service-port
    protocol: TCP
    port: 80
    targetPort: http-web-svc

Context: 5.1 - Service | This works even if there is a mixture of Pods in the Service using a single configured name, with the same network protocol available via different port numbers. This offers a lot of flexibility for d


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: proxy
spec:
  containers:
  - name: nginx
    image: nginx:stable
    ports:
      - containerPort: 80
        name: http-web-svc

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service
spec:
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: proxy
  ports:
  - name: name-of-service-port
    protocol: TCP
    port: 80
    targetPort: http-web-svc

Response: This yaml code 5.1 - Service | This works even if there is a mixture of Pods in the Service using a single configured name, with the same network protocol available via different port numbers. This offers a lot of flexibility for d


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
spec:

Response:
  ports:
    - name: http
      protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 9376

Context: 5.1 - Service | Because this Service has no selector, the corresponding EndpointSlice objects are not created automatically. You can map the Service to the network address and port where it's running, by adding an En


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
spec:
  ports:
    - name: http
      protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 9376

Response: This yaml code 5.1 - Service | Because this Service has no selector, the corresponding EndpointSlice objects are not created automatically. You can map the Service to the network address and port where it's running, by adding an En


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: discovery.k8s.io/v1
kind: EndpointSlice
metadata:
  name: my-service-1 # by convention, use the name of the Service
                     # as a prefix for the name of the EndpointSlice
  labels:
    # You should set the "kubernetes.io/service-name" label.
    # Set its value to match the name of the Service
    kubernetes.io/service-name: my-service
addressType: IPv4

Response:
ports:
  - name: http # should match with the name of the service port defined above
    appProtocol: http
    protocol: TCP
    port: 9376
endpoints:
  - addresses:
      - "10.4.5.6"
  - addresses:
      - "10.1.2.3"

Context: 5.1 - Service | When you create an EndpointSlice object for a Service, you can use any name for the EndpointSlice. Each EndpointSlice in a namespace must have a unique name. You link an EndpointSlice to a Service by


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: discovery.k8s.io/v1
kind: EndpointSlice
metadata:
  name: my-service-1 # by convention, use the name of the Service
                     # as a prefix for the name of the EndpointSlice
  labels:
    # You should set the "kubernetes.io/service-name" label.
    # Set its value to match the name of the Service
    kubernetes.io/service-name: my-service
addressType: IPv4
ports:
  - name: http # should match with the name of the service port defined above
    appProtocol: http
    protocol: TCP
    port: 9376
endpoints:
  - addresses:
      - "10.4.5.6"
  - addresses:
      - "10.1.2.3"

Response: This yaml code 5.1 - Service | When you create an EndpointSlice object for a Service, you can use any name for the EndpointSlice. Each EndpointSlice in a namespace must have a unique name. You link an EndpointSlice to a Service by


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
spec:
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
  ports:

Response:
    - name: http
      protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 9376
    - name: https
      protocol: TCP
      port: 443
      targetPort: 9377

Context: 5.1 - Service | As with Kubernetes names in general, names for ports must only contain lowercase alphanumeric characters and -. Port names must also start and end with an alphanumeric character.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
spec:
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
  ports:
    - name: http
      protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 9376
    - name: https
      protocol: TCP
      port: 443
      targetPort: 9377

Response: This yaml code 5.1 - Service | As with Kubernetes names in general, names for ports must only contain lowercase alphanumeric characters and -. Port names must also start and end with an alphanumeric character.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp

Response:
  ports:
    - port: 80
      # By default and for convenience, the `targetPort` is set to
      # the same value as the `port` field.
      targetPort: 80
      # Optional field
      # By default and for convenience, the Kubernetes control plane
      # will allocate a port from a range (default: 30000-32767)
      nodePort: 30007

Context: 5.1 - Service | The policy for assigning ports to NodePort services applies to both the auto-assignment and the manual assignment scenarios. When a user wants to create a NodePort service that uses a specific port, t


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
  ports:
    - port: 80
      # By default and for convenience, the `targetPort` is set to
      # the same value as the `port` field.
      targetPort: 80
      # Optional field
      # By default and for convenience, the Kubernetes control plane
      # will allocate a port from a range (default: 30000-32767)
      nodePort: 30007

Response: This yaml code 5.1 - Service | The policy for assigning ports to NodePort services applies to both the auto-assignment and the manual assignment scenarios. When a user wants to create a NodePort service that uses a specific port, t