Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME     READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP           NODE
nginx    1/1       Running   0          13s    10.200.0.4   worker0

Response: This text code 14.1 - Adding entries to Pod /etc/hosts with HostAliases | The hosts file content would look like this:

Context: 14.1 - Adding entries to Pod /etc/hosts with HostAliases | The hosts file content would look like this:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# Kubernetes-managed hosts file.
127.0.0.1	localhost
::1	localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0	ip6-localnet

Response:
fe00::0	ip6-mcastprefix
fe00::1	ip6-allnodes
fe00::2	ip6-allrouters
10.200.0.4	nginx

Context: 14.1 - Adding entries to Pod /etc/hosts with HostAliases | By default, the hosts file only includes IPv4 and IPv6 boilerplates like localhost and its own hostname.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Kubernetes-managed hosts file.
127.0.0.1	localhost
::1	localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0	ip6-localnet
fe00::0	ip6-mcastprefix
fe00::1	ip6-allnodes
fe00::2	ip6-allrouters
10.200.0.4	nginx

Response: This text code 14.1 - Adding entries to Pod /etc/hosts with HostAliases | By default, the hosts file only includes IPv4 and IPv6 boilerplates like localhost and its own hostname.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: hostaliases-pod
spec:
  restartPolicy: Never
  hostAliases:
  - ip: "127.0.0.1"
    hostnames:
    - "foo.local"
    - "bar.local"

Response:
  - ip: "10.1.2.3"
    hostnames:
    - "foo.remote"
    - "bar.remote"
  containers:
  - name: cat-hosts
    image: busybox:1.28
    command:
    - cat
    args:
    - "/etc/hosts"

Context: 14.1 - Adding entries to Pod /etc/hosts with HostAliases | You can start a Pod with that configuration by running:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: hostaliases-pod
spec:
  restartPolicy: Never
  hostAliases:
  - ip: "127.0.0.1"
    hostnames:
    - "foo.local"
    - "bar.local"
  - ip: "10.1.2.3"
    hostnames:
    - "foo.remote"
    - "bar.remote"
  containers:
  - name: cat-hosts
    image: busybox:1.28
    command:
    - cat
    args:
    - "/etc/hosts"

Response: This yaml code 14.1 - Adding entries to Pod /etc/hosts with HostAliases | You can start a Pod with that configuration by running:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/service/networking/hostaliases-pod.yaml

Response: This shell code 14.1 - Adding entries to Pod /etc/hosts with HostAliases | Examine a Pod's details to see its IPv4 address and its status:

Context: 14.1 - Adding entries to Pod /etc/hosts with HostAliases | Examine a Pod's details to see its IPv4 address and its status:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                           READY     STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE       IP              NODE
hostaliases-pod                0/1       Completed   0          6s        10.200.0.5      worker0

Response: This text code 14.1 - Adding entries to Pod /etc/hosts with HostAliases | The hosts file content looks like this:

Context: 14.1 - Adding entries to Pod /etc/hosts with HostAliases | The hosts file content looks like this:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# Kubernetes-managed hosts file.
127.0.0.1	localhost
::1	localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0	ip6-localnet
fe00::0	ip6-mcastprefix
fe00::1	ip6-allnodes

Response:
fe00::2	ip6-allrouters
10.200.0.5	hostaliases-pod

# Entries added by HostAliases.
127.0.0.1	foo.local	bar.local
10.1.2.3	foo.remote	bar.remote

Context: 14.1 - Adding entries to Pod /etc/hosts with HostAliases | with the additional entries specified at the bottom.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Kubernetes-managed hosts file.
127.0.0.1	localhost
::1	localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0	ip6-localnet
fe00::0	ip6-mcastprefix
fe00::1	ip6-allnodes
fe00::2	ip6-allrouters
10.200.0.5	hostaliases-pod

# Entries added by HostAliases.
127.0.0.1	foo.local	bar.local
10.1.2.3	foo.remote	bar.remote

Response: This text code 14.1 - Adding entries to Pod /etc/hosts with HostAliases | with the additional entries specified at the bottom.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME         CIDRS          AGE
kubernetes   10.96.0.0/28   17d

Response: This text code 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | The well-known kubernetes Service, that exposes the kube-apiserver endpoint to the Pods, calculates the first IP address from the default ServiceCIDR range and uses that IP address as its cluster IP a

Context: 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | The well-known kubernetes Service, that exposes the kube-apiserver endpoint to the Pods, calculates the first IP address from the default ServiceCIDR range and uses that IP address as its cluster IP a


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1    <none>        443/TCP   17d

Response: This text code 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | The default Service, in this case, uses the ClusterIP 10.96.0.1, that has the corresponding IPAddress object.

Context: 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | The default Service, in this case, uses the ClusterIP 10.96.0.1, that has the corresponding IPAddress object.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME        PARENTREF
10.96.0.1   services/default/kubernetes

Response: This text code 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | The ServiceCIDRs are protected with finalizers, to avoid leaving Service ClusterIPs orphans; the finalizer is only removed if there is another subnet that contains the existing IPAddresses or there ar

Context: 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | The ServiceCIDRs are protected with finalizers, to avoid leaving Service ClusterIPs orphans; the finalizer is only removed if there is another subnet that contains the existing IPAddresses or there ar


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

for i in $(seq 1 13); do kubectl create service clusterip "test-$i" --tcp 80 -o json | jq -r .spec.clusterIP; done

Response: This sh code 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | You can increase the number of IP addresses available for Services, by creating a new ServiceCIDR that extends or adds new IP address ranges.

Context: 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | You can increase the number of IP addresses available for Services, by creating a new ServiceCIDR that extends or adds new IP address ranges.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

10.96.0.11
10.96.0.5
10.96.0.12
10.96.0.13
10.96.0.14
10.96.0.2

Response:
10.96.0.3
10.96.0.4
10.96.0.6
10.96.0.7
10.96.0.8
10.96.0.9
error: failed to create ClusterIP service: Internal error occurred: failed to allocate a serviceIP: range is full


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

10.96.0.11
10.96.0.5
10.96.0.12
10.96.0.13
10.96.0.14
10.96.0.2
10.96.0.3
10.96.0.4
10.96.0.6
10.96.0.7
10.96.0.8
10.96.0.9
error: failed to create ClusterIP service: Internal error occurred: failed to allocate a serviceIP: range is full

Response: This text code 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | You can increase the number of IP addresses available for Services, by creating a new ServiceCIDR that extends or adds new IP address ranges.


Prompt:
Complete this sh code:

cat <EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ServiceCIDR
metadata:

Response:
  name: newcidr1
spec:
  cidrs:
  - 10.96.0.0/24
EOF

Context: 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | and this will allow you to create new Services with ClusterIPs that will be picked from this new range.


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

cat <EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ServiceCIDR
metadata:
  name: newcidr1
spec:
  cidrs:
  - 10.96.0.0/24
EOF

Response: This sh code 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | and this will allow you to create new Services with ClusterIPs that will be picked from this new range.


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

for i in $(seq 13 16); do kubectl create service clusterip "test-$i" --tcp 80 -o json | jq -r .spec.clusterIP; done

Response: This sh code 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | You cannot delete a ServiceCIDR if there are IPAddresses that depend on the ServiceCIDR.

Context: 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | You cannot delete a ServiceCIDR if there are IPAddresses that depend on the ServiceCIDR.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ServiceCIDR
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2023-10-12T15:11:07Z"
  deletionGracePeriodSeconds: 0
  deletionTimestamp: "2023-10-12T15:12:45Z"
  finalizers:
  - networking.k8s.io/service-cidr-finalizer
  name: newcidr1
  resourceVersion: "1133"
  uid: 5ffd8afe-c78f-4e60-ae76-cec448a8af40

Response:
spec:
  cidrs:
  - 10.96.0.0/24
status:
  conditions:
  - lastTransitionTime: "2023-10-12T15:12:45Z"
    message: There are still IPAddresses referencing the ServiceCIDR, please remove
      them or create a new ServiceCIDR
    reason: OrphanIPAddress
    status: "False"
    type: Ready

Context: 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | By removing the Services containing the IP addresses that are blocking the deletion of the ServiceCIDR


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ServiceCIDR
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2023-10-12T15:11:07Z"
  deletionGracePeriodSeconds: 0
  deletionTimestamp: "2023-10-12T15:12:45Z"
  finalizers:
  - networking.k8s.io/service-cidr-finalizer
  name: newcidr1
  resourceVersion: "1133"
  uid: 5ffd8afe-c78f-4e60-ae76-cec448a8af40
spec:
  cidrs:
  - 10.96.0.0/24
status:
  conditions:
  - lastTransitionTime: "2023-10-12T15:12:45Z"
    message: There are still IPAddresses referencing the ServiceCIDR, please remove
      them or create a new ServiceCIDR
    reason: OrphanIPAddress
    status: "False"
    type: Ready

Response: This yaml code 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | By removing the Services containing the IP addresses that are blocking the deletion of the ServiceCIDR


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

for i in $(seq 13 16); do kubectl delete service "test-$i" ; done

Response: This sh code 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | the control plane notices the removal. The control plane then removes its finalizer, so that the ServiceCIDR that was pending deletion will actually be removed.

Context: 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | the control plane notices the removal. The control plane then removes its finalizer, so that the ServiceCIDR that was pending deletion will actually be removed.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

service "test-13" deleted
service "test-14" deleted

Response:
service "test-15" deleted
service "test-16" deleted


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

service "test-13" deleted
service "test-14" deleted
service "test-15" deleted
service "test-16" deleted

Response: This text code 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | the control plane notices the removal. The control plane then removes its finalizer, so that the ServiceCIDR that was pending deletion will actually be removed.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Error from server (NotFound): servicecidrs.networking.k8s.io "newcidr1" not found

Response: This text code 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | Cluster administrators can implement policies to control the creation and modification of ServiceCIDR resources within the cluster. This allows for centralized management of the IP address ranges used

Context: 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | Cluster administrators can implement policies to control the creation and modification of ServiceCIDR resources within the cluster. This allows for centralized management of the IP address ranges used


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

matchConditions:
  - name: 'exclude-default-servicecidr'
    expression: "object.metadata.name != 'kubernetes'"

Response: This yaml code 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | as in the examples below.

Context: 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | as in the examples below.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicy
metadata:
  name: "servicecidrs.default"
spec:
  failurePolicy: Fail
  matchConstraints:
    resourceRules:
    - apiGroups:   ["networking.k8s.io"]
      apiVersions: ["v1","v1beta1"]
      operations:  ["CREATE", "UPDATE"]
      resources:   ["servicecidrs"]
  matchConditions:
  - name: 'exclude-default-servicecidr'
    expression: "object.metadata.name != 'kubernetes'"

Response:
  variables:
  - name: allowed
    expression: "['10.96.0.0/16','2001:db8::/64']"
  validations:
  - expression: "object.spec.cidrs.all(newCIDR, variables.allowed.exists(allowedCIDR, cidr(allowedCIDR).containsCIDR(newCIDR)))"
  # For all CIDRs (newCIDR) listed in the spec.cidrs of the submitted ServiceCIDR
  # object, check if there exists at least one CIDR (allowedCIDR) in the `allowed`
  # list of the VAP such that the allowedCIDR fully contains the newCIDR.
---
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding
metadata:
  name: "servicecidrs-binding"
spec:
  policyName: "servicecidrs.default"
  validationActions: [Deny,Audit]

Context: 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | Consult the CEL documentation to learn more about CEL if you want to write your own validation expression.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicy
metadata:
  name: "servicecidrs.default"
spec:
  failurePolicy: Fail
  matchConstraints:
    resourceRules:
    - apiGroups:   ["networking.k8s.io"]
      apiVersions: ["v1","v1beta1"]
      operations:  ["CREATE", "UPDATE"]
      resources:   ["servicecidrs"]
  matchConditions:
  - name: 'exclude-default-servicecidr'
    expression: "object.metadata.name != 'kubernetes'"
  variables:
  - name: allowed
    expression: "['10.96.0.0/16','2001:db8::/64']"
  validations:
  - expression: "object.spec.cidrs.all(newCIDR, variables.allowed.exists(allowedCIDR, cidr(allowedCIDR).containsCIDR(newCIDR)))"
  # For all CIDRs (newCIDR) listed in the spec.cidrs of the submitted ServiceCIDR
  # object, check if there exists at least one CIDR (allowedCIDR) in the `allowed`
  # list of the VAP such that the allowedCIDR fully contains the newCIDR.
---
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding
metadata:
  name: "servicecidrs-binding"
spec:
  policyName: "servicecidrs.default"
  validationActions: [Deny,Audit]

Response: This yaml code 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | Consult the CEL documentation to learn more about CEL if you want to write your own validation expression.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicy
metadata:
  name: "servicecidrs.deny"
spec:
  failurePolicy: Fail
  matchConstraints:
    resourceRules:
    - apiGroups:   ["networking.k8s.io"]
      apiVersions: ["v1","v1beta1"]
      operations:  ["CREATE", "UPDATE"]

Response:
      resources:   ["servicecidrs"]
  validations:
  - expression: "object.metadata.name == 'kubernetes'"
---
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding
metadata:
  name: "servicecidrs-deny-binding"
spec:
  policyName: "servicecidrs.deny"
  validationActions: [Deny,Audit]

Context: 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | This document shares how to reconfigure the default Service IP range(s) assigned to a cluster.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicy
metadata:
  name: "servicecidrs.deny"
spec:
  failurePolicy: Fail
  matchConstraints:
    resourceRules:
    - apiGroups:   ["networking.k8s.io"]
      apiVersions: ["v1","v1beta1"]
      operations:  ["CREATE", "UPDATE"]
      resources:   ["servicecidrs"]
  validations:
  - expression: "object.metadata.name == 'kubernetes'"
---
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingAdmissionPolicyBinding
metadata:
  name: "servicecidrs-deny-binding"
spec:
  policyName: "servicecidrs.deny"
  validationActions: [Deny,Audit]

Response: This yaml code 14.2 - Extend Service IP Ranges | This document shares how to reconfigure the default Service IP range(s) assigned to a cluster.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get nodes k8s-linuxpool1-34450317-0 -o go-template --template='{{range .spec.podCIDRs}}{{printf "%s\n" .}}{{end}}'

Response: This shell code 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | There should be one IPv4 block and one IPv6 block allocated.

Context: 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | There should be one IPv4 block and one IPv6 block allocated.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get nodes k8s-linuxpool1-34450317-0 -o go-template --template='{{range .status.addresses}}{{printf "%s: %s\n" .type .address}}{{end}}'

Response: This shell code 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | Validate that a Pod has an IPv4 and IPv6 address assigned. Replace the Pod name with a valid Pod in your cluster. In this example the Pod name is pod01:

Context: 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | Validate that a Pod has an IPv4 and IPv6 address assigned. Replace the Pod name with a valid Pod in your cluster. In this example the Pod name is pod01:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Hostname: k8s-linuxpool1-34450317-0
InternalIP: 10.0.0.5
InternalIP: 2001:db8:10::5

Response: This text code 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | Validate that a Pod has an IPv4 and IPv6 address assigned. Replace the Pod name with a valid Pod in your cluster. In this example the Pod name is pod01:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pods pod01 -o go-template --template='{{range .status.podIPs}}{{printf "%s\n" .ip}}{{end}}'

Response: This shell code 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | You can also validate Pod IPs using the Downward API via the status.podIPs fieldPath. The following snippet demonstrates how you can expose the Pod IPs via an environment variable called MY_POD_IPS wi

Context: 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | You can also validate Pod IPs using the Downward API via the status.podIPs fieldPath. The following snippet demonstrates how you can expose the Pod IPs via an environment variable called MY_POD_IPS wi


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

env:
        - name: MY_POD_IPS

Response:
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: status.podIPs

Context: 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | The following command prints the value of the MY_POD_IPS environment variable from within a container. The value is a comma separated list that corresponds to the Pod's IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

env:
        - name: MY_POD_IPS
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: status.podIPs

Response: This yaml code 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | The following command prints the value of the MY_POD_IPS environment variable from within a container. The value is a comma separated list that corresponds to the Pod's IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# Kubernetes-managed hosts file.
127.0.0.1    localhost
::1    localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0    ip6-localnet

Response:
fe00::0    ip6-mcastprefix
fe00::1    ip6-allnodes
fe00::2    ip6-allrouters
10.244.1.4    pod01
2001:db8::4    pod01

Context: 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | Create the following Service that does not explicitly define .spec.ipFamilyPolicy. Kubernetes will assign a cluster IP for the Service from the first configured service-cluster-ip-range and set the .s


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Kubernetes-managed hosts file.
127.0.0.1    localhost
::1    localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0    ip6-localnet
fe00::0    ip6-mcastprefix
fe00::1    ip6-allnodes
fe00::2    ip6-allrouters
10.244.1.4    pod01
2001:db8::4    pod01

Response: This text code 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | Create the following Service that does not explicitly define .spec.ipFamilyPolicy. Kubernetes will assign a cluster IP for the Service from the first configured service-cluster-ip-range and set the .s


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp

Response:
spec:
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80

Context: 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | Use kubectl to view the YAML for the Service.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
spec:
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80

Response: This yaml code 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | Use kubectl to view the YAML for the Service.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
  namespace: default
spec:
  clusterIP: 10.0.217.164
  clusterIPs:
  - 10.0.217.164
  ipFamilies:
  - IPv4

Response:
  ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
  ports:
  - port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 9376
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: ClusterIP
status:
  loadBalancer: {}

Context: 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | Create the following Service that explicitly defines IPv6 as the first array element in .spec.ipFamilies. Kubernetes will assign a cluster IP for the Service from the IPv6 range configured service-clu


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
  namespace: default
spec:
  clusterIP: 10.0.217.164
  clusterIPs:
  - 10.0.217.164
  ipFamilies:
  - IPv4
  ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
  ports:
  - port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 9376
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: ClusterIP
status:
  loadBalancer: {}

Response: This yaml code 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | Create the following Service that explicitly defines IPv6 as the first array element in .spec.ipFamilies. Kubernetes will assign a cluster IP for the Service from the IPv6 range configured service-clu


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
spec:

Response:
  ipFamilies:
  - IPv6
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
spec:
  ipFamilies:
  - IPv6
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80

Response: This yaml code 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | Use kubectl to view the YAML for the Service.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
  name: my-service
spec:
  clusterIP: 2001:db8:fd00::5118
  clusterIPs:
  - 2001:db8:fd00::5118
  ipFamilies:

Response:
  - IPv6
  ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
  ports:
  - port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: ClusterIP
status:
  loadBalancer: {}

Context: 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | Create the following Service that explicitly defines PreferDualStack in .spec.ipFamilyPolicy. Kubernetes will assign both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses (as this cluster has dual-stack enabled) and select th


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
  name: my-service
spec:
  clusterIP: 2001:db8:fd00::5118
  clusterIPs:
  - 2001:db8:fd00::5118
  ipFamilies:
  - IPv6
  ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
  ports:
  - port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: ClusterIP
status:
  loadBalancer: {}

Response: This yaml code 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | Create the following Service that explicitly defines PreferDualStack in .spec.ipFamilyPolicy. Kubernetes will assign both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses (as this cluster has dual-stack enabled) and select th


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp

Response:
spec:
  ipFamilyPolicy: PreferDualStack
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80

Context: 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | The kubectl get svc command will only show the primary IP in the CLUSTER-IP field.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
spec:
  ipFamilyPolicy: PreferDualStack
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80

Response: This yaml code 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | The kubectl get svc command will only show the primary IP in the CLUSTER-IP field.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
my-service   ClusterIP   10.0.216.242   <none>        80/TCP    5s

Response: This text code 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | Validate that the Service gets cluster IPs from the IPv4 and IPv6 address blocks using kubectl describe. You may then validate access to the service via the IPs and ports.

Context: 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | Validate that the Service gets cluster IPs from the IPv4 and IPv6 address blocks using kubectl describe. You may then validate access to the service via the IPs and ports.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl describe svc -l app.kubernetes.io/name=MyApp

Response: This shell code 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | If the cloud provider supports the provisioning of IPv6 enabled external load balancers, create the following Service with PreferDualStack in .spec.ipFamilyPolicy, IPv6 as the first element of the .sp

Context: 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | If the cloud provider supports the provisioning of IPv6 enabled external load balancers, create the following Service with PreferDualStack in .spec.ipFamilyPolicy, IPv6 as the first element of the .sp


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Name:              my-service
Namespace:         default
Labels:            app.kubernetes.io/name=MyApp
Annotations:       <none>
Selector:          app.kubernetes.io/name=MyApp
Type:              ClusterIP
IP Family Policy:  PreferDualStack

Response:
IP Families:       IPv4,IPv6
IP:                10.0.216.242
IPs:               10.0.216.242,2001:db8:fd00::af55
Port:              <unset>  80/TCP
TargetPort:        9376/TCP
Endpoints:         <none>
Session Affinity:  None
Events:            <none>


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Name:              my-service
Namespace:         default
Labels:            app.kubernetes.io/name=MyApp
Annotations:       <none>
Selector:          app.kubernetes.io/name=MyApp
Type:              ClusterIP
IP Family Policy:  PreferDualStack
IP Families:       IPv4,IPv6
IP:                10.0.216.242
IPs:               10.0.216.242,2001:db8:fd00::af55
Port:              <unset>  80/TCP
TargetPort:        9376/TCP
Endpoints:         <none>
Session Affinity:  None
Events:            <none>

Response: This text code 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | If the cloud provider supports the provisioning of IPv6 enabled external load balancers, create the following Service with PreferDualStack in .spec.ipFamilyPolicy, IPv6 as the first element of the .sp


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

service/networking/dual-stack-prefer-ipv6-lb-svc.yaml

Response: This text code 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | Check the Service:

Context: 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | Check the Service:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
spec:
  ipFamilyPolicy: PreferDualStack

Response:
  ipFamilies:
  - IPv6
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-service
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
spec:
  ipFamilyPolicy: PreferDualStack
  ipFamilies:
  - IPv6
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: MyApp
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80

Response: This yaml code 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | Check the Service:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME         TYPE           CLUSTER-IP            EXTERNAL-IP        PORT(S)        AGE
my-service   LoadBalancer   2001:db8:fd00::7ebc   2603:1030:805::5   80:30790/TCP   35s

Response: This text code 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | This guide demonstrates how to install and write extensions for kubectl. By thinking of core kubectl commands as essential building blocks for interacting with a Kubernetes cluster, a cluster administ

Context: 14.4 - Validate IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack | This guide demonstrates how to install and write extensions for kubectl. By thinking of core kubectl commands as essential building blocks for interacting with a Kubernetes cluster, a cluster administ


Prompt:
Complete this bash code:

#!/bin/bash

# optional argument handling
if [[ "$1" == "version" ]]
then
    echo "1.0.0"
    exit 0
fi

Response:
# optional argument handling
if [[ "$1" == "config" ]]
then
    echo "$KUBECONFIG"
    exit 0
fi

echo "I am a plugin named kubectl-foo"

Context: 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | To use a plugin, make the plugin executable:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

#!/bin/bash

# optional argument handling
if [[ "$1" == "version" ]]
then
    echo "1.0.0"
    exit 0
fi

# optional argument handling
if [[ "$1" == "config" ]]
then
    echo "$KUBECONFIG"
    exit 0
fi

echo "I am a plugin named kubectl-foo"

Response: This bash code 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | To use a plugin, make the plugin executable:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

export KUBECONFIG=~/.kube/config
kubectl foo config

Response: This bash code 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | Additionally, the first argument that is passed to a plugin will always be the full path to the location where it was invoked ($0 would equal /usr/local/bin/kubectl-foo in the example above).

Context: 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | Additionally, the first argument that is passed to a plugin will always be the full path to the location where it was invoked ($0 would equal /usr/local/bin/kubectl-foo in the example above).


Prompt:
Complete this bash code:

# create a plugin
echo -e '#!/bin/bash\n\necho "My first command-line argument was $1"' > kubectl-foo-bar-baz
sudo chmod +x ./kubectl-foo-bar-baz

Response:
# "install" your plugin by moving it to a directory in your $PATH
sudo mv ./kubectl-foo-bar-baz /usr/local/bin

# check that kubectl recognizes your plugin
kubectl plugin list

Context: 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | As you can see, your plugin was found based on the kubectl command specified by a user, and all extra arguments and flags were passed as-is to the plugin executable once it was found.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

# create a plugin
echo -e '#!/bin/bash\n\necho "My first command-line argument was $1"' > kubectl-foo-bar-baz
sudo chmod +x ./kubectl-foo-bar-baz

# "install" your plugin by moving it to a directory in your $PATH
sudo mv ./kubectl-foo-bar-baz /usr/local/bin

# check that kubectl recognizes your plugin
kubectl plugin list

Response: This bash code 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | As you can see, your plugin was found based on the kubectl command specified by a user, and all extra arguments and flags were passed as-is to the plugin executable once it was found.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

The following kubectl-compatible plugins are available:

/usr/local/bin/kubectl-foo-bar-baz

Response: This text code 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | As you can see, your plugin was found based on the kubectl command specified by a user, and all extra arguments and flags were passed as-is to the plugin executable once it was found.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# test that calling your plugin via a "kubectl" command works
# even when additional arguments and flags are passed to your

Response:
# plugin executable by the user.
kubectl foo bar baz arg1 --meaningless-flag=true


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# test that calling your plugin via a "kubectl" command works
# even when additional arguments and flags are passed to your
# plugin executable by the user.
kubectl foo bar baz arg1 --meaningless-flag=true

Response: This text code 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | As you can see, your plugin was found based on the kubectl command specified by a user, and all extra arguments and flags were passed as-is to the plugin executable once it was found.


Prompt:
Complete this bash code:

# create a plugin containing an underscore in its filename
echo -e '#!/bin/bash\n\necho "I am a plugin with a dash in my name"' > ./kubectl-foo_bar
sudo chmod +x ./kubectl-foo_bar

Response:
# move the plugin into your $PATH
sudo mv ./kubectl-foo_bar /usr/local/bin

# You can now invoke your plugin via kubectl:
kubectl foo-bar

Context: 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | Note that the introduction of underscores to a plugin filename does not prevent you from having commands such as kubectl foo_bar. The command from the above example, can be invoked using either a dash


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

# create a plugin containing an underscore in its filename
echo -e '#!/bin/bash\n\necho "I am a plugin with a dash in my name"' > ./kubectl-foo_bar
sudo chmod +x ./kubectl-foo_bar

# move the plugin into your $PATH
sudo mv ./kubectl-foo_bar /usr/local/bin

# You can now invoke your plugin via kubectl:
kubectl foo-bar

Response: This bash code 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | Note that the introduction of underscores to a plugin filename does not prevent you from having commands such as kubectl foo_bar. The command from the above example, can be invoked using either a dash


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

# You can invoke your custom command with a dash
kubectl foo-bar

Response: This bash code 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | It is possible to have multiple plugins with the same filename in different locations throughout your PATH. For example, given a PATH with the following value: PATH=/usr/local/bin/plugins:/usr/local/b

Context: 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | It is possible to have multiple plugins with the same filename in different locations throughout your PATH. For example, given a PATH with the following value: PATH=/usr/local/bin/plugins:/usr/local/b


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

# You can also invoke your custom command with an underscore
kubectl foo_bar

Response: This bash code 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | It is possible to have multiple plugins with the same filename in different locations throughout your PATH. For example, given a PATH with the following value: PATH=/usr/local/bin/plugins:/usr/local/b


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

PATH=/usr/local/bin/plugins:/usr/local/bin/moreplugins

Response: This text code 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | In the above scenario, the warning under /usr/local/bin/moreplugins/kubectl-foo tells you that this plugin will never be executed. Instead, the executable that appears first in your PATH, /usr/local/b

Context: 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | In the above scenario, the warning under /usr/local/bin/moreplugins/kubectl-foo tells you that this plugin will never be executed. Instead, the executable that appears first in your PATH, /usr/local/b


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

PATH=/usr/local/bin/plugins:/usr/local/bin/moreplugins kubectl plugin list

Response: This bash code 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | In the above scenario, the warning under /usr/local/bin/moreplugins/kubectl-foo tells you that this plugin will never be executed. Instead, the executable that appears first in your PATH, /usr/local/b


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

The following kubectl-compatible plugins are available:

/usr/local/bin/plugins/kubectl-foo

Response:
/usr/local/bin/moreplugins/kubectl-foo
  - warning: /usr/local/bin/moreplugins/kubectl-foo is overshadowed by a similarly named plugin: /usr/local/bin/plugins/kubectl-foo

error: one plugin warning was found


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

The following kubectl-compatible plugins are available:

/usr/local/bin/plugins/kubectl-foo
/usr/local/bin/moreplugins/kubectl-foo
  - warning: /usr/local/bin/moreplugins/kubectl-foo is overshadowed by a similarly named plugin: /usr/local/bin/plugins/kubectl-foo

error: one plugin warning was found

Response: This text code 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | In the above scenario, the warning under /usr/local/bin/moreplugins/kubectl-foo tells you that this plugin will never be executed. Instead, the executable that appears first in your PATH, /usr/local/b


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

# for a given kubectl command, the plugin with the longest possible filename will always be preferred
kubectl foo bar baz

Response: This bash code 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | This design choice ensures that plugin sub-commands can be implemented across multiple files, if needed, and that these sub-commands can be nested under a "parent" plugin command:

Context: 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | This design choice ensures that plugin sub-commands can be implemented across multiple files, if needed, and that these sub-commands can be nested under a "parent" plugin command:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Plugin kubectl-foo-bar-baz is executed, with "buz" as its first argument

Response: This text code 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | This design choice ensures that plugin sub-commands can be implemented across multiple files, if needed, and that these sub-commands can be nested under a "parent" plugin command:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Plugin kubectl-foo-bar is executed, with "buz" as its first argument

Response: This text code 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | This design choice ensures that plugin sub-commands can be implemented across multiple files, if needed, and that these sub-commands can be nested under a "parent" plugin command:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl-parent
kubectl-parent-subcommand
kubectl-parent-subcommand-subsubcommand

Response: This bash code 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | You can use the aforementioned kubectl plugin list command to ensure that your plugin is visible by kubectl, and verify that there are no warnings preventing it from being called as a kubectl command.

Context: 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | You can use the aforementioned kubectl plugin list command to ensure that your plugin is visible by kubectl, and verify that there are no warnings preventing it from being called as a kubectl command.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

The following kubectl-compatible plugins are available:

test/fixtures/pkg/kubectl/plugins/kubectl-foo
/usr/local/bin/kubectl-foo

Response:
  - warning: /usr/local/bin/kubectl-foo is overshadowed by a similarly named plugin: test/fixtures/pkg/kubectl/plugins/kubectl-foo
plugins/kubectl-invalid
  - warning: plugins/kubectl-invalid identified as a kubectl plugin, but it is not executable

error: 2 plugin warnings were found

Context: 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | If you're writing a plugin for kubectl and you're using Go, you can make use of the cli-runtime utility libraries.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

The following kubectl-compatible plugins are available:

test/fixtures/pkg/kubectl/plugins/kubectl-foo
/usr/local/bin/kubectl-foo
  - warning: /usr/local/bin/kubectl-foo is overshadowed by a similarly named plugin: test/fixtures/pkg/kubectl/plugins/kubectl-foo
plugins/kubectl-invalid
  - warning: plugins/kubectl-invalid identified as a kubectl plugin, but it is not executable

error: 2 plugin warnings were found

Response: This text code 15 - Extend kubectl with plugins | If you're writing a plugin for kubectl and you're using Go, you can make use of the cli-runtime utility libraries.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="hugepagesz=1G hugepages=2 hugepagesz=2M hugepages=512"

Response: This text code 16 - Manage HugePages | The nodes will automatically discover and report all huge page resources as schedulable resources.

Context: 16 - Manage HugePages | The nodes will automatically discover and report all huge page resources as schedulable resources.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Capacity:
  cpu:                ...
  ephemeral-storage:  ...
  hugepages-1Gi:      2Gi
  hugepages-2Mi:      1Gi
  memory:             ...
  pods:               ...

Response:
Allocatable:
  cpu:                ...
  ephemeral-storage:  ...
  hugepages-1Gi:      2Gi
  hugepages-2Mi:      1Gi
  memory:             ...
  pods:               ...

Context: 16 - Manage HugePages | Huge pages can be consumed via container level resource requirements using the resource name hugepages-<size>, where <size> is the most compact binary notation using integer values supported on a part


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Capacity:
  cpu:                ...
  ephemeral-storage:  ...
  hugepages-1Gi:      2Gi
  hugepages-2Mi:      1Gi
  memory:             ...
  pods:               ...
Allocatable:
  cpu:                ...
  ephemeral-storage:  ...
  hugepages-1Gi:      2Gi
  hugepages-2Mi:      1Gi
  memory:             ...
  pods:               ...

Response: This text code 16 - Manage HugePages | Huge pages can be consumed via container level resource requirements using the resource name hugepages-<size>, where <size> is the most compact binary notation using integer values supported on a part


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: huge-pages-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: example
    image: fedora:latest
    command:
    - sleep
    - inf
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /hugepages-2Mi
      name: hugepage-2mi
    - mountPath: /hugepages-1Gi

Response:
      name: hugepage-1gi
    resources:
      limits:
        hugepages-2Mi: 100Mi
        hugepages-1Gi: 2Gi
        memory: 100Mi
      requests:
        memory: 100Mi
  volumes:
  - name: hugepage-2mi
    emptyDir:
      medium: HugePages-2Mi
  - name: hugepage-1gi
    emptyDir:
      medium: HugePages-1Gi

Context: 16 - Manage HugePages | A pod may use medium: HugePages only if it requests huge pages of one size.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: huge-pages-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: example
    image: fedora:latest
    command:
    - sleep
    - inf
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /hugepages-2Mi
      name: hugepage-2mi
    - mountPath: /hugepages-1Gi
      name: hugepage-1gi
    resources:
      limits:
        hugepages-2Mi: 100Mi
        hugepages-1Gi: 2Gi
        memory: 100Mi
      requests:
        memory: 100Mi
  volumes:
  - name: hugepage-2mi
    emptyDir:
      medium: HugePages-2Mi
  - name: hugepage-1gi
    emptyDir:
      medium: HugePages-1Gi

Response: This yaml code 16 - Manage HugePages | A pod may use medium: HugePages only if it requests huge pages of one size.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: huge-pages-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: example
    image: fedora:latest
    command:
    - sleep
    - inf
    volumeMounts:

Response:
    - mountPath: /hugepages
      name: hugepage
    resources:
      limits:
        hugepages-2Mi: 100Mi
        memory: 100Mi
      requests:
        memory: 100Mi
  volumes:
  - name: hugepage
    emptyDir:
      medium: HugePages

Context: 16 - Manage HugePages | Kubernetes includes stable support for managing AMD and NVIDIA GPUs (graphical processing units) across different nodes in your cluster, using device plugins.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: huge-pages-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: example
    image: fedora:latest
    command:
    - sleep
    - inf
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /hugepages
      name: hugepage
    resources:
      limits:
        hugepages-2Mi: 100Mi
        memory: 100Mi
      requests:
        memory: 100Mi
  volumes:
  - name: hugepage
    emptyDir:
      medium: HugePages

Response: This yaml code 16 - Manage HugePages | Kubernetes includes stable support for managing AMD and NVIDIA GPUs (graphical processing units) across different nodes in your cluster, using device plugins.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: example-vector-add
spec:
  restartPolicy: OnFailure

Response:
  containers:
    - name: example-vector-add
      image: "registry.example/example-vector-add:v42"
      resources:
        limits:
          gpu-vendor.example/example-gpu: 1 # requesting 1 GPU

Context: 17 - Schedule GPUs | If different nodes in your cluster have different types of GPUs, then you can use Node Labels and Node Selectors to schedule pods to appropriate nodes.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: example-vector-add
spec:
  restartPolicy: OnFailure
  containers:
    - name: example-vector-add
      image: "registry.example/example-vector-add:v42"
      resources:
        limits:
          gpu-vendor.example/example-gpu: 1 # requesting 1 GPU

Response: This yaml code 17 - Schedule GPUs | If different nodes in your cluster have different types of GPUs, then you can use Node Labels and Node Selectors to schedule pods to appropriate nodes.


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

# Label your nodes with the accelerator type they have.
kubectl label nodes node1 accelerator=example-gpu-x100
kubectl label nodes node2 accelerator=other-gpu-k915

Response: This shell code 17 - Schedule GPUs | That label key accelerator is just an example; you can use a different label key if you prefer.

Context: 17 - Schedule GPUs | That label key accelerator is just an example; you can use a different label key if you prefer.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: example-vector-add
spec:
  restartPolicy: OnFailure
  # You can use Kubernetes node affinity to schedule this Pod onto a node
  # that provides the kind of GPU that its container needs in order to work
  affinity:
    nodeAffinity:
      requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
        nodeSelectorTerms:

Response:
        - matchExpressions:
          - key: "gpu.gpu-vendor.example/installed-memory"
            operator: Gt # (greater than)
            values: ["40535"]
          - key: "feature.node.kubernetes.io/pci-10.present" # NFD Feature label
            values: ["true"] # (optional) only schedule on nodes with PCI device 10
  containers:
    - name: example-vector-add
      image: "registry.example/example-vector-add:v42"
      resources:
        limits:
          gpu-vendor.example/example-gpu: 1 # requesting 1 GPU

Context: 17 - Schedule GPUs | © 2025 The Kubernetes Authors | Documentation Distributed under CC BY 4.0


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: example-vector-add
spec:
  restartPolicy: OnFailure
  # You can use Kubernetes node affinity to schedule this Pod onto a node
  # that provides the kind of GPU that its container needs in order to work
  affinity:
    nodeAffinity:
      requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
        nodeSelectorTerms:
        - matchExpressions:
          - key: "gpu.gpu-vendor.example/installed-memory"
            operator: Gt # (greater than)
            values: ["40535"]
          - key: "feature.node.kubernetes.io/pci-10.present" # NFD Feature label
            values: ["true"] # (optional) only schedule on nodes with PCI device 10
  containers:
    - name: example-vector-add
      image: "registry.example/example-vector-add:v42"
      resources:
        limits:
          gpu-vendor.example/example-gpu: 1 # requesting 1 GPU

Response: This yaml code 17 - Schedule GPUs | © 2025 The Kubernetes Authors | Documentation Distributed under CC BY 4.0


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/arm64/kubectl"

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/arm64/kubectl"


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/arm64/kubectl"

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | To download a specific version, replace the $(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt) portion of the command with the specific version.

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | To download a specific version, replace the $(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt) portion of the command with the specific version.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl -LO https://dl.k8s.io/release/v1.34.0/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | And for Linux ARM64, type:

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | And for Linux ARM64, type:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl -LO https://dl.k8s.io/release/v1.34.0/bin/linux/arm64/kubectl

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Validate the binary (optional)

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Validate the binary (optional)


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl.sha256"

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/arm64/kubectl.sha256"

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/arm64/kubectl.sha256"


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/arm64/kubectl.sha256"

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Validate the kubectl binary against the checksum file:

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Validate the kubectl binary against the checksum file:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

echo "$(cat kubectl.sha256)  kubectl" | sha256sum --check

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | If valid, the output is:

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | If valid, the output is:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl: FAILED
sha256sum: WARNING: 1 computed checksum did NOT match

Response: This bash code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Install kubectl

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Install kubectl


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

sudo install -o root -g root -m 0755 kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | If you do not have root access on the target system, you can still install kubectl to the ~/.local/bin directory:

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | If you do not have root access on the target system, you can still install kubectl to the ~/.local/bin directory:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

chmod +x kubectl
mkdir -p ~/.local/bin

Response:
mv ./kubectl ~/.local/bin/kubectl
# and then append (or prepend) ~/.local/bin to $PATH

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

chmod +x kubectl
mkdir -p ~/.local/bin
mv ./kubectl ~/.local/bin/kubectl
# and then append (or prepend) ~/.local/bin to $PATH

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

sudo apt-get update
# apt-transport-https may be a dummy package; if so, you can skip that package
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Download the public signing key for the Kubernetes package repositories. The same signing key is used for all repositories so you can disregard the version in the URL:

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Download the public signing key for the Kubernetes package repositories. The same signing key is used for all repositories so you can disregard the version in the URL:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# If the folder `/etc/apt/keyrings` does not exist, it should be created before the curl command, read the note below.
# sudo mkdir -p -m 755 /etc/apt/keyrings

Response:
curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/deb/Release.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg
sudo chmod 644 /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg # allow unprivileged APT programs to read this keyring

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Add the appropriate Kubernetes apt repository. If you want to use Kubernetes version different than v1.34, replace v1.34 with the desired minor version in the command below:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# If the folder `/etc/apt/keyrings` does not exist, it should be created before the curl command, read the note below.
# sudo mkdir -p -m 755 /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/deb/Release.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg
sudo chmod 644 /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg # allow unprivileged APT programs to read this keyring

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Add the appropriate Kubernetes apt repository. If you want to use Kubernetes version different than v1.34, replace v1.34 with the desired minor version in the command below:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# This overwrites any existing configuration in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/deb/ /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
sudo chmod 644 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list   # helps tools such as command-not-found to work correctly

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Update apt package index, then install kubectl:

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Update apt package index, then install kubectl:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y kubectl

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Add the Kubernetes yum repository. If you want to use Kubernetes version different than v1.34, replace v1.34 with the desired minor version in the command below.# This overwrites any existing configur

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Add the Kubernetes yum repository. If you want to use Kubernetes version different than v1.34, replace v1.34 with the desired minor version in the command below.# This overwrites any existing configur


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# This overwrites any existing configuration in /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes

Response:
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
EOF

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Install kubectl using yum:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# This overwrites any existing configuration in /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
EOF

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Install kubectl using yum:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# This overwrites any existing configuration in /etc/zypp/repos.d/kubernetes.repo
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/zypp/repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes

Response:
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
EOF

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Update zypper and confirm the new repo addition:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# This overwrites any existing configuration in /etc/zypp/repos.d/kubernetes.repo
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/zypp/repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/rpm/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.34/rpm/repodata/repomd.xml.key
EOF

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Update zypper and confirm the new repo addition:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

snap install kubectl --classic
kubectl version --client

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | If you are on Linux and using Homebrew package manager, kubectl is available for installation.brew install kubectl kubectl version --client

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | If you are on Linux and using Homebrew package manager, kubectl is available for installation.brew install kubectl kubectl version --client


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

echo 'source <(kubectl completion bash)' >>~/.bashrc

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | kubectl completion bash | sudo tee /etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl > /dev/null sudo chmod a+r /etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | kubectl completion bash | sudo tee /etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl > /dev/null sudo chmod a+r /etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl completion bash | sudo tee /etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl > /dev/null
sudo chmod a+r /etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl

Response: This bash code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | If you have an alias for kubectl, you can extend shell completion to work with that alias:

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | If you have an alias for kubectl, you can extend shell completion to work with that alias:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

echo 'alias k=kubectl' >>~/.bashrc
echo 'complete -o default -F __start_kubectl k' >>~/.bashrc

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Both approaches are equivalent. After reloading your shell, kubectl autocompletion should be working. To enable bash autocompletion in current session of shell, source the ~/.bashrc file:

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Both approaches are equivalent. After reloading your shell, kubectl autocompletion should be working. To enable bash autocompletion in current session of shell, source the ~/.bashrc file:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl-convert"

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/arm64/kubectl-convert"

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/arm64/kubectl-convert"


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/arm64/kubectl-convert"

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Validate the binary (optional)

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Validate the binary (optional)


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl-convert.sha256"

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/arm64/kubectl-convert.sha256"

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/arm64/kubectl-convert.sha256"


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/arm64/kubectl-convert.sha256"

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Validate the kubectl-convert binary against the checksum file:

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Validate the kubectl-convert binary against the checksum file:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

echo "$(cat kubectl-convert.sha256) kubectl-convert" | sha256sum --check

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | If valid, the output is:

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | If valid, the output is:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl-convert: FAILED
sha256sum: WARNING: 1 computed checksum did NOT match

Response: This bash code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Install kubectl-convert

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Install kubectl-convert


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

sudo install -o root -g root -m 0755 kubectl-convert /usr/local/bin/kubectl-convert

Response: This text code 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Verify plugin is successfully installed

Context: 1.1 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux | Verify plugin is successfully installed


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl"

Response: This text code 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/arm64/kubectl"

Context: 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/arm64/kubectl"


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/arm64/kubectl"

Response: This text code 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | To download a specific version, replace the $(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt) portion of the command with the specific version.

Context: 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | To download a specific version, replace the $(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt) portion of the command with the specific version.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/v1.34.0/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl"

Response: This text code 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | And for macOS on Apple Silicon, type:

Context: 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | And for macOS on Apple Silicon, type:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/v1.34.0/bin/darwin/arm64/kubectl"

Response: This text code 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | Validate the binary (optional)

Context: 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | Validate the binary (optional)


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl.sha256"

Response: This text code 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/arm64/kubectl.sha256"

Context: 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/arm64/kubectl.sha256"


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/arm64/kubectl.sha256"

Response: This text code 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | Validate the kubectl binary against the checksum file:

Context: 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | Validate the kubectl binary against the checksum file:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

echo "$(cat kubectl.sha256)  kubectl" | shasum -a 256 --check

Response: This text code 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | If valid, the output is:

Context: 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | If valid, the output is:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl: FAILED
shasum: WARNING: 1 computed checksum did NOT match

Response: This bash code 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | Make the kubectl binary executable.

Context: 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | Make the kubectl binary executable.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

sudo mv ./kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl
sudo chown root: /usr/local/bin/kubectl

Response: This text code 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:

Context: 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

brew_etc="$(brew --prefix)/etc" && [[ -r "${brew_etc}/profile.d/bash_completion.sh" ]] && . "${brew_etc}/profile.d/bash_completion.sh"

Response: This text code 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | Reload your shell and verify that bash-completion v2 is correctly installed with type _init_completion.

Context: 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | Reload your shell and verify that bash-completion v2 is correctly installed with type _init_completion.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

echo 'source <(kubectl completion bash)' >>~/.bash_profile

Response: This text code 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | Add the completion script to the /usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d directory:

Context: 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | Add the completion script to the /usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d directory:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl completion bash >/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl

Response: This bash code 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | If you have an alias for kubectl, you can extend shell completion to work with that alias:

Context: 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | If you have an alias for kubectl, you can extend shell completion to work with that alias:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

echo 'alias k=kubectl' >>~/.bash_profile
echo 'complete -o default -F __start_kubectl k' >>~/.bash_profile

Response: This text code 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | If you installed kubectl with Homebrew (as explained here), then the kubectl completion script should already be in /usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl. In that case, you don't need to do anythin

Context: 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | If you installed kubectl with Homebrew (as explained here), then the kubectl completion script should already be in /usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl. In that case, you don't need to do anythin


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl-convert"

Response: This text code 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/arm64/kubectl-convert"

Context: 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/arm64/kubectl-convert"


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/arm64/kubectl-convert"

Response: This text code 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | Validate the binary (optional)


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl-convert.sha256"

Response: This text code 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/arm64/kubectl-convert.sha256"

Context: 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/arm64/kubectl-convert.sha256"


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/darwin/arm64/kubectl-convert.sha256"

Response: This text code 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | Validate the kubectl-convert binary against the checksum file:

Context: 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | Validate the kubectl-convert binary against the checksum file:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

echo "$(cat kubectl-convert.sha256)  kubectl-convert" | shasum -a 256 --check

Response: This text code 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | If valid, the output is:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl-convert: FAILED
shasum: WARNING: 1 computed checksum did NOT match

Response: This bash code 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | Make kubectl-convert binary executable

Context: 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | Make kubectl-convert binary executable


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

sudo mv ./kubectl-convert /usr/local/bin/kubectl-convert
sudo chown root: /usr/local/bin/kubectl-convert

Response: This text code 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | Verify plugin is successfully installed

Context: 1.2 - Install and Set Up kubectl on macOS | Verify plugin is successfully installed


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl.exe -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/v1.34.0/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe"

Response: This text code 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | Validate the binary (optional)

Context: 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | Validate the binary (optional)


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl.exe -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/v1.34.0/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe.sha256"

Response: This text code 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | Validate the kubectl binary against the checksum file:

Context: 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | Validate the kubectl binary against the checksum file:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

CertUtil -hashfile kubectl.exe SHA256
type kubectl.exe.sha256

Response: This text code 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | Using PowerShell to automate the verification using the -eq operator to get a True or False result:

Context: 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | Using PowerShell to automate the verification using the -eq operator to get a True or False result:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

$(Get-FileHash -Algorithm SHA256 .\kubectl.exe).Hash -eq $(Get-Content .\kubectl.exe.sha256)

Response: This text code 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | Append or prepend the kubectl binary folder to your PATH environment variable.

Context: 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | Append or prepend the kubectl binary folder to your PATH environment variable.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# If you're using cmd.exe, run: cd %USERPROFILE%
cd ~

Response: This text code 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | Create the .kube directory:

Context: 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | Create the .kube directory:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl completion powershell | Out-String | Invoke-Expression

Response: This bash code 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | This command will regenerate the auto-completion script on every PowerShell start up. You can also add the generated script directly to your $PROFILE file.

Context: 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | This command will regenerate the auto-completion script on every PowerShell start up. You can also add the generated script directly to your $PROFILE file.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl.exe -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/v1.34.0/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl-convert.exe"

Response: This text code 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | Validate the binary (optional).

Context: 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | Validate the binary (optional).


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl.exe -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/v1.34.0/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl-convert.exe.sha256"

Response: This text code 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | Validate the kubectl-convert binary against the checksum file:

Context: 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | Validate the kubectl-convert binary against the checksum file:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

CertUtil -hashfile kubectl-convert.exe SHA256
type kubectl-convert.exe.sha256

Response: This text code 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | Using PowerShell to automate the verification using the -eq operator to get a True or False result:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

$($(CertUtil -hashfile .\kubectl-convert.exe SHA256)[1] -replace " ", "") -eq $(type .\kubectl-convert.exe.sha256)

Response: This text code 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | Append or prepend the kubectl-convert binary folder to your PATH environment variable.

Context: 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | Append or prepend the kubectl-convert binary folder to your PATH environment variable.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

del kubectl-convert.exe
del kubectl-convert.exe.sha256

Response: This text code 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | If you don't yet have a cluster, visit bootstrapping clusters with kubeadm.

Context: 1.3 - Install and Set Up kubectl on Windows | If you don't yet have a cluster, visit bootstrapping clusters with kubeadm.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

sudo kubeadm join --token <token> <control-plane-host>:<control-plane-port> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:<hash>

Response: This text code 2.1.1 - Adding Linux worker nodes | If you do not have the token, you can get it by running the following command on the control plane node:

Context: 2.1.1 - Adding Linux worker nodes | If you do not have the token, you can get it by running the following command on the control plane node:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Run this on a control plane node
sudo kubeadm token list

Response: This text code 2.1.1 - Adding Linux worker nodes | The output is similar to this:

Context: 2.1.1 - Adding Linux worker nodes | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

TOKEN                    TTL  EXPIRES              USAGES           DESCRIPTION            EXTRA GROUPS
8ewj1p.9r9hcjoqgajrj4gi  23h  2018-06-12T02:51:28Z authentication,  The default bootstrap  system:

Response:
                                                   signing          token generated by     bootstrappers:
                                                                    'kubeadm init'.        kubeadm:
                                                                                default-node-token

Context: 2.1.1 - Adding Linux worker nodes | By default, node join tokens expire after 24 hours. If you are joining a node to the cluster after the current token has expired, you can create a new token by running the following command on the con


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

TOKEN                    TTL  EXPIRES              USAGES           DESCRIPTION            EXTRA GROUPS
8ewj1p.9r9hcjoqgajrj4gi  23h  2018-06-12T02:51:28Z authentication,  The default bootstrap  system:
                                                   signing          token generated by     bootstrappers:
                                                                    'kubeadm init'.        kubeadm:
                                                                                default-node-token

Response: This text code 2.1.1 - Adding Linux worker nodes | By default, node join tokens expire after 24 hours. If you are joining a node to the cluster after the current token has expired, you can create a new token by running the following command on the con


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Run this on a control plane node
sudo kubeadm token create

Response: This text code 2.1.1 - Adding Linux worker nodes | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Run this on a control plane node
sudo cat /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl x509 -pubkey  | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | \
   openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'

Response: This text code 2.1.1 - Adding Linux worker nodes | The output is similar to:

Context: 2.1.1 - Adding Linux worker nodes | The output is similar to:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

8cb2de97839780a412b93877f8507ad6c94f73add17d5d7058e91741c9d5ec78

Response: This text code 2.1.1 - Adding Linux worker nodes | The output of the kubeadm join command should look something like:

Context: 2.1.1 - Adding Linux worker nodes | The output of the kubeadm join command should look something like:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl.exe -LO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes-sigs/sig-windows-tools/master/hostprocess/Install-Containerd.ps1

Response: This text code 2.1.2 - Adding Windows worker nodes | Then run the following command, but first replace CONTAINERD_VERSION with a recent release from the containerd repository. The version must not have a v prefix. For example, use 1.7.22 instead of v1.7

Context: 2.1.2 - Adding Windows worker nodes | Then run the following command, but first replace CONTAINERD_VERSION with a recent release from the containerd repository. The version must not have a v prefix. For example, use 1.7.22 instead of v1.7


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

.\Install-Containerd.ps1 -ContainerDVersion CONTAINERD_VERSION

Response: This text code 2.1.2 - Adding Windows worker nodes | Run the following commands to install kubeadm and the kubelet:

Context: 2.1.2 - Adding Windows worker nodes | Run the following commands to install kubeadm and the kubelet:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

curl.exe -LO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes-sigs/sig-windows-tools/master/hostprocess/PrepareNode.ps1
.\PrepareNode.ps1 -KubernetesVersion v1.34

Response: This text code 2.1.2 - Adding Windows worker nodes | Run the command that was output by kubeadm init. For example:

Context: 2.1.2 - Adding Windows worker nodes | Run the command that was output by kubeadm init. For example:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

kubeadm join --token <token> <control-plane-host>:<control-plane-port> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:<hash>

Response: This text code 2.1.2 - Adding Windows worker nodes | If you do not have the token, you can get it by running the following command on the control plane node:

Context: 2.1.2 - Adding Windows worker nodes | If you do not have the token, you can get it by running the following command on the control plane node:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Run this on a control plane node
sudo kubeadm token list

Response: This text code 2.1.2 - Adding Windows worker nodes | The output is similar to this:

Context: 2.1.2 - Adding Windows worker nodes | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

TOKEN                    TTL  EXPIRES              USAGES           DESCRIPTION            EXTRA GROUPS
8ewj1p.9r9hcjoqgajrj4gi  23h  2018-06-12T02:51:28Z authentication,  The default bootstrap  system:

Response:
                                                   signing          token generated by     bootstrappers:
                                                                    'kubeadm init'.        kubeadm:
                                                                                default-node-token

Context: 2.1.2 - Adding Windows worker nodes | By default, node join tokens expire after 24 hours. If you are joining a node to the cluster after the current token has expired, you can create a new token by running the following command on the con


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

TOKEN                    TTL  EXPIRES              USAGES           DESCRIPTION            EXTRA GROUPS
8ewj1p.9r9hcjoqgajrj4gi  23h  2018-06-12T02:51:28Z authentication,  The default bootstrap  system:
                                                   signing          token generated by     bootstrappers:
                                                                    'kubeadm init'.        kubeadm:
                                                                                default-node-token

Response: This text code 2.1.2 - Adding Windows worker nodes | By default, node join tokens expire after 24 hours. If you are joining a node to the cluster after the current token has expired, you can create a new token by running the following command on the con


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Run this on a control plane node
sudo kubeadm token create

Response: This text code 2.1.2 - Adding Windows worker nodes | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

sudo cat /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl x509 -pubkey  | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | \
   openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'

Response: This text code 2.1.2 - Adding Windows worker nodes | The output is similar to:

Context: 2.1.2 - Adding Windows worker nodes | The output is similar to:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

8cb2de97839780a412b93877f8507ad6c94f73add17d5d7058e91741c9d5ec78

Response: This text code 2.1.2 - Adding Windows worker nodes | The output of the kubeadm join command should look something like:

Context: 2.1.2 - Adding Windows worker nodes | The output of the kubeadm join command should look something like:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

killall -s SIGTERM kube-apiserver # trigger a graceful kube-apiserver shutdown
sleep 20 # wait a little bit to permit completing in-flight requests
kubeadm upgrade ... # execute a kubeadm upgrade command

Response: This text code 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | If you're using the community-owned package repositories (pkgs.k8s.io), you need to enable the package repository for the desired Kubernetes minor release. This is explained in Changing the Kubernetes

Context: 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | If you're using the community-owned package repositories (pkgs.k8s.io), you need to enable the package repository for the desired Kubernetes minor release. This is explained in Changing the Kubernetes


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# Find the latest 1.34 version in the list.
# It should look like 1.34.x-*, where x is the latest patch.

Response:
sudo apt update
sudo apt-cache madison kubeadm

Context: 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | For systems with DNF:# Find the latest 1.34 version in the list. # It should look like 1.34.x-*, where x is the latest patch. sudo yum list --showduplicates kubeadm --disableexcludes=kubernetes For sy


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Find the latest 1.34 version in the list.
# It should look like 1.34.x-*, where x is the latest patch.
sudo apt update
sudo apt-cache madison kubeadm

Response: This text code 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | For systems with DNF:# Find the latest 1.34 version in the list. # It should look like 1.34.x-*, where x is the latest patch. sudo yum list --showduplicates kubeadm --disableexcludes=kubernetes For sy


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Find the latest 1.34 version in the list.
# It should look like 1.34.x-*, where x is the latest patch.
sudo yum list --showduplicates kubeadm --disableexcludes=kubernetes

Response: This text code 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | For systems with DNF5:

Context: 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | For systems with DNF5:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Find the latest 1.34 version in the list.
# It should look like 1.34.x-*, where x is the latest patch.
sudo yum list --showduplicates kubeadm --setopt=disable_excludes=kubernetes

Response: This text code 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | If you don't see the version you expect to upgrade to, verify if the Kubernetes package repositories are used.

Context: 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | If you don't see the version you expect to upgrade to, verify if the Kubernetes package repositories are used.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version
sudo apt-mark unhold kubeadm && \

Response:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y kubeadm='1.34.x-*' && \
sudo apt-mark hold kubeadm

Context: 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | For systems with DNF:# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version sudo yum install -y kubeadm-'1.34.x-*' --disableexcludes=kubernetes For systems with DNF5:# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the la


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version
sudo apt-mark unhold kubeadm && \
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y kubeadm='1.34.x-*' && \
sudo apt-mark hold kubeadm

Response: This text code 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | For systems with DNF:# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version sudo yum install -y kubeadm-'1.34.x-*' --disableexcludes=kubernetes For systems with DNF5:# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the la


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version
sudo yum install -y kubeadm-'1.34.x-*' --disableexcludes=kubernetes

Response: This text code 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | For systems with DNF5:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version
sudo yum install -y kubeadm-'1.34.x-*' --setopt=disable_excludes=kubernetes

Response: This text code 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | Verify that the download works and has the expected version:

Context: 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | Verify that the download works and has the expected version:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# replace x with the patch version you picked for this upgrade
sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.34.x

Response: This text code 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | Once the command finishes you should see:

Context: 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | Once the command finishes you should see:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# replace <node-to-drain> with the name of your node you are draining
kubectl drain <node-to-drain> --ignore-daemonsets

Response: This text code 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | Upgrade the kubelet and kubectl:

Context: 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | Upgrade the kubelet and kubectl:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version
sudo apt-mark unhold kubelet kubectl && \

Response:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y kubelet='1.34.x-*' kubectl='1.34.x-*' && \
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubectl

Context: 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | For systems with DNF:# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version sudo yum install -y kubelet-'1.34.x-*' kubectl-'1.34.x-*' --disableexcludes=kubernetes For systems with DNF5:# replace x in 1


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version
sudo apt-mark unhold kubelet kubectl && \
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y kubelet='1.34.x-*' kubectl='1.34.x-*' && \
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubectl

Response: This text code 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | For systems with DNF:# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version sudo yum install -y kubelet-'1.34.x-*' kubectl-'1.34.x-*' --disableexcludes=kubernetes For systems with DNF5:# replace x in 1


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version
sudo yum install -y kubelet-'1.34.x-*' kubectl-'1.34.x-*' --disableexcludes=kubernetes

Response: This text code 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | For systems with DNF5:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version
sudo yum install -y kubelet-'1.34.x-*' kubectl-'1.34.x-*' --setopt=disable_excludes=kubernetes

Response: This text code 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | Restart the kubelet:

Context: 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | Restart the kubelet:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart kubelet

Response: This text code 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | Bring the node back online by marking it schedulable:

Context: 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | Bring the node back online by marking it schedulable:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# replace <node-to-uncordon> with the name of your node
kubectl uncordon <node-to-uncordon>

Response: This text code 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | The upgrade procedure on worker nodes should be executed one node at a time or few nodes at a time, without compromising the minimum required capacity for running your workloads.

Context: 2.1.3 - Upgrading kubeadm clusters | The upgrade procedure on worker nodes should be executed one node at a time or few nodes at a time, without compromising the minimum required capacity for running your workloads.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version
sudo apt-mark unhold kubeadm && \

Response:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y kubeadm='1.34.x-*' && \
sudo apt-mark hold kubeadm

Context: 2.1.4 - Upgrading Linux nodes | For systems with DNF:# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version sudo yum install -y kubeadm-'1.34.x-*' --disableexcludes=kubernetes For systems with DNF5:# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the la


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version
sudo apt-mark unhold kubeadm && \
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y kubeadm='1.34.x-*' && \
sudo apt-mark hold kubeadm

Response: This text code 2.1.4 - Upgrading Linux nodes | For systems with DNF:# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version sudo yum install -y kubeadm-'1.34.x-*' --disableexcludes=kubernetes For systems with DNF5:# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the la


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version
sudo yum install -y kubeadm-'1.34.x-*' --disableexcludes=kubernetes

Response: This text code 2.1.4 - Upgrading Linux nodes | For systems with DNF5:

Context: 2.1.4 - Upgrading Linux nodes | For systems with DNF5:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version
sudo yum install -y kubeadm-'1.34.x-*' --setopt=disable_excludes=kubernetes

Response: This text code 2.1.4 - Upgrading Linux nodes | For worker nodes this upgrades the local kubelet configuration:

Context: 2.1.4 - Upgrading Linux nodes | For worker nodes this upgrades the local kubelet configuration:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# execute this command on a control plane node
# replace <node-to-drain> with the name of your node you are draining
kubectl drain <node-to-drain> --ignore-daemonsets

Response: This text code 2.1.4 - Upgrading Linux nodes | Upgrade the kubelet and kubectl:

Context: 2.1.4 - Upgrading Linux nodes | Upgrade the kubelet and kubectl:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version
sudo apt-mark unhold kubelet kubectl && \

Response:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y kubelet='1.34.x-*' kubectl='1.34.x-*' && \
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubectl

Context: 2.1.4 - Upgrading Linux nodes | For systems with DNF:# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version sudo yum install -y kubelet-'1.34.x-*' kubectl-'1.34.x-*' --disableexcludes=kubernetes For systems with DNF5:# replace x in 1


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version
sudo apt-mark unhold kubelet kubectl && \
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y kubelet='1.34.x-*' kubectl='1.34.x-*' && \
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubectl

Response: This text code 2.1.4 - Upgrading Linux nodes | For systems with DNF:# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version sudo yum install -y kubelet-'1.34.x-*' kubectl-'1.34.x-*' --disableexcludes=kubernetes For systems with DNF5:# replace x in 1


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version
sudo yum install -y kubelet-'1.34.x-*' kubectl-'1.34.x-*' --disableexcludes=kubernetes

Response: This text code 2.1.4 - Upgrading Linux nodes | For systems with DNF5:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# replace x in 1.34.x-* with the latest patch version
sudo yum install -y kubelet-'1.34.x-*' kubectl-'1.34.x-*' --setopt=disable_excludes=kubernetes

Response: This text code 2.1.4 - Upgrading Linux nodes | Restart the kubelet:

Context: 2.1.4 - Upgrading Linux nodes | Restart the kubelet:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart kubelet

Response: This text code 2.1.4 - Upgrading Linux nodes | Bring the node back online by marking it schedulable:

Context: 2.1.4 - Upgrading Linux nodes | Bring the node back online by marking it schedulable:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# execute this command on a control plane node
# replace <node-to-uncordon> with the name of your node
kubectl uncordon <node-to-uncordon>

Response: This text code 2.1.4 - Upgrading Linux nodes | This page explains how to upgrade a Windows node created with kubeadm.

Context: 2.1.4 - Upgrading Linux nodes | This page explains how to upgrade a Windows node created with kubeadm.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# replace 1.34.0 with your desired version
curl.exe -Lo <path-to-kubeadm.exe>  "https://dl.k8s.io/v1.34.0/bin/windows/amd64/kubeadm.exe"

Response: This text code 2.1.5 - Upgrading Windows nodes | From a machine with access to the Kubernetes API, prepare the node for maintenance by marking it unschedulable and evicting the workloads:

Context: 2.1.5 - Upgrading Windows nodes | From a machine with access to the Kubernetes API, prepare the node for maintenance by marking it unschedulable and evicting the workloads:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# replace <node-to-drain> with the name of your node you are draining
kubectl drain <node-to-drain> --ignore-daemonsets

Response: This text code 2.1.5 - Upgrading Windows nodes | You should see output similar to this:

Context: 2.1.5 - Upgrading Windows nodes | You should see output similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

stop-service kubelet
curl.exe -Lo <path-to-kubelet.exe> "https://dl.k8s.io/v1.34.0/bin/windows/amd64/kubelet.exe"
restart-service kubelet

Response: This text code 2.1.5 - Upgrading Windows nodes | From the Windows node, upgrade and restart the kube-proxy.

Context: 2.1.5 - Upgrading Windows nodes | From the Windows node, upgrade and restart the kube-proxy.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

stop-service kube-proxy
curl.exe -Lo <path-to-kube-proxy.exe> "https://dl.k8s.io/v1.34.0/bin/windows/amd64/kube-proxy.exe"
restart-service kube-proxy

Response: This text code 2.1.5 - Upgrading Windows nodes | From a machine with access to the Kubernetes API, bring the node back online by marking it schedulable:

Context: 2.1.5 - Upgrading Windows nodes | From a machine with access to the Kubernetes API, bring the node back online by marking it schedulable:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# replace <node-to-drain> with the name of your node
kubectl uncordon <node-to-drain>

Response: This text code 2.1.5 - Upgrading Windows nodes | This page explains how to configure the kubelet's cgroup driver to match the container runtime cgroup driver for kubeadm clusters.

Context: 2.1.5 - Upgrading Windows nodes | This page explains how to configure the kubelet's cgroup driver to match the container runtime cgroup driver for kubeadm clusters.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

# kubeadm-config.yaml
kind: ClusterConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta4
kubernetesVersion: v1.21.0

Response:
---
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
cgroupDriver: systemd

Context: 2.1.6 - Configuring a cgroup driver | Such a configuration file can then be passed to the kubeadm command:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

# kubeadm-config.yaml
kind: ClusterConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta4
kubernetesVersion: v1.21.0
---
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
cgroupDriver: systemd

Response: This yaml code 2.1.6 - Configuring a cgroup driver | Such a configuration file can then be passed to the kubeadm command:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta4
kind: ClusterConfiguration
encryptionAlgorithm: <ALGORITHM>

Response: This yaml code 2.1.7 - Certificate Management with kubeadm | <ALGORITHM> can be one of RSA-2048 (default), RSA-3072, RSA-4096 or ECDSA-P256.

Context: 2.1.7 - Certificate Management with kubeadm | <ALGORITHM> can be one of RSA-2048 (default), RSA-3072, RSA-4096 or ECDSA-P256.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta4
kind: ClusterConfiguration

Response:
certificateValidityPeriod: 8760h # Default: 365 days × 24 hours = 1 year
caCertificateValidityPeriod: 87600h # Default: 365 days × 24 hours * 10 = 10 years

Context: 2.1.7 - Certificate Management with kubeadm | The values of the fields follow the accepted format for Go's time.Duration values, with the longest supported unit being h (hours).


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta4
kind: ClusterConfiguration
certificateValidityPeriod: 8760h # Default: 365 days × 24 hours = 1 year
caCertificateValidityPeriod: 87600h # Default: 365 days × 24 hours * 10 = 10 years

Response: This yaml code 2.1.7 - Certificate Management with kubeadm | The values of the fields follow the accepted format for Go's time.Duration values, with the longest supported unit being h (hours).


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

CERTIFICATE                EXPIRES                  RESIDUAL TIME   CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY   EXTERNALLY MANAGED
admin.conf                 Dec 30, 2020 23:36 UTC   364d                                    no
apiserver                  Dec 30, 2020 23:36 UTC   364d            ca                      no
apiserver-etcd-client      Dec 30, 2020 23:36 UTC   364d            etcd-ca                 no
apiserver-kubelet-client   Dec 30, 2020 23:36 UTC   364d            ca                      no
controller-manager.conf    Dec 30, 2020 23:36 UTC   364d                                    no
etcd-healthcheck-client    Dec 30, 2020 23:36 UTC   364d            etcd-ca                 no
etcd-peer                  Dec 30, 2020 23:36 UTC   364d            etcd-ca                 no

Response:
etcd-server                Dec 30, 2020 23:36 UTC   364d            etcd-ca                 no
front-proxy-client         Dec 30, 2020 23:36 UTC   364d            front-proxy-ca          no
scheduler.conf             Dec 30, 2020 23:36 UTC   364d                                    no

CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY   EXPIRES                  RESIDUAL TIME   EXTERNALLY MANAGED
ca                      Dec 28, 2029 23:36 UTC   9y              no
etcd-ca                 Dec 28, 2029 23:36 UTC   9y              no
front-proxy-ca          Dec 28, 2029 23:36 UTC   9y              no

Context: 2.1.7 - Certificate Management with kubeadm | The command shows expiration/residual time for the client certificates in the /etc/kubernetes/pki folder and for the client certificate embedded in the kubeconfig files used by kubeadm (admin.conf, co