Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

kubectl get jobs -l job-name=job-pod-failure-policy-failjob -o yaml

Response: This sh code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | In the Job status, the following conditions display:

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | In the Job status, the following conditions display:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Container main for pod default/job-pod-failure-policy-failjob-8ckj8 failed with exit code 42 matching FailJob rule at index 0

Response: This text code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | For comparison, if the Pod failure policy was disabled it would take 6 retries of the Pod, taking at least 2 minutes.

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | For comparison, if the Pod failure policy was disabled it would take 6 retries of the Pod, taking at least 2 minutes.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-pod-failure-policy-ignore
spec:
  completions: 4
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:

Response:
      - name: main
        image: docker.io/library/bash:5
        command: ["bash"]
        args:
        - -c
        - echo "Hello world! I'm going to exit with 0 (success)." && sleep 90 && exit 0
  backoffLimit: 0
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: Ignore
      onPodConditions:
      - type: DisruptionTarget

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Apply the manifest:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-pod-failure-policy-ignore
spec:
  completions: 4
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: docker.io/library/bash:5
        command: ["bash"]
        args:
        - -c
        - echo "Hello world! I'm going to exit with 0 (success)." && sleep 90 && exit 0
  backoffLimit: 0
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: Ignore
      onPodConditions:
      - type: DisruptionTarget

Response: This yaml code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Apply the manifest:


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

kubectl create -f https://k8s.io/examples/controllers/job-pod-failure-policy-ignore.yaml

Response: This sh code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Run this command to check the nodeName the Pod is scheduled to:

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Run this command to check the nodeName the Pod is scheduled to:


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

nodeName=$(kubectl get pods -l job-name=job-pod-failure-policy-ignore -o jsonpath='{.items[0].spec.nodeName}')

Response: This sh code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Drain the node to evict the Pod before it completes (within 90s):

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Drain the node to evict the Pod before it completes (within 90s):


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

kubectl drain nodes/$nodeName --ignore-daemonsets --grace-period=0

Response: This sh code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Inspect the .status.failed to check the counter for the Job is not incremented:

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Inspect the .status.failed to check the counter for the Job is not incremented:


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

kubectl get jobs -l job-name=job-pod-failure-policy-ignore -o yaml

Response: This sh code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Uncordon the node:

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Uncordon the node:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

/controllers/job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue.yaml

Response: This text code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Apply the manifest:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue
spec:
  completions: 8
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    spec:

Response:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: "non-existing-repo/non-existing-image:example"
  backoffLimit: 6
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: FailJob
      onPodConditions:
      - type: ConfigIssue


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue
spec:
  completions: 8
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: "non-existing-repo/non-existing-image:example"
  backoffLimit: 6
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: FailJob
      onPodConditions:
      - type: ConfigIssue

Response: This yaml code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Apply the manifest:


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

kubectl create -f https://k8s.io/examples/controllers/job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue.yaml

Response: This sh code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Note that, the image is misconfigured, as it does not exist.

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Note that, the image is misconfigured, as it does not exist.


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

kubectl get pods -l job-name=job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue -o yaml

Response: This sh code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | You will see output similar to this:

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | You will see output similar to this:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

containerStatuses:
- image: non-existing-repo/non-existing-image:example
   ...
   state:

Response:
   waiting:
      message: Back-off pulling image "non-existing-repo/non-existing-image:example"
      reason: ImagePullBackOff
      ...
phase: Pending

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Note that the pod remains in the Pending phase as it fails to pull the misconfigured image. This, in principle, could be a transient issue and the image could get pulled. However, in this case, the im


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

containerStatuses:
- image: non-existing-repo/non-existing-image:example
   ...
   state:
   waiting:
      message: Back-off pulling image "non-existing-repo/non-existing-image:example"
      reason: ImagePullBackOff
      ...
phase: Pending

Response: This yaml code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Note that the pod remains in the Pending phase as it fails to pull the misconfigured image. This, in principle, could be a transient issue and the image could get pulled. However, in this case, the im


Prompt:
Complete this sh code:

cat <<EOF > patch.yaml
status:
  conditions:
  - type: ConfigIssue

Response:
    status: "True"
    reason: "NonExistingImage"
    lastTransitionTime: "$(date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")"
EOF

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Second, select one of the pods created by the job by running:


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

cat <<EOF > patch.yaml
status:
  conditions:
  - type: ConfigIssue
    status: "True"
    reason: "NonExistingImage"
    lastTransitionTime: "$(date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")"
EOF

Response: This sh code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Second, select one of the pods created by the job by running:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

podName=$(kubectl get pods -l job-name=job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')

Response: This text code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Then, apply the patch on one of the pods by running the following command:

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Then, apply the patch on one of the pods by running the following command:


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

kubectl patch pod $podName --subresource=status --patch-file=patch.yaml

Response: This sh code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | If applied successfully, you will get a notification like this:

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | If applied successfully, you will get a notification like this:


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

pod/job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue-k6pvp patched

Response: This sh code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Delete the pod to transition it to Failed phase, by running the command:

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Delete the pod to transition it to Failed phase, by running the command:


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

kubectl get jobs -l job-name=job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue -o yaml

Response: This sh code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | In the Job status, see a job Failed condition with the field reason equal PodFailurePolicy. Additionally, the message field contains a more detailed information about the Job termination, such as: Pod

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | In the Job status, see a job Failed condition with the field reason equal PodFailurePolicy. Additionally, the message field contains a more detailed information about the Job termination, such as: Pod


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Pod default/job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue-k6pvp has condition ConfigIssue matching FailJob rule at index 0

Response: This text code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Delete the Job you created:

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Delete the Job you created:


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

kubectl delete jobs/job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue

Response: This sh code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | The cluster automatically cleans up the Pods.

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | The cluster automatically cleans up the Pods.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

/controllers/job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex.yaml

Response: This text code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Apply the manifest:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex
spec:
  completions: 4
  parallelism: 2
  completionMode: Indexed
  backoffLimitPerIndex: 1
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: docker.io/library/python:3
        command:
          # The script:
          # - fails the Pod with index 0 with exit code 1, which results in one retry;
          # - fails the Pod with index 1 with exit code 42 which results
          #   in failing the index without retry.

Response:
          # - succeeds Pods with any other index.
          - python3
          - -c
          - |
            import os, sys
            index = int(os.environ.get("JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX"))
            if index == 0:
              sys.exit(1)
            elif index == 1:
              sys.exit(42)
            else:
              sys.exit(0)
  backoffLimit: 6
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: FailIndex
      onExitCodes:
        containerName: main
        operator: In
        values: [42]


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex
spec:
  completions: 4
  parallelism: 2
  completionMode: Indexed
  backoffLimitPerIndex: 1
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: docker.io/library/python:3
        command:
          # The script:
          # - fails the Pod with index 0 with exit code 1, which results in one retry;
          # - fails the Pod with index 1 with exit code 42 which results
          #   in failing the index without retry.
          # - succeeds Pods with any other index.
          - python3
          - -c
          - |
            import os, sys
            index = int(os.environ.get("JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX"))
            if index == 0:
              sys.exit(1)
            elif index == 1:
              sys.exit(42)
            else:
              sys.exit(0)
  backoffLimit: 6
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: FailIndex
      onExitCodes:
        containerName: main
        operator: In
        values: [42]

Response: This yaml code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Apply the manifest:


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

kubectl create -f https://k8s.io/examples/controllers/job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex.yaml

Response: This sh code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | After around 15 seconds, inspect the status of the Pods for the Job. You can do that by running:

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | After around 15 seconds, inspect the status of the Pods for the Job. You can do that by running:


Prompt:
Explain this shell code:

kubectl get pods -l job-name=job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex -o yaml

Response: This shell code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | You will see output similar to this:


Prompt:
Complete this none code:

NAME                                            READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex-0-4g4cm   0/1     Error       0          4s
job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex-0-fkdzq   0/1     Error       0          15s

Response:
job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex-1-2bgdj   0/1     Error       0          15s
job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex-2-vs6lt   0/1     Completed   0          11s
job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex-3-s7s47   0/1     Completed   0          6s

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Note that the output shows the following:


Prompt:
Explain this none code:

NAME                                            READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex-0-4g4cm   0/1     Error       0          4s
job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex-0-fkdzq   0/1     Error       0          15s
job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex-1-2bgdj   0/1     Error       0          15s
job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex-2-vs6lt   0/1     Completed   0          11s
job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex-3-s7s47   0/1     Completed   0          6s

Response: This none code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Note that the output shows the following:


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

kubectl get jobs -l job-name=job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex -o yaml

Response: This sh code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | In the Job status, see that the failedIndexes field shows "0,1", because both indexes failed. Because the index 1 was not retried the number of failed Pods, indicated by the status field "failed" equa

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | In the Job status, see that the failedIndexes field shows "0,1", because both indexes failed. Because the index 1 was not retried the number of failed Pods, indicated by the status field "failed" equa


Prompt:
Explain this sh code:

kubectl delete jobs/job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex

Response: This sh code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | The cluster automatically cleans up the Pods.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

application/job/cronjob.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: CronJob
metadata:
  name: hello
spec:
  schedule: "* * * * *"
  jobTemplate:
    spec:
      template:

Response:
        spec:
          containers:
          - name: hello
            image: busybox:1.28
            imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
            command:
            - /bin/sh
            - -c
            - date; echo Hello from the Kubernetes cluster
          restartPolicy: OnFailure

Context: 1 - Running Automated Tasks with a CronJob | Run the example CronJob by using this command:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

application/job/cronjob.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: CronJob
metadata:
  name: hello
spec:
  schedule: "* * * * *"
  jobTemplate:
    spec:
      template:
        spec:
          containers:
          - name: hello
            image: busybox:1.28
            imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
            command:
            - /bin/sh
            - -c
            - date; echo Hello from the Kubernetes cluster
          restartPolicy: OnFailure

Response: This yaml code 1 - Running Automated Tasks with a CronJob | Run the example CronJob by using this command:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: CronJob
metadata:
  name: hello
spec:
  schedule: "* * * * *"
  jobTemplate:
    spec:
      template:

Response:
        spec:
          containers:
          - name: hello
            image: busybox:1.28
            imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
            command:
            - /bin/sh
            - -c
            - date; echo Hello from the Kubernetes cluster
          restartPolicy: OnFailure


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: CronJob
metadata:
  name: hello
spec:
  schedule: "* * * * *"
  jobTemplate:
    spec:
      template:
        spec:
          containers:
          - name: hello
            image: busybox:1.28
            imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
            command:
            - /bin/sh
            - -c
            - date; echo Hello from the Kubernetes cluster
          restartPolicy: OnFailure

Response: This yaml code 1 - Running Automated Tasks with a CronJob | Run the example CronJob by using this command:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl create -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/job/cronjob.yaml

Response: This bash code 1 - Running Automated Tasks with a CronJob | The output is similar to this:

Context: 1 - Running Automated Tasks with a CronJob | The output is similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Replace "hello-4111706356" with the job name in your system
pods=$(kubectl get pods --selector=job-name=hello-4111706356 --output=jsonpath={.items[*].metadata.name})

Response: This text code 1 - Running Automated Tasks with a CronJob | Show the pod log:

Context: 1 - Running Automated Tasks with a CronJob | Show the pod log:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# make a Service for the StatefulSet to use
kubectl create -f https://kubernetes.io/examples/application/job/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-service.yaml

Response: This text code 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Now, we can experiment with accessing the message queue. We will create a temporary interactive pod, install some tools on it, and experiment with queues.

Context: 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Now, we can experiment with accessing the message queue. We will create a temporary interactive pod, install some tools on it, and experiment with queues.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl create -f https://kubernetes.io/examples/application/job/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-statefulset.yaml

Response: This bash code 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Now, we can experiment with accessing the message queue. We will create a temporary interactive pod, install some tools on it, and experiment with queues.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Create a temporary interactive container
kubectl run -i --tty temp --image ubuntu:22.04

Response: This text code 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Note that your pod name and command prompt will be different.

Context: 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Note that your pod name and command prompt will be different.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl ca-certificates amqp-tools python3 dnsutils

Response: This text code 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Later, you will make a container image that includes these packages.

Context: 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Later, you will make a container image that includes these packages.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# run this check inside the Pod
env | grep RABBITMQ_SERVICE | grep HOST

Response: This text code 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | (the IP address will vary)

Context: 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | (the IP address will vary)


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# Run these commands inside the Pod
# In the next line, rabbitmq-service is the hostname where the rabbitmq-service
# can be reached.  5672 is the standard port for rabbitmq.
export BROKER_URL=amqp://guest:guest@rabbitmq-service:5672
# If you could not resolve "rabbitmq-service" in the previous step,

Response:
# then use this command instead:
BROKER_URL=amqp://guest:guest@$RABBITMQ_SERVICE_SERVICE_HOST:5672

# Now create a queue:

/usr/bin/amqp-declare-queue --url=$BROKER_URL -q foo -d

Context: 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Publish one message to the queue:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Run these commands inside the Pod
# In the next line, rabbitmq-service is the hostname where the rabbitmq-service
# can be reached.  5672 is the standard port for rabbitmq.
export BROKER_URL=amqp://guest:guest@rabbitmq-service:5672
# If you could not resolve "rabbitmq-service" in the previous step,
# then use this command instead:
BROKER_URL=amqp://guest:guest@$RABBITMQ_SERVICE_SERVICE_HOST:5672

# Now create a queue:

/usr/bin/amqp-declare-queue --url=$BROKER_URL -q foo -d

Response: This text code 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Publish one message to the queue:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

/usr/bin/amqp-publish --url=$BROKER_URL -r foo -p -b Hello

Response:
# And get it back.

/usr/bin/amqp-consume --url=$BROKER_URL -q foo -c 1 cat && echo 1>&2

Context: 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | In the last command, the amqp-consume tool took one message (-c 1) from the queue, and passes that message to the standard input of an arbitrary command. In this case, the program cat prints out the c


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

/usr/bin/amqp-publish --url=$BROKER_URL -r foo -p -b Hello

# And get it back.

/usr/bin/amqp-consume --url=$BROKER_URL -q foo -c 1 cat && echo 1>&2

Response: This text code 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | In the last command, the amqp-consume tool took one message (-c 1) from the queue, and passes that message to the standard input of an arbitrary command. In this case, the program cat prints out the c


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Run this on your computer, not in the Pod
/usr/bin/amqp-declare-queue --url=$BROKER_URL -q job1  -d

Response: This text code 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Add items to the queue:

Context: 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Add items to the queue:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

for f in apple banana cherry date fig grape lemon melon
do

Response:
  /usr/bin/amqp-publish --url=$BROKER_URL -r job1 -p -b $f
done

Context: 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | You added 8 messages to the queue.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

for f in apple banana cherry date fig grape lemon melon
do
  /usr/bin/amqp-publish --url=$BROKER_URL -r job1 -p -b $f
done

Response: This text code 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | You added 8 messages to the queue.


Prompt:
Complete this python code:

application/job/rabbitmq/worker.py
#!/usr/bin/env python

# Just prints standard out and sleeps for 10 seconds.

Response:
import sys
import time
print("Processing " + sys.stdin.readlines()[0])
time.sleep(10)

Context: 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Give the script execution permission:


Prompt:
Explain this python code:

application/job/rabbitmq/worker.py
#!/usr/bin/env python

# Just prints standard out and sleeps for 10 seconds.
import sys
import time
print("Processing " + sys.stdin.readlines()[0])
time.sleep(10)

Response: This python code 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Give the script execution permission:


Prompt:
Complete this python code:

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Just prints standard out and sleeps for 10 seconds.

Response:
import sys
import time
print("Processing " + sys.stdin.readlines()[0])
time.sleep(10)


Prompt:
Explain this python code:

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Just prints standard out and sleeps for 10 seconds.
import sys
import time
print("Processing " + sys.stdin.readlines()[0])
time.sleep(10)

Response: This python code 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Give the script execution permission:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

docker tag job-wq-1 <username>/job-wq-1
docker push <username>/job-wq-1

Response: This bash code 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | If you are using an alternative container image registry, tag the image and push it there instead.

Context: 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | If you are using an alternative container image registry, tag the image and push it there instead.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

application/job/rabbitmq/job.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-wq-1
spec:
  completions: 8
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    metadata:

Response:
      name: job-wq-1
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: c
        image: gcr.io/<project>/job-wq-1
        env:
        - name: BROKER_URL
          value: amqp://guest:guest@rabbitmq-service:5672
        - name: QUEUE
          value: job1
      restartPolicy: OnFailure

Context: 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | In this example, each pod works on one item from the queue and then exits. So, the completion count of the Job corresponds to the number of work items done. That is why the example manifest has .spec.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

application/job/rabbitmq/job.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-wq-1
spec:
  completions: 8
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      name: job-wq-1
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: c
        image: gcr.io/<project>/job-wq-1
        env:
        - name: BROKER_URL
          value: amqp://guest:guest@rabbitmq-service:5672
        - name: QUEUE
          value: job1
      restartPolicy: OnFailure

Response: This yaml code 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | In this example, each pod works on one item from the queue and then exits. So, the completion count of the Job corresponds to the number of work items done. That is why the example manifest has .spec.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-wq-1
spec:
  completions: 8
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      name: job-wq-1

Response:
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: c
        image: gcr.io/<project>/job-wq-1
        env:
        - name: BROKER_URL
          value: amqp://guest:guest@rabbitmq-service:5672
        - name: QUEUE
          value: job1
      restartPolicy: OnFailure


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-wq-1
spec:
  completions: 8
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      name: job-wq-1
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: c
        image: gcr.io/<project>/job-wq-1
        env:
        - name: BROKER_URL
          value: amqp://guest:guest@rabbitmq-service:5672
        - name: QUEUE
          value: job1
      restartPolicy: OnFailure

Response: This yaml code 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | In this example, each pod works on one item from the queue and then exits. So, the completion count of the Job corresponds to the number of work items done. That is why the example manifest has .spec.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# this assumes you downloaded and then edited the manifest already
kubectl apply -f ./job.yaml

Response: This text code 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | You can wait for the Job to succeed, with a timeout:

Context: 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | You can wait for the Job to succeed, with a timeout:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# The check for condition name is case insensitive
kubectl wait --for=condition=complete --timeout=300s job/job-wq-1

Response: This text code 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Next, check on the Job:

Context: 2 - Coarse Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Next, check on the Job:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/job/redis/redis-pod.yaml
kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/job/redis/redis-service.yaml

Response: This bash code 3 - Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Now let's fill the queue with some "tasks". In this example, the tasks are strings to be printed.

Context: 3 - Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Now let's fill the queue with some "tasks". In this example, the tasks are strings to be printed.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl run -i --tty temp --image redis --command "/bin/sh"

Response: This bash code 3 - Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Now hit enter, start the Redis CLI, and create a list with some work items in it.

Context: 3 - Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Now hit enter, start the Redis CLI, and create a list with some work items in it.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

redis:6379> rpush job2 "apple"
(integer) 1
redis:6379> rpush job2 "banana"
(integer) 2
redis:6379> rpush job2 "cherry"
(integer) 3
redis:6379> rpush job2 "date"
(integer) 4
redis:6379> rpush job2 "fig"
(integer) 5
redis:6379> rpush job2 "grape"
(integer) 6
redis:6379> rpush job2 "lemon"
(integer) 7

Response:
redis:6379> rpush job2 "melon"
(integer) 8
redis:6379> rpush job2 "orange"
(integer) 9
redis:6379> lrange job2 0 -1
1) "apple"
2) "banana"
3) "cherry"
4) "date"
5) "fig"
6) "grape"
7) "lemon"
8) "melon"
9) "orange"

Context: 3 - Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | So, the list with key job2 will be the work queue.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

redis:6379> rpush job2 "apple"
(integer) 1
redis:6379> rpush job2 "banana"
(integer) 2
redis:6379> rpush job2 "cherry"
(integer) 3
redis:6379> rpush job2 "date"
(integer) 4
redis:6379> rpush job2 "fig"
(integer) 5
redis:6379> rpush job2 "grape"
(integer) 6
redis:6379> rpush job2 "lemon"
(integer) 7
redis:6379> rpush job2 "melon"
(integer) 8
redis:6379> rpush job2 "orange"
(integer) 9
redis:6379> lrange job2 0 -1
1) "apple"
2) "banana"
3) "cherry"
4) "date"
5) "fig"
6) "grape"
7) "lemon"
8) "melon"
9) "orange"

Response: This text code 3 - Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | So, the list with key job2 will be the work queue.


Prompt:
Complete this python code:

application/job/redis/worker.py
#!/usr/bin/env python

import time
import rediswq

host="redis"
# Uncomment next two lines if you do not have Kube-DNS working.
# import os
# host = os.getenv("REDIS_SERVICE_HOST")

q = rediswq.RedisWQ(name="job2", host=host)

Response:
print("Worker with sessionID: " +  q.sessionID())
print("Initial queue state: empty=" + str(q.empty()))
while not q.empty():
  item = q.lease(lease_secs=10, block=True, timeout=2)
  if item is not None:
    itemstr = item.decode("utf-8")
    print("Working on " + itemstr)
    time.sleep(10) # Put your actual work here instead of sleep.
    q.complete(item)
  else:
    print("Waiting for work")
print("Queue empty, exiting")

Context: 3 - Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | You could also download worker.py, rediswq.py, and Dockerfile files, then build the container image. Here's an example using Docker to do the image build:


Prompt:
Explain this python code:

application/job/redis/worker.py
#!/usr/bin/env python

import time
import rediswq

host="redis"
# Uncomment next two lines if you do not have Kube-DNS working.
# import os
# host = os.getenv("REDIS_SERVICE_HOST")

q = rediswq.RedisWQ(name="job2", host=host)
print("Worker with sessionID: " +  q.sessionID())
print("Initial queue state: empty=" + str(q.empty()))
while not q.empty():
  item = q.lease(lease_secs=10, block=True, timeout=2)
  if item is not None:
    itemstr = item.decode("utf-8")
    print("Working on " + itemstr)
    time.sleep(10) # Put your actual work here instead of sleep.
    q.complete(item)
  else:
    print("Waiting for work")
print("Queue empty, exiting")

Response: This python code 3 - Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | You could also download worker.py, rediswq.py, and Dockerfile files, then build the container image. Here's an example using Docker to do the image build:


Prompt:
Complete this python code:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import time
import rediswq

host="redis"
# Uncomment next two lines if you do not have Kube-DNS working.
# import os
# host = os.getenv("REDIS_SERVICE_HOST")

q = rediswq.RedisWQ(name="job2", host=host)

Response:
print("Worker with sessionID: " +  q.sessionID())
print("Initial queue state: empty=" + str(q.empty()))
while not q.empty():
  item = q.lease(lease_secs=10, block=True, timeout=2)
  if item is not None:
    itemstr = item.decode("utf-8")
    print("Working on " + itemstr)
    time.sleep(10) # Put your actual work here instead of sleep.
    q.complete(item)
  else:
    print("Waiting for work")
print("Queue empty, exiting")


Prompt:
Explain this python code:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import time
import rediswq

host="redis"
# Uncomment next two lines if you do not have Kube-DNS working.
# import os
# host = os.getenv("REDIS_SERVICE_HOST")

q = rediswq.RedisWQ(name="job2", host=host)
print("Worker with sessionID: " +  q.sessionID())
print("Initial queue state: empty=" + str(q.empty()))
while not q.empty():
  item = q.lease(lease_secs=10, block=True, timeout=2)
  if item is not None:
    itemstr = item.decode("utf-8")
    print("Working on " + itemstr)
    time.sleep(10) # Put your actual work here instead of sleep.
    q.complete(item)
  else:
    print("Waiting for work")
print("Queue empty, exiting")

Response: This python code 3 - Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | You could also download worker.py, rediswq.py, and Dockerfile files, then build the container image. Here's an example using Docker to do the image build:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

docker tag job-wq-2 <username>/job-wq-2
docker push <username>/job-wq-2

Response: This bash code 3 - Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | You need to push to a public repository or configure your cluster to be able to access your private repository.

Context: 3 - Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | You need to push to a public repository or configure your cluster to be able to access your private repository.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

application/job/redis/job.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-wq-2
spec:
  parallelism: 2

Response:
  template:
    metadata:
      name: job-wq-2
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: c
        image: gcr.io/myproject/job-wq-2
      restartPolicy: OnFailure

Context: 3 - Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | In this example, each pod works on several items from the queue and then exits when there are no more items. Since the workers themselves detect when the workqueue is empty, and the Job controller doe


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

application/job/redis/job.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-wq-2
spec:
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      name: job-wq-2
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: c
        image: gcr.io/myproject/job-wq-2
      restartPolicy: OnFailure

Response: This yaml code 3 - Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | In this example, each pod works on several items from the queue and then exits when there are no more items. Since the workers themselves detect when the workqueue is empty, and the Job controller doe


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-wq-2
spec:
  parallelism: 2
  template:

Response:
    metadata:
      name: job-wq-2
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: c
        image: gcr.io/myproject/job-wq-2
      restartPolicy: OnFailure


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-wq-2
spec:
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      name: job-wq-2
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: c
        image: gcr.io/myproject/job-wq-2
      restartPolicy: OnFailure

Response: This yaml code 3 - Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | In this example, each pod works on several items from the queue and then exits when there are no more items. Since the workers themselves detect when the workqueue is empty, and the Job controller doe


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# this assumes you downloaded and then edited the manifest already
kubectl apply -f ./job.yaml

Response: This text code 3 - Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Now wait a bit, then check on the Job:

Context: 3 - Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | Now wait a bit, then check on the Job:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# The check for condition name is case insensitive
kubectl wait --for=condition=complete --timeout=300s job/job-wq-2

Response: This text code 3 - Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | As you can see, one of the pods for this Job worked on several work units.

Context: 3 - Fine Parallel Processing Using a Work Queue | As you can see, one of the pods for this Job worked on several work units.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

application/job/indexed-job.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: 'indexed-job'
spec:
  completions: 5
  parallelism: 3
  completionMode: Indexed
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      initContainers:
      - name: 'input'
        image: 'docker.io/library/bash'
        command:
        - "bash"
        - "-c"

Response:
        - |
          items=(foo bar baz qux xyz)
          echo ${items[$JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX]} > /input/data.txt
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /input
          name: input
      containers:
      - name: 'worker'
        image: 'docker.io/library/busybox'
        command:
        - "rev"
        - "/input/data.txt"
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /input
          name: input
      volumes:
      - name: input
        emptyDir: {}

Context: 4 - Indexed Job for Parallel Processing with Static Work Assignment | In the example above, you use the builtin JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX environment variable set by the Job controller for all containers. An init container maps the index to a static value and writes it to a


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

application/job/indexed-job.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: 'indexed-job'
spec:
  completions: 5
  parallelism: 3
  completionMode: Indexed
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      initContainers:
      - name: 'input'
        image: 'docker.io/library/bash'
        command:
        - "bash"
        - "-c"
        - |
          items=(foo bar baz qux xyz)
          echo ${items[$JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX]} > /input/data.txt
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /input
          name: input
      containers:
      - name: 'worker'
        image: 'docker.io/library/busybox'
        command:
        - "rev"
        - "/input/data.txt"
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /input
          name: input
      volumes:
      - name: input
        emptyDir: {}

Response: This yaml code 4 - Indexed Job for Parallel Processing with Static Work Assignment | In the example above, you use the builtin JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX environment variable set by the Job controller for all containers. An init container maps the index to a static value and writes it to a


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: 'indexed-job'
spec:
  completions: 5
  parallelism: 3
  completionMode: Indexed
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      initContainers:
      - name: 'input'
        image: 'docker.io/library/bash'
        command:
        - "bash"
        - "-c"

Response:
        - |
          items=(foo bar baz qux xyz)
          echo ${items[$JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX]} > /input/data.txt
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /input
          name: input
      containers:
      - name: 'worker'
        image: 'docker.io/library/busybox'
        command:
        - "rev"
        - "/input/data.txt"
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /input
          name: input
      volumes:
      - name: input
        emptyDir: {}


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: 'indexed-job'
spec:
  completions: 5
  parallelism: 3
  completionMode: Indexed
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      initContainers:
      - name: 'input'
        image: 'docker.io/library/bash'
        command:
        - "bash"
        - "-c"
        - |
          items=(foo bar baz qux xyz)
          echo ${items[$JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX]} > /input/data.txt
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /input
          name: input
      containers:
      - name: 'worker'
        image: 'docker.io/library/busybox'
        command:
        - "rev"
        - "/input/data.txt"
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /input
          name: input
      volumes:
      - name: input
        emptyDir: {}

Response: This yaml code 4 - Indexed Job for Parallel Processing with Static Work Assignment | In the example above, you use the builtin JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX environment variable set by the Job controller for all containers. An init container maps the index to a static value and writes it to a


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

application/job/indexed-job-vol.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: 'indexed-job'
spec:
  completions: 5
  parallelism: 3
  completionMode: Indexed
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: 'worker'

Response:
        image: 'docker.io/library/busybox'
        command:
        - "rev"
        - "/input/data.txt"
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /input
          name: input
      volumes:
      - name: input
        downwardAPI:
          items:
          - path: "data.txt"
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.annotations['batch.kubernetes.io/job-completion-index']

Context: 4 - Indexed Job for Parallel Processing with Static Work Assignment | Now run the Job:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

application/job/indexed-job-vol.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: 'indexed-job'
spec:
  completions: 5
  parallelism: 3
  completionMode: Indexed
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: 'worker'
        image: 'docker.io/library/busybox'
        command:
        - "rev"
        - "/input/data.txt"
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /input
          name: input
      volumes:
      - name: input
        downwardAPI:
          items:
          - path: "data.txt"
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.annotations['batch.kubernetes.io/job-completion-index']

Response: This yaml code 4 - Indexed Job for Parallel Processing with Static Work Assignment | Now run the Job:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: 'indexed-job'
spec:
  completions: 5
  parallelism: 3
  completionMode: Indexed
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: 'worker'

Response:
        image: 'docker.io/library/busybox'
        command:
        - "rev"
        - "/input/data.txt"
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /input
          name: input
      volumes:
      - name: input
        downwardAPI:
          items:
          - path: "data.txt"
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.annotations['batch.kubernetes.io/job-completion-index']


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: 'indexed-job'
spec:
  completions: 5
  parallelism: 3
  completionMode: Indexed
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: 'worker'
        image: 'docker.io/library/busybox'
        command:
        - "rev"
        - "/input/data.txt"
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /input
          name: input
      volumes:
      - name: input
        downwardAPI:
          items:
          - path: "data.txt"
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.annotations['batch.kubernetes.io/job-completion-index']

Response: This yaml code 4 - Indexed Job for Parallel Processing with Static Work Assignment | Now run the Job:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# This uses the first approach (relying on $JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX)
kubectl apply -f https://kubernetes.io/examples/application/job/indexed-job.yaml

Response: This text code 4 - Indexed Job for Parallel Processing with Static Work Assignment | When you create this Job, the control plane creates a series of Pods, one for each index you specified. The value of .spec.parallelism determines how many can run at once whereas .spec.completions det

Context: 4 - Indexed Job for Parallel Processing with Static Work Assignment | When you create this Job, the control plane creates a series of Pods, one for each index you specified. The value of .spec.parallelism determines how many can run at once whereas .spec.completions det


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# The check for condition name is case insensitive
kubectl wait --for=condition=complete --timeout=300s job/indexed-job

Response: This text code 4 - Indexed Job for Parallel Processing with Static Work Assignment | Now, describe the Job and check that it was successful.

Context: 4 - Indexed Job for Parallel Processing with Static Work Assignment | Now, describe the Job and check that it was successful.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl logs indexed-job-fdhq5 # Change this to match the name of a Pod from that Job

Response: This bash code 4 - Indexed Job for Parallel Processing with Static Work Assignment | The output is similar to:

Context: 4 - Indexed Job for Parallel Processing with Static Work Assignment | The output is similar to:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: headless-svc
spec:
  clusterIP: None # clusterIP must be None to create a headless service
  selector:
    job-name: example-job # must match Job name
---
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: example-job
spec:
  completions: 3
  parallelism: 3
  completionMode: Indexed
  template:
    spec:
      subdomain: headless-svc # has to match Service name
      restartPolicy: Never

Response:
      containers:
      - name: example-workload
        image: bash:latest
        command:
        - bash
        - -c
        - |
          for i in 0 1 2
          do
            gotStatus="-1"
            wantStatus="0"
            while [ $gotStatus -ne $wantStatus ]
            do
              ping -c 1 example-job-${i}.headless-svc > /dev/null 2>&1
              gotStatus=$?
              if [ $gotStatus -ne $wantStatus ]; then
                echo "Failed to ping pod example-job-${i}.headless-svc, retrying in 1 second..."
                sleep 1
              fi
            done
            echo "Successfully pinged pod: example-job-${i}.headless-svc"
          done

Context: 5 - Job with Pod-to-Pod Communication | After applying the example above, reach each other over the network using: <pod-hostname>.<headless-service-name>. You should see output similar to the following:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: headless-svc
spec:
  clusterIP: None # clusterIP must be None to create a headless service
  selector:
    job-name: example-job # must match Job name
---
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: example-job
spec:
  completions: 3
  parallelism: 3
  completionMode: Indexed
  template:
    spec:
      subdomain: headless-svc # has to match Service name
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: example-workload
        image: bash:latest
        command:
        - bash
        - -c
        - |
          for i in 0 1 2
          do
            gotStatus="-1"
            wantStatus="0"
            while [ $gotStatus -ne $wantStatus ]
            do
              ping -c 1 example-job-${i}.headless-svc > /dev/null 2>&1
              gotStatus=$?
              if [ $gotStatus -ne $wantStatus ]; then
                echo "Failed to ping pod example-job-${i}.headless-svc, retrying in 1 second..."
                sleep 1
              fi
            done
            echo "Successfully pinged pod: example-job-${i}.headless-svc"
          done

Response: This yaml code 5 - Job with Pod-to-Pod Communication | After applying the example above, reach each other over the network using: <pod-hostname>.<headless-service-name>. You should see output similar to the following:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

application/job/job-tmpl.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: process-item-$ITEM
  labels:
    jobgroup: jobexample
spec:
  template:

Response:
    metadata:
      name: jobexample
      labels:
        jobgroup: jobexample
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: c
        image: busybox:1.28
        command: ["sh", "-c", "echo Processing item $ITEM && sleep 5"]
      restartPolicy: Never

Context: 6 - Parallel Processing using Expansions | The file you downloaded is not yet a valid Kubernetes manifest. Instead that template is a YAML representation of a Job object with some placeholders that need to be filled in before it can be used. T


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

application/job/job-tmpl.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: process-item-$ITEM
  labels:
    jobgroup: jobexample
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      name: jobexample
      labels:
        jobgroup: jobexample
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: c
        image: busybox:1.28
        command: ["sh", "-c", "echo Processing item $ITEM && sleep 5"]
      restartPolicy: Never

Response: This yaml code 6 - Parallel Processing using Expansions | The file you downloaded is not yet a valid Kubernetes manifest. Instead that template is a YAML representation of a Job object with some placeholders that need to be filled in before it can be used. T


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: process-item-$ITEM
  labels:
    jobgroup: jobexample
spec:
  template:
    metadata:

Response:
      name: jobexample
      labels:
        jobgroup: jobexample
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: c
        image: busybox:1.28
        command: ["sh", "-c", "echo Processing item $ITEM && sleep 5"]
      restartPolicy: Never


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: process-item-$ITEM
  labels:
    jobgroup: jobexample
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      name: jobexample
      labels:
        jobgroup: jobexample
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: c
        image: busybox:1.28
        command: ["sh", "-c", "echo Processing item $ITEM && sleep 5"]
      restartPolicy: Never

Response: This yaml code 6 - Parallel Processing using Expansions | The file you downloaded is not yet a valid Kubernetes manifest. Instead that template is a YAML representation of a Job object with some placeholders that need to be filled in before it can be used. T


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Use curl to download job-tmpl.yaml
curl -L -s -O https://k8s.io/examples/application/job/job-tmpl.yaml

Response: This text code 6 - Parallel Processing using Expansions | The file you downloaded is not yet a valid Kubernetes manifest. Instead that template is a YAML representation of a Job object with some placeholders that need to be filled in before it can be used. T


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

# Expand the template into multiple files, one for each item to be processed.
mkdir ./jobs
for i in apple banana cherry

Response:
do
  cat job-tmpl.yaml | sed "s/\$ITEM/$i/" > ./jobs/job-$i.yaml
done

Context: 6 - Parallel Processing using Expansions | Check if it worked:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Expand the template into multiple files, one for each item to be processed.
mkdir ./jobs
for i in apple banana cherry
do
  cat job-tmpl.yaml | sed "s/\$ITEM/$i/" > ./jobs/job-$i.yaml
done

Response: This text code 6 - Parallel Processing using Expansions | Check if it worked:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Remove the Jobs you created
# Your cluster automatically cleans up their Pods
kubectl delete job -l jobgroup=jobexample

Response: This text code 6 - Parallel Processing using Expansions | In the first example, each instance of the template had one parameter, and that parameter was also used in the Job's name. However, names are restricted to contain only certain characters.

Context: 6 - Parallel Processing using Expansions | In the first example, each instance of the template had one parameter, and that parameter was also used in the Job's name. However, names are restricted to contain only certain characters.


Prompt:
Explain this python code:

alias render_template='python -c "from jinja2 import Template; import sys; print(Template(sys.stdin.read()).render());"'

Response: This python code 6 - Parallel Processing using Expansions | Use render_template to convert the parameters and template into a single YAML file containing Kubernetes manifests:

Context: 6 - Parallel Processing using Expansions | Use render_template to convert the parameters and template into a single YAML file containing Kubernetes manifests:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# This requires the alias you defined earlier
cat job.yaml.jinja2 | render_template > jobs.yaml

Response: This text code 6 - Parallel Processing using Expansions | You can view jobs.yaml to verify that the render_template script worked correctly.

Context: 6 - Parallel Processing using Expansions | You can view jobs.yaml to verify that the render_template script worked correctly.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

cat job.yaml.jinja2 | render_template | kubectl apply -f -

Response: This text code 6 - Parallel Processing using Expansions | Kubernetes accepts and runs the Jobs you created.

Context: 6 - Parallel Processing using Expansions | Kubernetes accepts and runs the Jobs you created.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

# Remove the Jobs you created
# Your cluster automatically cleans up their Pods
kubectl delete job -l jobgroup=jobexample

Response: This text code 6 - Parallel Processing using Expansions | In a real use case, each Job performs some substantial computation, such as rendering a frame of a movie, or processing a range of rows in a database. If you were rendering a movie you would set $ITEM

Context: 6 - Parallel Processing using Expansions | In a real use case, each Job performs some substantial computation, such as rendering a frame of a movie, or processing a range of rows in a database. If you were rendering a movie you would set $ITEM


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

/controllers/job-pod-failure-policy-failjob.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-pod-failure-policy-failjob
spec:
  completions: 8
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main

Response:
        image: docker.io/library/bash:5
        command: ["bash"]
        args:
        - -c
        - echo "Hello world! I'm going to exit with 42 to simulate a software bug." && sleep 30 && exit 42
  backoffLimit: 6
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: FailJob
      onExitCodes:
        containerName: main
        operator: In
        values: [42]

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Apply the manifest:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

/controllers/job-pod-failure-policy-failjob.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-pod-failure-policy-failjob
spec:
  completions: 8
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: docker.io/library/bash:5
        command: ["bash"]
        args:
        - -c
        - echo "Hello world! I'm going to exit with 42 to simulate a software bug." && sleep 30 && exit 42
  backoffLimit: 6
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: FailJob
      onExitCodes:
        containerName: main
        operator: In
        values: [42]

Response: This yaml code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Apply the manifest:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-pod-failure-policy-failjob
spec:
  completions: 8
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main

Response:
        image: docker.io/library/bash:5
        command: ["bash"]
        args:
        - -c
        - echo "Hello world! I'm going to exit with 42 to simulate a software bug." && sleep 30 && exit 42
  backoffLimit: 6
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: FailJob
      onExitCodes:
        containerName: main
        operator: In
        values: [42]


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-pod-failure-policy-failjob
spec:
  completions: 8
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: docker.io/library/bash:5
        command: ["bash"]
        args:
        - -c
        - echo "Hello world! I'm going to exit with 42 to simulate a software bug." && sleep 30 && exit 42
  backoffLimit: 6
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: FailJob
      onExitCodes:
        containerName: main
        operator: In
        values: [42]

Response: This yaml code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Apply the manifest:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl create -f https://k8s.io/examples/controllers/job-pod-failure-policy-failjob.yaml

Response: This bash code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | After around 30 seconds the entire Job should be terminated. Inspect the status of the Job by running:

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | After around 30 seconds the entire Job should be terminated. Inspect the status of the Job by running:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get jobs -l job-name=job-pod-failure-policy-failjob -o yaml

Response: This bash code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | In the Job status, the following conditions display:

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | In the Job status, the following conditions display:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

/controllers/job-pod-failure-policy-ignore.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-pod-failure-policy-ignore
spec:
  completions: 4
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:

Response:
      - name: main
        image: docker.io/library/bash:5
        command: ["bash"]
        args:
        - -c
        - echo "Hello world! I'm going to exit with 0 (success)." && sleep 90 && exit 0
  backoffLimit: 0
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: Ignore
      onPodConditions:
      - type: DisruptionTarget


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

/controllers/job-pod-failure-policy-ignore.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-pod-failure-policy-ignore
spec:
  completions: 4
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: docker.io/library/bash:5
        command: ["bash"]
        args:
        - -c
        - echo "Hello world! I'm going to exit with 0 (success)." && sleep 90 && exit 0
  backoffLimit: 0
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: Ignore
      onPodConditions:
      - type: DisruptionTarget

Response: This yaml code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Apply the manifest:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-pod-failure-policy-ignore
spec:
  completions: 4
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:

Response:
      - name: main
        image: docker.io/library/bash:5
        command: ["bash"]
        args:
        - -c
        - echo "Hello world! I'm going to exit with 0 (success)." && sleep 90 && exit 0
  backoffLimit: 0
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: Ignore
      onPodConditions:
      - type: DisruptionTarget


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-pod-failure-policy-ignore
spec:
  completions: 4
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: docker.io/library/bash:5
        command: ["bash"]
        args:
        - -c
        - echo "Hello world! I'm going to exit with 0 (success)." && sleep 90 && exit 0
  backoffLimit: 0
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: Ignore
      onPodConditions:
      - type: DisruptionTarget

Response: This yaml code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Apply the manifest:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl create -f https://k8s.io/examples/controllers/job-pod-failure-policy-ignore.yaml

Response: This bash code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Run this command to check the nodeName the Pod is scheduled to:

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Run this command to check the nodeName the Pod is scheduled to:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

nodeName=$(kubectl get pods -l job-name=job-pod-failure-policy-ignore -o jsonpath='{.items[0].spec.nodeName}')

Response: This text code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Drain the node to evict the Pod before it completes (within 90s):

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Drain the node to evict the Pod before it completes (within 90s):


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl drain nodes/$nodeName --ignore-daemonsets --grace-period=0

Response: This bash code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Inspect the .status.failed to check the counter for the Job is not incremented:

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Inspect the .status.failed to check the counter for the Job is not incremented:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get jobs -l job-name=job-pod-failure-policy-ignore -o yaml

Response: This bash code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Uncordon the node:

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Uncordon the node:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

/controllers/job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue
spec:
  completions: 8
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    spec:

Response:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: "non-existing-repo/non-existing-image:example"
  backoffLimit: 6
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: FailJob
      onPodConditions:
      - type: ConfigIssue


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

/controllers/job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue
spec:
  completions: 8
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: "non-existing-repo/non-existing-image:example"
  backoffLimit: 6
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: FailJob
      onPodConditions:
      - type: ConfigIssue

Response: This yaml code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Apply the manifest:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue
spec:
  completions: 8
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    spec:

Response:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: "non-existing-repo/non-existing-image:example"
  backoffLimit: 6
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: FailJob
      onPodConditions:
      - type: ConfigIssue


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue
spec:
  completions: 8
  parallelism: 2
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: "non-existing-repo/non-existing-image:example"
  backoffLimit: 6
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: FailJob
      onPodConditions:
      - type: ConfigIssue

Response: This yaml code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Apply the manifest:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl create -f https://k8s.io/examples/controllers/job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue.yaml

Response: This bash code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Note that, the image is misconfigured, as it does not exist.

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Note that, the image is misconfigured, as it does not exist.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pods -l job-name=job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue -o yaml

Response: This bash code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | You will see output similar to this:

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | You will see output similar to this:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

containerStatuses:
- image: non-existing-repo/non-existing-image:example
   ...
   state:

Response:
   waiting:
      message: Back-off pulling image "non-existing-repo/non-existing-image:example"
      reason: ImagePullBackOff
      ...
phase: Pending

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Note that the pod remains in the Pending phase as it fails to pull the misconfigured image. This, in principle, could be a transient issue and the image could get pulled. However, in this case, the im


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

containerStatuses:
- image: non-existing-repo/non-existing-image:example
   ...
   state:
   waiting:
      message: Back-off pulling image "non-existing-repo/non-existing-image:example"
      reason: ImagePullBackOff
      ...
phase: Pending

Response: This text code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Note that the pod remains in the Pending phase as it fails to pull the misconfigured image. This, in principle, could be a transient issue and the image could get pulled. However, in this case, the im


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

cat <<EOF > patch.yaml
status:
  conditions:
  - type: ConfigIssue

Response:
    status: "True"
    reason: "NonExistingImage"
    lastTransitionTime: "$(date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")"
EOF

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Second, select one of the pods created by the job by running:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

cat <<EOF > patch.yaml
status:
  conditions:
  - type: ConfigIssue
    status: "True"
    reason: "NonExistingImage"
    lastTransitionTime: "$(date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")"
EOF

Response: This text code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Second, select one of the pods created by the job by running:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl patch pod $podName --subresource=status --patch-file=patch.yaml

Response: This bash code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | If applied successfully, you will get a notification like this:

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | If applied successfully, you will get a notification like this:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

pod/job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue-k6pvp patched

Response: This text code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Delete the pod to transition it to Failed phase, by running the command:

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Delete the pod to transition it to Failed phase, by running the command:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get jobs -l job-name=job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue -o yaml

Response: This bash code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | In the Job status, see a job Failed condition with the field reason equal PodFailurePolicy. Additionally, the message field contains a more detailed information about the Job termination, such as: Pod

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | In the Job status, see a job Failed condition with the field reason equal PodFailurePolicy. Additionally, the message field contains a more detailed information about the Job termination, such as: Pod


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl delete jobs/job-pod-failure-policy-config-issue

Response: This bash code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | The cluster automatically cleans up the Pods.

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | The cluster automatically cleans up the Pods.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

/controllers/job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex
spec:
  completions: 4
  parallelism: 2
  completionMode: Indexed
  backoffLimitPerIndex: 1
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: docker.io/library/python:3
        command:
          # The script:
          # - fails the Pod with index 0 with exit code 1, which results in one retry;
          # - fails the Pod with index 1 with exit code 42 which results

Response:
          #   in failing the index without retry.
          # - succeeds Pods with any other index.
          - python3
          - -c
          - |
            import os, sys
            index = int(os.environ.get("JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX"))
            if index == 0:
              sys.exit(1)
            elif index == 1:
              sys.exit(42)
            else:
              sys.exit(0)
  backoffLimit: 6
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: FailIndex
      onExitCodes:
        containerName: main
        operator: In
        values: [42]


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

/controllers/job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex
spec:
  completions: 4
  parallelism: 2
  completionMode: Indexed
  backoffLimitPerIndex: 1
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: docker.io/library/python:3
        command:
          # The script:
          # - fails the Pod with index 0 with exit code 1, which results in one retry;
          # - fails the Pod with index 1 with exit code 42 which results
          #   in failing the index without retry.
          # - succeeds Pods with any other index.
          - python3
          - -c
          - |
            import os, sys
            index = int(os.environ.get("JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX"))
            if index == 0:
              sys.exit(1)
            elif index == 1:
              sys.exit(42)
            else:
              sys.exit(0)
  backoffLimit: 6
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: FailIndex
      onExitCodes:
        containerName: main
        operator: In
        values: [42]

Response: This yaml code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Apply the manifest:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex
spec:
  completions: 4
  parallelism: 2
  completionMode: Indexed
  backoffLimitPerIndex: 1
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: docker.io/library/python:3
        command:
          # The script:
          # - fails the Pod with index 0 with exit code 1, which results in one retry;
          # - fails the Pod with index 1 with exit code 42 which results
          #   in failing the index without retry.

Response:
          # - succeeds Pods with any other index.
          - python3
          - -c
          - |
            import os, sys
            index = int(os.environ.get("JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX"))
            if index == 0:
              sys.exit(1)
            elif index == 1:
              sys.exit(42)
            else:
              sys.exit(0)
  backoffLimit: 6
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: FailIndex
      onExitCodes:
        containerName: main
        operator: In
        values: [42]


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex
spec:
  completions: 4
  parallelism: 2
  completionMode: Indexed
  backoffLimitPerIndex: 1
  template:
    spec:
      restartPolicy: Never
      containers:
      - name: main
        image: docker.io/library/python:3
        command:
          # The script:
          # - fails the Pod with index 0 with exit code 1, which results in one retry;
          # - fails the Pod with index 1 with exit code 42 which results
          #   in failing the index without retry.
          # - succeeds Pods with any other index.
          - python3
          - -c
          - |
            import os, sys
            index = int(os.environ.get("JOB_COMPLETION_INDEX"))
            if index == 0:
              sys.exit(1)
            elif index == 1:
              sys.exit(42)
            else:
              sys.exit(0)
  backoffLimit: 6
  podFailurePolicy:
    rules:
    - action: FailIndex
      onExitCodes:
        containerName: main
        operator: In
        values: [42]

Response: This yaml code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | Apply the manifest:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl create -f https://k8s.io/examples/controllers/job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex.yaml

Response: This bash code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | After around 15 seconds, inspect the status of the Pods for the Job. You can do that by running:

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | After around 15 seconds, inspect the status of the Pods for the Job. You can do that by running:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pods -l job-name=job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex -o yaml

Response: This bash code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | You will see output similar to this:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get jobs -l job-name=job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex -o yaml

Response: This bash code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | In the Job status, see that the failedIndexes field shows "0,1", because both indexes failed. Because the index 1 was not retried the number of failed Pods, indicated by the status field "failed" equa

Context: 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | In the Job status, see that the failedIndexes field shows "0,1", because both indexes failed. Because the index 1 was not retried the number of failed Pods, indicated by the status field "failed" equa


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl delete jobs/job-backoff-limit-per-index-failindex

Response: This bash code 7 - Handling retriable and non-retriable pod failures with Pod failure policy | The cluster automatically cleans up the Pods.


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-ctr

Response:
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "100Mi"
      limits:
        memory: "200Mi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "150M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The args section in the configuration file provides arguments for the Container when it starts. The "--vm-bytes", "150M" arguments tell the Container to attempt to allocate 150 MiB of memory.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-ctr
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "100Mi"
      limits:
        memory: "200Mi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "150M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Response: This yaml code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The args section in the configuration file provides arguments for the Container when it starts. The "--vm-bytes", "150M" arguments tell the Container to attempt to allocate 150 MiB of memory.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/memory-request-limit.yaml --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Verify that the Pod Container is running:

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Verify that the Pod Container is running:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod:

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo --output=yaml --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the one Container in the Pod has a memory request of 100 MiB and a memory limit of 200 MiB.

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the one Container in the Pod has a memory request of 100 MiB and a memory limit of 200 MiB.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

...
resources:
  requests:

Response:
    memory: 100Mi
  limits:
    memory: 200Mi
...

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Run kubectl top to fetch the metrics for the pod:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

...
resources:
  requests:
    memory: 100Mi
  limits:
    memory: 200Mi
...

Response: This text code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Run kubectl top to fetch the metrics for the pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl top pod memory-demo --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Pod is using about 162,900,000 bytes of memory, which is about 150 MiB. This is greater than the Pod's 100 MiB request, but within the Pod's 200 MiB limit.

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Pod is using about 162,900,000 bytes of memory, which is about 150 MiB. This is greater than the Pod's 100 MiB request, but within the Pod's 200 MiB limit.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                        CPU(cores)   MEMORY(bytes)
memory-demo                 <something>  162856960

Response: This text code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Delete your Pod:

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Delete your Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl delete pod memory-demo --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | A Container can exceed its memory request if the Node has memory available. But a Container is not allowed to use more than its memory limit. If a Container allocates more memory than its limit, the C

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | A Container can exceed its memory request if the Node has memory available. But a Container is not allowed to use more than its memory limit. If a Container allocates more memory than its limit, the C


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo-2
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-2-ctr

Response:
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "50Mi"
      limits:
        memory: "100Mi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "250M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | In the args section of the configuration file, you can see that the Container will attempt to allocate 250 MiB of memory, which is well above the 100 MiB limit.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo-2
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-2-ctr
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "50Mi"
      limits:
        memory: "100Mi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "250M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Response: This yaml code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | In the args section of the configuration file, you can see that the Container will attempt to allocate 250 MiB of memory, which is well above the 100 MiB limit.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/memory-request-limit-2.yaml --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | At this point, the Container might be running or killed. Repeat the preceding command until the Container is killed:

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | At this point, the Container might be running or killed. Repeat the preceding command until the Container is killed:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME            READY     STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
memory-demo-2   0/1       OOMKilled   1          24s

Response: This text code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Get a more detailed view of the Container status:

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Get a more detailed view of the Container status:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-2 --output=yaml --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container was killed because it is out of memory (OOM):

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container was killed because it is out of memory (OOM):


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

lastState:
   terminated:
     containerID: 65183c1877aaec2e8427bc95609cc52677a454b56fcb24340dbd22917c23b10f

Response:
     exitCode: 137
     finishedAt: 2017-06-20T20:52:19Z
     reason: OOMKilled
     startedAt: null

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The Container in this exercise can be restarted, so the kubelet restarts it. Repeat this command several times to see that the Container is repeatedly killed and restarted:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

lastState:
   terminated:
     containerID: 65183c1877aaec2e8427bc95609cc52677a454b56fcb24340dbd22917c23b10f
     exitCode: 137
     finishedAt: 2017-06-20T20:52:19Z
     reason: OOMKilled
     startedAt: null

Response: This text code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The Container in this exercise can be restarted, so the kubelet restarts it. Repeat this command several times to see that the Container is repeatedly killed and restarted:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container is killed, restarted, killed again, restarted again, and so on:

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container is killed, restarted, killed again, restarted again, and so on:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example
NAME            READY     STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
memory-demo-2   0/1       OOMKilled   1          37s

Response: This bash code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod history:

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod history:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example
NAME            READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
memory-demo-2   1/1       Running   2          40s

Response: This bash code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod history:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl describe pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container starts and fails repeatedly:

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container starts and fails repeatedly:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

... Normal  Created   Created container with id 66a3a20aa7980e61be4922780bf9d24d1a1d8b7395c09861225b0eba1b1f8511
... Warning BackOff   Back-off restarting failed container

Response: This text code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about your cluster's Nodes:

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about your cluster's Nodes:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Warning OOMKilling Memory cgroup out of memory: Kill process 4481 (stress) score 1994 or sacrifice child

Response: This text code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Delete your Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl delete pod memory-demo-2 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Memory requests and limits are associated with Containers, but it is useful to think of a Pod as having a memory request and limit. The memory request for the Pod is the sum of the memory requests for

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Memory requests and limits are associated with Containers, but it is useful to think of a Pod as having a memory request and limit. The memory request for the Pod is the sum of the memory requests for


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo-3
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-3-ctr

Response:
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "1000Gi"
      limits:
        memory: "1000Gi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "150M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: memory-demo-3
  namespace: mem-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: memory-demo-3-ctr
    image: polinux/stress
    resources:
      requests:
        memory: "1000Gi"
      limits:
        memory: "1000Gi"
    command: ["stress"]
    args: ["--vm", "1", "--vm-bytes", "150M", "--vm-hang", "1"]

Response: This yaml code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/memory-request-limit-3.yaml --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View the Pod status:

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View the Pod status:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-3 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Pod status is PENDING. That is, the Pod is not scheduled to run on any Node, and it will remain in the PENDING state indefinitely:

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Pod status is PENDING. That is, the Pod is not scheduled to run on any Node, and it will remain in the PENDING state indefinitely:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod memory-demo-3 --namespace=mem-example
NAME            READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
memory-demo-3   0/1       Pending   0          25s

Response: This bash code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod, including events:

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod, including events:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl describe pod memory-demo-3 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container cannot be scheduled because of insufficient memory on the Nodes:

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container cannot be scheduled because of insufficient memory on the Nodes:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Events:
  ...  Reason            Message

Response:
       ------            -------
  ...  FailedScheduling  No nodes are available that match all of the following predicates:: Insufficient memory (3).

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The memory resource is measured in bytes. You can express memory as a plain integer or a fixed-point integer with one of these suffixes: E, P, T, G, M, K, Ei, Pi, Ti, Gi, Mi, Ki. For example, the foll


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Events:
  ...  Reason            Message
       ------            -------
  ...  FailedScheduling  No nodes are available that match all of the following predicates:: Insufficient memory (3).

Response: This text code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | The memory resource is measured in bytes. You can express memory as a plain integer or a fixed-point integer with one of these suffixes: E, P, T, G, M, K, Ei, Pi, Ti, Gi, Mi, Ki. For example, the foll


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl delete pod memory-demo-3 --namespace=mem-example

Response: This bash code 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | If you do not specify a memory limit for a Container, one of the following situations applies:

Context: 1 - Assign Memory Resources to Containers and Pods | If you do not specify a memory limit for a Container, one of the following situations applies:


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: cpu-demo
  namespace: cpu-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: cpu-demo-ctr

Response:
    image: vish/stress
    resources:
      limits:
        cpu: "1"
      requests:
        cpu: "0.5"
    args:
    - -cpus
    - "2"

Context: 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | The args section of the configuration file provides arguments for the container when it starts. The -cpus "2" argument tells the Container to attempt to use 2 CPUs.


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: cpu-demo
  namespace: cpu-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: cpu-demo-ctr
    image: vish/stress
    resources:
      limits:
        cpu: "1"
      requests:
        cpu: "0.5"
    args:
    - -cpus
    - "2"

Response: This yaml code 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | The args section of the configuration file provides arguments for the container when it starts. The -cpus "2" argument tells the Container to attempt to use 2 CPUs.


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/cpu-request-limit.yaml --namespace=cpu-example

Response: This bash code 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | Verify that the Pod is running:

Context: 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | Verify that the Pod is running:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl get pod cpu-demo --output=yaml --namespace=cpu-example

Response: This bash code 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the one container in the Pod has a CPU request of 500 milliCPU and a CPU limit of 1 CPU.

Context: 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the one container in the Pod has a CPU request of 500 milliCPU and a CPU limit of 1 CPU.


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

resources:
  limits:

Response:
    cpu: "1"
  requests:
    cpu: 500m

Context: 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | Use kubectl top to fetch the metrics for the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

resources:
  limits:
    cpu: "1"
  requests:
    cpu: 500m

Response: This text code 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | Use kubectl top to fetch the metrics for the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME                        CPU(cores)   MEMORY(bytes)
cpu-demo                    974m         <something>

Response: This text code 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | Recall that by setting -cpu "2", you configured the Container to attempt to use 2 CPUs, but the Container is only being allowed to use about 1 CPU. The container's CPU use is being throttled, because

Context: 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | Recall that by setting -cpu "2", you configured the Container to attempt to use 2 CPUs, but the Container is only being allowed to use about 1 CPU. The container's CPU use is being throttled, because


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl delete pod cpu-demo --namespace=cpu-example

Response: This bash code 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | CPU requests and limits are associated with Containers, but it is useful to think of a Pod as having a CPU request and limit. The CPU request for a Pod is the sum of the CPU requests for all the Conta

Context: 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | CPU requests and limits are associated with Containers, but it is useful to think of a Pod as having a CPU request and limit. The CPU request for a Pod is the sum of the CPU requests for all the Conta


Prompt:
Complete this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: cpu-demo-2
  namespace: cpu-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: cpu-demo-ctr-2

Response:
    image: vish/stress
    resources:
      limits:
        cpu: "100"
      requests:
        cpu: "100"
    args:
    - -cpus
    - "2"

Context: 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this yaml code:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: cpu-demo-2
  namespace: cpu-example
spec:
  containers:
  - name: cpu-demo-ctr-2
    image: vish/stress
    resources:
      limits:
        cpu: "100"
      requests:
        cpu: "100"
    args:
    - -cpus
    - "2"

Response: This yaml code 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | Create the Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/resource/cpu-request-limit-2.yaml --namespace=cpu-example

Response: This bash code 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | View the Pod status:

Context: 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | View the Pod status:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

NAME         READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
cpu-demo-2   0/1       Pending   0          7m

Response: This text code 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod, including events:

Context: 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | View detailed information about the Pod, including events:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl describe pod cpu-demo-2 --namespace=cpu-example

Response: This bash code 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container cannot be scheduled because of insufficient CPU resources on the Nodes:

Context: 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | The output shows that the Container cannot be scheduled because of insufficient CPU resources on the Nodes:


Prompt:
Complete this text code:

Events:
  Reason                        Message

Response:
  ------                        -------
  FailedScheduling      No nodes are available that match all of the following predicates:: Insufficient cpu (3).

Context: 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | Delete your Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

Events:
  Reason                        Message
  ------                        -------
  FailedScheduling      No nodes are available that match all of the following predicates:: Insufficient cpu (3).

Response: This text code 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | Delete your Pod:


Prompt:
Explain this bash code:

kubectl delete pod cpu-demo-2 --namespace=cpu-example

Response: This bash code 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | If you do not specify a CPU limit for a Container, then one of these situations applies:

Context: 2 - Assign CPU Resources to Containers and Pods | If you do not specify a CPU limit for a Container, then one of these situations applies:


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

* `resource.k8s.io/v1beta1`
* `resource.k8s.io/v1beta2`

Response: This text code 3.1 - Set Up DRA in a Cluster | For more information, see Enabling or disabling API groups.

Context: 3.1 - Set Up DRA in a Cluster | For more information, see Enabling or disabling API groups.


Prompt:
Explain this text code:

error: the server doesn't have a resource type "deviceclasses"

Response: This text code 3.1 - Set Up DRA in a Cluster | Try the following troubleshooting steps:

Context: 3.1 - Set Up DRA in a Cluster | Try the following troubleshooting steps: