#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# biolatpcts.py  Monitor IO latency distribution of a block device.
#
#  $ ./biolatpcts.py /dev/nvme0n1
#  nvme0n1    p1    p5   p10   p16   p25   p50   p75   p84   p90   p95   p99  p100
#  read     95us 175us 305us 515us 895us 985us 995us 1.5ms 2.5ms 3.5ms 4.5ms  10ms
#  write     5us   5us   5us  15us  25us 135us 765us 855us 885us 895us 965us 1.5ms
#  discard   5us   5us   5us   5us 135us 145us 165us 205us 385us 875us 1.5ms 2.5ms
#  flush     5us   5us   5us   5us   5us   5us   5us   5us   5us 1.5ms 4.5ms 5.5ms
#
# Copyright (C) 2020 Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
# Copyright (C) 2020 Facebook

from __future__ import print_function
from bcc import BPF
from time import sleep
from threading import Event
import argparse
import json
import sys
import os
import signal

description = """
Monitor IO latency distribution of a block device
"""

epilog = """
When interval is infinite, biolatpcts will print out result once the
initialization is complete to indicate readiness. After initialized,
biolatpcts will output whenever it receives SIGUSR1/2 and before exiting on
SIGINT, SIGTERM or SIGHUP.

SIGUSR1 starts a new period after reporting. SIGUSR2 doesn't and can be used
to monitor progress without affecting accumulation of data points. They can
be used to obtain latency distribution between two arbitrary events and
monitor progress inbetween.
"""

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description = description, epilog = epilog,
                                 formatter_class = argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)
parser.add_argument('dev', metavar='DEV', type=str,
                    help='Target block device (/dev/DEVNAME, DEVNAME or MAJ:MIN)')
parser.add_argument('-i', '--interval', type=int, default=3,
                    help='Report interval (0: exit after startup, -1: infinite)')
parser.add_argument('-w', '--which', choices=['from-rq-alloc', 'after-rq-alloc', 'on-device'],
                    default='on-device', help='Which latency to measure')
parser.add_argument('-p', '--pcts', metavar='PCT,...', type=str,
                    default='1,5,10,16,25,50,75,84,90,95,99,100',
                    help='Percentiles to calculate')
parser.add_argument('-j', '--json', action='store_true',
                    help='Output in json')
parser.add_argument('--verbose', '-v', action='count', default = 0)

bpf_source = """
#include <linux/blk_types.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/blk-mq.h>
#include <linux/time64.h>

BPF_PERCPU_ARRAY(rwdf_100ms, u64, 400);
BPF_PERCPU_ARRAY(rwdf_1ms, u64, 400);
BPF_PERCPU_ARRAY(rwdf_10us, u64, 400);

RAW_TRACEPOINT_PROBE(block_rq_complete)
{
        // TP_PROTO(struct request *rq, blk_status_t error, unsigned int nr_bytes)
        struct request *rq = (void *)ctx->args[0];
        unsigned int cmd_flags;
        u64 dur;
        size_t base, slot;

        if (!rq->__START_TIME_FIELD__)
                return 0;

        if (!rq->__RQ_DISK__ ||
            rq->__RQ_DISK__->major != __MAJOR__ ||
            rq->__RQ_DISK__->first_minor != __MINOR__)
                return 0;

        cmd_flags = rq->cmd_flags;
        switch (cmd_flags & REQ_OP_MASK) {
        case REQ_OP_READ:
                base = 0;
                break;
        case REQ_OP_WRITE:
                base = 100;
                break;
        case REQ_OP_DISCARD:
                base = 200;
                break;
        case REQ_OP_FLUSH:
                base = 300;
                break;
        default:
                return 0;
        }

        dur = bpf_ktime_get_ns() - rq->__START_TIME_FIELD__;

        slot = min_t(size_t, div_u64(dur, 100 * NSEC_PER_MSEC), 99);
        rwdf_100ms.increment(base + slot);
        if (slot)
                return 0;

        slot = min_t(size_t, div_u64(dur, NSEC_PER_MSEC), 99);
        rwdf_1ms.increment(base + slot);
        if (slot)
                return 0;

        slot = min_t(size_t, div_u64(dur, 10 * NSEC_PER_USEC), 99);
        rwdf_10us.increment(base + slot);
        return 0;
}
"""

args = parser.parse_args()
args.pcts = args.pcts.split(',')
args.pcts.sort(key=lambda x: float(x))

try:
    major = int(args.dev.split(':')[0])
    minor = int(args.dev.split(':')[1])
except Exception:
    if '/' in args.dev:
        stat = os.stat(args.dev)
    else:
        stat = os.stat('/dev/' + args.dev)

    major = os.major(stat.st_rdev)
    minor = os.minor(stat.st_rdev)

if args.which == 'from-rq-alloc':
    start_time_field = 'alloc_time_ns'
elif args.which == 'after-rq-alloc':
    start_time_field = 'start_time_ns'
elif args.which == 'on-device':
    start_time_field = 'io_start_time_ns'
else:
    print("Invalid latency measurement {}".format(args.which))
    exit()

bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__START_TIME_FIELD__', start_time_field)
bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__MAJOR__', str(major))
bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__MINOR__', str(minor))

if BPF.kernel_struct_has_field(b'request', b'rq_disk') == 1:
    bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__RQ_DISK__', 'rq_disk')
else:
    bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__RQ_DISK__', 'q->disk')

bpf = BPF(text=bpf_source)

# times are in usecs
MSEC = 1000
SEC = 1000 * 1000

cur_rwdf_100ms = bpf["rwdf_100ms"]
cur_rwdf_1ms = bpf["rwdf_1ms"]
cur_rwdf_10us = bpf["rwdf_10us"]

last_rwdf_100ms = [0] * 400
last_rwdf_1ms = [0] * 400
last_rwdf_10us = [0] * 400

rwdf_100ms = [0] * 400
rwdf_1ms = [0] * 400
rwdf_10us = [0] * 400

io_type = ["read", "write", "discard", "flush"]

def find_pct(req, total, slots, idx, counted):
    while idx > 0:
        idx -= 1
        if slots[idx] > 0:
            counted += slots[idx]
            if args.verbose > 1:
                print('idx={} counted={} pct={:.1f} req={}'
                      .format(idx, counted, counted / total, req))
            if (counted / total) * 100 >= 100 - req:
                break
    return (idx, counted)

def calc_lat_pct(req_pcts, total, lat_100ms, lat_1ms, lat_10us):
    pcts = [0] * len(req_pcts)

    if total == 0:
        return pcts

    data = [(100 * MSEC, lat_100ms), (MSEC, lat_1ms), (10, lat_10us)]
    data_sel = 0
    idx = 100
    counted = 0

    for pct_idx in reversed(range(len(req_pcts))):
        req = float(req_pcts[pct_idx])
        while True:
            last_counted = counted
            (gran, slots) = data[data_sel]
            (idx, counted) = find_pct(req, total, slots, idx, counted)
            if args.verbose > 1:
                print('pct_idx={} req={} gran={} idx={} counted={} total={}'
                      .format(pct_idx, req, gran, idx, counted, total))
            if idx > 0 or data_sel == len(data) - 1:
                break
            counted = last_counted
            data_sel += 1
            idx = 100

        pcts[pct_idx] = gran * idx + gran / 2

    return pcts

def format_usec(lat):
    if lat > SEC:
        return '{:.1f}s'.format(lat / SEC)
    elif lat > 10 * MSEC:
        return '{:.0f}ms'.format(lat / MSEC)
    elif lat > MSEC:
        return '{:.1f}ms'.format(lat / MSEC)
    elif lat > 0:
        return '{:.0f}us'.format(lat)
    else:
        return '-'

# 0 interval can be used to test whether this script would run successfully.
if args.interval == 0:
    sys.exit(0)

# Set up signal handling so that we print the result on USR1/2 and before
# exiting on a signal. Combined with infinite interval, this can be used to
# obtain overall latency distribution between two events. On USR2 the
# accumulated counters are cleared too, which can be used to define
# arbitrary intervals.
force_update_last_rwdf = False
keep_running = True
result_req = Event()
def sig_handler(sig, frame):
    global keep_running, force_update_last_rwdf, result_req
    if sig == signal.SIGUSR1:
        force_update_last_rwdf = True
    elif sig != signal.SIGUSR2:
        keep_running = False
    result_req.set()

for sig in (signal.SIGUSR1, signal.SIGUSR2, signal.SIGINT, signal.SIGTERM, signal.SIGHUP):
    signal.signal(sig, sig_handler)

# If infinite interval, always trigger the first output so that the caller
# can tell when initialization is complete.
if args.interval < 0:
    result_req.set();

while keep_running:
    result_req.wait(args.interval if args.interval > 0 else None)
    result_req.clear()

    update_last_rwdf = args.interval > 0 or force_update_last_rwdf
    force_update_last_rwdf = False
    rwdf_total = [0] * 4;

    for i in range(400):
        v = cur_rwdf_100ms.sum(i).value
        rwdf_100ms[i] = max(v - last_rwdf_100ms[i], 0)
        if update_last_rwdf:
            last_rwdf_100ms[i] = v

        v = cur_rwdf_1ms.sum(i).value
        rwdf_1ms[i] = max(v - last_rwdf_1ms[i], 0)
        if update_last_rwdf:
            last_rwdf_1ms[i] = v

        v = cur_rwdf_10us.sum(i).value
        rwdf_10us[i] = max(v - last_rwdf_10us[i], 0)
        if update_last_rwdf:
            last_rwdf_10us[i] = v

        rwdf_total[int(i / 100)] += rwdf_100ms[i]

    rwdf_lat = []
    for i in range(4):
        left = i * 100
        right = left + 100
        rwdf_lat.append(
            calc_lat_pct(args.pcts, rwdf_total[i],
                         rwdf_100ms[left:right],
                         rwdf_1ms[left:right],
                         rwdf_10us[left:right]))

        if args.verbose:
            print('{:7} 100ms {}'.format(io_type[i], rwdf_100ms[left:right]))
            print('{:7}   1ms {}'.format(io_type[i], rwdf_1ms[left:right]))
            print('{:7}  10us {}'.format(io_type[i], rwdf_10us[left:right]))

    if args.json:
        result = {}
        for iot in range(4):
            lats = {}
            for pi in range(len(args.pcts)):
                lats[args.pcts[pi]] = rwdf_lat[iot][pi] / SEC
            result[io_type[iot]] = lats
        print(json.dumps(result), flush=True)
    else:
        print('\n{:<7}'.format(os.path.basename(args.dev)), end='')
        widths = []
        for pct in args.pcts:
            widths.append(max(len(pct), 5))
            print(' {:>5}'.format(pct), end='')
        print()
        for iot in range(4):
            print('{:7}'.format(io_type[iot]), end='')
            for pi in range(len(rwdf_lat[iot])):
                print(' {:>{}}'.format(format_usec(rwdf_lat[iot][pi]), widths[pi]), end='')
            print()

cc9cdc95e69a9e7a7de30deea1c12eee185dbe8f
<mask token>


def find_pct(req, total, slots, idx, counted):
    while idx > 0:
        idx -= 1
        if slots[idx] > 0:
            counted += slots[idx]
            if args.verbose > 1:
                print('idx={} counted={} pct={:.1f} req={}'.format(idx,
                    counted, counted / total, req))
            if counted / total * 100 >= 100 - req:
                break
    return idx, counted


def calc_lat_pct(req_pcts, total, lat_100ms, lat_1ms, lat_10us):
    pcts = [0] * len(req_pcts)
    if total == 0:
        return pcts
    data = [(100 * MSEC, lat_100ms), (MSEC, lat_1ms), (10, lat_10us)]
    data_sel = 0
    idx = 100
    counted = 0
    for pct_idx in reversed(range(len(req_pcts))):
        req = float(req_pcts[pct_idx])
        while True:
            last_counted = counted
            gran, slots = data[data_sel]
            idx, counted = find_pct(req, total, slots, idx, counted)
            if args.verbose > 1:
                print('pct_idx={} req={} gran={} idx={} counted={} total={}'
                    .format(pct_idx, req, gran, idx, counted, total))
            if idx > 0 or data_sel == len(data) - 1:
                break
            counted = last_counted
            data_sel += 1
            idx = 100
        pcts[pct_idx] = gran * idx + gran / 2
    return pcts


def format_usec(lat):
    if lat > SEC:
        return '{:.1f}s'.format(lat / SEC)
    elif lat > 10 * MSEC:
        return '{:.0f}ms'.format(lat / MSEC)
    elif lat > MSEC:
        return '{:.1f}ms'.format(lat / MSEC)
    elif lat > 0:
        return '{:.0f}us'.format(lat)
    else:
        return '-'


<mask token>


def sig_handler(sig, frame):
    global keep_running, force_update_last_rwdf, result_req
    if sig == signal.SIGUSR1:
        force_update_last_rwdf = True
    elif sig != signal.SIGUSR2:
        keep_running = False
    result_req.set()


<mask token>

<mask token>
parser.add_argument('dev', metavar='DEV', type=str, help=
    'Target block device (/dev/DEVNAME, DEVNAME or MAJ:MIN)')
parser.add_argument('-i', '--interval', type=int, default=3, help=
    'Report interval (0: exit after startup, -1: infinite)')
parser.add_argument('-w', '--which', choices=['from-rq-alloc',
    'after-rq-alloc', 'on-device'], default='on-device', help=
    'Which latency to measure')
parser.add_argument('-p', '--pcts', metavar='PCT,...', type=str, default=
    '1,5,10,16,25,50,75,84,90,95,99,100', help='Percentiles to calculate')
parser.add_argument('-j', '--json', action='store_true', help='Output in json')
parser.add_argument('--verbose', '-v', action='count', default=0)
<mask token>
args.pcts.sort(key=lambda x: float(x))
try:
    major = int(args.dev.split(':')[0])
    minor = int(args.dev.split(':')[1])
except Exception:
    if '/' in args.dev:
        stat = os.stat(args.dev)
    else:
        stat = os.stat('/dev/' + args.dev)
    major = os.major(stat.st_rdev)
    minor = os.minor(stat.st_rdev)
if args.which == 'from-rq-alloc':
    start_time_field = 'alloc_time_ns'
elif args.which == 'after-rq-alloc':
    start_time_field = 'start_time_ns'
elif args.which == 'on-device':
    start_time_field = 'io_start_time_ns'
else:
    print('Invalid latency measurement {}'.format(args.which))
    exit()
<mask token>
if BPF.kernel_struct_has_field(b'request', b'rq_disk') == 1:
    bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__RQ_DISK__', 'rq_disk')
else:
    bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__RQ_DISK__', 'q->disk')
<mask token>


def find_pct(req, total, slots, idx, counted):
    while idx > 0:
        idx -= 1
        if slots[idx] > 0:
            counted += slots[idx]
            if args.verbose > 1:
                print('idx={} counted={} pct={:.1f} req={}'.format(idx,
                    counted, counted / total, req))
            if counted / total * 100 >= 100 - req:
                break
    return idx, counted


def calc_lat_pct(req_pcts, total, lat_100ms, lat_1ms, lat_10us):
    pcts = [0] * len(req_pcts)
    if total == 0:
        return pcts
    data = [(100 * MSEC, lat_100ms), (MSEC, lat_1ms), (10, lat_10us)]
    data_sel = 0
    idx = 100
    counted = 0
    for pct_idx in reversed(range(len(req_pcts))):
        req = float(req_pcts[pct_idx])
        while True:
            last_counted = counted
            gran, slots = data[data_sel]
            idx, counted = find_pct(req, total, slots, idx, counted)
            if args.verbose > 1:
                print('pct_idx={} req={} gran={} idx={} counted={} total={}'
                    .format(pct_idx, req, gran, idx, counted, total))
            if idx > 0 or data_sel == len(data) - 1:
                break
            counted = last_counted
            data_sel += 1
            idx = 100
        pcts[pct_idx] = gran * idx + gran / 2
    return pcts


def format_usec(lat):
    if lat > SEC:
        return '{:.1f}s'.format(lat / SEC)
    elif lat > 10 * MSEC:
        return '{:.0f}ms'.format(lat / MSEC)
    elif lat > MSEC:
        return '{:.1f}ms'.format(lat / MSEC)
    elif lat > 0:
        return '{:.0f}us'.format(lat)
    else:
        return '-'


if args.interval == 0:
    sys.exit(0)
<mask token>


def sig_handler(sig, frame):
    global keep_running, force_update_last_rwdf, result_req
    if sig == signal.SIGUSR1:
        force_update_last_rwdf = True
    elif sig != signal.SIGUSR2:
        keep_running = False
    result_req.set()


for sig in (signal.SIGUSR1, signal.SIGUSR2, signal.SIGINT, signal.SIGTERM,
    signal.SIGHUP):
    signal.signal(sig, sig_handler)
if args.interval < 0:
    result_req.set()
while keep_running:
    result_req.wait(args.interval if args.interval > 0 else None)
    result_req.clear()
    update_last_rwdf = args.interval > 0 or force_update_last_rwdf
    force_update_last_rwdf = False
    rwdf_total = [0] * 4
    for i in range(400):
        v = cur_rwdf_100ms.sum(i).value
        rwdf_100ms[i] = max(v - last_rwdf_100ms[i], 0)
        if update_last_rwdf:
            last_rwdf_100ms[i] = v
        v = cur_rwdf_1ms.sum(i).value
        rwdf_1ms[i] = max(v - last_rwdf_1ms[i], 0)
        if update_last_rwdf:
            last_rwdf_1ms[i] = v
        v = cur_rwdf_10us.sum(i).value
        rwdf_10us[i] = max(v - last_rwdf_10us[i], 0)
        if update_last_rwdf:
            last_rwdf_10us[i] = v
        rwdf_total[int(i / 100)] += rwdf_100ms[i]
    rwdf_lat = []
    for i in range(4):
        left = i * 100
        right = left + 100
        rwdf_lat.append(calc_lat_pct(args.pcts, rwdf_total[i], rwdf_100ms[
            left:right], rwdf_1ms[left:right], rwdf_10us[left:right]))
        if args.verbose:
            print('{:7} 100ms {}'.format(io_type[i], rwdf_100ms[left:right]))
            print('{:7}   1ms {}'.format(io_type[i], rwdf_1ms[left:right]))
            print('{:7}  10us {}'.format(io_type[i], rwdf_10us[left:right]))
    if args.json:
        result = {}
        for iot in range(4):
            lats = {}
            for pi in range(len(args.pcts)):
                lats[args.pcts[pi]] = rwdf_lat[iot][pi] / SEC
            result[io_type[iot]] = lats
        print(json.dumps(result), flush=True)
    else:
        print('\n{:<7}'.format(os.path.basename(args.dev)), end='')
        widths = []
        for pct in args.pcts:
            widths.append(max(len(pct), 5))
            print(' {:>5}'.format(pct), end='')
        print()
        for iot in range(4):
            print('{:7}'.format(io_type[iot]), end='')
            for pi in range(len(rwdf_lat[iot])):
                print(' {:>{}}'.format(format_usec(rwdf_lat[iot][pi]),
                    widths[pi]), end='')
            print()

<mask token>
description = """
Monitor IO latency distribution of a block device
"""
epilog = """
When interval is infinite, biolatpcts will print out result once the
initialization is complete to indicate readiness. After initialized,
biolatpcts will output whenever it receives SIGUSR1/2 and before exiting on
SIGINT, SIGTERM or SIGHUP.

SIGUSR1 starts a new period after reporting. SIGUSR2 doesn't and can be used
to monitor progress without affecting accumulation of data points. They can
be used to obtain latency distribution between two arbitrary events and
monitor progress inbetween.
"""
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=description, epilog=epilog,
    formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)
parser.add_argument('dev', metavar='DEV', type=str, help=
    'Target block device (/dev/DEVNAME, DEVNAME or MAJ:MIN)')
parser.add_argument('-i', '--interval', type=int, default=3, help=
    'Report interval (0: exit after startup, -1: infinite)')
parser.add_argument('-w', '--which', choices=['from-rq-alloc',
    'after-rq-alloc', 'on-device'], default='on-device', help=
    'Which latency to measure')
parser.add_argument('-p', '--pcts', metavar='PCT,...', type=str, default=
    '1,5,10,16,25,50,75,84,90,95,99,100', help='Percentiles to calculate')
parser.add_argument('-j', '--json', action='store_true', help='Output in json')
parser.add_argument('--verbose', '-v', action='count', default=0)
bpf_source = """
#include <linux/blk_types.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/blk-mq.h>
#include <linux/time64.h>

BPF_PERCPU_ARRAY(rwdf_100ms, u64, 400);
BPF_PERCPU_ARRAY(rwdf_1ms, u64, 400);
BPF_PERCPU_ARRAY(rwdf_10us, u64, 400);

RAW_TRACEPOINT_PROBE(block_rq_complete)
{
        // TP_PROTO(struct request *rq, blk_status_t error, unsigned int nr_bytes)
        struct request *rq = (void *)ctx->args[0];
        unsigned int cmd_flags;
        u64 dur;
        size_t base, slot;

        if (!rq->__START_TIME_FIELD__)
                return 0;

        if (!rq->__RQ_DISK__ ||
            rq->__RQ_DISK__->major != __MAJOR__ ||
            rq->__RQ_DISK__->first_minor != __MINOR__)
                return 0;

        cmd_flags = rq->cmd_flags;
        switch (cmd_flags & REQ_OP_MASK) {
        case REQ_OP_READ:
                base = 0;
                break;
        case REQ_OP_WRITE:
                base = 100;
                break;
        case REQ_OP_DISCARD:
                base = 200;
                break;
        case REQ_OP_FLUSH:
                base = 300;
                break;
        default:
                return 0;
        }

        dur = bpf_ktime_get_ns() - rq->__START_TIME_FIELD__;

        slot = min_t(size_t, div_u64(dur, 100 * NSEC_PER_MSEC), 99);
        rwdf_100ms.increment(base + slot);
        if (slot)
                return 0;

        slot = min_t(size_t, div_u64(dur, NSEC_PER_MSEC), 99);
        rwdf_1ms.increment(base + slot);
        if (slot)
                return 0;

        slot = min_t(size_t, div_u64(dur, 10 * NSEC_PER_USEC), 99);
        rwdf_10us.increment(base + slot);
        return 0;
}
"""
args = parser.parse_args()
args.pcts = args.pcts.split(',')
args.pcts.sort(key=lambda x: float(x))
try:
    major = int(args.dev.split(':')[0])
    minor = int(args.dev.split(':')[1])
except Exception:
    if '/' in args.dev:
        stat = os.stat(args.dev)
    else:
        stat = os.stat('/dev/' + args.dev)
    major = os.major(stat.st_rdev)
    minor = os.minor(stat.st_rdev)
if args.which == 'from-rq-alloc':
    start_time_field = 'alloc_time_ns'
elif args.which == 'after-rq-alloc':
    start_time_field = 'start_time_ns'
elif args.which == 'on-device':
    start_time_field = 'io_start_time_ns'
else:
    print('Invalid latency measurement {}'.format(args.which))
    exit()
bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__START_TIME_FIELD__', start_time_field)
bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__MAJOR__', str(major))
bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__MINOR__', str(minor))
if BPF.kernel_struct_has_field(b'request', b'rq_disk') == 1:
    bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__RQ_DISK__', 'rq_disk')
else:
    bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__RQ_DISK__', 'q->disk')
bpf = BPF(text=bpf_source)
MSEC = 1000
SEC = 1000 * 1000
cur_rwdf_100ms = bpf['rwdf_100ms']
cur_rwdf_1ms = bpf['rwdf_1ms']
cur_rwdf_10us = bpf['rwdf_10us']
last_rwdf_100ms = [0] * 400
last_rwdf_1ms = [0] * 400
last_rwdf_10us = [0] * 400
rwdf_100ms = [0] * 400
rwdf_1ms = [0] * 400
rwdf_10us = [0] * 400
io_type = ['read', 'write', 'discard', 'flush']


def find_pct(req, total, slots, idx, counted):
    while idx > 0:
        idx -= 1
        if slots[idx] > 0:
            counted += slots[idx]
            if args.verbose > 1:
                print('idx={} counted={} pct={:.1f} req={}'.format(idx,
                    counted, counted / total, req))
            if counted / total * 100 >= 100 - req:
                break
    return idx, counted


def calc_lat_pct(req_pcts, total, lat_100ms, lat_1ms, lat_10us):
    pcts = [0] * len(req_pcts)
    if total == 0:
        return pcts
    data = [(100 * MSEC, lat_100ms), (MSEC, lat_1ms), (10, lat_10us)]
    data_sel = 0
    idx = 100
    counted = 0
    for pct_idx in reversed(range(len(req_pcts))):
        req = float(req_pcts[pct_idx])
        while True:
            last_counted = counted
            gran, slots = data[data_sel]
            idx, counted = find_pct(req, total, slots, idx, counted)
            if args.verbose > 1:
                print('pct_idx={} req={} gran={} idx={} counted={} total={}'
                    .format(pct_idx, req, gran, idx, counted, total))
            if idx > 0 or data_sel == len(data) - 1:
                break
            counted = last_counted
            data_sel += 1
            idx = 100
        pcts[pct_idx] = gran * idx + gran / 2
    return pcts


def format_usec(lat):
    if lat > SEC:
        return '{:.1f}s'.format(lat / SEC)
    elif lat > 10 * MSEC:
        return '{:.0f}ms'.format(lat / MSEC)
    elif lat > MSEC:
        return '{:.1f}ms'.format(lat / MSEC)
    elif lat > 0:
        return '{:.0f}us'.format(lat)
    else:
        return '-'


if args.interval == 0:
    sys.exit(0)
force_update_last_rwdf = False
keep_running = True
result_req = Event()


def sig_handler(sig, frame):
    global keep_running, force_update_last_rwdf, result_req
    if sig == signal.SIGUSR1:
        force_update_last_rwdf = True
    elif sig != signal.SIGUSR2:
        keep_running = False
    result_req.set()


for sig in (signal.SIGUSR1, signal.SIGUSR2, signal.SIGINT, signal.SIGTERM,
    signal.SIGHUP):
    signal.signal(sig, sig_handler)
if args.interval < 0:
    result_req.set()
while keep_running:
    result_req.wait(args.interval if args.interval > 0 else None)
    result_req.clear()
    update_last_rwdf = args.interval > 0 or force_update_last_rwdf
    force_update_last_rwdf = False
    rwdf_total = [0] * 4
    for i in range(400):
        v = cur_rwdf_100ms.sum(i).value
        rwdf_100ms[i] = max(v - last_rwdf_100ms[i], 0)
        if update_last_rwdf:
            last_rwdf_100ms[i] = v
        v = cur_rwdf_1ms.sum(i).value
        rwdf_1ms[i] = max(v - last_rwdf_1ms[i], 0)
        if update_last_rwdf:
            last_rwdf_1ms[i] = v
        v = cur_rwdf_10us.sum(i).value
        rwdf_10us[i] = max(v - last_rwdf_10us[i], 0)
        if update_last_rwdf:
            last_rwdf_10us[i] = v
        rwdf_total[int(i / 100)] += rwdf_100ms[i]
    rwdf_lat = []
    for i in range(4):
        left = i * 100
        right = left + 100
        rwdf_lat.append(calc_lat_pct(args.pcts, rwdf_total[i], rwdf_100ms[
            left:right], rwdf_1ms[left:right], rwdf_10us[left:right]))
        if args.verbose:
            print('{:7} 100ms {}'.format(io_type[i], rwdf_100ms[left:right]))
            print('{:7}   1ms {}'.format(io_type[i], rwdf_1ms[left:right]))
            print('{:7}  10us {}'.format(io_type[i], rwdf_10us[left:right]))
    if args.json:
        result = {}
        for iot in range(4):
            lats = {}
            for pi in range(len(args.pcts)):
                lats[args.pcts[pi]] = rwdf_lat[iot][pi] / SEC
            result[io_type[iot]] = lats
        print(json.dumps(result), flush=True)
    else:
        print('\n{:<7}'.format(os.path.basename(args.dev)), end='')
        widths = []
        for pct in args.pcts:
            widths.append(max(len(pct), 5))
            print(' {:>5}'.format(pct), end='')
        print()
        for iot in range(4):
            print('{:7}'.format(io_type[iot]), end='')
            for pi in range(len(rwdf_lat[iot])):
                print(' {:>{}}'.format(format_usec(rwdf_lat[iot][pi]),
                    widths[pi]), end='')
            print()

from __future__ import print_function
from bcc import BPF
from time import sleep
from threading import Event
import argparse
import json
import sys
import os
import signal
description = """
Monitor IO latency distribution of a block device
"""
epilog = """
When interval is infinite, biolatpcts will print out result once the
initialization is complete to indicate readiness. After initialized,
biolatpcts will output whenever it receives SIGUSR1/2 and before exiting on
SIGINT, SIGTERM or SIGHUP.

SIGUSR1 starts a new period after reporting. SIGUSR2 doesn't and can be used
to monitor progress without affecting accumulation of data points. They can
be used to obtain latency distribution between two arbitrary events and
monitor progress inbetween.
"""
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=description, epilog=epilog,
    formatter_class=argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)
parser.add_argument('dev', metavar='DEV', type=str, help=
    'Target block device (/dev/DEVNAME, DEVNAME or MAJ:MIN)')
parser.add_argument('-i', '--interval', type=int, default=3, help=
    'Report interval (0: exit after startup, -1: infinite)')
parser.add_argument('-w', '--which', choices=['from-rq-alloc',
    'after-rq-alloc', 'on-device'], default='on-device', help=
    'Which latency to measure')
parser.add_argument('-p', '--pcts', metavar='PCT,...', type=str, default=
    '1,5,10,16,25,50,75,84,90,95,99,100', help='Percentiles to calculate')
parser.add_argument('-j', '--json', action='store_true', help='Output in json')
parser.add_argument('--verbose', '-v', action='count', default=0)
bpf_source = """
#include <linux/blk_types.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/blk-mq.h>
#include <linux/time64.h>

BPF_PERCPU_ARRAY(rwdf_100ms, u64, 400);
BPF_PERCPU_ARRAY(rwdf_1ms, u64, 400);
BPF_PERCPU_ARRAY(rwdf_10us, u64, 400);

RAW_TRACEPOINT_PROBE(block_rq_complete)
{
        // TP_PROTO(struct request *rq, blk_status_t error, unsigned int nr_bytes)
        struct request *rq = (void *)ctx->args[0];
        unsigned int cmd_flags;
        u64 dur;
        size_t base, slot;

        if (!rq->__START_TIME_FIELD__)
                return 0;

        if (!rq->__RQ_DISK__ ||
            rq->__RQ_DISK__->major != __MAJOR__ ||
            rq->__RQ_DISK__->first_minor != __MINOR__)
                return 0;

        cmd_flags = rq->cmd_flags;
        switch (cmd_flags & REQ_OP_MASK) {
        case REQ_OP_READ:
                base = 0;
                break;
        case REQ_OP_WRITE:
                base = 100;
                break;
        case REQ_OP_DISCARD:
                base = 200;
                break;
        case REQ_OP_FLUSH:
                base = 300;
                break;
        default:
                return 0;
        }

        dur = bpf_ktime_get_ns() - rq->__START_TIME_FIELD__;

        slot = min_t(size_t, div_u64(dur, 100 * NSEC_PER_MSEC), 99);
        rwdf_100ms.increment(base + slot);
        if (slot)
                return 0;

        slot = min_t(size_t, div_u64(dur, NSEC_PER_MSEC), 99);
        rwdf_1ms.increment(base + slot);
        if (slot)
                return 0;

        slot = min_t(size_t, div_u64(dur, 10 * NSEC_PER_USEC), 99);
        rwdf_10us.increment(base + slot);
        return 0;
}
"""
args = parser.parse_args()
args.pcts = args.pcts.split(',')
args.pcts.sort(key=lambda x: float(x))
try:
    major = int(args.dev.split(':')[0])
    minor = int(args.dev.split(':')[1])
except Exception:
    if '/' in args.dev:
        stat = os.stat(args.dev)
    else:
        stat = os.stat('/dev/' + args.dev)
    major = os.major(stat.st_rdev)
    minor = os.minor(stat.st_rdev)
if args.which == 'from-rq-alloc':
    start_time_field = 'alloc_time_ns'
elif args.which == 'after-rq-alloc':
    start_time_field = 'start_time_ns'
elif args.which == 'on-device':
    start_time_field = 'io_start_time_ns'
else:
    print('Invalid latency measurement {}'.format(args.which))
    exit()
bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__START_TIME_FIELD__', start_time_field)
bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__MAJOR__', str(major))
bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__MINOR__', str(minor))
if BPF.kernel_struct_has_field(b'request', b'rq_disk') == 1:
    bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__RQ_DISK__', 'rq_disk')
else:
    bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__RQ_DISK__', 'q->disk')
bpf = BPF(text=bpf_source)
MSEC = 1000
SEC = 1000 * 1000
cur_rwdf_100ms = bpf['rwdf_100ms']
cur_rwdf_1ms = bpf['rwdf_1ms']
cur_rwdf_10us = bpf['rwdf_10us']
last_rwdf_100ms = [0] * 400
last_rwdf_1ms = [0] * 400
last_rwdf_10us = [0] * 400
rwdf_100ms = [0] * 400
rwdf_1ms = [0] * 400
rwdf_10us = [0] * 400
io_type = ['read', 'write', 'discard', 'flush']


def find_pct(req, total, slots, idx, counted):
    while idx > 0:
        idx -= 1
        if slots[idx] > 0:
            counted += slots[idx]
            if args.verbose > 1:
                print('idx={} counted={} pct={:.1f} req={}'.format(idx,
                    counted, counted / total, req))
            if counted / total * 100 >= 100 - req:
                break
    return idx, counted


def calc_lat_pct(req_pcts, total, lat_100ms, lat_1ms, lat_10us):
    pcts = [0] * len(req_pcts)
    if total == 0:
        return pcts
    data = [(100 * MSEC, lat_100ms), (MSEC, lat_1ms), (10, lat_10us)]
    data_sel = 0
    idx = 100
    counted = 0
    for pct_idx in reversed(range(len(req_pcts))):
        req = float(req_pcts[pct_idx])
        while True:
            last_counted = counted
            gran, slots = data[data_sel]
            idx, counted = find_pct(req, total, slots, idx, counted)
            if args.verbose > 1:
                print('pct_idx={} req={} gran={} idx={} counted={} total={}'
                    .format(pct_idx, req, gran, idx, counted, total))
            if idx > 0 or data_sel == len(data) - 1:
                break
            counted = last_counted
            data_sel += 1
            idx = 100
        pcts[pct_idx] = gran * idx + gran / 2
    return pcts


def format_usec(lat):
    if lat > SEC:
        return '{:.1f}s'.format(lat / SEC)
    elif lat > 10 * MSEC:
        return '{:.0f}ms'.format(lat / MSEC)
    elif lat > MSEC:
        return '{:.1f}ms'.format(lat / MSEC)
    elif lat > 0:
        return '{:.0f}us'.format(lat)
    else:
        return '-'


if args.interval == 0:
    sys.exit(0)
force_update_last_rwdf = False
keep_running = True
result_req = Event()


def sig_handler(sig, frame):
    global keep_running, force_update_last_rwdf, result_req
    if sig == signal.SIGUSR1:
        force_update_last_rwdf = True
    elif sig != signal.SIGUSR2:
        keep_running = False
    result_req.set()


for sig in (signal.SIGUSR1, signal.SIGUSR2, signal.SIGINT, signal.SIGTERM,
    signal.SIGHUP):
    signal.signal(sig, sig_handler)
if args.interval < 0:
    result_req.set()
while keep_running:
    result_req.wait(args.interval if args.interval > 0 else None)
    result_req.clear()
    update_last_rwdf = args.interval > 0 or force_update_last_rwdf
    force_update_last_rwdf = False
    rwdf_total = [0] * 4
    for i in range(400):
        v = cur_rwdf_100ms.sum(i).value
        rwdf_100ms[i] = max(v - last_rwdf_100ms[i], 0)
        if update_last_rwdf:
            last_rwdf_100ms[i] = v
        v = cur_rwdf_1ms.sum(i).value
        rwdf_1ms[i] = max(v - last_rwdf_1ms[i], 0)
        if update_last_rwdf:
            last_rwdf_1ms[i] = v
        v = cur_rwdf_10us.sum(i).value
        rwdf_10us[i] = max(v - last_rwdf_10us[i], 0)
        if update_last_rwdf:
            last_rwdf_10us[i] = v
        rwdf_total[int(i / 100)] += rwdf_100ms[i]
    rwdf_lat = []
    for i in range(4):
        left = i * 100
        right = left + 100
        rwdf_lat.append(calc_lat_pct(args.pcts, rwdf_total[i], rwdf_100ms[
            left:right], rwdf_1ms[left:right], rwdf_10us[left:right]))
        if args.verbose:
            print('{:7} 100ms {}'.format(io_type[i], rwdf_100ms[left:right]))
            print('{:7}   1ms {}'.format(io_type[i], rwdf_1ms[left:right]))
            print('{:7}  10us {}'.format(io_type[i], rwdf_10us[left:right]))
    if args.json:
        result = {}
        for iot in range(4):
            lats = {}
            for pi in range(len(args.pcts)):
                lats[args.pcts[pi]] = rwdf_lat[iot][pi] / SEC
            result[io_type[iot]] = lats
        print(json.dumps(result), flush=True)
    else:
        print('\n{:<7}'.format(os.path.basename(args.dev)), end='')
        widths = []
        for pct in args.pcts:
            widths.append(max(len(pct), 5))
            print(' {:>5}'.format(pct), end='')
        print()
        for iot in range(4):
            print('{:7}'.format(io_type[iot]), end='')
            for pi in range(len(rwdf_lat[iot])):
                print(' {:>{}}'.format(format_usec(rwdf_lat[iot][pi]),
                    widths[pi]), end='')
            print()

#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# biolatpcts.py  Monitor IO latency distribution of a block device.
#
#  $ ./biolatpcts.py /dev/nvme0n1
#  nvme0n1    p1    p5   p10   p16   p25   p50   p75   p84   p90   p95   p99  p100
#  read     95us 175us 305us 515us 895us 985us 995us 1.5ms 2.5ms 3.5ms 4.5ms  10ms
#  write     5us   5us   5us  15us  25us 135us 765us 855us 885us 895us 965us 1.5ms
#  discard   5us   5us   5us   5us 135us 145us 165us 205us 385us 875us 1.5ms 2.5ms
#  flush     5us   5us   5us   5us   5us   5us   5us   5us   5us 1.5ms 4.5ms 5.5ms
#
# Copyright (C) 2020 Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
# Copyright (C) 2020 Facebook

from __future__ import print_function
from bcc import BPF
from time import sleep
from threading import Event
import argparse
import json
import sys
import os
import signal

description = """
Monitor IO latency distribution of a block device
"""

epilog = """
When interval is infinite, biolatpcts will print out result once the
initialization is complete to indicate readiness. After initialized,
biolatpcts will output whenever it receives SIGUSR1/2 and before exiting on
SIGINT, SIGTERM or SIGHUP.

SIGUSR1 starts a new period after reporting. SIGUSR2 doesn't and can be used
to monitor progress without affecting accumulation of data points. They can
be used to obtain latency distribution between two arbitrary events and
monitor progress inbetween.
"""

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description = description, epilog = epilog,
                                 formatter_class = argparse.ArgumentDefaultsHelpFormatter)
parser.add_argument('dev', metavar='DEV', type=str,
                    help='Target block device (/dev/DEVNAME, DEVNAME or MAJ:MIN)')
parser.add_argument('-i', '--interval', type=int, default=3,
                    help='Report interval (0: exit after startup, -1: infinite)')
parser.add_argument('-w', '--which', choices=['from-rq-alloc', 'after-rq-alloc', 'on-device'],
                    default='on-device', help='Which latency to measure')
parser.add_argument('-p', '--pcts', metavar='PCT,...', type=str,
                    default='1,5,10,16,25,50,75,84,90,95,99,100',
                    help='Percentiles to calculate')
parser.add_argument('-j', '--json', action='store_true',
                    help='Output in json')
parser.add_argument('--verbose', '-v', action='count', default = 0)

bpf_source = """
#include <linux/blk_types.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/blk-mq.h>
#include <linux/time64.h>

BPF_PERCPU_ARRAY(rwdf_100ms, u64, 400);
BPF_PERCPU_ARRAY(rwdf_1ms, u64, 400);
BPF_PERCPU_ARRAY(rwdf_10us, u64, 400);

RAW_TRACEPOINT_PROBE(block_rq_complete)
{
        // TP_PROTO(struct request *rq, blk_status_t error, unsigned int nr_bytes)
        struct request *rq = (void *)ctx->args[0];
        unsigned int cmd_flags;
        u64 dur;
        size_t base, slot;

        if (!rq->__START_TIME_FIELD__)
                return 0;

        if (!rq->__RQ_DISK__ ||
            rq->__RQ_DISK__->major != __MAJOR__ ||
            rq->__RQ_DISK__->first_minor != __MINOR__)
                return 0;

        cmd_flags = rq->cmd_flags;
        switch (cmd_flags & REQ_OP_MASK) {
        case REQ_OP_READ:
                base = 0;
                break;
        case REQ_OP_WRITE:
                base = 100;
                break;
        case REQ_OP_DISCARD:
                base = 200;
                break;
        case REQ_OP_FLUSH:
                base = 300;
                break;
        default:
                return 0;
        }

        dur = bpf_ktime_get_ns() - rq->__START_TIME_FIELD__;

        slot = min_t(size_t, div_u64(dur, 100 * NSEC_PER_MSEC), 99);
        rwdf_100ms.increment(base + slot);
        if (slot)
                return 0;

        slot = min_t(size_t, div_u64(dur, NSEC_PER_MSEC), 99);
        rwdf_1ms.increment(base + slot);
        if (slot)
                return 0;

        slot = min_t(size_t, div_u64(dur, 10 * NSEC_PER_USEC), 99);
        rwdf_10us.increment(base + slot);
        return 0;
}
"""

args = parser.parse_args()
args.pcts = args.pcts.split(',')
args.pcts.sort(key=lambda x: float(x))

try:
    major = int(args.dev.split(':')[0])
    minor = int(args.dev.split(':')[1])
except Exception:
    if '/' in args.dev:
        stat = os.stat(args.dev)
    else:
        stat = os.stat('/dev/' + args.dev)

    major = os.major(stat.st_rdev)
    minor = os.minor(stat.st_rdev)

if args.which == 'from-rq-alloc':
    start_time_field = 'alloc_time_ns'
elif args.which == 'after-rq-alloc':
    start_time_field = 'start_time_ns'
elif args.which == 'on-device':
    start_time_field = 'io_start_time_ns'
else:
    print("Invalid latency measurement {}".format(args.which))
    exit()

bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__START_TIME_FIELD__', start_time_field)
bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__MAJOR__', str(major))
bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__MINOR__', str(minor))

if BPF.kernel_struct_has_field(b'request', b'rq_disk') == 1:
    bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__RQ_DISK__', 'rq_disk')
else:
    bpf_source = bpf_source.replace('__RQ_DISK__', 'q->disk')

bpf = BPF(text=bpf_source)

# times are in usecs
MSEC = 1000
SEC = 1000 * 1000

cur_rwdf_100ms = bpf["rwdf_100ms"]
cur_rwdf_1ms = bpf["rwdf_1ms"]
cur_rwdf_10us = bpf["rwdf_10us"]

last_rwdf_100ms = [0] * 400
last_rwdf_1ms = [0] * 400
last_rwdf_10us = [0] * 400

rwdf_100ms = [0] * 400
rwdf_1ms = [0] * 400
rwdf_10us = [0] * 400

io_type = ["read", "write", "discard", "flush"]

def find_pct(req, total, slots, idx, counted):
    while idx > 0:
        idx -= 1
        if slots[idx] > 0:
            counted += slots[idx]
            if args.verbose > 1:
                print('idx={} counted={} pct={:.1f} req={}'
                      .format(idx, counted, counted / total, req))
            if (counted / total) * 100 >= 100 - req:
                break
    return (idx, counted)

def calc_lat_pct(req_pcts, total, lat_100ms, lat_1ms, lat_10us):
    pcts = [0] * len(req_pcts)

    if total == 0:
        return pcts

    data = [(100 * MSEC, lat_100ms), (MSEC, lat_1ms), (10, lat_10us)]
    data_sel = 0
    idx = 100
    counted = 0

    for pct_idx in reversed(range(len(req_pcts))):
        req = float(req_pcts[pct_idx])
        while True:
            last_counted = counted
            (gran, slots) = data[data_sel]
            (idx, counted) = find_pct(req, total, slots, idx, counted)
            if args.verbose > 1:
                print('pct_idx={} req={} gran={} idx={} counted={} total={}'
                      .format(pct_idx, req, gran, idx, counted, total))
            if idx > 0 or data_sel == len(data) - 1:
                break
            counted = last_counted
            data_sel += 1
            idx = 100

        pcts[pct_idx] = gran * idx + gran / 2

    return pcts

def format_usec(lat):
    if lat > SEC:
        return '{:.1f}s'.format(lat / SEC)
    elif lat > 10 * MSEC:
        return '{:.0f}ms'.format(lat / MSEC)
    elif lat > MSEC:
        return '{:.1f}ms'.format(lat / MSEC)
    elif lat > 0:
        return '{:.0f}us'.format(lat)
    else:
        return '-'

# 0 interval can be used to test whether this script would run successfully.
if args.interval == 0:
    sys.exit(0)

# Set up signal handling so that we print the result on USR1/2 and before
# exiting on a signal. Combined with infinite interval, this can be used to
# obtain overall latency distribution between two events. On USR2 the
# accumulated counters are cleared too, which can be used to define
# arbitrary intervals.
force_update_last_rwdf = False
keep_running = True
result_req = Event()
def sig_handler(sig, frame):
    global keep_running, force_update_last_rwdf, result_req
    if sig == signal.SIGUSR1:
        force_update_last_rwdf = True
    elif sig != signal.SIGUSR2:
        keep_running = False
    result_req.set()

for sig in (signal.SIGUSR1, signal.SIGUSR2, signal.SIGINT, signal.SIGTERM, signal.SIGHUP):
    signal.signal(sig, sig_handler)

# If infinite interval, always trigger the first output so that the caller
# can tell when initialization is complete.
if args.interval < 0:
    result_req.set();

while keep_running:
    result_req.wait(args.interval if args.interval > 0 else None)
    result_req.clear()

    update_last_rwdf = args.interval > 0 or force_update_last_rwdf
    force_update_last_rwdf = False
    rwdf_total = [0] * 4;

    for i in range(400):
        v = cur_rwdf_100ms.sum(i).value
        rwdf_100ms[i] = max(v - last_rwdf_100ms[i], 0)
        if update_last_rwdf:
            last_rwdf_100ms[i] = v

        v = cur_rwdf_1ms.sum(i).value
        rwdf_1ms[i] = max(v - last_rwdf_1ms[i], 0)
        if update_last_rwdf:
            last_rwdf_1ms[i] = v

        v = cur_rwdf_10us.sum(i).value
        rwdf_10us[i] = max(v - last_rwdf_10us[i], 0)
        if update_last_rwdf:
            last_rwdf_10us[i] = v

        rwdf_total[int(i / 100)] += rwdf_100ms[i]

    rwdf_lat = []
    for i in range(4):
        left = i * 100
        right = left + 100
        rwdf_lat.append(
            calc_lat_pct(args.pcts, rwdf_total[i],
                         rwdf_100ms[left:right],
                         rwdf_1ms[left:right],
                         rwdf_10us[left:right]))

        if args.verbose:
            print('{:7} 100ms {}'.format(io_type[i], rwdf_100ms[left:right]))
            print('{:7}   1ms {}'.format(io_type[i], rwdf_1ms[left:right]))
            print('{:7}  10us {}'.format(io_type[i], rwdf_10us[left:right]))

    if args.json:
        result = {}
        for iot in range(4):
            lats = {}
            for pi in range(len(args.pcts)):
                lats[args.pcts[pi]] = rwdf_lat[iot][pi] / SEC
            result[io_type[iot]] = lats
        print(json.dumps(result), flush=True)
    else:
        print('\n{:<7}'.format(os.path.basename(args.dev)), end='')
        widths = []
        for pct in args.pcts:
            widths.append(max(len(pct), 5))
            print(' {:>5}'.format(pct), end='')
        print()
        for iot in range(4):
            print('{:7}'.format(io_type[iot]), end='')
            for pi in range(len(rwdf_lat[iot])):
                print(' {:>{}}'.format(format_usec(rwdf_lat[iot][pi]), widths[pi]), end='')
            print()
